evaporating water vapor, thus preventing cracks and resulting in a strong, monolithic structure. In reduced iron powder production Rolling Mill scale is a complex oxide that contains around 70% iron with traces of nonferrous metals and alkaline compounds. The reduced iron powder may be obtained by converting the mill scale into a single highest oxide i.e. hematite (Fe2O3) and its reduction with hydrogen. Shahid and Choi reported the reverse co-precipitation method for the synthesis of Magnetite from mill scale and used for multiple environmental applications such as nutrient recovery, ballasted coagulation in Activated sludge process, and heavy metal remediation in an aqueous environment. See also Dross Firescale Hammer paint Slag Slag (welding) References Metallurgy Oxides Steelmaking Metalworking terminology