example for many colleagues, built the Mauritshuis in The Hague (1635), the Dam Palace in Amsterdam (1648–1655), which was originally the town hall, now a royal palace Less famous architects from this period were: Hans Vredeman de Vries (1527–1606), architect in Antwerp, used a lot of ornamentation Arent van 's-Gravenzande (..-1662), built De Lakenhal (1639) and the Marekerk (1638–1640), both in Leiden, and the Oostkerk (1646) in Middelburg Philip Vingboons (1607–1678), built many canal houses in Amsterdam in classicistic style Pieter Post (1608–1669), built Huis ten Bosch in The Hague (1645-) Adriaen Dortsman (1625–1682), built the Lutheran Church in Amsterdam Elias Bouman (1636–1686), built the Portuguese-Israelitic Synagogue in Amsterdam (1671/1675) Maurits Post (1645–1677), built Slot Amerongen (1676) Literature The most famous Dutch men of letters of the 17th century were: Joost van den Vondel (1587–1679), poet and playwright, who wrote more than 30 plays, many of those based on biblical stories. After The Gijsbrecht (see above) his best known drama is Lucifer (1654). He translated many French, Italian, Latin and Greek works. A recurring theme is man's inner conflicts, on the one hand rebellious, on the other hand pledging obedience to God. Gerbrand Adriaensz. Bredero (1585–1618), poet (sonnets) and dramatist (comedies), his most famous comedy, De Spaanse Brabander (English: The Spanish Brabanter), describes the seamy side of life in Amsterdam Pieter Corneliszoon Hooft (1581–1647), historian, poet and dramatist, who wrote Nederlandsche Historiën (English: Dutch History), which was never completed, but highly valued. His poetry was of high standard as well. He introduced French and Italian lyricism into Dutch poetry. Jacob Cats (1577–1660), poet, famous for his moralistic writings. Houwelijck and Trouringh (English:Marriage and Wedding ring) are two major volumes to educate the Dutch about these serious affairs. Indeed, his all too serious tone, lacking humour and esprit, made him a lesser writer than the three named above, and sometimes the object of mockery. His Kinderen zijn hinderen (English: Children are a nuisance) is still a Dutch saying, often followed by the remark that Cats probably had forgotten that he had been a child himself. Less famous literary men from this period were: Roemer Visscher (1547–1620), writer of epigrams and emblemata Karel van Mander (1548–1606), wrote the Schilderboeck, a book about painting, and also several biographies about painters Justus de Harduyn (1582–1636), poet from the southern Low Countries Samuel Coster (1579–1665), good friend of Bredero, founder of the First Dutch Academy