suggested by tumor profile testing Neurogenetics Genetic counselors specializing in neurogenetics are involved in the care of individuals who have or are at risk to develop conditions affecting the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) or peripheral nervous system (the nerves that leave the spinal cord and go to other places in the body, such as the feet and hands, skeletal muscles, and internal organs). Effects of these conditions can lead to various impairments some examples of which include cognitive decline, intellectual disability, seizures, uncontrolled movements (e.g. ataxia, chorea), muscle weakness, paralysis, or atrophy. Examples of neurogenetic disorders include: Brain malformation syndromes, including lissencephaly and polymicrogyria Brain tumor predisposition syndromes, including Neurofibromatosis 1 and 2 Epilepsy (seizures) Hereditary motor neuron diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS/Lou Gehrig's disease) and spinal muscular atrophy Hereditary neuropathies, including Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease Intellectual disabilities, developmental delays, and autism spectrum disorder Leukodystrophy (hereditary white matter diseases) Memory and other cognitive disorders, including Alzheimer disease and frontotemporal dementia Movement disorders, including hereditary ataxia, spastic paraplegia, Huntington disease, and Parkinson disease Neuromuscular disorders, including muscular dystrophies, congenital myopathies, and congenital myasthenic syndromes Pediatric genetics Pediatric genetic counseling can be indicated for newborns, infants, children and their families. General referral indications can include: Birth defect(s) or multiple congenital anomalies (cleft lip/palate, heart defects, spina bifida) Intellectual disability of unknown cause, learning disabilities, or autism Sensory impairments (vision, hearing) Metabolic disorders (PKU, galactosemia, inborn errors of metabolism) Known/Suspected genetic disorders (e.g., Down syndrome, Cystic Fibrosis, Muscular Dystrophy) Primary immunodeficiency Prenatal genetics Prenatal genetics involves services for women either during or prior to a pregnancy. General indications for referral to genetic counseling in the preconception or prenatal setting may include, but are not limited to: Advanced maternal age (35 years old or older at time of delivery) Advanced paternal age Current pregnancy with anomalies identified by ultrasound (e.g. increased nuchal translucency measurements) Current pregnancy with an abnormal genetic screening test or test result Current pregnancy with risk of or concern for maternal exposures, such as medications, radiation, drugs/alcohol, or infections Consanguineous union (cousins or otherwise blood related) Family history of an inherited genetic condition or chromosome abnormality Genetic carrier screening for recessive and/or X-linked diseases History of a previous child with a birth defect, developmental delay, or other genetic condition History of infertility, multiple unexplained miscarriages or cases of unexplained infant deaths Molecular test for single gene disorder Prenatal genetic