as to value will normally save the contract with the ‘poor and ignorant person’, the master of the ship drifting onto the rocks would still have been open to exploitation even if he had had the entire House of Lords on board to advise him." Legal use Schroeder Music Publishing Co Ltd v Macaulay [1974] 1 WLR 1308, 1316, per Lord Diplock: “To be in a position to adopt this [‘take it or leave it’] attitude toward a party desirous of entering into a contract to obtain goods or services provides a classic instance of superior bargaining power.” Consumer laws F Kessler, ‘Contracts of Adhesion--Some thoughts about Freedom of Contract’ (1943) 43 Columbia Law Review 629, 631-2 "In so far as the reduction of costs of production and distribution thus achieved is reflected in reduced prices, society as a whole ultimately benefits from the use of standard contracts… The use of contracts has, however, another aspect which has become increasingly important. Standard contracts are typically used by enterprises with strong bargaining power. The weaker party, in need of the goods or services, is frequently not in a position to shop around for better terms, either because the author of the standard contract has a monopoly (natural or artificial) or because all competitors use the same clauses. His contractual intention is but a subjection more or less voluntary to terms dictated by the stronger party, terms whose consequences are often understood only in a vague way, if at all." Lowe v Lombank [1960] 1 WLR 196, Diplock J talking about ignorant consumers getting hire purchase goods not being of equal bargaining power Williams v. Walker-Thomas Furniture Co., 350 F.2d 445 (CA DC 1965) a loan agreement made so no furniture bought could be paid off unless the whole lot was. Uniform Commercial Code §2-302 Lloyds Bank Ltd v Bundy [1975] QB 326 Law Commission, Second Report on Exemption Clauses in Contracts (No 69) Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977 Courage Ltd v Crehan (2001) Case C-453/99, [31]-[33], regarding damages for breach of competition laws, the European Court of Justice said, "... a litigant should not profit from his own unlawful conduct, where this is proven. In that regard, the matters to be taken into account by the competent national court include the economic and legal context in which the parties find themselves and, as the United Kingdom Government rightly points out, the