constituent Circles with a total membership of "around 4,000." The convention authorized the establishment of regular Educational and Student departments in addition to the Industrial Department first established at the convention of 1932. Winston Dancis was unanimously elected national secretary, Arthur G. McDowell was elected national chairman, succeeding the retiring Julius Umansky, and a new NEC was chosen, including Dancis, McDowell, Austin Adams (Reading, PA), John Domurad (Holyoke, MA), Aaron Levenstein (New York City), Robert Parker (Cleveland), Paul A. Rasmussen (Illinois), John Stroebel (Milwaukee), Noah C.A. Walter, Jr. (New York City), and Milton Weisberg (Pittsburgh). William Gomberg was elected national student secretary, Gus Tyler educational secretary, and Arthur McDowell reelected as industrial secretary. The case of former national secretary Smerkin was heard by the convention. The decision of the NEC to recall Smerkin and reorganize the Chicago Circle because of their "disruptive" campaign "under Communist Party influence to divide YPSL ranks and disrupt the organization" was ratified by a vote of 110 to 9. 8th national convention The 8th national convention of the YPSL was held from July 19 to 21, 1935, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. National secretaries William F. "Bill" Kruse (1915–1919) Oliver Carlson (1919–1921) Albert Weisbord (1922–1924) Emanuel Switkes George Smerkin (c. May 1933) —removed by YPSL NEC for participation in unsanctioned political activities. Winston "Win" Dancis (May 1933-1935?) Ben Fischer (c. 1935) Ernest Erber (1936-Aug. 1937) Al Hamilton (Sept. 1937-?) Official publications Young Socialists' Magazine Free Youth (New York) (February 15, 1931 – November 1, 1931) —semi-monthly, 18 issues produced. The Challenge/Challenge of Youth (Chicago and New York) (March 1933 – September 1946) —Briefly relaunched as Arise from November 1937 following the split of the Trotskyist faction. See also Socialist Sunday Schools Footnotes Further reading Todd Stewart Hutton, Historical-Sociological Analysis of Goal Transformation in a Social Movement Training Organization: The Young People's Socialist League of America, 1920-1929. PhD dissertation. Duke University, 1982. Patti McGill Peterson, The Young Socialist Movement in America from 1905 to 1940: A Study of the Young People's Socialist League. PhD dissertation. University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1974. Patti McGill Peterson, "Student Organizations and the Antiwar Movement in America, 1900-1960." American Studies,'' vol. 13, no. 1, (Spring 1972), pp. 131–147. In JSTOR External links Tim Davenport, "Young People's Socialist League, 1907-1946: Organizational History," Early American Marxism website, www.marxisthistory.org/ Socialist Party of America Youth wings of political parties in the United States Youth wings of social democratic parties