This is a list of currently active separatist movements in Africa. Separatism includes autonomism and secessionism. What is and is not considered an autonomist or secessionist movement is sometimes contentious. Entries on this list must meet three criteria: They are active movements with living, active members. They are seeking greater autonomy or self-determination for a geographic region (as opposed to personal autonomy). They are the citizen/inhabitants of the conflict area and do not come from another country. Under each region listed is one or more of the following: De facto state: for regions with de facto autonomy from the government Proposed state: proposed name for a seceding sovereign state Proposed autonomous area: for movements toward greater autonomy for an area but not outright secession De facto autonomous government: for governments with de facto autonomous control over a region Government-in-exile: for a government based outside of the region in question, with or without control Political party (or parties): for political parties involved in a political system to push for autonomy or secession Militant organisation(s): for armed separatist organisations Advocacy group(s): for non-belligerent, non-politically participatory entities Ethnic/ethno-religious/racial/regional/religious group(s) Algeria Kabylia Ethnic group: Kabyle Berbers Proposed state: Kabylia (Berber language: Tagduda Taqbaylit). Government-in-exile: Kabyle Provisional Government (ANAVAD AQVAYLI UΣTIL). Movement leader: Ferhat Mehenni. Political party: Movement for the self-determination of Kabylie (Mak-Anavad). Etat Pied-Noir Ethnic group: Pieds-Noirs Political party: Etat Pied-Noir Status: Active (Established in 2016) Angola Central-Eastern Angola Ethnic group: Lunda-Tchokwé people Proposed state: Lunda-Tchokwé (República Democrática da Lunda-Tchokwé) (RDLT) Government-in-exile: Partido Democrático da Defesa do Estado Lunda-Tchokwé (PDDELT), led by Dr. Jota Filipe Malakito Claimant group: Manifesto Jurídico Sociológico do Povo Lunda-Tchokwé (MJSPL), also an Advocacy group Political party: Partido Democrático da Defesa do Estado Lunda-Tchokwé (PDDELT) Movements: Mulher Unida da Lunda-Tchokwé (MULT), Pioneiros Unidos da Lunda-Tchokwé (PULT), Juventude Unida da Lunda-Tchokwé (JULT) Cabinda Ethnic group: Bakongo Proposed state: Republic of Cabinda Government-in-exile: Frente para a Libertação do Enclave de Cabinda (FLEC) (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization) Political party: Frente para a Libertação do Enclave de Cabinda (FLEC), Liberation Front of the State of Cabinda Militant organization: Forças Armadas de Cabinda (FAC) Status: Ongoing low-intensity war Botswana Zambesia Ethnic group:River Races of Zambesia Militant organization: Movement for the Survival of the River Races of Zambesia Proposed state: Zambesia Cameroon Ethnic group: Anglophones of the former Southern Cameroons, consisting of over 80 ethnic groups Population: ~4 million people Proposed