All-Asian Satellite Television and Radio Operator, doing business as Astro, is a Malaysian satellite television and IPTV provider. It operates in Malaysia and Brunei and operates from the All Asia Broadcast Centre (AABC) in Kuala Lumpur and MEASAT in Cyberjaya. In 2016, the company was recorded as achieving 71% household penetration in Malaysia. It was granted an exclusive license as the sole pay-television provider by the Malaysian federal government until 2017. Astro is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Astro Malaysia Holdings Berhad and is operated by MEASAT Broadcast Network Systems Sdn. Bhd. Astro launched the high-definition platform Astro B.yond in 2009 and the IPTV platform Astro IPTV in 2011, with the latter targeted at consumers who were unable to receive the company's satellite services. Astro formerly operated in Indonesia from 2006 to 2008, under the brand and was operated by PT Direct Vision. List of Astro digital brands Astro Awani - Astro's Flagship News Network. Gempak - Malay entertainment website. Rojak Daily - Gempak's subpage; originally as standalone website. Go Shop - Home shopping service under the joint venture with GS Group – Astro GS Shop Sdn Bhd. Sooka - Television streaming service, served as Astro content platform. Stadium Astro - Sports news website. Ulagam - Indian news and entertainment website. Xuan - Chinese news and entertainment website. Hotspot - Xuan's subpage; originally as standalone website. Criticism and controversies Monopoly over paid television market Astro has been criticised for its monopolistic practices in which it has become the dominant paid television service in Malaysia while its competitors ABNXcess, Mega TV, and MiTV were not able to compete against Astro and became defunct after Astro's launch. Astro was the sole paid television operator in Malaysia until 2017 when another competitor, Telekom Malaysia's Unifi TV, emerged as a strong cord-cutting alternative. The Malaysian government's plan to regulate Android-based set-top boxes in 2019 raised concerns that Astro's dominance over the country's television content market would be enhanced. While Astro's exclusive rights to Malaysian broadcast content expired in 2017, the company continues to have non-exclusive broadcast privileges under the Communications and Multimedia Act 1998. Starting in 2022, the Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission will provide Content Applications Service Provider (CASP) licenses to 35 broadcasting companies, four of which are approved to deliver content via satellite television. Sports content dispute Astro has also enjoyed control of the broadcasting rights for sports events, including all Liga Super