265-I program, Chinese government ordered the formation of dedicated ATGM development establishment, consisted of the newly formed 1st Research Institute of the Artillery Technology Academy, Beijing Industrial Academy and the 724th Factory. In 1962, Chinese government gave an order to develop a new ATGM. Lu Weiru (卢伟如), the head of the newly formed 1st Research Institute of the Artillery Technology Academy was designated as the program manager, and a year later, he was joined by Wang Xingzhi (王兴治), a 1963 graduate of the Military Engineering Academy, who immediately became the chief designer of ATGM, as well as future Chinese ATGMs. The new ATGM to be developed was designated as J-201. One of the difficulties the developer faced was that the 265-I ATGM did not meet the requirements of the Chinese military, but it was the only source of information and experience China had, and although something new was needed, there was not any new source to turn to. The developer of Chinese ATGM would soon obtain a boost from returning trainees it had sent abroad earlier. Cao Gangchuan, the future top commander of the People's Liberation Army and his colleagues had returned to China at the time, after graduating from Military Engineering School of the Artillery Corps of the USSR, and they had brought the operational and training manuals of Soviet AT-1 ATGM with them. These manuals became valuable reference for the developers, but the AT-1 design was not directly copied, because like Nord SS.10 and its Chinese development, 265-I, it is also a vehicle-launched ATGM. However, most of the information gained from AT-1 was incorporated into J-201. The most important source of information for J-201, was from western Cobra anti-tank missile. Sometimes after obtaining manuals of AT-1 ATGM, China had also managed to obtain the logistic manuals of Cobra ATGM issued by West Germany, which provided much more detailed information on the missile, so detail that information revealed in these manuals were enough to provide basic frame of reverse engineering. As a result, the Chinese J-201 ATGM appears identical to Cobra ATGM, with similar performance as well. How exactly China obtained these West German logistic manuals for Cobra ATGM remains a closely guarded secret to this day. Seven years after the program begun, J-201 completed trials in 1969, and received state certification next year. Due to the political turmoil in China, namely, the Cultural Revolution, series production on small