account for more than 10% of the company's revenue next year." Apple iOS and other mobile devices, which are restricted to running pre-approved applications from a digital distribution service. Barnes & Noble's Nook devices. In late December 2011, B&N began pushing the automatic, over-the-air firmware update 1.4.1 to Nook Tablets that removed users' ability to gain root access to the device and the ability to sideload applications from sources other than the official Barnes and Noble NOOK Store (without modding). Nook HD devices were similarly "closed", until May 2013, when BN opened its ecosystem somewhat by permitting users to install the Google Play Store and the various Android apps offered there, including those of rivals, such as Audible.com, ComiXology, Kindle, Kobo, and Google itself. The Encrypted Media Extensions specification provides APIs to control playback of encrypted content. This is part of the World Wide Web Consortium's web standards and was authored by members working from Google, Microsoft and Netflix. Kwangmyong, the national intranet service that operates in North Korea. It operates as a "walled garden" network, as no information is permitted to enter the network without government approval. Verizon Wireless' CDMA network and policies effectively prohibiting activation of non-Verizon sanctioned devices on their network. Verizon Wireless is frequently noted (and often criticized) for this practice. Permissioned blockchains have been called the “walled gardens” of 2017. Video game consoles have a long history of walled gardens, with developers needing to purchase licences to develop for the platform, and, in some cases, needing editorial approval from the console manufacturer prior to publishing games. Super-apps such as WeChat have been called walled gardens by critics. Owning Walled Garden after 3rd Party Cookie Era See also Data portability Vendor lock-in Business ecosystem Damaged good Dark web Defective by Design Digital rights management Gated community Hardware restriction Open source Software protection dongle User registration References Application programming interfaces Computing platforms Hardware restrictions