All these offshoots (new settlements) came from villages of Ngolo situated north of the reserve, in an area which was very thickly populated and therefore very heavily farmed. The local inhabitants did not reside in their farms but only visited them from their villages which therefore excluded their rights to reside within the created reserve. All farm settlements i.e. farms in which houses were erected were excluded from the reserve. Though, the boundaries have been fixed clear of those villages in order to allow as much land and room for expansion as is necessary, these village boundaries were not clearly defined. This is because, no information was provided outside the reserve on the area to be available for farming. Therefore, there is insufficient knowledge on how much farming land was made available, hence, difficulties are arising as the village populations continue to grow and as more land for farming is cleared. According to Section 23 of the Forestry Ordinance and in accordance with Section 22 of the said Ordinance, all that piece of land, the situation and limits of which were set forth as demarcated by Mr F.S Collier in 1937, only one enclave existed within the forest zone (Bweme Ngolo). The rest, part of their forests and lands were cut as the reserve was traced. Recently, many villages have crossed into the forest land though they were allowed to hunt and fish with respect to the Wildlife Animals Preservation Ordinance, CAP. 99. Additionally, the villagers had the right to collect food material and other minor non-timber forest products used in the villages which were not to be sold or bartered outside. The villagers also had rights to collect building poles and materials and fuel from Pycnanthus kombo (caraboard) and for all other trees except timber according to Forestry Ordinance No 38/37. All these were for strictly domestic use within the villages and not for sale or bartered outside. Villagers were also allowed to take cocoa from trees in farms existing at the time of the reserve officer’s judgment dated 20 April 1938 but not to extend such farms or to plant new trees. The villagers were also allowed the right to collect produce from existing farms within the reserve for a period of four years commencing from 1 April 1938. Economy Given that majority of the population is rural with little opportunities for livelihood diversification, over 90% of the