deliberate lie." Tillman responded by punching McLaurin in the jaw. According to Senate history, "efforts to separate the two combatants resulted in misdirected punches landing on other members." It was the first recorded physical altercation on the floor when the Senate was in session, since Senator Thomas Hart Benton (D-MO) was nearly shot by Henry S. Foote (D-MS) in 1850. However, in 1856, Representative Preston Brooks (D-SC) severely beat Senator Charles Sumner (R-MA) on the Senate floor after a session had ended. After being separated, during a two-hour debate, both Tillman and McLaurin were declared in contempt of the Senate and not allowed to speak, but upon being asked by another Senator to permit them to speak, both apologized to their colleagues in such rancorous language that they nearly came to blows again. The Senate censured Tillman and McLaurin on February 28, 1902 by a vote of 54 to 12 and later, on August 8, 1902, added what is now Sections 2 and 3 of Rule 19. Notable uses Two Senate roll call votes were recorded on January 29, 1915 and April 21, 1952 in which a Senator had asked to be allowed to continue speaking after being reprimanded as outlined in Section 4 of Rule 19. However, "senators tend to let things go" in response to personal attacks and the invocation of Rule 19 is rare in the Senate, noted Gregory Koger, a University of Miami political scientist. During a debate on June 25, 1979 regarding an amendment that would remove $13 million from the Economic Development Revolving Fund, which would in turn jeopardize a loan guarantee for a new mill for Wheeling-Pittsburgh Steel, Senator Lowell Weicker (R-CT) said of Senator John Heinz (R-PA) "When a member substitutes innuendo for fact or the persuasion of logic, he is either an idiot or devious, and the senator from Pennsylvania qualifies in both ways." Heinz responded by storming to the front of the Senate with a rule book to invoke Rule 19. The presiding officer ordered Weicker to sit down and stop talking, halting debate on the amendment until Majority Leader Robert Byrd brokered a truce in which Weicker retracted his remarks and shook hands with Heinz. Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell (R-KY) invoked Rule XIX on February 7, 2017, against Senator Elizabeth Warren (D-MA) during a debate on the nomination of Senator Jeff Sessions (R-AL) to be Attorney General. Specifically,