he carried out raids on Cheng and attempted to contain it. In 309, Cheng faced its greatest challenge yet when Luo Shang launched an offensive to support rebelling Cheng administrators. Despite losing many key commanderies early on, Cheng was ultimately successful at recovering their territory and driving Jin out by 311, partly due to Luo Shang's death in 310 which prompted infighting among his generals. During this period, Cheng was less active in expanding compared to Han Zhao. Their most significant gain came in 314, when rebels in Hanzhong submitted to Cheng. Apart from the wars in the north, major rebellions in Hubei and Hunan helped prevent Jin forces in the south from concentrating their resources to end the conflict in Sichuan. Between 303 and 304, a Man official, Zhang Chang led a revolt that spread across Jingzhou, Jiangzhou, Xuzhou, Yangzhou and Yuzhou, consisting of refugees and those evading a draft to fight in Yizhou. In 311, a Han official, Du Tao led a refugee uprising against Jin in Jingzhou and Xiangzhou (湘州; in modern Hunan) that lasted until 315. However, unlike the rebellion in Sichuan, the revolts in Hubei and Hunan were ultimately put down by Jin. Disaster of Yongjia and Jin defeat The Jin dynasty was ineffective in its attempts to halt the uprising. The Jin capital, Luoyang was open to Liu Yuan's son Liu Cong (who was now commander of the rebellious forces), and he attacked Luoyang twice in 309 and 310, without success. However, in the wake of the War of the Eight Princes, the Jin Chancellor, Sima Yue, was deeply suspicious of his subordinates and Emperor Huai of Jin. Yue feared that he would be overthrown, and combined with Han Zhao's attack on Luoyang, he left the capital with 40,000 troops to Xiang County (項縣; in present-day Shenqiu County, Henan) in 310, ostensibly to campaign against Shi Le. The relationship between Sima Yue and Emperor Huai reached its breaking point after Emperor Huai conspired with Yue's powerful general, Gou Xi to campaign against him. Sima Yue discovered the conspiracy, but was so overwhelmed with stress that he became ill and later died. After Sima Yue's death, the main Jin forces in Henan, led by Wang Yan, decided to proceed to his peerage in Donghai to hold his funeral. However, Shi Le was able to track down the funeral procession. Shi Le ambushed and defeated Wang