States and extreme southern Ontario. It is naturalized in parts of the western United States as well as in Ontario and southern Quebec, parts of Europe, and scattered locations in Latin America. Ecology The flowers bloom in the summer for about 2 months and are very attractive to hummingbirds, and many types of birds like to nest in the dense foliage. Moths, bees, flies, and ants also feed on the nectar of the flowers. The flowers are followed by large seed pods. As these mature, they dry and split. Hundreds of thin, brown, paper-like seeds are released. These are easily grown when stratified. Larvae of the Clydonopteron sacculana (trumpet vine moth) feed on the seed pods. Cultivation The trumpet vine grows vigorously. In warm weather, it puts out aerial rootlets that grab onto every available surface, and eventually expand into heavy woody stems several centimeters in diameter. It grows well on arbors, fences, telephone poles, and trees, although it may dismember them in the process. Ruthless pruning is recommended. Outside of its native range this species has the potential to be invasive, even as far north as New England. The trumpet vine thrives in many places in southern Canada as well. Away from summer heat, C. radicans is less profuse of flower. A larger-flowered hybrid 'Mme Galen' was introduced about 1889 by the Tagliabue nurserymen of Lainate near Milan. The form C. radicans f. flava has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit. Toxicity The plant can cause contact dermatitis. References External links Campsis radicans images at bioimages.vanderbilt.edu radicans Vines Flora of North America Garden plants of North America Plants described in 1753 Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus