species of mosquitoes were responsible for the vast majority of human malaria and other diseases. This generated a considerable interest in the taxonomy of this and other mosquito genera. The species of the subgenera Baimaia, Lophopodomyia, and Stethomyia are not of medical importance. All species within the subgenus Anopheles known to carry human malaria lie within either the Myzorhynchus or the Anopheles series. Anopheles maculipennis s.l. is a known vector of West Nile virus. Six species in the subgenus Kerteszia can carry human malaria. Of these, only An. bellator and An. cruzii are of importance. Anopheles bellator can also transmit Wuchereria bancrofti. Several species of the subgenus Nyssorhynchus are of medical importance. All series of the subgenus Cellia contain vectors of malarial protozoa and microfilariae. Five species of anopheline mosquitoes (An. arabiensis, An. funestus, An. gambiae, An. moucheti, An. nili) all belonging to the subgenus Cellia are responsible for over 95% of total malaria transmission for Plasmodium falciparum in continental sub-Saharan Africa. Anopheles sundaicus and An. subpictus are important vectors of Plasmodium vivax. Species evolution The Anopheles gambiae complex has a number of important malaria vectors. A chromosomal study suggests that An. merus is the basal member of this complex and is sister species to An. gambiae. The two species An. quadriannulatus A and An. quadriannulatus B - neither of whom are vectors for malaria - are derived from An. gambiae. The subgenera Anopheles and Cellia appear to be sister clades as do Kerteszia and Nyssorhynchus. Species listing Species that have been shown to be vectors of human malaria are marked with a star (*) after the name. Subgenus Anopheles Anopheles anthropophagus Xu & Feng 1975 Anopheles confusa Anopheles derooki Soesilo & Van Slooten 1931 Anopheles gracilis Theobald 1905 Anopheles hollandi Taylor 1934 Anopheles obscura Tenorio 1975 Anopheles papuae Swellengrebel & Swellengrebel de Graaf 1919 Anopheles simmondsi Tenorio 1977 Anopheles travestita Brug 1928 Section Angusticorn Series Anopheles Anopheles algeriensis Theobald 1903 Anopheles concolor Edwards 1938 Anopheles marteri subspecies marteri subspecies sogdianus Keshishian Complex Claviger (Coluzzi et al. 1965) Anopheles claviger* Meigen 1804 Anopheles petragnani Del Vecchio 1939 Group Aitkenii (Reid & Knight, 1961) Anopheles aberrans Harrison & Scanlon 1975 Anopheles acaci Baisas 1946 Anopheles aitkenii James 1903 Anopheles bengalensis Puri 1930 Anopheles borneensis McArthur 1949 Anopheles fragilis Theobald 1903 Anopheles insulaeflorum Swellengrebel & Swellengrebel de Graaf 1919 Anopheles palmatus Rodenwaldt 1926 Anopheles peytoni Kulasekera Harrison & Amerasinghe 1989 Anopheles pilinotum