Urine diversion, also called urine separation or source separation, refers to the separate collection of human urine and feces at the point of their production, i.e. at the toilet or urinal. Separation of urine from feces allows human waste to be treated separately and used as a potential resource. Applications are typically found where connection to a sewer-based sanitation system is not available or areas where water supplies are limited. To achieve urine diversion, the following technical components are used: waterless urinals, urine diversion toilets, urine piping to a urine storage tank (or to a sewer) and a reuse or treatment and disposal system for the urine. Urine diversion toilets may, or may not, mix water and feces, or some water and urine. They never mix urine and feces. A toilet used to facilitate the separation of human waste products is called a urine diversion toilet or UDT. The bowl usually has two separate receptacles which may or may not be flushed with water. If flushed, the toilet is usually referred to as a urine-diversion flush toilet or UDFT. If not flushed, it is a dry toilet with either drying or composting for the feces. If the collected feces are dried, it is called a urine-diverting dry toilet or UDDT (also called urine-diversion dehydration toilet). If the collected feces are composted, it is called a urine-diverting composting toilet. Some technologies applied as part of an ecological sanitation concept use urine diversion. There are several commercially available urine diversion toilets (UDT) and urine diversion dry toilets (UDDT). Many look like a conventional sit-down or squat toilet and the bowl is divided into two sections, with the front section collecting urine and the rear section feces. Design considerations Purpose Reasons for urine diversion which are relevant for all types of UD systems: to reduce water consumption to be able to collect urine, pure and undiluted, so that it can – after sanitization by storage – be safely used as fertilizer in agriculture. Reasons for keeping urine and feces separate in a dry toilet compared to a pit latrine can be to: reduce odour (a mix of urine and feces causes substantial odour); avoid production of wet, odorous faecal sludge, which has to be removed by someone when the pit latrine is full; enable fast drying of feces which makes handling of feces more simple and hygienic; reduce environmental impacts; allow for the