that enabled the construction of the aqueduct prohibited Los Angeles from selling the water outside of the city limits. For the Valley communities, the choice was consent to annexation or do without. On March 29, 1915, by a vote of 681 to 25, residents of of the San Fernando Valley (excluding Rancho El Escorpión and the communities of Owensmouth, Lankershim, Burbank and San Fernando) voted to be annexed by the City of Los Angeles. Owensmouth was annexed in 1917, West Lankershim in 1919, Chatsworth in 1920, and Lankershim in 1923. Small remote portions of the north and west Valley were annexed piecemeal even later: most of Rancho El Escorpión in 1958 and the remainder of Ben Porter's ranch as late as 1965. Burbank and San Fernando remain independent cities to this day. References: San Fernando Valley Movie Making 1912 to 1915 San Fernando Valley History of the San Fernando Valley to 1915 Rancho Providencia First Movie Town 1912 Providencia Ranch Oak Crest - Universal/Bison 101 Movies Nestor Studios valley ranch Universal City the two valley ranch locations Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Hollywood Hills) Movie location Other references''' "San Fernando Valley" By Marc Wanamaker (2011) Page 97, 103, and 106 "Oak Crest, a film city by itself" The New York Dramatic Mirror - January 15, 1913 page 49. "Universal City Visit" Rotarian February 1914 "Early Universal City"; by Robert S. Birchard "A Motion Picture City ..." Daily Advocate, October 2, 1914 Page 6 "Scrap it" the Old Universal - 1915 Universal Tour Brochure The Cowboys, Indians and zoo 1914 first assets to be moved to the new Universal City. [Motion Picture World] "The Theatre of Science; a volume of progress and achievement in the motion picture industry" by Robert Grau : Page 287 - 1914 Broadway Pub. Co. New York The Life & Adventures of Carl Laemmle; by John Drinkwater (Carl Laemmle views Nestor ranch and names the area Universal City)) "Quiet on the Set" - Iverson Movie Ranch History 1984 Universal History 1912 to 1915 - "Frickr Universal Image collection" by Dennis Dickens. See also Ranchos of California History of Los Angeles List of Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monuments in the San Fernando Valley California Water Wars Rail transport in California References Sources Bearchell, Charles, and Larry D. Fried, The San Fernando Valley Then and Now, Windsor Publications, 1988, Beck, Warren A. and Ynez D. Haase, Historical Atlas of California, University