an individual's life because it mostly affects older Caucasian men. Multiple tests are performed to determine if an individual has Austrian syndrome. Bacterial cultivation is the main method in diagnosing Streptococcus pneumoniae. Rapid diagnostic test is when a liquid sample of the ear or nasal discharge is collected. In terms of Streptococcus pneumoniae, it is also used to confirm the causative bacterium. X-Ray imaging of the chest is performed to determine lung inflammation and aortic regurgitation. Electrocardiogram is used to measure the sound waves of the heart. A physical exam is performed on lung and heart cavities and a spinal tap is also performed to collect cerebrospinal fluid. Treatment Since Austrian syndrome consists of meningitis, pneumonia and endocarditis, there are separate treatments for each. Pneumonia and endocarditis are usually treated with beta-lactam therapy penicillin, which has been said to be the most effective but sources have said that some bacterial strains are resistant to penicillin. High doses of penicillin do not affect pneumonia. Before penicillin was used for treatment, pneumococcus was a cause of several endocarditis cases. Also, for endocarditis, a valve replacement would be performed to avoid cardiogenic shock. For meningitis, intravenous antibiotics are used. Earlier studies suggest that dexamethasone improved the outcome of adults with pneumococcal meningitis. In a specific case study, a patient who had symptoms of a fever and headache was treated with cefotaxime, ampicillin, and dexamethasone and had to undergo an emergency valve surgery since the EKG showed mitral vegetation. Prognosis In the 19th century, the mortality rate of Austrian syndrome was about 75%; it has since decreased to approximately 32%. The mortality percentage is higher in immunocompromised individuals. Austrian syndrome's symptoms, including pneumonia, endocarditis, and meningitis, all have high mortality rates. Prevention Decreased alcohol consumption is an effective way to lower the chances of developing Austrian syndrome. The incidence rate has reduced since the introduction of beta-lactam therapy in the early 1940s. Additionally, the introduction of the pneumococcal vaccination in 1977 further decreased the incidence of infection. However, 14% of patients don't have risk factors. Research Due to the rarity of the syndrome, with fewer than 60 cases reported, there has not been much research on the disease. But there have been multiple case studies that discuss certain treatments, preventions, diagnoses, depending on the individual. In a case study, an individual who had absolutely no history of alcohol abuse presented symptoms of the triad,