integrated, this book shares the insights of Avis’s long experience as a parish priest as well as a theologian. His book Becoming a Bishop: Theological Handbook of Episcopal Ministry (Bloomsbury/T&T Clark, 2015), which was written at the request of the Secretary-General of the Anglican Communion, bridges practical theology and the Anglican tradition. Anglicanism A theme of special interest throughout Avis's publications is the identity of Anglicanism. This section deals with three aspects which are of particular relevance to Avis's view on Anglicanism in the contemporary ecumenical context. Catholic and Reformed According to Avis, the Anglican churches are both Catholic and Reformed. They are Catholic because they claim to be a manifestation of the Christian Church as the creed confesses it, but also because they are consciously aware of their continuity with the pre-Reformation Church. The Catholicity of Anglicanism is visible through its adherence to scripture, the ancient creeds, the central sacraments of baptism and the eucharist, and the ministry of bishops, priests and deacons in apostolic succession. Simultaneously, the Anglican churches are Reformed because since the Reformation they are aware that scripture is the only ultimate check of any teaching and practice of the church, and because they do not deny the qualification of a "true church" to Protestant churches without bishops. Avis roots the "Catholic and Reformed" character of Anglicanism in historical research (especially in Anglicanism and the Christian Church and Beyond the Reformation?) and applies this insight both internally (reviewing the diverse "schools" of Anglican thought) and externally (in Anglicanism's ecumenical relations). Episcopacy Whether a church should have the episcopal ministry (bishops) to be a "true church" is a highly important question in ecumenical dialogue. It has to with "academic" reflection about the essence and structure of the church, but also with the very practical question whether churches without bishops can be affiliated to Anglican churches at several levels of "communion" (mutual recognition and participation). Avis's view on episcopacy is nuanced. On the one hand, he affirms the episcopal character of Anglicanism and does not believe that any future uniting church, involving Anglican churches, can do without bishops. On the other hand, he does not "unchurch" non-episcopal churches; that is, he does not deny that non-episcopal churches are true churches with true sacraments. Avis deduces this position from the theological and practical history of the Church of England, in which other churches were not denied their ecclesiality, but