and lions have been found. Despite the small number of species, this ecoregion is home to several near-endemic mammals, including one strict endemic species, the jungle shrew. The two endemic shrews, the Asian highland shrew and the jungle shrew are listed as vulnerable and endangered respectively. The Sri Lanka leopard, the largest carnivore of the island, is identified as threatened. Asian elephants live in small numbers in these rain forests and are listed as endangered. Unlike in dry-zone forests, where they live in large numbers, this ecoregion's elephant population is faced with habitat loss and fragmentation. The Indian hare, fishing cat and rusty-spotted cat are some of the other mammals who dwell in this ecoregion. The near-endemic and strict endemic mammals live in the areas listed below. Strict endemic species are marked with an asterisk. Asian highland shrew Jungle shrew* Thailand roundleaf bat Purple-faced langur Golden palm civet Layard's palm squirrel Travancore flying squirrel Ceylon spiny mouse Nolthenius's long-tailed climbing mouse Birds This ecoregion is completely contained within the Endemic bird area of Sri Lanka. Out of sixteen bird species categorized as near-endemic, two species, the green-billed coucal and the white-throated flowerpecker are indigenous. The green-billed coucal and the Sri Lanka whistling-thrush are listed as threatened. The ashy-headed laughingthrush, red-faced malkoha and scaly thrush are the other threatened species. The near-endemic and strict endemic birds live in the areas listed below. Strict endemic species are marked with an asterisk. Sri Lanka wood pigeon Sri Lanka grey hornbill Red-faced malkoha Green-billed coucal* Sri Lanka spurfowl Sri Lanka junglefowl Sri Lanka blue magpie Spot-winged thrush White-faced starling Sri Lanka myna Kashmir flycatcher Brown-capped babbler Orange-billed babbler White-throated flowerpecker* Yellow-fronted barbet Sri Lanka hanging parrot Layard's parakeet Chestnut-backed owlet Reptiles, fishes and amphibians Sri Lanka's reptile fauna includes 204 species with 114 endemic species. A further 17 taxa are endemic at subspecies level. The mugger crocodile and the spineless forest lizard are listed as endangered along with eight freshwater fish species. Sri Lanka has the highest density of amphibian species worldwide (3.9 species per ). These include 250 species of frogs belonging to the family Rhacophoridae. Many of these species have only limited range distributions, often less than . These species are also faced with habitat fragmentation and loss. Threats and conservation Most of the Sri Lanka's rain forests were cleared for plantations, originally for coffee and cinchona and then tea and rubber.