Basque name "Ruisko" in honour of what Oppenheimer believed to be the Iberian origin of R1b. A filmmaker named Artem Lukichev created (circa 2009) a 14-minute animated film based on a Bashkir epic from the Ural Mountains, relating the epic to the emergence and geographical expansion of R1a and R1b. DNA tests that assisted in the identification of Czar Nicholas II of Russia found that he belonged to R1b. This may suggest that the later Czars of the House of Romanov, descended in the male line from the House of Holstein-Gottorp (which originated in Schleswig-Holstein) are also members of R1b. Health Studies have shown that haplogroup R1b could have a protective effect on the immune system. However, later studies have confirmed that the Y-chromosome has a very limited effect on coronary artery disease (CAD), for example, and that the previously purported link between Y-chromosome haplogroups and health is far from established scientifically. See also Atlantic modal haplotype Genealogical DNA test Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of Europe Notes References Bibliography External links R1b Pre-Indo-Europeans Indo-European genetics R