rational use of medications and to avoid, insofar as possible, unsupervised self-medication. Pharmaceutical services include medications and health products are provided to patients according to their clinical needs, in precise doses and over an adequate period at the least cost possible. Medications are dispensed by pharmacies, each of which is headed by a licensed pharmacist. All medications to be prescribed to patients must either be authorized and registered by the Spanish Agency of Medicines and Medical Devices (Agencia Española de Medicamentos y Productos Sanitarios), or must be formulations prepared by licensed pharmacists. Exceptions to this requirement are cosmetics, dietetic products, dental products and other sanitary products, as well as drugs classified as advertising, homeopathic medicines, and articles and accessories advertised to the general public and where the purchaser pays the full price (that is, no money comes from SNS-related sources). Spanish patients make a copayment when they acquire pharmaceuticals. The distribution of the cost is as follows: Medications dispensed as part of hospitalization are free to the patient. Other prescriptions are financed as follows Most pensioners and their beneficiaries receive their medicines for free. Pensioners who were public functionaries and are protected by MUFACE (Mutualidad General de Funcionarios Civiles del Estado) pay 30 percent of prescription cost. Non-pensioners pay 40 percent of the price of prescription drugs. Active functionaries protected by MUFACE pay 30 percent. Communities affected by toxic oil syndrome and patients with AIDS receive their prescriptions for free. Individuals with toxic treatments pay 10 percent, up to a maximum of 2.64 euros per prescription. Orthoprosthetic and complementary services Orthoprosthetic services can be permanent surgically implanted prostheses, external prostheses, special orthoses and prostheses including hearing aids and earmolds for children up to age 16 with bilateral hearing impairments. "Complementary services" include complex dietary therapies, vehicles for invalids, and home oxygen therapy. Health care transport The health care transport infrastructure transports people who are ill, accident victims, or otherwise in need of medical attention. It includes ambulances, as well as air ambulances: helicopters and airplanes whose interiors are specially modified for the purpose. For most purposes, of course, ground transport is preferred, but sometimes distances or the difficulty of reaching particular locations make air transport more practical. Demographics of Spain According to data from the National Institute of Statistics (Instituto Nacional de Estadística, INE), as of January 1, 2018, Spain has a population of 46,659,302, of whom 22,882,286 (49,04%) are