managed profitably, and they wanted to devote their funds to urban areas, including their schools, such as Georgetown College, located near the busy port on the Potomac River adjacent to Washington, DC, and two new Catholic high schools in Philadelphia and New York City. The Jesuits believed that their mission had to be redirected to urban areas, where the number of Catholic European immigrants were increasing. Pope Gregory XVI issued a resounding condemnation of slavery in his 1839 bull In supremo apostolatus. Notable Maryland Enslaved African-Americans Frederick Douglass After his escape from slavery as a young man, Frederick Douglass remained in the North, where he became an influential national voice in favor of abolition and lectured widely about the abuses of slavery. Douglass was born a slave in Talbot County, Maryland, between Hillsboro and Cordova, probably in his grandmother's shack east of Tappers Corner () and west of Tuckahoe Creek. The exact date of his birth is unknown, though it seems likely he was born in 1818. Douglass wrote of his childhood: Douglass wrote several autobiographies, eloquently describing his experiences in slavery in his 1845 autobiography, Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave. It became influential in its support for abolition, and Douglass spoke widely on the Northern abolition lecture circuit. Harriet Tubman In 1822, Harriet Tubman was born into slavery in Dorchester County, Maryland. After escaping in 1849, she returned secretly to the state several times, helping a total of 70 slaves (including relatives) make their way to freedom. She used the Underground Railroad to make thirteen missions. While later working in the Union Army, Tubman helped more than 700 slaves escape during the Raid at Combahee Ferry. Maryland State Colonization Society Concerned about the tensions of discrimination against free blacks (often free people of color with mixed ancestry) and the threat they posed to slave societies, planters and others organized the Maryland State Colonization Society in 1817 as an auxiliary branch of the American Colonization Society, founded in Washington D.C. in 1816. The MSCS had strong Christian support and was the primary organization proposing "return" of all free African Americans to a colony to be established in Africa. But, by this time, most slaves and free blacks had been born in the United States, and wanted to gain their rights in the country they felt was theirs. The ACS founded the colony of Liberia in