victims as young men in groups who assault targets of convenience. Victims accounts suggest that assailants possess tremendous rage and hatred; indeed, documentation of horrific levels of brutality has led gay activists to characterize the violence as political terrorism aimed at all gay men and lesbians. Other motives for antigay violence suggested in the literature include male bonding, proving heterosexuality, and purging secret homosexual desires. Responses According to an article in the Howard Journal of Communications, some LGBT individuals have responded to heterosexism through direct confrontation and communication, or through the removal of self from the hostile environment. See also Anti-LGBT rhetoric Culture war Discrimination against non-binary gender people Discrimination against people with HIV/AIDS Harassment (categories and types) Heteropatriarchy Identity politics Intolerance LGBT stereotypes Liberal homophobia Minority rights Transphobia Straightwashing Straight pride References Anti-LGBT sentiment Heterosexuality LGBT and society Sexism Queer theory