is also a high potential for them to be spread through ballast water. Through these mechanisms Paracerceis sculpta has spread to Australia, Brazil, the Atlantic coast of Europe, Hawaii, Hong Kong, the Mediterranean and Japan. The wide range of water temperatures in its native range is thought to contribute to its ability to be spread by shipping. References Further reading Sphaeromatidae Crustaceans of the eastern Pacific Ocean Crustaceans described in 1904