J. Howard Wert (1841-1920) was an author, educator, and Civil War veteran and collector. Family and youth John Howard Wert was born on February 12, 1841, near Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, to a prosperous and prominent Pennsylvania German family, the only son of Adam and Catherine Houghtelin Wert. His father was a successful farmer and businessman and a veteran of the War of 1812; his grandfather and great-grandfather served in the American Revolution. All four generations had strong abolitionist views and Adam Wert was a close friend of Thaddeus Stevens. J. Howard Wert attended Pennsylvania College (now Gettysburg College) where he and other members of his local fraternity were active in the Underground Railroad. Wert graduated in 1861 and became a teacher. Civil War In the summer of 1863 the Army of Northern Virginia invaded Pennsylvania. A member of the Adams Rifles militia unit, Wert served as a scout for the Union forces, gathering information on Rebel strength in Chambersburg before the Battle of Gettysburg. On the first day of the battle, he guided the First Corps to the Seminary and assisted in the retreat to Cemetery Hill. On July 2 he helped Union forces reach Little Round Top when it was threatened on the left of the Union line; that night he led Geary's Division back to Culp's Hill on the Union right. On the final day of the battle he helped reinforcements reach Cemetery Ridge to repel Pickett's Charge. In the days following the battle Wert walked the battlefield gathering artifacts left by the soldiers who fought there. Wert carefully notated exactly where each piece was discovered, which provided valuable information for later researchers. This was the basis for his Civil War collection, described during his lifetime as "Probably the rarest and most valuable private collection of war relics from the battlefields of the Civil War . . ." Wert enlisted on September 8, 1864, in Company G of the 209th Pennsylvania Volunteers, serving as sergeant and 1st Sergeant before being commissioned 2nd Lieutenant on February 13, 1865. The unit served in the Army of the James and the Army of the Potomac and saw action during the Siege of Petersburg, helping to repulse the attack on Fort Stedman. Author and educator After the war Wert served as the principal of Gettysburg High School and later as Superintendent of Adams County Schools. In 1875, he moved to Harrisburg where he