1944 he composed the earliest known work of tape music, or musique concrète, called The Expression of Zar, which he composed in Egypt, while still a student in Cairo, by capturing sounds from the streets of Egypt on a wire recorder. The Egyptian electronic music scene has gained a mainstream foothold in the forms of techno, trance, and dance pop DJs such as Aly & Fila. In the 2010s, Mahraganat music, an Egyptian form of electronic music which often contains political lyrics, gained popularity both inside and outside Egypt. Reconstruction of ancient Egyptian music In the 20th and early 21st centuries, interest in the music of the pharaonic/ancient Egyptian period began to grow, inspired by the research of such foreign-born musicologists as Hans Hickmann, who lived and worked in Egypt. By the early 21st century, Egyptian musicians and musicologists led by the Egyptian musicology professor Khairy el-Malt at Helwan University in Cairo had begun to reconstruct musical instruments of ancient Egypt, a project that is ongoing. See also Egyptian contemporary art Music of Mesopotamia Notes and references Further reading Lodge, David and Bill Badley. "Partner of Poetry". 2000. In Journal of the History of Ideas, October 2014, Vol. 75, No. 4 (October 2014), pp. 545–580 Peterson, Jennifer and Karin van Nieuwkerk. Playing with spirituality: the adoption of mulid motifs in Egyptian dance music Contemporary Islam, 2008, 2(3), 271–295. Rehding, Alexander. "Music-Historical Egyptomania, 1650-1950." Journal of the History of Ideas 75.4 (2014): 545–80. External links Audio clips: Traditional music of Egypt. Musée d'ethnographie de Genève. Accessed November 25, 2010. Egyptian music and dance Books Ghostly Echoes: an essay on Egypt and its contemporary music! An essay on Egypt and its contemporary music- drummers of the nile Church Hymns-coptic multimedia library ترانيم كنسية - مكتبة الوسائط المتعددة القبطية Egyptian culture Egyptian musical instruments Ancient Egyptian musical instruments Ancient Egypt