not implemented fully. Large tracts, beyond the prescribed limit of land ceiling, remained with the rich landlords. From 1977 onwards major land reforms took place in West Bengal. Land in excess of land ceiling was acquired and distributed amongst the peasants. Following land reforms land ownership pattern has undergone transformation. In 2013-14, persons engaged in agriculture in Moyna CD Block could be classified as follows: bargadars 4.83%, patta (document) holders 3.83%, small farmers (possessing land between 1 and 2 hectares) 1.28%, marginal farmers (possessing land up to 1 hectare) 39.73% and agricultural labourers 50.32%. In 2013-14, Moyna CD Block produced 1,773 tonnes of Aman paddy, the main winter crop, from 2,148 hectares, 31,134 tonnes of Boro paddy, the spring crop, from 8,997 hectares, 2,518 tonnes of jute from 186 hectares and 8,731 tonnes of potatoes from 267 hectares. It also produced oil seeds. Betelvine is a major source of livelihood in Purba Medinipur district, particularly in Tamluk and Contai subdivisions. Betelvine production in 2008-09 was the highest amongst all the districts and was around a third of the total state production. In 2008-09, Purba Mednipur produced 2,789 tonnes of cashew nuts from 3,340 hectares of land. Pisciculture Purba Medinipur's net district domestic product derives one fifth of its earnings from fisheries, the highest amongst all the districts of West Bengal. The nett area available for effective pisciculture in Moyna CD Block in 2013-14 was 1,425.45 hectares. 6,890 persons were engaged in the profession and approximate annual production was 54,310 quintals. Banking In 2013-14, Moyna CD Block had offices of 7 commercial banks and 1 gramin bank. Backward Regions Grant Fund Medinipur East district is listed as a backward region and receives financial support from the Backward Regions Grant Fund. The fund, created by the Government of India, is designed to redress regional imbalances in development. As of 2012, 272 districts across the country were listed under this scheme. The list includes 11 districts of West Bengal. Transport Moyna CD Block has 16 ferry services and 16 originating/ terminating bus routes. The nearest railway station is 20 km from the block headquarters. Education In 2013-14, Moyna CD Block had 153 primary schools with 9,411 students, 9 middle schools with 223 students, 10 high schools with 5,581 students and 20 higher secondary schools with 25,503 students. Moyna CD Block had 1 general college with 1,872 students, 2 professional/ technical institutions with 189