In human mitochondrial genetics, Haplogroup M30 is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup. Origin Haplogroup M30 (coding region: 195A-514dCA-12007-15431) is a South-Asian or an India-specific maternal lineage of the macrohaplogroup M identified by the mutations T195A, G15431A and G12007A. Haplogroup M30 used to be a part of M4 haplogroup distinguished by G15431A. Haplogroup M30 shares a common coding region mutation (12007) together with the M4, M18, M37 and M38 haplogroups from the root of haplogroup M (superhaplogroup M4'30). M4′30 super-clade is the only clade that shares an intermediate lineage between 2 haplogroups, while the rest of all M lineages have originated independently from the root of macrohaplogroup M; thus supporting the idea of rapid dispersal of modern humans along the Asian coast after they left Africa, followed by a long period of isolation. Haplogroup M30 was identified in 2005 based on complete mitochondrial genome sequences of 24 Indian samples. It was designated as a new lineage with sub-haplogroups M30a, M30b, M30c, M30d based on observed mutations sites. The mutations characterizing this lineage were observed in five samples from eastern part of India, that is Bihar (Kurmi, Yadav and Baniya), West Bengal (Mahishya), Orissa (Saora) and two samples from south India (Christians of Karnataka and Lambadi of Andhra Pradesh). Previously identified Haplogroup M18 was collapsed to reside in M30 as a sub-lineage. In 2006, the definition of M30 was narrowed down by identifying it with the mutations T195A, 15431A and G12007A. The study detailed an individual from the Reddy population of Andhra Pradesh categorized into M30a; a sample of Thogataveera from Andhra Pradesh classified into M30b; the presence of M30c in Thogataveera of Andhra Pradesh and Chaturvedi of Uttar Pradesh, and finally, the identification of M30d in Bhargava of Uttar Pradesh and Thogataveera of Andhra Pradesh. In 2009, Subhaplogroup M30e was identified among Kathodi, Kathakur and Mathakur in Western region of India. In 2006, Sahoo and Kashyap reported haplogroup M30 in Oriya Brahmins, Karanams, Khandayats, Gope (aka Gour or Yadavs); and in tribes of Juang and Saora of Orissa. The Saora exhibited a high frequency of M30 (of about 32% of the sample size) followed by Karanams (24%), Oriya Brahmins (20%) and Juang (20%). Khandayat and Gope showed a lower frequency (about 6%) of M30. M30 was also detected at low frequencies (1.5%–2.5%) in Pardhan, Naikpod Gond and Andh tribal populations of Andhra Pradesh. The age of M30 lineage was estimated