on gardening by Thomas Whately, and the of Jean-Marie Morel (1776). Girardin created the garden at Ermenonville to be a series of tableaux to be seen from various points at different times of day. The artist Hubert Robert contributed drawings for its design. The park occupied , lying in a valley along the River Launette. It took ten years to build the garden; ponds needed to be drained and the river had to be diverted. The gardens were ornamented with follies representing a Gothic tower, an obelisk, the Temple of Philosophy (left unfinished to represent the incompleteness of human knowledge), and a hermit's hut. The 17th-century mansion sat on an island in the middle; northwards was all farmland, and to the west, towards the village, was , a wildlife garden. Girardin filled the garden with metaphors representing philosophical Renaissance and Mediaeval themes. The philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau spent the last weeks of his life in a cottage in this garden, in a part that had been inspired by his novel (Julie, or the New Heloise). On his death he was interred on an island in the river, the Île des Peupliers; the neo-classical tomb and its attendant grove of poplar trees were depicted in several prints of the period – it became a place of pilgrimage for his many admirers. On October 11, 1794, his body was removed and reinterred in the Pantheon in Paris near the remains of Voltaire. Because of its connection with Rousseau, the garden has attracted many famous visitors, including Joseph II of Austria, King Gustave III, the future Czar Paul I of Russia, Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, Danton, Robespierre, Chateaubriand, Queen Marie Antoinette and Napoleon Bonaparte. The Chateau de Pompignan (works 1745–80, garden mainly 1766–74) This landscape garden with its follies was built by Jean-Jacques Lefranc de Pompignan, a friend of Rousseau. It featured picturesque structures and mysterious ruins, and the walks and views took advantage of the park's site on a hillside overlooking the Garonne valley and, in the far distance, the chain of the Pyrenees, stretched out along the southern horizon. The chateau is still inhabited, and although the parc has been neglected for a very long time, vestiges of the works and walks are still to be seen. Parc Monceau, Paris (1773–78) Parc Monceau was designed by Louis Carrogis Carmontelle (15 August 1717 – 26 December 1806), a French dramatist, painter, architect, set