and are emphasis. Singular pronouns may occur as either the subject or the object, but the plurals are always subjects (see -daha). In free variation with ind and int before /h/ In free variation with įxt before /h/ Biloxi has two common demonstratives: de 'this' and he 'that'. They may be marked for plurality as denani and henani, but that is very rare since they are used if plurality is unmarked elsewhere, and it is marked on the verb in noun phrases with classificatory verbs: ąya atąhį amą de 'these running men' Verbs Verbs inflect for person (1st, 2nd, 3rd), number (singular vs. plural), and mode (many possibilities, including some less-well understood mode markers). Morphemes within verbs have the following order: Very occasionally an enclitic will proceed -tu, e.g. supi xti tu 'they are very black'. Verbs may either be classificatory or normal. Classificatory verbs specify the subject's position (sitting, standing, etc.) and differ from normal verbs in that the first person is not inflected for person. Inflection for person and number is identical to inflected nouns: nk- 1st person ay- 2nd person Ø- 3rd person -tu pluralizes referent of prefix (not used for inanimate subjects) Because of the rules determining the surface manifestations of some combinations of person markers, 2nd person on 1st and 3rd person on 1st forms are identical, e.g. yaxtedi 'you hit me, he hit me'. Also, 2nd person subj., 2nd person on 3rd, and 3rd person on 2nd are identical, e.g. idǫhi 'you see, you see him, they see you'. -tu marks animate plurality (except with some motion verbs). įkcatu ni 'we have not forgotten you' nkyehǫtu ni 'we did not know' However, -tu is not used: In the presence of the plural auxiliary yuke 'are': dǫhi yuke 'they were looking at it' When the sentence has already been marked as plural: aditu ką, hidedi nedi 'they climbed up, and were falling continually' If it is followed by a plural motion verb: dą kahi hą 'they took it and were returning' Some (but not all) verbs of motion mark plurality with the prefix a- inserted directly before the root: de 'he goes' nkade 'we go', ayade 'you (pl.) go', ade 'they go' kide 'he goes homeward' xkade 'we go homeward' But there are counterexamples (even ones derived from the same roots): kade 'he goes thither' xkadetu 'we go thither', ikadetu 'you (pl.) go thither' daha