The cultural history of Karachi goes back at least five thousand years to the emergence of the Indus Valley Civilization in the third millennium B.C. The early culture appears to be essentially Neolithic with widespread use of small chart implements and semi-precious stones. The many megalithic Arab (عرب مسمان) graves around Karachi put it in a class with the megalithic movements of the Arabian Peninsula. History of Karachi Alexander's historians called Karachi Krokola, which literally means "a place of crocodile worship". Around 1558, Karachi was a conglomerate of about two dozen fishing villages, called Kalachi or Kalati. This small settlement was projected into prominence when Seth Bhoju Mal laid the foundation of a small township on the left bank of Lyari River in 1729. "Its rise into notice began with the period of the Kalhora princes in 1793. They first recognised the value of the harbour for commerce. The capture of the Manora fort in 1839 put the British in possession of the town." The modern port-city of Karachi, however, was developed by authorities of the British Raj in the 19th century. Upon the independence of Pakistan in 1947, the city was selected to become the national capital, and was settled by Muslim Urdu-speaking Muhajirs (اردو مہاجر قوم) (creators of Pakistan) at the time of the independence in 1947, which radically expanded the city's population and transformed its demographics and economy. Heritage The cultural heritage of Karachi after 1947 is that of the Muhajir community of Urdu-speaking Sindhis (اردو مہاجر قوم) and their Urdu language, clothes (کرتا پاجامہ شیروانی), education and foods (Nihari, Biryani, Kabab, Nihariنہاری, بریانی, کباب, حلیم). Its earlier heritage includes the story of the 'Kalachi-Jo-Kunn' (whirlpool of Kalachi) in which Moriro performed a feat of strength by killing a monstrous shark that killed all six of his brothers as they were fishing. A number of cultural sites in and around Karachi testify to the glorious past of Karachi. In recent years the Sindhi population in the city has surged. "WAGU DARR" (earthen cavity for the living of a crocodile) is located at the coastal village of Chashma Goth near Korangi. A natural sweet water spring flows perennially past this site. It is also a crocodile worship center besides Manghopir where people offer meat to the crocodiles and bathe in hot and cold sulphuric springs to treat skin diseases. The ruins of RATO KOT are located in the