Hieronymus Vietor (c. 1480, in Liebenthal (now Lubomierz) Silesia – late 1546 or early 1547, in Kraków) was a printer and publisher born in Silesia and active in Vienna and Kraków. Famous for the quality and quantity of his prints, he is considered one of the most important early book printers in Poland, also because he was the first to regularly print in Polish. He is also known as Hieronymus Philovallensis (a latinization of the name of his birthplace, Lubomierz/Liebenthal) or Hieronymus Doliarius, or in Polish as Hieronim Wietor or Büttner. Life Hieronymus' birthname was Büttner, sometimes also given as Binder or Pinder. As son of Augustin Büttner, Hieronymus was born about 1480 in Liebenthal, today Lubomierz. In 1497, he was immatriculated at the Jagellonian University at Kraków, where he obtained the degree of Bachelor of Arts two years later. Subsequently, he worked as a bookbinder and learned the trade and the art of book printing probably in the printing shop of Johannes Haller. In 1505, his name appears on a list of bookbinders of Kraków. In 1508 Vietor moved to Vienna, where he worked for one year in the print shop of Johannes Winterburger. He printed Paulus of Krosno's Pangyrici ad divum Ladislaum Pannoniae while at Winterburger's. In 1510 he opened his own print shop, the first work being Joachim Vadian's edition of Parvulus philosophie naturalis of Petrus Dresdensis, completed on August 16, 1510. From September 1510 to December 1514, Vietor formed a partnership with the printer Johannes Singriener. Subsequently Vietor again had his own print shop, located in 1516 at the Weihenburggasse in Vienna. Throughout his time in Vienna, he maintained his contacts to Kraków, such as to bookseller Markus Scharffenberg, and courted the nobles of Kraków. In 1515, he presented king Sigismund I with a dedicated copy of Joachim Vadian's Oratio coram invictissimo Sigismundo Rege Poloniae. In 1517 Vietor returned to Kraków and opened his own printing shop there. His shop in Vienna was continued by his brother Benedict Büttner until 1523. The first book printed in his new Kraków shop was Querela pacis of Erasmus of Rotterdam, which appeared on March 30, 1518. Initially, most of Vietor's prints were distributed through the bookshop of Markus Scharffenberg. In 1523 or early 1524, Vietor was granted a printing privilege for king Sigsmund's Constitution, and in 1527, he was named royal printer. The competition in the printing business at