to grow today. As genetic data has become more readily accessible, it is increasingly being used by ecologists to answer novel evolutionary and ecological questions, many with regard to how landscapes effect evolutionary processes, especially in human-modified landscapes, which are experiencing biodiversity loss. See also Agroecology Biogeography Conservation communities Concepts and Techniques in Modern Geography Ecology Ecotope European Landscape Convention Historical ecology Integrated landscape management Land change modeling Landscape epidemiology Landscape limnology Landscape planning Landscape connectivity Patch dynamics Total human ecosystem Sustainable landscaping Landscape architecture Land development Tobler's first law of geography Tobler's second law of geography References External links Computer sumulation "Substrate" launch applet creates fractal iterations that resemble urban streetscape. Algorithm written 2004 by Jared Tarbell Napolisoundscape Urban Space Research Systems ecology Biogeography Ecological restoration Environmental soil science Environmental design Habitat Landscape Applications of geographic information systems