"" (, ) is the national anthem of Bangladesh. An ode to Mother Bengal, the lyrics were written by Bengali polymath Rabindranath Tagore in 1905, while the melody of the hymn was adopted from the Baul singer Gagan Harkara's song "Ami Kothay Pabo Tare" () set to Dadra Tala. The modern instrumental rendition was arranged by Bangladeshi musician Samar Das. Etymology The word literally means "made of gold", with meaning gold, and showing possession. It is used as a term of endearment meaning "beloved", but in the song the words may be interpreted to express the preciousness of Bengal. History The song was written in 1905 during the first partition of Bengal, when the ruling British Empire had an undivided province of Bengal Presidency split into two parts; the decision was announced on 20 July by the then-Viceroy of India Lord Curzon, taking effect on 16 October. This divide of Bengal, being along communal lines–East Bengal and Assam having a majority of Muslims and West Bengal having a majority of Hindus–is claimed to have undermined India's national movement against the UK's imperialism and to have been politically motivated. Along with a host of others, songs such as this were meant to rekindle the unified spirit of Bengal, to raise public consciousness against the communal political divide. The lyrics first appeared in the September issues of Bongodorshon and Baul simultaneously, in 1905. The song along with the musical notation (referred to as in Bengali), first appeared in the periodical musical journal Shongeet Biggnan Probeshika in the same month and year. Indira Devi, Tagore's niece, Satyendranath Tagore's daughter, jotted down the musical notation hearing it from Tagore himself (this was the common norm, Tagore singing the song, and someone formally jotting down the musical notations). Official adaption The first ten (10) lines of this song constitute Bangladesh's national anthem, adopted in 1971 during its liberation war. Only those lines are given in the following section. The instrumental orchestra rendition was composed by Samar Das. Lyrics Original poem The following provides the lyrics of the "" as written by Rabindranath Tagore. Only the first ten lines of this song currently constitute Bangladesh's national anthem. Lyrics as sung The following are the lyrics of the national anthem as sung, which differ slightly from the original poem. Notable performances and covers The Ministry of Cultural Affairs planned to stage an event on Bangladesh's 44th independence