onset sepsis in neonates. In a randomized controlled trial of 3,003 very low birth weight (VLBW) infants, Heart Rate Characteristics (HRC) monitoring reduced all-cause mortality by 22%, mortality after infection by 40%, reduced length of stay in the NICU after controlling for improved survival, and reduced mortality as well as mortality-or-severe-cerebral-palsy at 18–22 months corrected age among the extremely low birth weight (ELBW) patients. Neonatal Early-Onset Sepsis Calculator From 1993 to 2007, doctors at Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program hospitals, Brigham Women's Hospital, and Beth Israel-Deaconess Medical Center conducted a nested case-control study in an effort to create a better quantitative method for determining risk factors for neonatal early-onset sepsis. The study examined over 600,000 live births of infants born less than or equal to 34 weeks gestation. The study used measures of health available at the time of birth such as highest intrapartum maternal temperature, rupture of membranes, whether or not the mother has group b streptococcus, and if the mother was given any intrapartum antibiotics. Intrapartum prophylaxis is a strategy for "the secondary prevention of early-onset GBS disease in newborns" that could lead to EOS. The Sepsis Risk Calculator (SRS) is meant to be another clinical measure that physicians can use in conjunction with physical examination. An evaluation of the SRS was done in an independent retrospective cohort study by doctors at a University Hospital in Greece. The study aimed to "compare our clinical practice based on risk-factor guidance with that projected through the application of the SRC". The study incorporated 2,084 infants and found that "The adoption of SRC would have significantly reduced antibiotic usage; however, a significant portion of cases with clinical EOS would have been missed". Another study evaluated the impact of Integrating the SRC into the electronic health record in order to "improve compliance and accuracy through automation". The study concluded that the integration of the EOS into the electronic health record system "significantly increased calculator accuracy". References External links Infections specific to the perinatal period Neonatology