Bukit Duabelas (meaning The Twelve Hills) is a relatively small national park covering 605 km² in Sumatra, Indonesia. It is representative of lowland tropical rain forests in the province of Jambi. Only the northern part of the park consists of primary rainforest, while the rest is secondary forest, as result of previous logging. The park is inhabited by the indigenous Orang Rimba. Geography The national park is named after its hilly landscape, that include the hills of Punai (164m), Panggang (328m) and Kuran (438m). The area is important water catchment area for the Batang Hari watershed. Flora and fauna Among the 120 plant species in the park there are Eusideroxylon zwageri rare timber trees, Koompassia excelsa trees that can grow over 80m high, Dyera costulata trees than can have up to 2m diameter and rattan palms. Among the endangered animals protected in the park are the siamang, clouded leopard, Java mouse-deer, sun bear, Sumatran muntjac, leopard cat, hairy-nosed otter, dhole, Sumatran striped rabbit and the crested serpent eagle. Human habitation The park is inhabited by the nomadic Orang Rimba ('people of the forest'). Around 40% of Orang Rimba (ca.1,200) live in the Bukit Duabelas National Park, while another 15% live in the neighbouring Bukit Tigapuluh National Park and the remaining are dispersed throughout Jambi province. Their empowerment to continue their traditional cultivation, hunting and gathering is seen as key to the protection of the forest within the national park. Conservation and threats Before being declared a national park in 2000, a large part of the area was used as "production forest", leading to a high rate of primary forest destruction. The national park is threatened by deforestation, with 70% of its forest cover damaged as of 2012. References External links Ministry of Forestry: Brief description Sager, Steven: "Orang Rimba Customs and Beliefs in the Bukit Duabelas Region of Jambi, Sumatra" PhD Thesis 2008 National parks of Indonesia Protected areas of Sumatra Protected areas established in 2000 Geography of Jambi Tourist attractions in Jambi 2000 establishments in Indonesia