house, on the future site of the Bird and Bottle, was also open as a tavern for travelers. John's brother Samuel Jr. also built a house for his family on the property, just west of the highway. Both are prominent features of the district, built in the vernacular style common among Americans of English descent at that time. In 1804, the Highlands Turnpike, a more level alternative route to the Post Road currently followed by US 9, was opened. At the hamlet, it deviated slightly from the current alignment, following Indian Brook down to a four-way junction known as the Bend, where a now-abandoned roadway went south over the brook to rejoin the road still in use. Warren was not able to buy his land outright until 1821, when a compensation claim by the heirs of Frederick Philipse, the local landowner whose holdings had been confiscated by the state for his Loyalist sympathies during the war, was settled on the condition that all leaseholds be abolished. Sometime in the early 19th century (the exact date is not known), John Warren dammed Indian Brook to create a mill and pond as a way of increasing the economic worth of his property. This began to make the farm into a settlement rather than just a rest stop on a long highway, as the other three houses in the district were built during this period. They show the influence of the Federal style popular in the new nation at the time. Samuel Warren's house was also enlarged during this period, and the sections of the brook nearby were channelized to control flooding The Warren brothers both died in the mid-1830s. After a series of transactions that briefly took John's property out of the family, by 1854 it was back in the family, owned by his son-in-law John Nelson. Samuel's home remained in his descendants' hands for another four decades. John Nelson closed the tavern, since the rise of the railroads had diverted much of the traffic once handled by the Post Road to the riverside, and used the building as his family residence. Maps now named the area Nelson's Corner. He continued to operate the mill. A school was built in 1844, but other than that there were few changes to the hamlet in the late 19th century, as the focus of the economy had moved elsewhere with the rise of industry. 20th