heritable cardiovascular diseases and promoting cascade family screening or testing of at-risk relatives. Common referral reasons include: Cardiomyopathy, including, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and familial idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy Arrhythmia, including Long QT syndrome and Brugada syndrome Vascular disease, including Marfan syndrome and aortic aneurysm and/or dissection (<50 years old) Congenital heart defects (e.g. conotruncal defects, left ventricular outflow tract defects) Familial hypercholesterolemia Family history of unexplained sudden death Guidelines on cardiovascular genetics are published by multiple professional societies. Hereditary cancer genetics Cancer genetic counselors see individuals with a personal diagnosis and/or family history of cancer or symptoms of an inherited cancer syndrome. Genetic counselors take a family history and assess for hereditary risk, or risk that can be passed down from generation to generation. If indicated, they can coordinate genetic testing, typically via blood or saliva sample, to evaluate for hereditary cancer risk. Personalized medical management and cancer screening recommendations can be provided based on results of genetic testing and/or the family history of cancer. While most cancers are sporadic (not inherited), some are more likely to have a hereditary factor, particularly when occurring at young ages or when clustering in families. These include common cancers such as breast, ovarian, colon and uterine cancers, as well as rare tumor types. General referral indications can include, but are not limited to: Personal or family history of cancer with unusually young age of onset (e.g. breast cancer under age 45, colon cancer under age 50) Diagnosis of a tumor or cancer with a high likelihood to be hereditary (e.g. male breast cancer, triple negative breast cancer, ovarian cancer, metastatic or high-grade prostate cancer, pancreatic cancer, retinoblastoma, adrenocortical carcinoma, pleuropulmonary blastoma, neuroendocrine tumor, medullary thyroid cancer, pheochromocytoma or paraganglioma) Personal or family history of bilateral cancers (e.g., both breasts or both kidneys) or multiple primary tumors in one person Features associated with an inherited cancer syndrome (e.g. more than 10 adenomatous polyps, rare types of gastrointestinal polyps, such as hamartomatous polyps), or specific skin findings like café au lait macules or freckling on the lips Family history of related cancers clustered on the same side of the family (e.g. breast/ovarian, colon/uterine, sarcoma/leukemia/brain) Family history of a known inherited cancer syndrome (e.g. hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome, hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer, Li-Fraumeni syndrome) Individuals of Ashkenazi Jewish ancestry with a personal and/or family history of breast, ovarian, or pancreatic cancer Possible germline (inherited) genetic mutation