Hacienda Azucarera La Esperanza – Puerto Rico Hawikuh Jack Peterson Memorial, Croton-on-Hudson, New York Slavery For over 200 years, the American system of slavery held four million people of color in bondage. The effect was felt by all the people of the nation, including black, white, yellow, and red. It was premised on a system of racial supremacy that affected the development of the American Negro and the relationships of all American’s with persons of other races. The first blacks in the new world did not arrive on the slave ship to Jamestown in 1619. Rather, it was Pedro Alonzo Niño, navigator on the Niña the smallest of Christopher Columbus's vessels. From that day, Negros participated in nearly every major Spanish exploration in the new world. Neflo de Olaña and thirty other Negros were with Balboa when they discovered the Pacific Ocean. Antioch Missionary Baptist Church – Richard Allen (organized the AME church) Jean Baptiste Point Du Sable Homesite – Jean Baptiste Point du Sable (1st settler of Chicago) First African Baptist Church, Richmond, Virginia Lumpkin's Jail, Richmond, Virginia Hacienda Azucarera La Esperanza – Puerto Rico Hawikuh – Estevanico Prince Hall Masonic Temple – Prince Hall (organized 1st Negro Masonic Lodge) Slave revolts and insurrections In the summer of 1791, Haiti witnessed the first successful slave revolt. This was not the first; it was one in a long series of revolts. Between 1663 and 1864, there were 109 revolts on land and another 55 at sea. Notable early insurrections include the 1712 uprising in New York City and the 1800 attack on Richmond, Virginia known as Gabriel's Rebellion. That same year, Denmark Vesey, a free black, planned to seize Charleston, South Carolina, but was foiled when betrayed. Belmont – Virginia John Brown Farm – John Brown’s birthplace. - New York John Brown House - New York John Brown Headquarters – Headquarters for the Harper’s Ferry Raid Estate Carolina Sugar Plantation Stono River Slave Rebellion – Site of the 1739 Stono Rebellion - South Carolina. Abolition crisisWith the Louisiana Purchase in 1803, the United States gained a huge western dominion. With it, two aspects of American life came into stark comparison. The first was the expansion of slavery across the southern half of the nation, creating a vast agricultural empire based on a large rural workforce. The second was Manifest Destiny, the expansion of a free society westward across the continent.