Pakistan. Demographics Demographic origins Most of the muhajirs who settled in the Sindh province of Pakistan came from the present-day Indian states of Central Provinces, Berar, Bombay, United Provinces, Haryana, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, and Delhi, while others were from princley states of Jammu and Kashmir, Rajasthan, Hyderabad, Baroda, Kutch, and the Rajputana Agency. Population Muhajirs , worldwide, have a population of over 15 million. Muhajirs are mostly settled in Pakistan and currently are the fifth-largest ethnic group of Pakistan, with a population of around 14.7-30 million. The muhajir population figures, especially in Pakistan, have faced many controversies mainly due to the controversial 2017 census of Pakistan. The muhajir population figure has been rejected by most major political parties of Sindh including MQM-P, PSP, and PPP. Estimates of Muhajir nationalist organizations range from 22 million to around 30 million. Linguistic groups Muhajirs used to be a multi-linguistic ethnic group of people, therefore spoke different languages natively depending on their ethnicity and ancestral history. Over a period of a few decades, these disparate groups sharing the common experience of migration, and political opposition to the military regime of Ayub Khan and his civilian successor Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, evolved or assimilated into a distinct Urdu-speaking group. Today, most Muhajirs speak Urdu, and Muhajirs are considered the third-largest Urdu-speaking ethnicity in the world. The muhajirs that speak Urdu as first language mostly migrated from Delhi, United Provinces and Hyderabad. The Biharis of Bangladesh have also fully assimilated into the Urdu-speaking muhajirs. These muhajirs have merged their dialects of Urdu to form a new dialect used by all muhajirs today. Many dialects of Hindi such as, Dakhani, Khariboli, Awadhi, Bhojpuri, Mewati, Sadri, Marwari, and Haryanvi are also spoken by the Urdu-speaking Muhajirs. Gujarati Muhajirs mainly settled in the Pakistani province of Sindh, are considered the second largest sub-group within the muhajirs. Estimates say there are 3,500,000 ex-speakers of the Gujarati language in Karachi. Before 1970s Gujaratis used to speak their own language, although they to identified with the Urdu-speakers. After the nationalization of schools in 1970s, Gujaratis left their own language and started to assimilate into the Urdu-speakers. Non-Urdu speaking Muslim peoples from what is now the Republic of India, such as Rohingya, Marathi, Konkani, Rajasthanis who speak the Marwari dialect of Rajasthani language and several-thousand Malabari Muslims from Kerala in South India, are considered Muhajirs. These ethno-linguistic groups are being assimilated in the Urdu-speaking