absolute displacement of Germans from the area of the new Polish territories but he also proposed action to destroy German industry, making the transformation of the occupied country into a peaceful agrarian society. For this purpose the number of Germans should be reduced, by expelling them e.g., to Africa. It is significant that he recognized Austrians as innocent and even believed that future peaceful revival of German culture will come from their country. The views expressed at that time were not isolated, they reflect the thinking of the time, popular with both street people and some intellectuals, infected by memories of the war that just ended. He was an opponent of the death penalty and is quoted as saying: "Only those judges who execute personally should have the right to impose capital punishment". In June 1946, was appointed as the member of the Supreme National Tribunal. He retired in 1960. Publications References External links Biography (Polish) PWN Polish Encyclopaedia article (Polish) 1877 births 1965 deaths 19th-century Polish Jews 20th-century Polish judges Lawyers from Warsaw Officers of the Order of Polonia Restituta