junds of Hims, Dimashq (Damascus) and Urdunn (Jordan). They were involved in a rivalry with the Qahtan for tribal preeminence in Syria in these districts and in Jund Filastin (Palestine), where the dominant tribe was the Judham. The Judham was politically divided, with one section opting for alignment with the Qahtan and a junior faction opting for the Quda'a. Meanwhile, in the northern regions of Jund Hims, i.e. Qinnasrin and the Jazira, the north Arabian Qays were dominant, forming the third faction in Syrian tribo-politics. During the rule of the Umayyad caliphs Mu'awiya I () or Yazid I () the Qinnasrin–Jazira was administratively separated from Jund Hims, due to the dominance of the Qays in those regions. After the death of Yazid and his son and successor, Mu'awiya II, in 683 and 684, the Quda'a, Kinda, Ghassan, as well as the South Arabian Akk and Ash'ar, rallied behind another Umayyad candidate for the caliphate, Marwan I, while the Qahtan of Hims and Qays supported the anti-Umayyad Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr of Mecca. At the Battle of Marj Rahit in 684, the Qahtan and Ansar of Hims joined the Qays tribal faction in opposition to the Umayyads and their tribal allies. The battle ended in a rout for the anti-Umayyad forces, but soon afterward the Qahtan, Quda'a, Kinda, Judham and others allied to form the Yaman (Yemeni) faction, in opposition to the Qays, who maintained their rebellion from the Jazira. In the later Umayyad period, during and after the Third Fitna, the troops of Hims were ill-disposed to the dynasty. Upon hearing of the death of al-Walid II (), they refused to recognize his successor Yazid III () and elected Mu'awiya ibn Yazid, a grandson of Husayn ibn Numayr of the Sakun clan of Kinda as their leader. Although Yazid put down the revolt, he offered the tribal nobility of Hims significant sums and appointed Mu'awiya ibn Yazid governor. After Yazid's death, the troops of Hims refused to accept the legitimacy of Caliph Ibrahim () and rebelled against Caliph Marwan II (), though the household of Husayn ibn Numayr backed him. Governors Rashidun period (638–661) Iyad ibn Ghanm al-Fihri (639–641) Sa'id ibn Amir ibn Hidhyam al-Jumahi (641–642) Umayr ibn Sa'd al-Ansari (642–646) Mu'awiya ibn Abi Sufyan (646–661) Abd al-Rahman ibn Khalid ibn al-Walid (at least 653/654–666) Umayyad period (661–750) Nu'man ibn Bashir al-Ansari (666–678; governed under Mu'awiya I) Malik ibn Hubayra