The 4th Virginia Volunteer Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment raised in southwestern Virginia for service in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. It fought in the Stonewall Brigade, mostly with the Army of Northern Virginia. Though it suffered heavy losses, two surviving officers resumed political careers after the conflict and won election to the U.S. House of Representatives, and several more served in the Virginia General Assembly. Units The 4th Virginia was assembled at Winchester, Virginia, in July, 1861. James F. Preston was its colonel, joined by Lewis T. Moore as Lt.Col., Major Josiah Kent, Surgeon Joseph Crockett, Asst. Surgeon Lafayette H. Jordan, and Quartermaster Andrew E. Gibson. Its companies were from the counties of Wythe, Montgomery, Pulaski, Smyth, Grayson, and Rockbridge. By the end of the month, after the First Battle of Manassas its Company K (the "Rockbridge Rifles") transferred to the 5th Virginia Infantry and were replaced by another company raised in Montgomery County but without a distinctive name. On July 15, 1861, it joined the 2nd Virginia, 5th Virginia, 27th Virginia, 33rd Virginia and a four-gun battery known as the Rockbridge Artillery to become the First Brigade of Virginia (nicknamed the "Stonewall Brigade" following the First Battle of Manassas). As discussed below, its commanders were by Generals Stonewall Jackson, and later R.B. Garnett, Winder, Paxton, and finally James A. Walker, and William Terry (both of whom began as company captains in this unit). Campaigns The regiment fought at First Manassas, having arrived by train on Saturday, July 20. Their stout defense of Henry House Hill during that engagement led South Carolina General Barnard Bee to characterize their commander General Jackson as a stone wall, hence the brigade name. Jackson reportedly ordered the 4th Virginia, "Reserve your fire until they come within 50 yards! Then fire and give them the bayonet! And when you charge, yell like furies!" That mid-afternoon charge possibly became the first use of the Rebel Yell. However, a bullet in the knee ended Lt. Col. Moore's military service; Col. Preston also fell wounded. The regiment's 31 dead and 100 wounded were the highest losses in the brigade, even if one thrice-wounded sergeant whose disability ended his military career would later become Attorney General of Virginia William A. Anderson. The 4th's men recovered and drilled for next months, and Jackson was promoted to Major General, with James Preston becoming the interim