At the Battle of Shiloh, he commanded the 3rd brigade of Maj. Gen. Lewis Wallace's division, but failing health compelled his retirement from active service, and he resigned on April 19, 1862. Whittlesey returned to service in September 1862, serving on Wallace's staff, providing assistance directing civilian and military labor for the defense of Cincinnati. Following the passing of the Confederate threat to the city, Whittlesey again returned to civilian life. He then resumed the geological exploration in the Lake Superior and upper Mississippi basin, and continued his literary labors. In 1867, he was active in the founding of the Western Reserve and Northern Ohio Historical Society, of which he was president until his death in 1886. He was elected a member of the American Antiquarian Society in 1870. Due to his work describing early North American indigenous people, an archaeological designation, the Whittlesey culture, describing people who lived in Northeast Ohio from A.D. 1000 to 1600, was named in his honor. Works Whittlesey's bibliography included about 200 titles. In addition to his reports for the geological surveys, he published in the “Smithsonian Contributions”: Historical collections of Ohio : containing a collection of the most interesting facts, traditions, biographical sketches, anecdotes, etc. (1848) Descriptions of Ancient Works in Ohio (Washington, 1851) On Fluctuations of Level in the North American Lakes (1860) Ancient Mining on the Shores of Lake Superior (1863) On the Fresh-Water Glacial Drift in the Northwestern States (1866) He is also the author of: Life of John Fitch, in Sparks's “American Biography” (Boston, 1845) Early History of Cleveland and Vicinity (Cleveland, 1867) Notes References Tribble, Scott, "Living in the Past: Charles Whittlesey," Timeline (Ohio Historical Society, April-June 2008) External links Guide to Charles Whittlesey, Letter 1880 at the University of Chicago Special Collections Research Center 1808 births 1886 deaths 19th-century American geologists 19th-century American archaeologists People of Ohio in the American Civil War Union Army colonels Members of the American Antiquarian Society People from Southington, Connecticut 19th-century archaeologists Scientists from Connecticut Scientists from Ohio