a part of Dubna synchrophasotron modernisation program (the Nuclotron ring follows the outer perimeter of the synchrophasotron ring). 5 runs of about 1400 hours total duration have been provided by the present time. The most important experiments tested the cryomagnetic system of a novel type, and obtained data on nuclear collisions using internal target. 1993 "Novichok" "Novichok" is a series of chemical weapons developed between 1971 (USSR) and 1993 (Russia), significantly more potent than VX and Soman. 1993 RAR by Eugene Roshal 1997 Two-level single-vault transfer station Sportivnaya (Saint Petersburg Metro) 1998 Beriev Be-200 Four retractable water scoops, two forward and two aft of the fuselage step can be used to scoop a total of 12 tonnes of water in 14 seconds. 1998 Submarine-launched spacecraft Russian submarine K-407 Novomoskovsk, Shtil' 1999 7z By Igor Pavlov 1999 Sea Launch by Igor Spassky, multinational cooperation 1999 Flerovium 2000s 2000s Heterotransistor By Zhores Alfyorov with Herbert Kroemer 2000 Livermorium Collaboration between Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in the United States and the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Russia 2000 Abstract state machine 2001 Space tourism 2001 Mirny Mine The largest diamond mine in the world and the second largest human-made excavation. 2001 Superconducting nanowire single-photon detector 2003 Park Pobedy metro escalators Longest metro escalators 2003 Nihonium Russian–American collaboration 2003 Moscovium Russian–American collaboration 2004 Nginx One of the most widely used web servers in the world, created by Igor Sysoev. 2004 Graphene Creation of Graphene by Russian-born, British physicists Konstantin Novoselov and Andre Geim at the University of Manchester. They were awarded with Nobel Prize in Physics for this discovery in 2010. 2005 Elbrus 2000 2005 Orbitrap by Aleksandr Makarov 2006 Oganesson First synthesized in 2002 at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR) in Dubna, near Moscow, Russia, by a joint team of Russian and American scientists. 2007 NS 50 Let Pobedy NS 50 Let Pobedy is the world's largest nuclear-powered icebreaker, and the largest icebreaker in general. The keel was originally laid in 1989 by Baltic Works of Leningrad (now St Petersburg), and the ship was launched in 1993 as the NS Ural, while completed in 2007 under a new name. This icebreaker is the sixth and last of the Arktika class. The vessel was put into service by Murmansk Shipping Company, which manages all eight Russian state-owned nuclear icebreakers. 2007 Father of all bombs Aviation Thermobaric Bomb of Increased Power, nicknamed