and denotes . This sound is also represented in Romanian as letter â. The difference is that â is used in the middle of a word, as in , but î is used at the beginning or the end of a word: (understanding), (to hate). A compound word starting with the letter î retains it, even if it is in the middle of the word: (misunderstanding). However, if a suffix is added, the î changes into â, as in the example: (to hate), (hated). Turkish In Turkish, î can indicate the sound in Arabic loanwords where it is used as an adjectival suffix that makes an adjective from a noun: askerî (military), millî (national), dâhilî (internal) etc. Welsh In Welsh, î is used to represent long stressed i when, without the circumflex, the vowel would be pronounced as short ( , the mutated form of "team"), as opposed to "no, nought, nothing". Filipino In Tagalog and other Philippine languages, the circumflex, also called as 'Pakupyâ', is used to indicate a (stressed) Glottal stop 'ʔ'. It is however not used in casual text, but used in formal writing and to differentiate between Homographs. e.g.: 'Pinunò' means 'leader'. 'Pinunô' means 'filled'. Other usage In mathematics The letter is sometimes used to denote a unit vector in physics Character mappings See also Circumflex ^I References I-circumflex Romanian language Friulian language