Crimes Committed by Totalitarian Regimes are reports and proceedings of the European public hearing organised by the Slovenian Presidency of the Council of the European Union (January–June 2008) and the European Commission. The Hearing was organised in response to the request made by the Justice and Home Affairs Council of the European Union on 19 April 2007. Edited by Peter Jambrek and published by the Slovenian Presidency of the Council of the European Union Crimes, the reports and proceedings research and investigate gross and large scale human rights violations committed during the reign of totalitarian regimes in Europe. There were four sessions at the Hearing: How to improve knowledge about totalitarian crimes? How to promote public awareness about totalitarian crimes? What lessons can be drawn from successful experiences? How to achieve reconciliation? The preface was written by the Slovenian Minister of Justice Lovro Šturm, and the introduction by Jacques Barrot, Vice-President of the European Commission for Justice, Freedom and Security. Countries that were involved were: Estonia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovenia, Poland and Spain. Topics and chapters I. HISTORY, CHARACTERISTICS AND CLASSIFICATION OF TOTALITARIAN REGIMES Historical justice for Europe: why, when and how? Suggestions on assessment of totalitarian communism. The making of the communist regime in Slovenia and Yugoslavia. Totalitarian regimes in Slovenia in the 20th century. Characteristics of the judicial system in Slovenia between 1945 and 1951. The Roman Catholic Church in Slovenia under three totalitarian regimes. The need for equal treatment of Nazi and Soviet crimes. Hypocrisy of discrimination among victims of totalitarian crimes. II. TOTALITARIAN CRIMES: CROSS-NATIONAL SURVEY Crimes committed in Latvia by the occupation regimes of the USSR and Germany (1940–90). Political repression in the 1940s and 1950s in Estonia. Lithuanian victims of communist occupation. Poland – the victim of two totalitarian regimes. The Securitate legacy – terror in Romania. A topic doomed to oblivion: foreign prisoners in Soviet custody – with special regard to the fate of Hungarian civilian internees. Repression over the Slovenian people by the German Nazism. Crimes committed by the Fascist regime in the Slovene territory. Totalitarian features of the judiciary in the Republic of Slovenia (1945–90). Concentration and labour camps in Slovenia. Secret World War II mass graves in Slovenia Communist repression of "interior enemies" in Slovenia. III. TRANSITIONAL JUSTICE: PROSECUTION AND REDRESS Of INJUSTICE Reparation and reconciliation in international law: the view of an Estonian lawyer. Prosecution of Nazi and Communist crimes