to the 1951 census of Pakistan, less than 15 per cent of Muhajirs were unskilled labourers, with almost 61 percent classified as skilled workers and more than 5 percent belonging to professional and managerial backgrounds. Majority of muhajirs (68.4%) live in planned areas and 88.9% have access to basic utilities. Muhajirs are very successful in finance institutions, and have founded most of Pakistan's banking institutions including State Bank of Pakistan, Habib Bank Limited, United Bank Limited, and Bank AL Habib. Education Muhajirs are seen as the most-educated and literate ethnic group in Pakistan. This title has been held by muhajirs since the time of Partition of India, when the muhajirs had a literacy rate of 70% compared to Pakistan's average literacy rate of 16.4%. Because of the high levels of education, muhajirs quickly established themselves economically, socially, and professionally in the earlier years of post-partition, and today play a dominant role in educational institutions of Pakistan. In 2018 elections, the most educated candidates belonged to the muhajir nationalist MQM-P. The high literacy rate also results in the Muhajirs of Karachi mostly living in their own middle and upper middle class neighbourhoods such as Gulshan-e-Iqbal Town, Defence Housing Authority, Gulistan-e-Jauhar, and others. In his book, Pakistan: A Hard Country, Anatol Lieven claimed that the education, openness, and progressivism of Muhajirs is responsible for whatever social and economic dynamism exists in Pakistan. Their culture is driven by strong entrepreneurial spirit to succeed in society, and to maintain the "sophisticated, mild and civilised" image Some prominent academics, poets, writers, journalists, and artists include Abdul Wahab, Ahmed Ali, Waseem Badami, and Abdul Haq. Notable people Culture Muhajir culture is the culture of Urdu-speaking nation that migrated mainly from North India after the independence of Pakistan in 1947 generally to Karachi. The Muhajir culture refers to the Pakistani variation of Indo-Islamic culture and part of the Culture of Karachi city in Pakistan. It is a blend of Delhi, Hyderabad, Bengali, Bihari, and Uttar Pradesh cultures. Cuisine Muhajir cuisine refers to the cuisine of the muhajir people and is covered under both Indian and Pakistani cuisines. Muhajirs, after arriving in Karachi, have revived their old culture, including numerous desserts, savory dishes, and beverages. The Mughal and Indo-Iranian heritage played an influential role in the making of their cuisine and therefore compared to other Pakistani cuisines, Muhajir cuisine tends to use royal cuisine specific to the old