of Lorenz rifles, none of them were translated into English. Variants The Lorenz rifle was produced in three different variants, designed for short, medium, and long range combat. The short range version, which was the most common, had less of a twist in the rifling and lacked long range sights. The medium range version had more of a twist in the rifling to increase long range accuracy and had movable long range sights. The long range version had an even greater twist in the rifling as well as a finer adjustable sight. This long-range version was intended only for use by elite fighting units. The rifle was also produced in two different patterns, the 1854 and the 1862. The Pattern 1862 had a different type of lock plate that more closely resembled that used on the Enfield. Pattern 1862 rifles were also more consistent in their manufacturing. A large number of Lorenz rifles purchased by the Union during the Civil War had their barrels bored to .58 caliber so that they could fire the same ammunition as the Enfield and Springfield rifle-muskets. The boring on these rifles suffered from the same lack of consistency that was found in the original manufacturer of the rifles. Confederate purchased rifles were kept in .54 caliber. The finish on the rifles varied. Some were blued, some browned, and others were polished bright. Users Austrian Empire Bolivia Confederate States France Redshirts (Italy) Second Mexican Empire Principality of Montenegro Peru Polish-Lithuanian-Ruthenian Commonwealth (January Uprising) Kingdom of Saxony United States Conflicts Occupation of Danubian Principalities 1855-1857 Second Italian War of Independence 1859 Expedition of the Thousand 1860-1861 Brigandage in southern Italy 1861-1870 American Civil War 1861-1865 Montenegrin–Ottoman War 1861–62 January Uprising 1863-1864 Second Schleswig War 1864 Second French intervention in Mexico 1861-1867 (Austrian Voluntary Corps December 1864 – 1866) Austro-Prussian War 1866 Third Italian War of Independence 1866 Franco-Prussian War 1870-1871 War of the Pacific 1879-1883 See also Weapons of the Austro-Hungarian Empire Rifles in the American Civil War References Rifled muskets American Civil War rifles Weapons of the Confederate States of America Rifles of Austria