The Bowdoin Prizes are prestigious awards given annually to Harvard University undergraduate and graduate students. From the income of the bequest of Governor James Bowdoin, AB 1745, prizes are offered to students at the University in graduate and undergraduate categories for work in the English Language, in the Natural Sciences, in Greek, and in Latin. Each winner of a Bowdoin Prize receives, in addition to a sum of money, a medal, a certificate, and his or her name printed in the Commencement Program. The award was established in 1791, and past winners include (with year of award and professional highlights): Jared Sparks, 1815, historian and president of Harvard Ralph Waldo Emerson, 1820 and 1821, essayist and poet Charles Sumner, 1830 and 1832, politician and US Senator Jones Very, 1835 and 1836, Transcendentalist essayist and poet Richard Henry Dana, Jr., 1837, lawyer and politician Edward Everett Hale, 1838 and 1839, author and historian Charles L. Flint, 1849, lawyer, horticulturalist, president of what is now University of Massachusetts Amherst Horatio Alger, Jr., 1851, prolific author of "rags to riches" novels Henry Adams, 1858, historian and author Richard Theodore Greener, 1870, statesman and dean of Howard University School of Law George Lyman Kittredge, 1881 and 1882, educator and scholar in English literature Alain LeRoy Locke, 1907, first African-American Rhodes Scholar, academic, writer, and "Father of the Harlem Renaissance" R. Nathaniel Dett, 1920, composer George Frazier, 1933, journalist Nathan Pusey, 1934, president of Harvard Daniel J. Boorstin, 1934, Rhodes Scholar, historian, and winner of the Pulitzer Prize Howard Nemerov, 1940, poet and winner of the Pulitzer Prize and National Book Award I. Bernard Cohen, 1941, historian of science Robert Galambos, 1941, neuroscientist Arthur Kinoy, 1941, attorney and civil rights leader Constantine Cavarnos, 1947, teacher, author, monk Henri Dorra, 1949, art historian Christopher Lasch, 1954, professor, author, historian, and social critic John Updike, 1954, writer Allen G. Debus, 1957 and 1958, historian of science Larry Siedentop, 1959, Marshall Scholar, political philosopher Edward Said, 1960, Palestinian essayist and academic James Samuel Gordon, 1961 and 1962, author, psychiatrist, and mind-body medicine expert Patrick T. Riley, 1966 and 1967, political science professor Robert Kirshner, 1970, astrophysicist Paul Starr, 1974, professor of sociology and public affairs Ralph Jay Hexter, 1974, professor of classics and comparative literature and provost of UC Davis James D. Weinrich, 1975, sex researcher and psychobiologist Robert W. Brooks, 1975, mathematician John Glover Roberts, Jr., 1976,