atlases were of Europe and the Mediterranean Sea and 5 were of the world. These include: Unnamed map (1519), a map featuring data from recent voyages combined with existing beliefs dating back to Claudius Ptolemy. Some geographic features of the map include a land mass stretching from the southern Atlantic to the southern Indian Oceans and connecting Brazil to the Malacca Peninsula, and Ptolemy's Sinus Magnus (Great Gulf). Homem's map shows the Mundus Novus Brasil in the West joined to the Mundus Novus Terra Incognita in the South and Malaca in the East, all enclosing the Oceanus Meridionalis and Indicum Mare (Atlantic and Indian Oceans). This is apparently an adaptation of Ptolemy’s enclosed Indian Ocean, enlarged following the discovery of a sea route south of Africa by Bartolomeu Dias (1488) and Vasco da Gama (1497). This revised concept was explained by Duarte Pacheco Pereira in Esmeraldo de Situ Orbis (1508) and expressed on Homem’s map. Pereira said: "the Ocean does not surround the earth as the philosophers have declared, but rather the earth surrounds the sea, and it lies in its hollow and centre. And from this I conclude that the Ocean is nothing other than an enormous lake in the hollow of the earth and that the earth and the sea together make up a single roundness". A similar concept is shown in the world map in the c.1553 manuscript of al-Qazwini (see Kujata). Miller Atlas (1519), later named after Emmanuel Miller, who purchased it in 1855. The atlas has been in the possession of the National Library of France since 1897. Others who worked on this atlas include Pedro and Jorge Reinel and António de Holanda. "Terra Brasilis" - Southwestern Atlantic Ocean with Brazil. It describes Indigenous Brazilians as "savage and very brutal." This is the first map showing Portuguese trade and has detailed Latin nomenclature, featuring 146 names. The map shows the Brazilian coast from Maranhão to the Rio da Prata and shows Indigenous Brazilians engaging in the export of Brazilwood. Coats of arms over present-day Guyana and Argentina show areas of Portuguese and Spanish colonization. China Sea with the Moluccas. One side shows the Magnus Sinus (the Gulf of Thailand and the South China Sea) and the other shows the China Sea with the Moluccas and also features rhumb lines. Northern Indian Ocean with Insulindia on the Left, and Madagascar on the Right. One side shows