of the women of reproductive age died due to maternal causes. 1/([maternal deaths/women aged 15–49]) Tuberculosis Pakistan is amongst the top five countries having high rate of tuberculosis (TB). In 2011, the National Tuberculosis Control Programme (NTP) achieved 64% detection rate for tuberculosis cases in Pakistan. In Afghan refugees a total of 541 new TB cases were reported during years 2012–2015, however, no case has been reported between 2016 and 2018. Malaria Various parts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa are malarial endemic regions. Malarial control remains challenging as it develops resistance against insecticides and antimalarials in use. Migration of 3 million afghan refugees to Pakistan was vulnerable because they settled in malaria endemic regions. A total of 10710 malarial cases were reported from the year 2012 to 2018, with a total of 3 deaths from malaria. P. Vivax was most prevalent in the reported cases. Surprisingly, only three malaria-related deaths were reported in the 7 years span, although the number of positive cases was quite high. This may be because of underreporting of deaths caused by malaria and the actual number could be high. Polio The global drive to eliminate polio, which has gone on for 31 years and consumed over $16 billion, has been set back again by the new reported cases in Pakistan and Afghanistan. In 2019 there were a total of 42 polio paralysis cases in the two countries. Pakistan and Afghanistan form a single epidemiological block with a regular cross-border movement, which maintains the flow of the poliovirus in both directions of the border. The movement of people crossing the border has largely been unchecked or uncontrolled. In 2015, most reported cases of polio in Afghanistan were from Nangarhar province, which borders Pakistan, and were genetically linked to cases in Pakistan. All cases of polio in these border areas are reported in the mobile population, especially the returning displaced population. Among Afghan refugees in Pakistan, only one case of polio was reported in June 2016. The percentage coverage of immunization in children among Afghan refugees was 100% from 2012 to 2018. It was only possible due to the efforts of Pakistan Government immunization program. Mental health Large number of Afghans are suffering from mental illness. The commonest among these are: depression, anxiety, adjustment disorder, psychosomatic disorder and PTSD. Prevalence of mental issues among refugee children has also been reported. Most common presentations in the local clinic are medically