and fungicide agent. The quaternary ammonium cation is added to prevent growth of copper-tolerant bacteria, fungus, and mold, as an insecticide. Use ACQ is applied at a timber treatment plants by industrial vacuum-pressure impregnation. Bunks of dried lumber are loaded into a long (up to 150') cylindrical container, seven feet in diameter. The bunks ride on a rail system at the bottom of the cylinder. Once filled, the container is subjected to a hard vacuum, drawing all the air and any remaining moisture out of the wood. Then, the cylinder is filled nearly full of the ACQ solution and a pressure of 150PSI is applied for several hours to force the solution completely into the wood. After the solution has been pumped out, a vacuum is applied again, to remove excess solution from the wood. {https://extension.okstate.edu/fact-sheets/basics-of-pressure-treatment-of-wood.html} 2022-4-13 Bunk sizes: 2×4 have 294 pcs, 2×6 have 189 pcs, 2×8 YP have 96 pcs, 2×10 YP have 80 pcs, and 2×12 YP have 64 pcs. (YP= Yellow Pine) The lumber is usually eight, twelve, or sixteen feet long, but can be longer. The ACQ-C product is normally shipped from manufacturer as a concentrated solution that is diluted at the wood treatment plant. ACQ-D and ACQ-A are shipped as two separate solutions that are mixed and diluted at the latter. In the US and other countries, ACQ is registered for use on lumber, timbers, landscape ties, fence posts, building and utility poles, land, freshwater and marine pilings, sea walls, decking, wood shingles, and other wood structures. Treated wood color Wood treated with ACQ has greenish-brown color which may fade to brown, and may have a slight ammonia odor until the wood dries. Safety In the treated wood, the copper is relatively harmless and not an environmental or health concern. DDA chloride is approved as germicide, fungicide, and algicide for disinfectant products that have been used for decades in hospitals and other commercial and industrial establishments. ADBA chloride has been used in commercial products in the US since 1947. A registration standard was issued by EPA in 1985. One disadvantage of ACQ is that significant amounts of air pollution, in the form of ammonia, are released from treatment plants and freshly treated wood in storage yards. While the CCA components are far more toxic in a weight basis, being non-volatile solids they can be effectively contained. Fastener corrosion The copper in ACQ treated wood