introduced to make almost all UK companies identify their beneficial owners. This did not apply to partnerships in England, which resulted in an about a doubling of new partnership registrations, many presumably by owners who did not want such disclosure. A quarter of the 4,500 new partnerships in England from 2017 to 2021 were created by five UK-based agents. Common law Partnerships were a common law phenomenon, dating back to the Roman law institution of a societas universorum quae ex quaestu veniunt, or a trade partnership. Waugh v Carver (1793) 126 ER 525, 2 HBI 235, held that receipt of profits of partnership made the recipient a partner. John George Phillimore later opined that this was 'one indeed of the most absurd decisions ever come to by a court of law'. Statutes Partnership Act 1890 Section one of the 1890 Act defines partnership as ‘the relationship which subsists between persons carrying on a business in common with a view of profit.’ This can come about by oral agreement, written document or conduct. The minimum membership is two and the maximum since 2002 is unlimited. The provisions of the Partnership Act 1890 apply unless expressly or impliedly excluded by agreement of the partners. Each partner is entitled to participate in management, get an equal share of profit, an indemnity in respect of liabilities assumed in the course of business and the right to not be expelled by other partners. A partnership ends on the death of a partner. A partner is jointly and severally liable for the debts of the others; there is no limited liability. Limited Partnerships Act 1907 Only sleeping partners may have limited liability, and it must consist of at least one general partner and one limited partner. Limited Liability Partnerships Act 2000 Under the 2000 Act, such partnerships are deemed to have legal personality. It allows limited liability for general trading debts, but individual partners cannot limit personal liability for negligence. It was introduced to allow some protection against large negligence actions, where the risks were felt to be excessive. On 1 October 2008, section 1,286 of the Companies Act 2006 extended the Limited Liability Partnerships Act 2000 to Northern Ireland, and repealed the Limited Liability Partnerships Act (Northern Ireland) 2002, an act of the Northern Ireland Assembly which prior to that date was the principal statute concerning LLPs in Northern Ireland. Quasi-partnerships Under the law of