Madame Maria de Victorica, or Baroness Maria von Kretschamn, (1878, Posen, Prussia - 1920, New York, United States) was the daughter of a Prussian cavalry officer, Baron Hans von Kretschman, and Countess Jenny von Gustedt, a diplomat. She was also the granddaughter of the illegitimate child of Jenny von Pappenheim and Jérome Bonaparte. She is known for her espionage activities during World War I. She also used the alias Marie de Vussière, and was said to dominate many European languages with fluency and had many university degrees. She came to South America when she was 25 years old, to visit some relatives living in the continent. Once she was here, apparently she married with the first of her three husbands, although his identity isn't clear. Some source states that she married an Argentinean man that died shortly after marriage, but some other sources state that her last husband was, indeed, an Argentinean man called Manuel Gustave de Victorica, arrested in Pontalier, France, on 10 January 1917 and charged of espionage. This latest version seems to be the most accurate. She was accused of being involved in plot actions, mostly to organize disturbs amongst the Irish community living in the United States, and to import high explosives into the U.S. by means of hollow figurines of Saints and the Virgin Mary. She was a noble, fashionable and rich woman, and that was part of her strategy to move inside the United States. Even her most fashionable clothes served as a masquerade to hide her espionage actions, for example the usage of silk mufflers to hide invisible ink in which to write secret messages to other German spies. She was under the direction of Herman Wessels, but Herbert Yardley stated that her intelligence was superior to her masculine boss. In his memoirs about his service at MI-8, called The American Black Chamber, Yardley devoted an entire chapter to describe the plot of Mme. Victorica, and wrote about her that However, the digitized copy belonging to the Rufus A. Long Digital Archive of Cryptology has notations made by other specialists in cryptanalisis, like William F. Friedman, or Charles J. Mendelsohn. There are several notations made in this particular chapter, most of them belonging to A. J. M. Grail, in charge of secret ink section, Captain, MID, Washington, during World War. In those notations, made by Grail, it's stated that "Victorica was quite harmless.