Science had a profound impact on the study of the neurophysiology of echolocating bats. This paper describes the response properties of auditory neurons in the bat central nervous system that show facilitated responses to pairs of sounds separated by a limited range of biologically relevant delays. These neurons exhibit the response characteristic known as "echo delay-tuning or "range-tuning, which could provide the neural substrate for target distance coding. The published report on this population of delay-tuned neurons by Simmons and colleagues preceded the first papers by Nobuo Suga and his group, who have since published widely on this topic. In the past five years, Simmons has used new methods for making thermal infrared video recordings of bats flying in natural situations. He developed a stereo video viewing system that lets him observe bats in 3D and listen to their sounds while they behave. These studies have led to new discoveries that challenge our understanding of echolocation behavior in bats. Awards and honors 1965: James McKeen Cattell Prize, Lafayette College Psychology Department. 1969: National Institutes of Health Research Scientist Development Award 1996: Elected a fellow of the Acoustical Society of America 2000: Elected a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science 2005: Silver Medal in Animal Bioacoustics, Acoustical Society of America, "for contributions to understanding bat echolocation." Scientific Publications Simmons has published extensively, with over 95 journal articles in prestigious journals including 8 in Science, 2 in Nature, and 20 in the Journal of the Acoustical Society of America (JASA). See also Animal Echolocation Acoustical Society of America Brown University References External links Simmons' home page at Brown University Year of birth missing (living people) Living people University of Oregon faculty Lafayette College alumni Princeton University alumni Brown University faculty Fellows of the Acoustical Society of America Fellows of the American Association for the Advancement of Science