been reduced to one congregation of only about forty people. Although large numbers of losses were due to individuals leaving for other churches, some departures involved many people at once. For example, over 100 communicant members left First Boston congregation when their pastor left the denomination in 1912, while Craftsbury, Vermont and Second Newburg (Newburgh, New York) congregations left the denomination as entire congregations, in 1906 and 1919 respectively. After the mid-1910s, even the founding of new congregations was uncommon, with only three each in the 1920s and 1930s, and none at all between 1937 and 1950. Beliefs and practices The Reformed Presbyterian Church has held to the Westminster Confession of Faith and Catechisms since the 17th century. Instead of adopting revised versions of the Confession, as most other Westminsterian Presbyterian churches in North America have done, the RPCNA instead holds to the original Westminster Confession, but states a few objections in its official testimony, which it prints side-by-side with the Confession. Today, the RPCNA denied only three small portions of the original Confession, besides qualifying the Confession's naming of the Pope as Antichrist. In view of its confessional adherence, the RPCNA is doctrinally close to other Reformed denominations. Historically, the "distinctive principles" of Reformed Presbyterians were political: they held to a continuing obligation of the Covenants, both National and Solemn League, upon all who had sworn them and upon all their descendants, and the belief that governmental rejection of such documents caused the government to become immoral or even undeserving of obedience. This led them to reject the government of Scotland after the Glorious Revolution, as well as those of Ireland and England, which had also acknowledged but later dropped the Covenants. Furthermore, as the American colonies had been under English jurisdiction at the time of the Solemn League, the United States was held as responsible to uphold the Covenants. Since the Constitution contains no reference to Christ or to the Covenants, Reformed Presbyterians refused to vote, hold governmental office, serve on juries, or swear any oath of loyalty to the United States government or any lower government; Canadian members similarly refrained from such activities. Members who did participate in the political process would typically be disciplined by their congregational session. Although the RPCNA held these principles firmly for many decades, it moderated its positions beginning in the 1960s; by 1969, the official position allowed members to vote and