the Huguenot Tunnel, the Tsitsikamma Toll Road, the N2 tolls on the KwaZulu-Natal coast, and the N1 tolls in the Free State and Limpopo. It also owns and operates toll roads which are not National Routes (but are Provincial Routes), with an example being the Brandford Toll Plaza on the R30 section of the R30/R730/R34 ZR Mahabane Highway north of Bloemfontein. Contributions to Palaeontology and modern science In the mid-1980s, a road bypass was constructed around Grahamstown (now Makhanda), to prevent traffic between Port Elizabeth and East London from driving through the townships following Apartheid uprisings (which were progressively getting more heated at the time), making it unsafe for motorists. In 1999 the newly constituted SANRAL tendered for upgrades of an unstable road cutting along this route. This road cutting contained an important 360 million year old fossil site previously researched by Dr Robert W. Gess. In 1999 SANRAL teamed up with Dr Gess to assist with salvage blocks of a black shale from the cutting to prevent their loss to science. This and further salvage of shale blocks during further work on the cutting by SANRAL contractees in 2007-2008, and their subsequent ongoing excavation, led to the revelation of the now world renowned Waterloo Farm lagerstätte, the only estuarine fossil site in the world from about 360 million years ago, with exceptional soft-tissue preservation. A few of the note-worthy fossils from Waterloo Farm include those of the first four-legged creatures (tetrapods) from Africa - Tutusius umlambo and Umzantsia amazana, as well as many other vertebrates such as Placodermi (eg. Bothriolepis africana; Groenlandaspis riniensi), Acanthodii (eg. Diplacanthus acus), Chondrichthyes (eg. Antarctilamna ultima), Actinopterygii and Sarcopterigii (eg. Serenichthys kowiensis). Agnatha included the worlds oldest fossil lamprey (Priscomyzon riniensis), the recently described juvenile which overturned our assumptions about vertebrates ancestry. The site has also revealed invertebrate remains including the scorpion Gondwanascorpio emzantsiensis, the oldest land animal from Gondwana, and a diverse flora of plants including Archaeopteris notosaria, Africa's earliest woody tree. In addition to numerus undescribed taxa and those currently being described (Housed at the Devonian Ecosystems Lab, Albany Museum, Makhanda), Dr Gess and his team still has decade's worth of work ahead from the excavated blocks that were rescued from the road works with the help of SANRAL. See also National Route (South Africa) e-toll (South Africa) References External links SANRAL News Archive Road transport in South Africa Transport operators of