The Austrian Decoration for Science and Art () is a state decoration of the Republic of Austria and forms part of the Austrian national honours system. History The "Austrian Decoration for Science and Art" was established by the National Council as an honour for scientific or artistic achievements by Federal Law of May 1955 (Federal Law Gazette No. 96/1955 as amended BGBl I No 128/2001). At the same time, the National Council also established the "Austrian Cross of Honour for Science and Art", which is awarded as "Cross of Honour, First Class" (German: Ehrenkreuz 1. Klasse) and "Cross of Honour" (German: Ehrenkreuz). While not technically counted as lower classes of the Decoration for Science and Art, these crosses are nevertheless affiliated with it. Divisions Decoration for Science and Art The number of living recipients of the Decoration for Science and Art is limited to a maximum of 72 at any one time (36 recipients for science and 36 for arts). In each of these two groups there are 18 Austrian citizens and 18 foreign nationals. Cross of Honour for Science and Art, First Class There are no limits on the number of recipients. Cross of Honour for Science and Art There are no limits on the number of recipients. Precedence Recipients Decoration for Science and Art 1957: Clemens Holzmeister, architect 1959: Max Mell, writer 1960: O. W. Fischer, actor 1961: Herbert von Karajan, conductor; Rudolf von Laun, international lawyer 1964: Edmund Hlawka, mathematician; Ernst Lothar, writer and director 1966: Ludwig von Ficker, writer and publisher 1967: Karl Heinrich Waggerl, writer; Lise Meitner, physicist 1969: Anny Felbermayer, soprano 1971: Fritz Wotruba, architect and artist 1972: Elias Canetti, writer 1974: Gottfried von Einem, composer 1974: Paul Hörbiger, actor 1975: Hans Tuppy, biochemist; Robert Stolz, composer 1976: Friedrich Torberg, writer and translator; Manfred Eigen, chemist 1977: Ernst Schönwiese, writer 1978: Hans Nowotny, chemist 1979: Roland Rainer, architect; Max Weiler, artist 1980: Alfred Uhl and Marcel Rubin, composer; Fritz Hochwälder, writer; Karl Popper, philosopher and science theorist 1981: Gertrud Fussenegger, writer; Werner Berg, painter 1982: Heinrich Harrer, mountaineer; Jacqueline de Romilly, philologist 1983: Hans Plank, painter 1985: Erika Mitterer, writer 1986: Johann Jascha, artist 1987: Friederike Mayröcker, writer 1988: Dietmar Grieser, author and journalist 1990: Ernst Jandl, writer; Hans Hollein, architect 1991: H.C. Artmann, writer 1992: Carlos Kleiber, conductor; Krzysztof Penderecki, composer 1993: Margarete Schütte-Lihotzky, architect; Peter Schuster, chemist; Gottfried Biegelmeier, physicist; Walter Thirring,