is about several tactics or methods to bring the good progress of a surprise attack: nocturnal attacks, false abandonment of position, creation of feelings of confidence or superiority in the enemy to then profit from it, etc. . There are also many logistical directives relating to expeditions into enemy territory as well as several instructions on espionage and the estimation of enemy forces. Chapter XVIII-On the Studying of Various Heathen and Roman Formations This chapter deals with the battle formations that the Romans can adopt in attack or defense, as well as those of other peoples and their possible countermeasures. There is a description of strategies, customs, histories and fighting cultures: The Persians who are presented as loosely disciplined troops, motivate by spoils and zeal for their false worship. The ancient Scythians who influenced the Turks and Bulgarians in their surprise attack tactics. The Bulgarian Christians who are presented as the vassals of the empire. The Turks are presented as formidable fighter, non-Christian, greedy for money, without words whose author describes in detail their equipment and formations. The Franks and Lombards are described as brave Christians, who love war, impatient, easy to corrupt, badly endure long privations and who should be the vassals of the Empire. The Slavs are Christians described as indefatigable fighter, being able to undergo long deprivation, but refused the vassalage of the Empire. The author even mentions religious conversions made by the Emperor Basil I . The Saracens or Arabs are presented as continual unholy adversaries of the Empire, whose military genius places them above other nations and who should not be overlooked, because they imitate and repeat the tactics of the Romans. In addition to the many tactics and battle order presented, there are also several speeches by the author on the defense of the Christian faith, here are some of them: “[…] always be ready to shed your blood for the support of the faith Christianity, as well as the defense of the faithful […] ”,“ […], we detest their ungodliness, and make war on them for the support of the faith. "And" The zeal of our soldiers will be animated, when they will know that they are fighting for the faith, […] and the rest of all Christians”. Chapter XIX-On Naval Warfare This section deals with naval warfare which is described as poorly documented by the author and which was transmitted orally between