to physicians and hospitals for medical trials, which had a commercial value of many thousands of pounds. In 1878, three years after disclosing the formula of Warburg's Tincture, he was described as living in "deplorable circumstances" and "in need of the commonest necessaries of life". In 1882 the British Government gave Warburg £200 in recognition of his work. In 1890, aged 86, Carl Warburg was described as living in "great poverty" with two widowed daughters with children to support; a subscription fund was set up for his benefit. Marriage and children Carl Warburg married his first wife, Helena, in c. 1827. They separated in c. 1848. His second wife was Emma with whom he cohabited until they married in c. 1877. He had a daughter (bn. c. 1828) via Helena, and at least eight children via Emma, namely: Margaus (bn. c. 1853), Hermann (bn. 1855), Fritz [aka Frederick] (bn. c. 1858), Carl [aka Charles] (bn. c. 1859), Emma (bn. c. 1861), Florence (bn. c. 1865), Charlotte (bn. c. 1866), and Mectildis (bn. c. 1867). Footnotes Further reading Sparkes, Roland – article, 'Dr Carl Warburg, his Belmont laboratory, and his famous fever drug', 2003/2009 Roland Sparkes's Warburg's Tincture Website 1800s births 1892 deaths 19th-century British botanists 19th-century British chemists British pharmacologists 19th-century English medical doctors 19th-century German botanists 19th-century German chemists German emigrants to England German pharmacologists Naturalised citizens of the United Kingdom Carl Heidelberg University alumni