growing conditions, such as drying, promotes abundant formation of gemmae, as vegetative reproduction does not involve the fusion of gametes and hence does not require water. Conservation status Hymenophyllum australe in Australia is considered locally common within its preferred growing conditions. However, in New Zealand the conservation status of Hymenophyllum australe was reassessed in 2012 using the New Zealand Threat Classification System (NZTCS) to be "at risk to naturally uncommon". Cytology Chromosome number = 36 (N=36). References Further reading Chloroplast Similarity between H.australe and H.atrovirens: Key to Tasmanian Hymenophyllum species Key to the New Zealand Filmy Ferns (Hymenophyllaceae) Atlas of Living Australia occurrence data australe