with Colombia over the fate of Íngrid Betancourt, and with Mexico over Florence Cassez. Relations with Canada under Stephen Harper are quite close. The election of US President Donald Trump and the candidacy of Marion Maréchal-Le Pen reflect the parallel rise of nationalistic sentiments among conservatives in both the United States and France, perceiving immigration and globalism as threats to prosperity and security. France now has three overseas departments in the Americas: Guadeloupe, Martinique and French Guiana and three overseas collectivities: Saint Pierre et Miquelon, Saint Martin and Saint Barthélemy. In 2015, Martinique joined the Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS); this was followed by Guadeloupe in 2019 which acquired associate member status, and the Collectivity of Saint Martin which was also admitted as an observer member of the bloc. There is also uninhabited Clipperton Island off the west coast of Central America. See also France–Africa relations France–Asia relations French colonial empire French colonization of the Americas Overseas France CARIFORUM, as part of EU-African, Caribbean and Pacific Group of States EU-ACP Economic Partnership Agreements) ACP-EU Development Cooperation Association of Caribbean States (ACS) Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States Notes Further reading Anderson, Fred. Crucible of War: The Seven Years' War and the Fate of Empire in British North America, 1754–1766 (2007). Blumenthal, Henry. France and the United States; Their Diplomatic Relation, 1789–1914 (1970). Boucher, Philip P. France and the American Tropics to 1700: Tropics of Discontent? (2007). Brazeau, Brian. Writing a new France, 1604–1632: empire and early modern French identity (2009). Dickason, Olive Patricia. The Myth of the Savage: and the Beginnings of French Colonialism in the Americas (1984). Eccles, W. J. The Canadian Frontier, 1534–1760 (1983). Eccles, W. J. France in America (1990). Moogk, Peter N. La Nouvelle France: the making of French Canada: a cultural history (2000). Roberts, Walter Adolphe. The French in the West Indies'' (1971). Foreign relations of France Politics of the Americas