47%, according to data collected in compliance with Home Mortgage Disclosure Act. The same data shows that U.S. credit unions approved 62% of minority members' mortgage applications, versus a 51% for other U.S. mortgage lenders. That data also shows that 25.2% of all U.S. credit union mortgage originations were for low- or moderate-income borrowers, versus 20.6% at other U.S. mortgage lenders. However, the NCUA has long discouraged U.S. credit unions from giving members loans that they may not be able to repay, and has forbidden other types of predatory lending and abusive credit practices. Federal credit unions are also forbidden from charging prepayment penalties on loans. Credit unions are still trying to find ways to serve this market and offer loan products that benefit their memberships. Some are partnering with financial technology (FinTech) companies such as OnDeck Capital and Think Finance that provide online loan origination and management software, freeing credit unions from having to build them from scratch. Interest rates United States credit unions typically pay higher interest rates on deposits and charge lower interest rates on loans than banks. Because members are part owners of credit unions, interest is typically called dividends and deposits are typically called shares. Credit unions therefore often have a higher cost of assets (i.e. interest expense as a percentage of average assets) than commercial banks, with aggregate U.S. credit union cost of assets being higher than the aggregate U.S. bank cost of assets in eight of the thirteen years between 1995 and 2007. Credit union revenues (from loans and investments) do, however, need to exceed operating expenses and dividends (interest paid on deposits) in order to maintain capital and solvency. A credit union's policies governing interest rates and other matters are set by a volunteer Board of Directors elected by and from the membership itself. Leagues and associations Credit unions in the United States have traditionally used a state/national trade association relationship that aligns credit unions with state credit union leagues, followed by national affiliation with the Credit Union National Association (CUNA) of Madison, Wisconsin. Federal credit unions may also be members of the National Association of Federal Credit Unions (NAFCU). Credit unions can also participate in a credit union service organization (CUSO) that provides shared resources to member credit unions such as call centers, lending teams, and data centers. Participating in a CUSO allows credit unions to provide additional services to customers