The Fascist Civil and Military Order of the Roman Eagle founded in 1942 with civil and military divisions, was abolished in Italy in 1944; although it continued to be awarded by Benito Mussolini in the short-lived Italian Social Republic until 1945. A self-styled order of the same name was founded by Romano Mussolini, fourth and youngest son of Benito Mussolini, in 1997. Degrees The various degrees of the order, with corresponding ribbons, were as follows: The separate Order of the Patron Saints of Italy (Ordine dei Santi Patroni d'Italia), St. Francis of Assisi and St. Catherine of Siena, was also conferred by the so-called Republic of Salò between February and April 1945. An organisation of this name was also founded by Romano Mussolini in 1997. Recipients Karl von Eberstein Fritz Frauenheim Arthur Laumann Victor Emmanuel III of Italy See also List of Italian orders of knighthood Colonial Order of the Star of Italy External links Ordine dell'Aquila Romana Ordine dei Santi Patroni d'Italia References Italian Fascism Roman Eagle, Order of the Italian Social Republic 1942 establishments in Italy 1945 disestablishments in Italy Roman Eagle, Order of the Roman Eagle, Order of the Military awards and decorations of Italy