not need to continuously put new heading into the autopilot, contrary to the "selected" mode. By selecting the NAV mode, the computer of the Airbus A321 had to search for new waypoints, as no NAV-mode approach data were available for runway 12. The computer finally found a waypoint, named as waypoint CF. As it was located outside of the protected zone, the crew should have tried to change it to be closer with the runway. By doing so, they would not have to fly outside of the protected area. Rather than doing such action, Captain Chaudhry decided to create another set of waypoints that would eventually lead to waypoint CF. Afterwards, the Captain stated that they would fly towards the made-up waypoints first and then follow the made-up route before the planned turn towards waypoint CF. First Officer Ahmed did not protest anything and decided to follow along. Captain Chaudhry then engaged the NAV mode. By this time, he had delayed the turn towards the waypoints for quite some time. As a result, they were well outside of the protected zone. With an altitude of just about 2,300 ft, the GPWS sounded. First Officer Ahmed warned Captain Chaudhry about the GPWS, but Captain Chaudhry insisted to continue to fly to the waypoints, though he began to sound uncertain. A flight controller in Islamabad, who noticed that Flight 202 had gone astray, then decided to ask the crew on whether they had established visual contact with the runway, to which the crew answered with a lie. As they faced another warning from the GPWS, Captain Chaudhry finally decided to turn the aircraft towards the left. To do so, he was required to enter his desired heading by turning the knob and then change the lateral navigation from NAV mode to the "selected" mode. To engage the "selected" mode, the heading knob should be pulled outward. In the case of Flight 202, Captain Chaudhry forgot to pull the knob. Hence, the "selected" mode was not engaged. The autopilot did not manage to receive the desired heading and the aircraft stayed on its course, heading towards the hills. Bewildered, Captain Chaudhry turned the heading knob further to the left. Captain Chaudhry finally realized that the heading knob had not been engaged, so he pulled the knob outward, but during his moment of confusion earlier, he had turned the knob to the left for