expenses rests with the resident. Some CCRCs offer a fourth type of contract, Type D or rental agreements, which generally require no entrance fee, but a monthly fee for basic independent living amenities, with guaranteed access to CCRC services and health care. Type D contracts are essentially pay-as-you-go, and residents take on the risk of all expenses and their increases in exchange for little or no entrance fee. Few CCRCs offer an equity model, in which the resident owns the residential unit that may be resold later. Most CCRCs offer more than one type of contract with some options introduced in response to recent economic conditions. Consumer selection of contract types appears to favor the type of contract the CCRC has offered the longest, rather than any particular analysis. Even though a CCRC's entrance fees (in Type A, B, and sometimes C contracts) represent in part lump-sum long-term care insurance premiums (or prepayments of future costs) paid by all non-rental residents upon entry for health care that is used at any given time by only a small subgroup, the "sweet spot" for the entrance fees appears to be determined not actuarially but by whether it resembles locally affordable housing, viz., whether the entry fee is at or below the local market home values. Entrance fees are sometimes marketed as fees to "reserve your home". Most residents raise the money for entrance fees by selling their homes. Ziegler reports as of its March 2017 poll that Type A and C contracts are increasing in popularity and that entrance fees have and will increase. A simple and rough way to compare contracts is to calculate the total expected combined entrance and monthly fees over a typical resident's expected lifetime in the community, i.e., the simple actuarial model. Regulations and risks In 2010, the US Government Accountability Office (GAO) reported to the US Senate's Special Committee on Aging that CCRCs can provide benefits to older Americans, but not without some risk. Specific risks vary by CCRC and by state. CCRCs are primarily regulated by states rather than by the federal government. States generally license CCRC providers, monitor and oversee their financial condition, and have regulatory provisions designed to inform and protect consumers. California, Florida, Illinois, New York, Pennsylvania, Texas, and Wisconsin all had the regulatory authority to financially examine CCRCs to assess financial condition or viability. The U.S. Department of Health and Human