(Strychnos crevauxii)- mixed with kraraguero sap to increase the adhesion of the poison. An animal hit by a dart poisoned using the Piaroa recipe usually dies within fifteen minutes, depending on its body mass. In the Philippines, Borneo, and Sulawesi, the sumpit (or sumpitan) blowgun darts are typically coated in the sap of Antiaris toxicaria (upas) which causes convulsions and death by cardiac arrest. Uniquely among blowguns, sumpit are also commonly tipped with metal spearheads for use in close combat or when the ammunition is exhausted, functionally similar to bayonets. The Orang Asli of Peninsular Malaysia use the concentrated sap of Antiaris toxicaria (Malay : ipoh) to coat the point of their darts. See also Fukiya, Japanese blowgun Loire-style blowgun (French page) Sumpitan (weapon) References Further reading Speck, Frank G. "The Cane BlowGun in Catawba and Southeastern Ethnology" in American Anthropologist 40:2 (Apr.-Jun., 1938), pp. 198–204. Sustak, David. 2007. Fukiyado: The Way of the Sport Blowgun. 258 pp. Juan F. Marino, Sumpitan - Il Grande Libro della Cerbottana (le origini, la storia, la tecnica, lo sport), Edarc Edizioni, 2007 (only in Italian). 273 pp. Marinas, Amante P. Sr. 1999. "Pananandata Guide To Sport Blowguns." 110 pp. External links The Blowgun Forum Lefora Blowgun Forum Deutscher Blasrohr Verein France Sarbacane Sport Amateur Deutscher Blasrohr Sport Club International Fukiyado Association Japan Sports Fukiya Association United States Blowgun Association Cherokee blowgun Hunting by more natural methods from The Smoky Mountain News Ancient weapons Recreational weapons Primitive weapons Pneumatic weapons Indigenous weapons of the Americas