in the latter.) Similarly to the Celtic situation, Old Lithuanian forms may occasionally be given in place of modern Lithuanian; Latvian (modern) may occasionally be given in place of or in addition to Lithuanian. For the Slavic languages, Old Church Slavonic cognates are given when possible. Forms from modern Slavic languages or other Church Slavic dialects may occasionally be given in place of Old Church Slavonic. For English, a modern English cognate is given when it exists, along with the corresponding Old English form; otherwise, only an Old English form is given. For Gothic, a form in another Germanic language (Old Norse; Old High German; or Middle High German) is sometimes given in its place or in addition, when it reveals important features. Kinship {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;" ! width="10%"| PIE ! width="8%"| English ! width="8%"| Gothic ! width="8%"| Latin ! width="8%"| Ancient Greek ! width="8%"| Sanskrit ! width="7%"| Iranian ! width="8%"| Slavic ! width="8%"| Baltic ! width="7%"| Celtic ! width="7%"| Armenian ! width="7%"| Albanian ! width="7%"| Tocharian ! width="7%"| Hittite |- ! style="font-weight:normal;" | "mother" | mother (< OE mōdor) | mōdar "mother" | māter "mother" ⇒ | mḗtēr "mother" ⇒ | mā́tṛ, mātṛ́ "mother" | Av mātar- "mother"; NPers mādar "mother"; Kurdish mak "mother" | OCS mati, mater- "mother" | Lith móteris "woman", motina; OPrus muti "mother" | Gaul. mātīr "mother", OIr māthir "mother"; W modryb "auntie" | mayr "mother" | motër "sister" | A mācar, B mācer "mother" | |- ! style="font-weight:normal;" | "father" | father (< OE fæder) | fadar "father" | pater "father" ⇒ | patḗr "father" (> patriarch) | pitṛ́ "father"; Pitrs "spirits of the ancestors" (litt. "the fathers") | Av pitar- (nom. also pta, ta), OPers pita "father", NPers pedar | otets "father" Russian | | OIr athir "father"; Welsh edrydd "paternal domain" | hayr "father" | atë "father" | A pācar, B pācer "father" | |- ! "brother" | brother (< OE brōþor) | brōþar "brother" | frāter "brother" ⇒ | pʰrā́tēr "member of a phratry (brotherhood)" (> phratry) | bʰrā́tṛ "brother"; Rom phral "brother" (> pal) | Av brātar-, OPers brātar-, NPers brādar-, Ossetian ärvád "brother, relative", NPers barādar, Kurdish bira | OCS bratrŭ "brother" | Lith brõlis, OPrus brati "brother" | Gaul Bratronos (pers. name); OIr brāth(a)ir, W brawd (pl. brodyr) "brother" | ełbayr (gen. ełbawr) "brother" | | A pracar, B procer "brother" |Lyd brafr(-sis) "brother" |- ! "sister" |