to convince the Israelites that they could conquer the land: However, the Israelite community believed the majority's conclusions. All of the spies, except Joshua and Caleb, were struck down with a plague and died. Joshua was at first a fierce warrior. He was chosen as the representative from his tribe, Ephraim, to explore the land of Canaan, and was in agreement with Caleb that the Promised Land could be conquered. After the incident with the 12 spies, Joshua lived through the 40 year wandering period, and was named successor to Moses as instructed by God. Joshua completed the task of leading the Israelites into the Promised Land and of taking possession of it. Joshua also was the leader in renewing the Mosaic covenant with their God. Caleb was from the tribe of Judah. He was also chosen to explore the land of Canaan, and he was (along with Joshua) the other man who said that the God of Israel could help the Israelite people to victory against the Canaanites. God promised Caleb and Joshua that they would receive the land which they had explored for themselves and their descendants. Caleb was also told that he would live to go into the Promised Land. The names of the twelve spies were: Shammua, son of Zaccur, from the tribe of Reuben Shaphat, son of Hori, from the tribe of Simeon Caleb, son of Jephunneh, from the tribe of Judah Igal, son of Joseph, from the tribe of Issachar Hoshea (Joshua), son of Nun, from the tribe of Ephraim Palti, son of Raphu, from the tribe of Benjamin Gaddiel, son of Sodi, from the tribe of Zebulun Gaddi, son of Susi, from the tribe of Manasseh Ammiel, son of Gemalli, from the tribe of Dan Sethur, son of Michael, from the tribe of Asher Nahbi, son of Vophsi, from the tribe of Naphtali Geuel, son of Maki, from the tribe of Gad The word "spies" may be an incorrect translation. The Hebrew word that the Torah uses is מרגלים ("meraglim"), which means "spy". In , the Hebrew word describing the group is also the word usually translated as "men" or the word usually translated as "princes". In addition, the twelve were clearly not trained as spies, nor did they conduct any covert activity, nor is there an account that they enlisted indigenous people for help. Thus, the phrase "Twelve Scouts" or "Twelve Observers"