of the city, royal documents do not record him with the army after 11 July, just before the siege of Andújar. He had not joined the army until shortly before 23 May at Toledo and had missed the capitulation of Calatrava on 11 January. The anonymous author of the Poema names Ramiro second of the great nobles in the following of Alfonso VII at Almería: Ramiro was an elder statesman during the reign of Alfonso's successor in León, Ferdinand II. On 23 May 1158 he was the first-named guarantor of Ferdinand II in the Treaty of Sahagún, which ended a state of war between Ferdinand and his brother, Sancho III of Castile. Ramiro's death probably occurred in 1169. His obituary is recorded in the records of the church of San Isidoro, where he is buried. In the seventeenth century, historian José Pellicer de Ossau y Tovar said of "Ramiro Frolaz" that "he was one of the greatest grandees Spain had, and his name endures in the histories from the year 1120 down to 1168." Notes Bibliography Barton, Simon (1992). "Two Catalan magnates in the courts of the kings of León-Castile: The careers of Ponce de Cabrera and Ponce de Minerva re-examined." Journal of Medieval History, 18:3, 233–66. Barton, Simon (1997). The Aristocracy in Twelfth-century León and Castile. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Barton, Simon (2000). "From Tyrants to Soldiers of Christ: The Nobility of Twelfth-century León-Castile and the Struggle Against Islam." Nottingham Medieval Studies, 44. Barton, Simon (2006). "The 'Discovery of Aristocracy' in Twelfth-Century Spain: Portraits of the Secular Élite in the Poem of Almería." Bulletin of Hispanic Studies, 83. Barton, Simon and Richard A. Fletcher (2000). The World of El Cid: Chronicles of the Spanish Reconquest. Manchester: Manchester University Press Cadenas Allende, Francisco de, "Los Flagínez: una familia leonesa de hace mil años," Estudios genealógicos, heráldicos y nobiliarios en honor de Vicente de Cadenas y Vicente, 2 vols. (Madrid, 1978), I, 177-211. Canal Sánchez-Pagín, José María (1986). "El conde leonés Fruela Díaz y su esposa la navarra doña Estefanía Sánchez (siglos XI–XII)." Príncipe de Viana, 47:177, 23–42. Estepa Díez, C. (1977). Estructura social de la ciudad de León (siglos XI–XIII). León. Lipskey, Glenn Edward (1972). The Chronicle of Alfonso the Emperor: A Translation of the Chronica Adefonsi imperatoris. PhD dissertation, Northwestern University. Martínez Sopena, P. (1985). La Tierra de Campos Occidental: poblamiento, poder y comunidad del siglo X al XIII.