rock, but also on wood or dry grass. The animals are well camouflaged by the color of the underside of the wings. The males show territorial behavior or hide hunting for females flying past, whereby other insects are also accidentally approached. Flower visits are hardly documented in Bavaria, so far Acinos alpinus, Rhododendron hirsutum and Thymus spp. reported as nectar plants. The eggs are laid individually and close to the ground mostly on withered grass leaves. Festuca ovina agg. and other Festuca species are known as host plants in the higher altitudes. As far as is known so far, larval development takes place every two years, with the young caterpillar and then the last caterpillar stadiums overwintering. The flight time differs due to the great height amplitude. The species usually flies from early June to early August, with a peak between late June and mid-July. In lower-lying occurrences and in unusually dry and warm springs (e.g. 2003, 2007), the species can be observed from mid-May. Depending on the weather, the imagos can be quite long-lived. The species shows a two-year development: The available data for Bavaria show the odd years (e.g. 2001, 2003, 2005) as the flight years with more individuals, without the Alpine Grayling being remarkably rare in even years at all. Etymology aello: Greek for "One of the harpies sent by the gods to punish people." Taxonomy Synonym: Papilio aello Huebner, [1803-1804] References External links Butterflies of Europe Oeneis Butterflies of Europe