The Dutch Golden Age was a period in Dutch history, roughly equivalent to the 17th century, in which Dutch trade, science and art were top ranking in the world until Tulip Mania in 1637 and onwards. The accompanying article about the Dutch Golden Age focuses on society, religion and culture. There are also articles about the Eighty Years' War (the Dutch revolt against Spain) and the Anglo-Dutch Wars. A concise broader picture is painted in History of the Netherlands. People are listed here per category in order of year of birth. Note: Many Dutchmen from this period had a middle name ending in szoon, which means son of. It is also commonly written as sz., for instance Rembrandt Harmensz. van Rijn. Sciences and philosophy Carolus Clusius (1526–1609), Flemish doctor and botanist Jan Leeghwater (1575–1650), hydraulic engineer Willebrord Snellius (1580–1626), Dutch astronomer and mathematician Hugo Grotius (1583–1645), Dutch jurist and philosopher, who laid the foundations for international law Isaac Beeckman (1588–1637), Dutch philosopher David Gorlaeus (1591-1612), Dutch natural philosopher and proponent of atomism Jan Amos Comenius (1592–1670), Czech educator and writer René Descartes (1596–1650), French philosopher lived in Holland from 1628 to 1649 Franciscus Sylvius (1614–1672), German-born Dutch physician Frans van Schooten (1615–1660), Dutch mathematician Johannes Phocylides Holwarda (1618-1651), Dutch natural philosopher and proponent of atomism John Locke (1632–1704), English philosopher, exiled in Holland (1683–1688) Nicolas Steno (1638–1686), Danish Catholic bishop and scientist Menno van Coehoorn (1641–1704), Dutch military engineer Christiaan Huygens (1629–1695), Dutch mathematician, physicist and astronomer Jan Swammerdam (1637–1680), Dutch biologist and microscopist Frederik Ruysch (1638–1731), Dutch botanist and anatomist Regnier de Graaf (1641–1673), Dutch physician and anatomist Pierre Bayle (1647–1706), French philosopher and writer Simon Stevin (1548–1620), Flemish-Dutch mathematician and engineer Baruch de Spinoza (1632–1677), Dutch Jewish philosopher Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1632–1723), Dutch scientist and businessman, first microbiologist Nicolaes Tulp (1593–1674), doctor, magistrate, and mayor of Amsterdam Bernard Mandeville (1670–1733), Dutch philosopher, political economist and satirist Cornelis Corneliszoon (1550–ca. 1600), inventor of the wind-powered sawmill Govert Bidloo (1649–1713), physician, anatomist and author who wrote the anatomical atlas Anatomia Humani Corporis Frederik de Wit (1630–1706), engraver, cartographer and publisher Petrus Plancius (1552–1622), Dutch astronomer and cartographer Jodocus Hondius (1563–1612), Flemish-Dutch cartographer Willem Blaeu (1571–1638), Dutch cartographer Joan Blaeu (1596–1673), Dutch cartographer, Willem Blaeu's son Religion Jacobus Arminius (1560–1609), Dutch theologian, served from 1603 as professor in theology at the University of Leiden Gerardus Vossius (1577-1649), Dutch theologian and humanist