to cover their deficit for a time with a colonial gold flow, but the benefits of specialization and trade over the longer term were illusive." Ireland 1780s The Kingdom of Ireland imported Portuguese wine at the low Methuen tariffs, but was banned under the Navigation Acts from exporting. In 1779, Ireland was granted "free trade", but Portugal imposed higher tariffs on Irish textile imports than on English ones, arguing it was outside the terms of the Methuen treaty. This was a tactic in Portugal's broader attempt to make Britain renegotiate the Methuen treaty. As the dispute dragged on, Ireland imposed higher tariffs on Portuguese goods, and the Irish Volunteers' 1782 Dungannon resolutions included calls for a boycott of its wines. The 1786 Eden Agreement between Britain and France caused Portugal to relent in 1787 and allow Ireland low tariffs. References Further reading Francis, A.D. "John Methuen and the Anglo-Portuguese Treaties of 1703". The Historical Journal Vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 103–124. 1703 in England 1703 in Portugal 1703 treaties 18th-century military alliances Treaties of the Kingdom of Portugal Military alliances involving England Military alliances involving Portugal Commercial treaties 18th-century economic history War of the Spanish Succession Anglo-Portuguese treaties