collecting and instructing mystical-ethical practices. These include Tzavaat HaRivash ("Testament of Rabbi Yisroel Baal Shem") and Tzetl Koton by Elimelech of Lizhensk, a seventeen-point program on how to be a good Jew. Rabbi Nachman of Breslov's Sefer ha-Middot is a Hasidic classic of Musar literature. Mitnagdic and Yeshivish Musar literature The "Musar letter" of the Vilna Gaon, an ethical will by an opponent of the Hasidic movement, is regarded by some as a classic of Musar literature. Many of the writings of Yisrael Meir Kagan have also been described as Musar literature. Literature by the Musar movement The modern Musar movement, beginning in the 19th century, encouraged the organized study of medieval Musar literature to an unprecedented degree, while also producing its own Musar literature. Significant Musar writings were produced by leaders of the movement such as Rabbis Israel Salanter, Simcha Zissel Ziv, Yosef Yozel Horwitz, and Eliyahu Dessler. The movement established musar learning as a regular part of the curriculum in the Lithuanian Yeshiva world, acting as a bulwark against contemporary forces of secularism. Musar Literature by Reform Rabbis Musar literature has been composed by Reform rabbis including Ruth Abusch-Magder, noted for her writing on humility, and Karyn Kedar, noted for her writing on forgiveness. Musar Literature by Conservative Rabbis Musar literature has been composed by Conservative rabbis including Amy Eilberg (noted for her writing on curiosity and courage) and Danya Ruttenberg (noted for her writing on curiosity). Musar Literature by Reconstructionist Rabbis Musar literature has been composed by Reconstructionist rabbis including Susan Schnur (noted for her writing on forgiveness), Sandra Lawson (noted for her writing on curiosity), Rebecca Alpert (noted for her writing on humility), and Mordecai Kaplan (noted for his writing on humility). Schnur's writing show how gender matters in discussions of forgiveness as a virtue. References External links Musar and Jewish Ethics pdf Yeshiva University Student Magazine Duties of the Heart - free english translation Benjamin Brown, From Principles to Rules and from Musar to Halakhah - The Hafetz Hayims Rulings on Libel and Gossip. Jewish literature Jewish ethics Musar movement