Brazilian Information Access Law: (top secret), (secret) and (restricted). A top secret () government-issued document may be classified for a period of 25 years, which may be extended up to another 25 years. Thus, no document remains classified for more than 50 years. This is mandated by the 2011 Information Access Law (), a change from the previous rule, under which documents could have their classification time length renewed indefinitely, effectively shuttering state secrets from the public. The 2011 law applies retroactively to existing documents. Canada Background and hierarchy The government of Canada employs two main types of sensitive information designation: Classified and Protected. The access and protection of both types of information is governed by the Security of Information Act, effective 24 December 2001, replacing the Official Secrets Act 1981. To access the information, a person must have the appropriate security clearance and the need to know. In addition, the caveat "Canadian Eyes Only" is used to restrict access to Classified or Protected information only to Canadian citizens with the appropriate security clearance and need to know. Special operational information SOI is not a classification of data per se. It is defined under the Security of Information Act, and unauthorised release of such information constitutes a higher breach of trust, with a penalty of up to life imprisonment if the information is shared with a foreign entity or terrorist group. SOIs include: military operations in respect of a potential, imminent or present armed conflict the identity of confidential source of information, intelligence or assistance to the Government of Canada tools used for information gathering or intelligence the object of a covert investigation, or a covert collection of information or intelligence the identity of any person who is under covert surveillance encryption and cryptographic systems information or intelligence to, or received from, a foreign entity or terrorist group Classified information Classified information can be designated Top Secret, Secret or Confidential. These classifications are only used on matters of national interest. Top Secret: applies when compromise might reasonably cause exceptionally grave injury to the national interest. The possible impact must be great, immediate and irreparable. Secret: applies when compromise might reasonably cause serious injury to the national interest. Confidential: disclosure might reasonably cause injury to the national interest. Protected information Protected information is not classified. It pertains to any sensitive information that does not relate to national security and cannot be