the insignia of the city, "potesteria", that represent the lands and castles of the ancient Sienese state above the standard-bearers and their replacements from the municipality of Massa Marittima and the municipality of Montalcino, which guard this historical privilege. The captain of the people rides with a page, preceded by a standard-bearer, 3 dagger bearing pages, with helmets and swords, followed by 3 gonfaloniers, the "Terzi" on horseback, and three centurions of "Masse dei Terzi", also on horseback, all accompanied by grooms. In the next group is represents the Studio Senese (Senese means from Siena), it includes two drummers, a standard-bearer, a rector, four teachers and four students. The standard-bearer and 3 of the Magistrates Merchandise preceded by two drummers followed by six representatives of each Contrada preceded by a standard-bearer who rears the banner of each of the guilds of each Contrada: Tailors Valdimontone (Valley of the Ram), Pharmacists Pantera (Panther), Sculptors Tartuca (Tortoise), Weavers Selva (Forest), Dye makers Oca (Goose), Bankers Drago (Dragon), Potters Nicchio (Seashell), Goldsmiths Leocorno (Unicorn), Notaries Aquila (Eagle), Silk Makers Bruco (Caterpillar), Cobblers Civetta (Little Owl), Wool makers Torre (Tower), Painters Giraffa (Giraffe), Carpenters Onda (Wave), Bakers Lupa (She-Wolf), Tanners Chiocciola (Snail), Smiths Istrice (Crested Porcupine). A page bearing the "Masgalano" (prize for the best "pop") with two pages following. Contrada parade of the ten in the race. Each appearance is as follows: a drummer, two bishops, the "Duce" escorted by two armed men, then more pages holding the banner of the Contrada flanked by two pages bearing the flags of the military companies. On a large horse (called the "soprallasso") escorted by a groom, is the jockey in ceremonial dress, followed the horse which is racing. Contradas participating in the Palio enter the order determined by the drawn lots. A double row of six little pages bearing the symbolic garlands, form division with the Contrade excluded from this Palio. The appearance of the 7 Contrade not participating consist of the following elements: the drummer, two bishops, a leader escorted by two soldiers, Major page and Banner Carrier with two pages bearing the flags of the old military companies. This is followed by six knights pages, representatives Contradas which no longer exist (Gallo, Lion, Bear, Oak, Spadaforte, Viper). 20 archers preceded by a page flag holder by the Captain, 2 and 4 drummers. Following these the Captain of Justice with a horse and Page,