the artillery of 4th Indian Infantry Division and then forced to retrace its steps as a result of lack of supply. Eighth Army thus regained the initiative and by January had pushed the Axis forces out of Cyrenaica. During Crusader on 27 November 1941, Galloway was promoted acting major-general, to become Deputy Chief of the General Staff (DCGS) at GHQ Middle East. He replaced Neil Ritchie, who had assumed command of Eighth Army. In recognition of his efforts in North Africa, Galloway was awarded the Distinguished Service Order and Mentioned in Despatches in December. In his new role Galloway spent some time in the United States selecting equipment for the Eighth Army before returning to London in May 1942 to take up the important role of Director of Staff Duties at the War Office. His rank was upgraded from an acting one to a temporary one in December 1942 and, in July 1943, he was appointed to command 1st Armoured Division which was re-fitting in North Africa having fought through the North Africa Campaign since the Battle of Gazala. During the division's period of re-fitting and training in North Africa Galloway's rank of major-general was made substantive in December 1943 and then in March 1944 he had an interlude in Italy when the commander of 4th Indian Infantry Division, which was in the front line at Cassino fell ill. Galloway arrived to take temporary command on 8 March 1944, in time for the Third Battle of Monte Cassino. In ten days of desperate fighting the Germans succeeded in holding the Allied attack and by 25 March the effort was called off. Galloway's division had to be withdrawn, having sustained some 3,000 casualties during its time at Cassino, and Galloway returned to 1st Armoured Division. In May 1944 1st Armoured Division was moved to Italy but Galloway saw no action with his division as, in poor health as a result of his time at Cassino, he was shipped back to the UK in mid-August to recuperate. In early 1945, returned to good health, Galloway spent a month in command of 3rd Infantry Division while Lashmer Whistler took leave. During the winter of 1944/45 the Germans, responding to civil disobedience in the Netherlands, closed the canals thus preventing the distribution of food and fuel. A District HQ was set up under Galloway who together with Gerald Templer, 21st Army Group's Director of