Aachen. Fearing an attack, the city council requested the aid of the Elector of Brandenburg, who sent several hundred soldiers under General Georg von Pulitz to reinforce the local militia. On 24 August, Spinola besieged Aachen under the premise of imposing a two-year-old imperial edict issued by Rudolf. After several days of negotiations, the garrison was allowed to leave, together with Protestant clerics and noncitizens. The old city council was reinstated, and the participants of the 1611 riots were punished. From Aachen, Spinola pressed on towards Düren, Neuss, Wesel and Mülheim, which he captured with Wolfgang Wilhelm's help. The Dutch occupied the duchy of Mark and the rest of Cleves and also reinforced Jülich. Aftermath On 13 October 1614, Spinola and Maurice of Nassau initiated peace negotiations under French and English mediation. The conflict ended with the signing of the Treaty of Xanten on 12 November. The territories of Jülich-Berg and Ravenstein went to Wolfgang Wilhelm of Neuburg, and Cleves-Mark and Ravensberg went to George William. Spain gained a total of 62 towns including three crossings across the Rhine River (Wesel, Orsoy and Rheinberg), which significantly enhancing its position in North–western Europe. The Dutch retained their garrisons at Jülich and Pfaffenmütze but were now outflanked or even isolated, which put them in an unfavourable position when the Twelve Years' Truce expired in April 1621. See also War of the Mantuan Succession Siege of Jülich (1621–22) Notes References Julich Succession Wars involving Spain Wars involving France Wars involving the Dutch Republic Duchy of Jülich Julich Conflicts in 1609 Conflicts in 1610 Conflicts in 1614 1609 in Europe 1610 in Europe 1614 in Europe Eighty Years' War County of Mark