Vietnamese Ê is the 9th letter of the Vietnamese alphabet and represents . In Vietnamese phonology, diacritics can be added to form five forms to represent five tones of ê: Ề ề Ể ể Ễ ễ Ế ế Ệ ệ Welsh In Welsh, ê represents long stressed e if the vowel would otherwise be pronounced as short : llên "literature", as opposed to llen "curtain", or gêm "game", as opposed to gem "gem, jewel". That is useful for borrowed words with a final stress like apêl "appeal". Other In Popido, a fictitious dialect of Esperanto made by Manuel Halvelik for use in literature, ê represents . It is only used epenthetically to break consonant clusters, especially before grammatical suffixes. Character mappings Unicode encoded 5 pairs of precomposed characters (Ề / ề, Ể / ể, Ễ / ễ, Ế / ế, Ệ / ệ) for the five tones of ê in Vietnamese. Two pairs of the five (Ế / ế and Ề / ề) can also be used as the second and fourth tones of ê in Pinyin. The first and third tones of ê in Pinyin have to be represented by combining diacritical marks, like ê̄ (ê&#772;) and ê̌ (ê&#780;). See also Circumflex References E-circumflex