This is a list of heritage, private and preserved railways throughout the United Kingdom, the Crown dependencies, and British Overseas Territories whether operational or closed, that are operated for charitable purposes or shareholder profit. Some also provide economic local transport. For rail museums, see List of British railway museums. Many of the standard-gauge railways listed, including former branch lines and ex-mainline routes, were closed by British Railways under the Beeching Axe of the 1960s. Most have been restored and operate as heritage lines. A smaller number of lines were formerly industrial or colliery railways. Many of these preserved railways are mentioned in national and international tour guides, and visits may form part of a school curriculum or feature in other studies, including civil engineering, mechanics, social, economic and political history, visual arts and drama. This list also includes tramways. Nearly all tram services in Britain ended in the 1950s and early 1960s, leaving just Blackpool Corporation Tramways, although some big cities have since revived them in the late 20th century onwards. England East of England Standard gauge Colne Valley Railway, Castle Hedingham, Essex Epping Ongar Railway, Ongar, Essex Mid-Norfolk Railway, Dereham, Norfolk Mid Suffolk Light Railway, Brockford, Suffolk Nene Valley Railway, Wansford, Cambridgeshire North Norfolk Railway, Sheringham, Norfolk Railway centres and museums Bressingham Steam and Gardens, Diss, Norfolk East Anglian Railway Museum, Chappel & Wakes Colne Station, Essex Mangapps Railway Museum, Burnham-on-Crouch, Essex Railworld Wildlife Haven, Peterborough, Cambridgeshire Whitwell & Reepham Railway, Reepham, Norfolk Narrow gauge Bressingham Steam and Gardens, Diss, Norfolk Great Whipsnade Railway, ZSL Whipsnade Zoo, Bedfordshire Leighton Buzzard Light Railway, Bedfordshire Southend Pier Railway, Southend-on-Sea, Essex Waltham Abbey Royal Gunpowder Mills, Essex Yaxham Light Railway, Norfolk – private site Miniature gauge Audley End Railway, Essex Bure Valley Railway, Aylsham, Norfolk Bushey Miniature Railway, Bushey, Hertfordshire East Herts Miniature Railway, Ware, Hertfordshire Eaton Park Miniature Railway, Norwich, Norfolk Fancott Miniature Railway, Bedfordshire Rex Express, Paradise Wildlife Park, Hertfordshire Great Woburn Railway, Woburn, Bedfordshire Museum of Power, Langford, Essex Wells & Walsingham Light Railway, Wells-next-the-Sea, Norfolk Wells Harbour Railway, Wells-next-the-Sea, Norfolk Tramways East Anglia Transport Museum, Lowestoft, Suffolk East Midlands Standard gauge Battlefield Line, Shackerstone, Leicestershire Ecclesbourne Valley Railway, Wirksworth, Derbyshire Great Central Railway, Loughborough, Leicestershire Lincolnshire Wolds Railway, Ludborough, Lincolnshire Midland Railway – Butterley, Derbyshire Northampton & Lamport Railway, Pitsford and Brampton, Northamptonshire Northants Ironstone Railway, Hunsbury Hill, Northamptonshire Nottingham Heritage Railway, Ruddington, Nottinghamshire Peak Rail, Matlock, Derbyshire