of a poem with a consistent metre may be foregrounded by changing the number of syllables it contains. This would be an example of a deviation from a secondary norm. In the following poem by E. E. Cummings, there are two types of deviation: light’s lives lurch a once world quickly from rises army the gradual of unbeing fro on stiffening greenly air and to ghosts go drift slippery hands tease slim float twitter faces Only stand with me, love! against these its until you are, and until i am dreams... Firstly, most of the poem deviates from 'normal' language (primary deviation). In addition, there is secondary deviation in that the penultimate line is unexpectedly different from the rest of the poem. Nursery rhymes, adverts and slogans often exhibit parallelism in the form of repetition and rhyme, but parallelism can also occur over longer texts. For example, jokes are often built on a mixture of parallelism and deviation. They often consist of three parts or characters. The first two are very similar (parallelism) and the third one starts out as similar, but our expectations are thwarted when it turns out different in end (deviation). See also Defamiliarization Glossary of rhetorical terms Rhetorical device Stylistics (linguistics) Effects of foregrounding - research coalition References Linguistics Rhetoric Stylistics