and ten women. According to some sources, this approach, sometimes referred to as the "10-and-10 minyan," was originally crafted by the minyan, Shira Hadasha, in Jerusalem, inspiring a number of other groups around the world to follow the same example. (The Jewish Orthodox Feminist Alliance uses the term, Partnership minyan, for lay-led worship groups that consider themselves to be part of Modern Orthodox Judaism, while trying to increase the role of women in services through practices like the 10-and-10-minyan.) In 2018, after extensive halakhic study, DC Minyan decided to adopt a policy of simply counting any 10 Jewish adults, regardless of gender, as a minyan. In addition to efforts to respect and accommodate egalitarianism, there are also obvious signs of pluralism in terms of the various movements within Judaism. So, for example, many of the worshipers use Orthodox prayer books, but others follow in prayer books created by the Conservative movement. Similarly, participants follow the Torah reading with various printed editions of chumashim, with commentaries on the readings from the Torah and haftarah (Prophetic readings) that sometimes offer divergent translations and interpretations of the text, depending upon the movement that published the book. Independent minyanim The DC Minyan is part of a growing number of similar groups known as independent minyanim. There have been other attempts over the years to create settings for worship outside of the traditional structure, such as the chavurah movement. However, Jewish Theological Seminary of America Professor Jack Wertheimer states that today's independent minyanim (plural of "minyan") represent a different phenomenon: ...members of today's independent minyanim are not counter-cultural types in rebellion against their parents or committed to smashing existing institutions but a generation that is at once self-sufficient and open to compromise. An example of the newer spirit is the DC Minyan's commitment to separate seating, an infringement on the principle of strict sexual egalitarianism that is maintained for the sake of accommodating the group's diverse population. In the present moment, pluralism is valued over purity. Rabbi Elie Kaunfer, rosh yeshiva (Rabbinic dean) and executive director of Mechon Hadar and on the Talmud faculty of Yeshivat Hadar, in 2009 defined an "independent minyan"—Jewish worshiping communities like the DC Minyan—as a congregation meeting three requirements: (1) volunteer-led and organized with no paid clergy; (2) no denomination/movement affiliation; and (3) founded in the previous 10 years. Kaunfer adds the goal of "spiritual prayer" to this list, noting