dew fall"). The kedushah of shacharit begins "neqaddesh es shimcha", and the kedushah of mussaf (of shabbat and Yom Tov) begins "na'aritz'cha ve-naqdish'cha". There is one standard wording for the "Birkas Ha-Shanim", with only small variations between summer and winter. The Priestly Blessing (or Barechenu, which is a substitute for it) is said in minhah of fast days in general and not only on Yom Kippur. The last blessing of the Amidah is "Sim Shalom" in the morning service and "Shalom Rav" in the afternoon and evening services. (Congregations which follow German or Israeli Ashkenaz customs recite Sim Shalom at Shabbat Mincha as well, because of the afternoon Torah reading.) The Torah scroll is lifted and displayed to the congregation after the Torah reading rather than before. It is customary to stand for Kaddish. En Kelohenu concludes with a stanza about the making of incense. It is recited only on Shabbat and Holidays. (Most communities in Israel recite it every day.) Adon Olam has only five stanzas. The morning service on Shabbos and Yom Tov contains Anim Zemirot - most communities recite it after Musaf, although some communities recite it after shacharis, right before taking out the Torah. It is a binding custom to avoid Kitniyos on Passover. Blessings are said over all four glasses of wine at the Passover Seder. Selichos do not begin until the Shabbos immediately before Rosh Hashanah if Rosh Hashanah falls on Thursday or Shabbos, or a week-and-a-half before if Rosh Hashanah falls on Monday or Tuesday. One set of Hanukkah lights is lit by each member of a household. The shammash is used to light the other Hanukkah lights. See also Jewish prayer modes Minhag Minhag Morocco Nusach Nusach Sefard Nusach Ari Sephardic law and customs References Bibliography Davidson, Charles, Immunim Benusaḥ Hatefillah (3 vols): Ashbourne Publishing 1996 Ginzberg, Louis, Geonica: New York 1909 Goldschmidt, Meḥqare Tefillah u-Fiyyut (On Jewish Liturgy): Jerusalem 1978 Kalib, Sholom, The Musical Tradition of the Eastern European Synagogue (2 vols out of projected 5): Syracuse University Press 2001 (vol 1) and 2004 (vol 2) Reif, Stefan, Judaism and Hebrew Prayer: Cambridge 1993. Hardback , ; Paperback , Reif, Stefan, Problems with Prayers: Berlin and New York 2006 , Wieder, Naphtali, The Formation of Jewish Liturgy: In the East and the West Zimmels, Hirsch Jakob, Ashkenazim and Sephardim: their Relations, Differences, and Problems As Reflected in the Rabbinical Responsa: London