efficient heterotrophs, they produce more energy photosynthetically due to their lack of a calcified skeleton. The lack of a skeleton allows more light to reach the chloroplasts. To digest prey, it uses both extracellular and intracellular methods. References http://www.advancedaquarist.com/issues/feb2003/invert.htm http://www.sealifebase.org/summary/speciessummary.php?id=44798 http://www. Thecephalopodpage.org/MarineInvertebrateZoology/Zoanthussociatus.html http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/umrsmas/bullmar/1983/00000033/00000001/art00009 http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/bscb.19810900913/abstract Zoanthus Animals described in 1786