in Celtic English than Standard English. Clefting may be linked to the rise of a fixed word order after the loss of inflections. Uses of himself, herself etc. Celtic and English have formal identity between intensifier and reflexive pronoun. They share this feature only with Maltese, Finnish, Estonian and Hungarian in Europe. In Middle English, the old intensifier "self" was replaced by a fusion of pronoun + "self" which is now used in a communication to emphasise the object in question e.g. "A woman who is conspicuously generous to others less fortunate than herself." Northern subject rule The Northern subject rule was the general pattern of syntax used for the present tense in northern Middle English. It occurs in some present-day dialects. The 3rd person singular verb is used for 3rd person plural subjects unless the pronoun, "they", is used and it is directly adjacent to the verb, e.g. "they sing", "they only sings", "birds sings". This anti-agreement is standard in Modern Welsh – excepting the adjacency condition. It had general usage in Old Welsh and therefore, presumably, in Cumbric. It has also been argued that this was a language-internal development that arose during the Middle English period. The lack of northern texts in Old English means that explaining the origin of the rule with any degree of certainty is difficult. Lack of external possessor English does not make use of the more cumbersome external possessor. The only other "European" languages without this are Lezgian, Turkish, Welsh and Breton. All other continental languages have an external possessor option or conventional usage. An option exists in Swedish for "she washed () his hair": grammatically internally: "Hon tvättade hans hår"; externally: "Hon tvättade håret på honom". In modern French this is predominant as to the reflexive (subject themselves) "elle s'est lavé les cheveux" (she washed her hair) and otherwise sometimes conventional. Old English used it such as Seo cwen het þa þæm cyninge þæt heafod of aceorfan, literally "The Queen had them the King the head to a-carve (cut off)", which mirrors modern German: Die Königin ließ sie, dem König den Kopf ab(zu)schneiden.Modern English must use an internal possessor: "The Queen ordered them to cut off the King's head". Tag questions and answers The statistical bias towards use of tag questions and answers in English, historically, instead of simply yes or no has been attributed to Celtic influence.. Celtic languages do not