packs are noticed by the majority of adolescents, increase adolescents’ cognitive processing of these messages and have the potential to lower smoking intentions. The introduction of graphic warning labels has greatly reduced smoking among adolescents. Smoke-free public places Smoking in indoor workplaces was first prohibited nationwide by the Republic of Ireland in 2003, with most other leading economies following suit with similar ordinances in subsequent years. Smoking cessation Smoking cessation services borrow from the methodologies of other addiction recovery interventions to assist smokers to quit. As well as reducing morbidity and mortality for individual patients, these have been repeatedly found to reduce the overall cost to health systems of treating smoking-related disease. Reception and further international collaboration Now an accepted element of the public health arena, tobacco control policies and activity are seen to have been effective in those administrations which have implemented them in a co-ordinated fashion. The tobacco control community is internationally organised - as is its main opponent, the tobacco industry (sometimes referred to as 'Big Tobacco'). This allows for sharing of effective practice (both in advocacy and policy) between developed and developing states, for instance through the World Conference on Tobacco or Health held every three years. However, some significant gaps remain, particularly the failure of the US and Switzerland (both bases for international tobacco companies and, in the former case, a tobacco producer) to ratify the FCTC. Journal Tobacco Control is also the name of a journal published by BMJ Group (the publisher of the British Medical Journal) which studies the nature and implications of tobacco use and the effect of tobacco use upon health, the economy, the environment and society. Edited by Ruth Malone, Professor and Chair, Department of Social & Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, it was first published in 1992. Opposition Direct and indirect opposition from the tobacco industry continue, for instance through the tobacco industry's efforts at misinformation via suborned scientists and 'astroturf' counter-advocacy operations such as FOREST. See also Action on Smoking and Health Anti-Cigarette League of America Anti-tobacco movement in Nazi Germany List of smoking bans List of cigarette smoke carcinogens National Non-Smoking Week Patrick Reynolds, an anti-smoking activist Philip Morris v. Uruguay Plain tobacco packaging Smoking age Smoking ban Smoking bans in private vehicles Terrie Hall (1960 – 2013), anti-smoking activist who died from smoking Tobacco advertising Tobacco packaging warning messages Tobacco politics Tobacco-Free College Campuses