following. A syllabic voiced alveolar nasal consonant ( in IPA) is notated as MaIlDeCVoeIpvnnAPpaatdtltnransnsfSpvavdtlvtnransssfTpgagdtlwvtitvransnsfSrpFSs In Pike's notation there are 5 main components (which are indicated using the example above): M – manner of production (i.e., MaIlDe) C – manner of controlling (i.e., CVoeIpvnn) description of stricture (i.e., APpaatdtltnransnsfSpvavdtlvtnransssfTpgagdtlwvtitvransnsf) S – segment type (i.e., Srp) F – phonetic function (i.e., FSs) The components of the notational hierarchy of this consonant are explained below: See also English Phonetic Alphabet Eye dialect Orthographic transcription Phonetic spelling Phonetics Pronunciation respelling for English Pronunciation spelling Romanization Transliteration Notational systems Americanist phonetic notation ARPABET Cyrillic phonetic alphabet International Phonetic Alphabet Comparison of ASCII encodings of the International Phonetic Alphabet SAMPA X-SAMPA IPA chart for English RFE Phonetic Alphabet, (Revista de Filología Española) Stokoe notation to represent sign languages Uralic Phonetic Alphabet (UPA) Visible Speech Teuthonista Bibliography Albright, Robert W. (1958). The International Phonetic Alphabet: Its Background and Development. International Journal of American Linguistics (Vol. 24, No. 1, Part 3); Indiana University Research Center in Anthropology, Folklore, and Linguistics, publ. 7. Baltimore. (Doctoral dissertation, Stanford University, 1953). Canepari, Luciano. (2005). A Handbook of Phonetics: Phonetics. München: Lincom Europa, pp. 518. (hb). Ellis, Alexander J. (1869–1889). On Early English Pronunciation (Parts 1 & 5). London: Philological Society by Asher & Co.; London: Trübner & Co. International Phonetic Association. (1949). The Principles of the International Phonetic Association, Being a Description of the International Phonetic Alphabet and the Manner of Using It, Illustrated by Texts in 51 Languages. London: University College, Department of Phonetics. International Phonetic Association. (1999). Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A Guide to the Use of the International Phonetic Alphabet. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (hb); (pb). Jespersen, Otto. (1889). The Articulations of Speech Sounds Represented by Means of Analphabetic Symbols. Marburg: Elwert. Kelly, John. (1981). The 1847 Alphabet: An Episode of Phonotypy. In R. E. Asher & E. J. A. Henderson (Eds.), Towards a History of Phonetics. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. Kemp, J. Alan. (1994). Phonetic Transcription: History. In R. E. Asher & J. M. Y. Simpson (Eds.), The Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics (Vol. 6, pp. 3040–3051). Oxford: Pergamon. MacMahon, Michael K. C. (1996). Phonetic Notation. In P. T. Daniels & W. Bright (Ed.), The World's Writing Systems (pp. 821–846). New York: Oxford University Press. . Pike, Kenneth L. (1943). Phonetics: A Critical Analysis of Phonetic Theory and a Technique for the Practical Description of