Third Street resumed on January 23, 2021 along with the temporary resumption of the 15-Third Street on a new express route. N Judah, K/T Ingleside/Third Street, and S Shuttle subway service resumed on May 15, 2021, as did F Market & Wharves historic streetcar service. M Ocean View rail service resumed on August 14, 2021. Van Ness Bus Rapid Transit service began on April 1, 2022. System expansion Muni Metro and rail service Several proposals for Muni Metro and rail service expansion for Muni are undergoing planning and construction. In addition, several projects are underway to improve the effectiveness of existing lines, many as a part of the Muni Forward initiative. On February 19, 2016, Muni released a Draft Rail Capacity Study, which outlines proposed system improvements through the year 2050 and beyond. This three tier proposal consists of enhancements that will improve system efficiency and expand the system; estimated cost is $9–16 billion. The ConnectSF planning project, a cooperation between several city agencies including Muni, is also preparing plans for future subway and rapid transit corridor expansion. Service improvements for existing rail routes that are underway include the N Judah Rapid Project and L Taraval Improvement Project. Improvements on the J, K, and M lines are planned in the future. Central Subway An underground expansion for the T line opened on November 19, 2022 after ten years of construction. Full service began on January 7, 2023. Dubbed the Central Subway, the expansion features three new underground stations at Moscone Center, Union Square, and Chinatown and one above-ground station at 4th and Brannan Streets. Construction included tunneling up to Columbus Ave and Washington Square Park but the T line stopped at Chinatown. This project costed about $1.95 billion. Muni is also considering a future extension into North Beach and Fisherman's Wharf or to the Marina District and The Presidio which may be built in a third phase of the T Third project. Formal planning for the extension began in late 2018 with an Alternatives Study. Buses and streetcars The average speed of Muni vehicles has been slowly declining over the years due to increasing vehicular congestion and is now merely per hour. In response, Muni launched plans to make its transit vehicles move faster through the city. Muni Forward (previously called the Transit Effectiveness Project) was launched in May 2006 to take a comprehensive look at the entire Muni system