the lower class. This created tension between himself and his opponents, led by Wilhelm von Humboldt. Unlimately, his opposition, including notable statistician , rejected Bülow's taxes on food and goods in favor of a direct personal tax that increased based on class. By the end of 1817, Bülow resigned in protest for rejecting his proposals. He was replaced by Wilhelm Anton von Klewitz as finance minister. Commerce Minister of Prussia After leaving the Finance Minister post, Bülow was given the newly created position as Minister of Commerce. He became a pioneer in the field of trade and commerce as he led the customs department. With the Customs Act of 1818, Bülow led the way to eliminate tariffs within Prussia and impose tariffs on commerce entering the country. Despite neighboring countries voicing their opposition and their attempts to have Prussia remove the new policies, they all failed to sway Prussia and eventually this led to economic supremacy of Prussia. The Customs Act of 1818 led the way for later policies that allowed Prussia to grow economically and financially. To avoid the high tariffs placed on goods, they joined the Prussian state. The addition of territory to the Prussian state made elimination of customs barriers a powerful factor in Prussian politics. Eventually, these policies helped create a unified Germany. In 1825, the Commerce department was dissolved. Senior President of Silesia In early 1825, he became the Senior President of the Prussian province of Silesia. He held the position until 10 July when replaced him. Death and views Hans Graf von Bülow died on 11 August 1825 in Bad Landeck, Silesia, which is located in present date Poland. Bülow was known to take a conservative stance on constitutional policy. He supported the Carlsbad decrees and opposed a representative constitution. On the economy, he had combined his conservative stance with more liberal views, pushing for low tariffs and free trade. Many of Bulow's projects and ideas were actualized years after his death. See also Zollverein References 1774 births 1825 deaths Hans, Count von Bulow Counts of Germany Finance ministers of Prussia Prussian politicians