fates are predetermined for the most part, and that free will in this respect is for most people an illusion". Later developments "Many authors, after Berne's death, put forward the idea that scripts concern a general attitude to construct and organize reality...this 'open' frame of reference" linking script analysis to narrative psychology. In such a perspective, "the main purpose of script analysis is to elicit the multiple meanings inherent in a person's life script". Fanita English argued that the idea of scripts was associated perhaps too much with the idea of pathologies, whereas it is an episcript (a concept that she proposed) which is harmful. Eric Berne makes brief reference to it, calling it an overscript. English said that, "it is possible for a 'donor' to 'episcript' a 'vulnerable recipient' into taking on a harmful life task, such as murder or suicide. ... A tragic demonstration of the culmination of an episcript was offered on 9/11, when perfectly intelligent, educated young men attacked the World Trade Center Towers in New York at the cost of their own lives after having carefully planned to do so because they had been episcripted by Osama bin Laden". Richard G. Erskine, PhD, the originator of Integrative Psychotherapy (Developmentally Based, Relationally Focused), along with coauthor Marlyn Zalcman, developed the theory of Racket Analysis and received the Eric Berne Scientific Award in 1982 because of their contribution. In 1998, along with coauthor Rebecca Trautmann, he received the Eric Berne Memorial Award in Transactional Analysis for a series of nine articles that provide a “comparison and integration of Transactional Analysis with other theories and approaches”. In 2018 Richard received the Eric Berne Memorial award for his three publications on “Unconscious Experience, Attachment Patterns, and Neuropsychological Research in the Psychotherapy of Life Scripts”. Criticism Fanita English considered that "Berne tried too hard to turn script analysis into a science...devised far too technical a system for script analysis". Others have remarked that "script analysis...is overly psychoanalytic in attitude and overly reductionist". See also Thomas Anthony Harris Claude Steiner References External links "The Life Script" Transactional analysis