Gisbertus Voetius (1589-1676), Dutch theologian, served from 1634 as professor in theology at the University of Utrecht. Noted opponent of Cartesianism. Painting The best known Dutch painters of the 17th century include: Frans Hals (ca. 1583–1666), portraits, schutterstukken, regent groups, genre pieces (inns, figures) Hendrick Avercamp (1585–1634), landscapes with snow Hendrick Terbruggen (1588–1629), historical and biblical paintings Willem Claeszoon Heda (1594–1680), still lifes Jan van Goyen (1596–1656), landscapes Pieter Jansz Saenredam (1597–1665), church interiors, cityscapes Salomon van Ruysdael (ca. 1600–1670), landscapes Adriaen Brouwer (c. 1605–1638), genre pieces (inns) Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn (1606–1669), historical and biblical paintings, portraits, schutterstukken, regent groups, genre pieces (figures) Jan Lievens (1607–1674), historical and biblical paintings, portraits Adriaen van Ostade (1610–1684), genre scenes of peasant life Willem van de Velde, the elder (ca. 1611–1693), seascapes Bartholomeus van der Helst (1613–1670), portraits, schutterstukken, regent groups Jan Both (1615–1652), Italian landscapes Govert Flinck (1615–1660), historical and biblical paintings, portraits, schutterstukken Ferdinand Bol (1616–1680), historical and biblical paintings Emanuel de Witte (ca. 1617–1692), church interiors Gerard Terborch (1617–1681), portraits, genre pieces (family scenes) Philips Wouwermans (1619–1668), landscapes Aelbert Cuyp (1620–1691), Italian and Dutch landscapes Carel Fabritius (1622–1654), historical and biblical paintings, genre pieces (figures) Paulus Potter (1625–1654), animals in landscapes Jan Steen (1626–1679), genre pieces (inns, family scenes) Jacob Isaakszoon van Ruisdael (c. 1628–1682) Gabriel Metsu (1629–1667), genre pieces (family scenes) Pieter de Hooch (1629–1683), genre pieces (family scenes) Johannes Vermeer (1632–1675), cityscapes, genre pieces (family scenes) Nicolaes Maes (1634–1693), portraits, genre pieces (family scenes, figures) Meindert Hobbema (1638–1709), landscapes For a more comprehensive listing, see the List of Dutch painters. Less famous painters from this period were: Cornelis Ketel (1548–1616), portraits, schutterstukken Hendrik Goltzius (1558–1617), landscapes Abraham Bloemaert (1564–1651), historical and biblical paintings, landscapes Michiel Janszoon van Miereveld (1567–1641), portraits Johannes Anthoniszoon van Ravesteyn (ca. 1570 – 1657), portraits Ambrosius Bosschaert (1573–1621), flowers Floris Claeszoon van Dijck (1575–1651), still lifes Roelant Savery (1576–1639), landscapes Cornelis van der Voort (1576–1624), portraits, schuttersstukken Jan Pynas (ca. 1580–1633), historical and biblical paintings Pieter Pieterszoon Lastman (1583–1633), historical and biblical paintings Jan Porcellis (1584–1632), sea sights Cornelis van Poelenburgh (1586–1667), Italian landscapes Hercules Seghers (ca. 1589–1638), landscapes Gerhard van Honthorst (1590–1656), historical and biblical paintings, genre pieces (family scenes, figures) Dirck van Baburen (ca. 1590–1624), genre pieces (figures) Cornelis Hendrickszoon Vroom (ca. 1591–1661), sea sights Esayas van der Velde (ca. 1591–1630), landscapes Dirck Hals (1591–1656), genre pieces (family scenes, figures) Willem