resistance in the Battle of Poznań (1945), and was finally taken by the Red Army on 23 February 1945. The main redoubt was seriously damaged in the fighting. After the war, the fort was the site of public executions by hanging. The very last of these was that of the German SS functionary Arthur Greiser. In the period 1963-1970 the Fort was developed into the city's Park Cytadela. Most of the fortifications were demolished, although some structures were preserved. The site is listed as one of Poland's official national Historic Monuments (Pomnik historii), as designated November 28, 2008, along with other portions of the city's historic core. Its listing is maintained by the National Heritage Board of Poland. References Jacek Biesiadka, Andrzej Gawlak, Szymon Kucharski, Mariusz Wojciechowski: Twierdza Poznań. O fortyfikacjach miasta Poznania w XIX i XX wieku, Poznań 2006, Wydawnictwo Rawelin, Commonwealth War Graves Commission: Poznań Old Garrison Cemetery Winiary 1830 establishments in Prussia