Macgrath - Director-General, Army Medical Department, Madras, India. Dr Joseph Johann Knolz - head of the civilian medical department of the Austrian Empire. Dr Rieken - Belgium, physician to Leopold I of Belgium. Count E Bylandt M.D. - physician to William II of the Netherlands Dr Salgues - Dijon, France. Dr Uyttrhoven - Brussels, Belgium. Detractors, secret remedy As a consequence of Warburg's Tincture being sold as a secret, proprietary remedy, many in the medical profession, particularly in England, derided, distrusted and dismissed it as a 'patent medicine' or 'quack medicine', and disliked it and criticised Carl Warburg on grounds of professional ethics. Status, entries in pharmacopoeia, formulary and other pharmaceutical compendia Warburg's Tincture was adopted by the Austrian empire as an official medicine in 1847; it was added to the Austrian 'Materia Medica' under the name 'Tinctura Warburgi'. Warburg's Tincture appeared in the first edition of Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (now known as Martindale: The complete drug reference) in 1883, and was included until the 19th edition of 1928. Warburg's Tincture was included in the National Formulary Section of The Dispensatory for the United States of America in the 20th edition in 1918, listed under the entry for 'Tinctura Antiperiodica'. The Pocket Formulary, and synopsis of the British & Foreign pharmacopoeias: comprising standard and approved formulae for the preparation and compounds employed in medical practice London, by Henry Beasley. Included in various editions, e.g. 1851 (fifth edition), 1856, 1877. Jahresbericht der Pharmazie, 1910, Munich, Germany. Warburg's Tincture is now obsolete as a medicinal drug. It last appeared in the Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia in 1928. Properties / formula The formula of Warburg's Tincture was disclosed by its inventor in November 1875 when it was published in The Lancet and The Medical Times on his behalf - see below. Ingredients and directions for preparation Warburg's Tincture therefore contained quinine in addition to various purgatives, aromatics and carminatives. The ingredient Confection Damocratric is a complex preparation which has not been obtainable for over a century; it contained many different aromatic substances. The prepared chalk was used to correct the otherwise extremely acrid taste of the tincture. Dosage A bottle of Warburg's Tincture contained about one ounce of liquid. The drug was to be administered in two equal doses, a few hours apart. See also History of malaria History of medicine Pharmacology Clinical pharmacology Pharmaceutical drug Antimalarial drugs Tropical disease List of