Armed Forces Fiscal Information and Investigation Service Cuerpo Nacional de Policia Guardia Civil Customs Surveillance Service Federal Department of Justice and Police Federal Office of Police Federal Department of Finance Swiss Border Guard Swedish Border Police Korean Immigration Service, Ministry of Justice Korea Customs Service Immigration and Checkpoints Authority National Immigration Agency Customs Administration HM Revenue and Customs UK Border Force Immigration Enforcement Department of Homelend Security (DHS) U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP), a division of the DHS United States Border Patrol Transport Security Administration U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, or ICE United States Citizenship and Immigration Services Controversies Certain border control policies of various countries have been the subject of controversy and public debate. Australia: Offshore detention centres: Beginning in 2001, Australia implemented border control policies featuring the detention of asylum seekers and economic migrants who arrived unlawfully by boat in nearby islands in the Pacific. These policies are controversial and in 2017 the Supreme Court of Papua New Guinea declared the detention centre at Manus Island to be unconstitutional. The adherence of these policies to international human rights law is a matter of controversy. Travel restrictions on Australian citizens during the COVID-19 pandemic: During the COVID-19 pandemic, Australia adopted a policy of denying entry to its own citizens arriving from jurisdictions perceived to pose a high risk of COVID-19 transmission. Additionally, Australia adopted a broad policy of restricting entry to the country for all individuals located overseas, including Australian citizens, resulting in a large number of Australian citizens stranded abroad. Australia's policies with regard to its own citizens undermined the principle in international law that a state must permit entry to its own citizens, as enshrined in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. At the same time, the Australian government prohibited the majority of Australian citizens from exiting the country, even if they ordinarily reside overseas. Bhutan: Starting primarily in the 1990s, the Bhutanese government implemented strict restrictions on the country's ethnically Nepali Lhotshampa population and implemented internal border control policies to restrict immigration or return of ethnic Nepalis, creating a refugee crisis. This policy shift effectively ended previously liberal immigration policies with regards to Nepalis and counts among the most racialised border control policies in Asia. China: China does not currently recognise North Korean defectors as refugees and subjects them to immediate deportation if caught. The China-DPRK border is fortified and both sides aim