functions and personnel merged into the new directorate. An informal closing ceremony was held on 16 December 2013. Systems developed Air Operations Center The Aerospace Operation Center (later Air Operations Center, AOC) was an important mission for the center. The AOC was declared a weapon system on 8 September 2000. The first Combined Aerospace Operations Center-Experimental was built at Langley Air Force Base. The next CAOC created was established over the following year at Prince Sultan Air Base, Saudi Arabia. Leading the AOC effort through large-scale experiments, for seven years the Center modernized, standardized, and integrated the developing command and control system. Joint Expeditionary Force Experiment Starting in 1998 as the Air Force's [single service] expeditionary force experiment, this experimentation and testing venue allowed innovators and formal acquisition programs to try out new equipment, tactics, procedures in a large-scale field environment. The equipment tested included command, control and communications systems, vehicles, aircraft, software, radios, etc., focused on enhancing information collection and exchange, and improving interoperability. The venue quickly grew to include multiple services and nations. It was subsequently conducted biannually in 2000, 2002, 2004, 2006, 2008 with particular emphasis on command and control and improving the "Kill Chain". More recently, it was supposed to be downsized to focus on specific areas for improvement in Command and control integration and conducted on a smaller scale on a quarterly basis with occasional large-scale events. Tactical Networks Integration Tactical Data Links (TDL) and voice networks are essential to command and control and situational awareness of forces in the battlespace from the tactical edge to joint task forces. The center integrated these networks for the Air Force, other services, and other nations throughout its history including Link 11 and Link 16 improvements; TDL network management, integrators and gateways; Joint Tactical Radio System; and developments in Airborne Networking. Lineage Constituted as the Air and Space Command and Control Agency on 15 July 1997 Activated on 1 August 1997 Redesignated Aerospace Command and Control Agency on 15 September 1998 Redesignated Aerospace Command and Control & Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance Center on 9 February 1999 Redesignated Air Force Command and Control & Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance Center on 15 March 2002 Redesignated Global Cyberspace Integration Center on 1 April 2008 Redesignated Air Force Command & Control Integration Center''' on 15 June 2010 Inactivated c. 16 December 2013 Assignments Air Combat Command, 1 August 1997 United States Air