fighting efforts have led to the growth of over of secondary forest by 2021. In 2019, Indonesian President Joko Widodo announced the relocation of Indonesia's capital from Jakarta to a yet to be developed city in East Kalimantan, which will span portions of Samboja. The initial plan proposed construction of the capital city start in 2021, but was postponed due to shifting government priorities mitigating the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. The Project's Activities In 2001 BOS Foundation began purchasing land near Samboja. It insured that the purchase of each plot of land was in accordance with regulations and documented by letter, official seal and security copy. Conditions were not favourable: aside from the land degradation, the soil itself was not promising - predominantly clay, with hard plinthite clods. Not far beneath the surface there were coal seams that in the dry periods opened up to the air and caught fire. Land prices were rising and there was not enough funding available to buy enough normal rainforest land. Forestry experts are sceptical, once the primary rainforest is cut and burned down, it will take centuries to return. Tree Planting The tree nursery was started, including some seeds that had been recovered from orangutan faeces. Pioneer trees planted were the drought-resistant sungkai (Peronema canescens) and legumes such as Acacia mangium. Smits drew on his background in microbiology and his doctoral dissertation on mycorrhiza, making enormous quantities of compost for tree seedlings. Along with organic waste, he mixed in sawdust, fruit remnants from the orangutan cages, manure from cattle and chickens scavenged from his other projects in Kalimantan and a microbiological agent made from sugar and cow urine. In the years since the start of the replanting project, BOS Foundation has established hundreds of hectares of secondary forest and continues to replant on degraded and burned lands every year. Orangutan Rehabilitation Securing the future of the Bornean orangutan was the central concern of the project. Smits' Orangutan Rehabilitation Project at Wanariset was moved to Samboja. "Forest schools" were established, areas that provide natural playgrounds for the orangutans in which to learn forest skills. Here the orangutans roam somewhat freely but under the supervision of human "surrogate mothers" and are returned to sleeping cages for the night. "Orangutan islands" were created where the orangutans to further hone survival skills before being released into the wild. Orangutan Sanctuary With a large population