an appeal to scrutiny of elections can be lodged to the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany within another two months. This appeal has to be joined by 100 eligible voters. If the veto is successful, the affected member will lose his or her seat in parliament. This member can in turn file a lawsuit against the adjudication. No appeal to scrutiny of elections against decisions made by the German has thus far been successful. Party structure Membership Political parties are required to be membership-based, and the party determines its membership based upon its own bylaws, i.e., the party itself determines who can join, leave, and who is excluded from the party. Applications for membership may be rejected without justification, and party bylaws may impose requirements and restrictions on membership, but may not discriminate based on gender, age, religion or ethnicity. All parties have membership fees, which range from 0.5%–4.0% of members' salaries, with reduced fees for low-income members. There is no collective membership. (For example, some countries' labor unions have enrolled its members in parties automatically.) As parties can reject applications without justification, it is possible to discriminate unofficially. The feminist party even calls all its members women in its bylaws, but claims this term also applies to men. Governance Full membership assemblies are used at the local- or district-level, but most parties rely on delegate assemblies ( or party conventions) above district-level, although all established parties use non-binding full membership referendums for important decisions such as leadership selection. Appointment of candidates The parties' right to propose candidates Only parties that have been represented in the Bundestag or a Landtag by at least five delegates since the last election are entitled to propose their own candidates. Other parties have to announce their candidature to the Federal Returning Officer in time, i.e. not later than 90 days before the election day of periodic elections of the Bundestag. They must have been accepted as a party by the Federal Electoral Committee beforehand. Proposal of candidates for constituencies The applicants from a party must be elected in a democratic and secret election by an assembly of the party members in a constituency or by a similar board appointed by the party. Every party member entitled to vote is allowed to propose candidates. A candidate does not have to be a member of the party. Since the 2009 German Bundestag elections no member of