the successors of Sancho the Great. He reassures Paternus that he has heard a good report about Ramiro from Sancho, Bishop of Pamplona, and that he has instructed the Cluniac monks to recite the psalms for the benefit of Ramiro. His reference to the threat ab incursione paganorum et a persecutione falsorum Christianorum (from the incursion of the pagans [Moors] and the persecution of false Christians [his brothers]) indicates he was unaware that Ramiro had allied with his Muslim neighbours. References Literature Charles Julian Bishko. 1980. "Fernando I and the Origins of the Leonese-Castilian Alliance With Cluny." Studies in Medieval Spanish Frontier History. London: Variorum Reprints. Originally published in Cuadernos de Historia de España, 47(1968):31–135, and 48(1969):30–116. Ángel Canellas López. 1979. "García Sánchez de Nájera, Rey de Pamplona (1035–1054)." Cuadernos de investigación: Geografía e historia, 5(2):135–156. Gonzalo Martínez Díez. 2005. El condado de Castilla, 711–1038: La historia frente a la leyenda. Marcial Pons Historia. Justo Pérez de Urbel. 1954. "La división del reino por Sancho el Mayor." Hispania, 14(54):3–26. Notes External links Historia Militar de España: Batalla de Tafalla (1035) Tafalla Tafalla 1035 in Europe 11th century in Al-Andalus 11th century in Navarre Taifa of Zaragoza 11th century in Aragon