population. Flanders and Brussels are dependent on drinking water from Wallonia, at a level of 40% and 98% respectively. The picture is complicated by the strong dependence of the Netherlands on the water of the Meuse for its drinking water production. Drinking water production withdraws 707 million m3 in 2005 (10% of the total withdrawals), 65% produced from groundwater, often distributed without prior treatment, and 35% from surface water, more expensive to produce. For example, Brussels receives its water from springs, groundwater and the Meuse, all located in the Walloon region. Modave in the Hoyoux valley, located more than 100 km Southwest of Brussels, produces about 20% of the capital's water supply from galleries in the hills surrounding the valley. In Mons surface water from the Meuse is treated to provide another 30% of the city's water needs; in Vedrin, part of Namur, water is pumped from an abandoned pyrite mine; springs in Genappe, wells in Waterloo and Zaventem, and mines in Ligny and Écaussinnes provide the remainder of Brussel's water supply. The city of Antwerp is supplied with water from the Albert Canal. The city of Liège is supplied from wells pumping from the Hesbaye aquifer. Distribution losses are estimated at 13%. According to some sources residential water consumption was 106 liter/capita/day, while other sources say it was 135 liter/capita/day in 2003, down from 171 liter/capita/day in 1995. Infrastructure In 2005 the length of the drinking water network was 101,026 km with 4 million connections. In 2001 Belgium had 511 wastewater treatment plants serving 6.6 m inhabitants. 90% of the population was connected to sewers and 47% of the population had its wastewater treated in a public wastewater treatment plant. In 2003 the number of wastewater treatment plants had increased to 541. History and recent developments Attempt at creating basin agencies Before World War II, Belgian policymakers focused on drinking water supply with little emphasis on sanitation. The national water company Société Nationale de Distribution d'Eau (SNDE) or Nationale Maatschappij der Waterleidingen was set up in 1923 to provide water supply where municipalities did not have the ability to do so on their own. After the war the emphasis moved to the management of wastewater with an initial focus on industries. In 1963, authorities admitted that there was a lack of implementation and the institutional arrangement was redesigned: Through the law of 1967 on the regulation of non-navigable rivers