the volunteer service, but chose to stay in the regular army. He was appointed colonel of the 27th U.S. Infantry Regiment. He received a promotion to brigadier general in 1867 and a brevet promotion to major general in 1869. During this time, General Smith served along the frontier. He was posted to command Fort Phil Kearney (following the Kearny Massacre in 1868), and played a vital role in renewing peaceful negotiations with Red Cloud and in overseeing the removal of troops from Fort Phil Kearney. He is described as "A favorite of Red Cloud's...[and] respected among the Sioux Indians." Afterwards he was chosen by Red Cloud to accompany the 1870 Sioux delegation to Washington, where he was photographed (along with other delegates) by famous documentary photographer Mathew Brady. He retired from the army in 1881. Smith resided in Chicago, Illinois during his final years of life and died there on January 29, 1897. He is buried in Galena. See also List of American Civil War generals (Union) Bibliography of the American Civil War Bibliography of Abraham Lincoln Bibliography of Ulysses S. Grant References Eicher, John H., & Eicher, David J., Civil War High Commands, Stanford University Press, 2001, . Korn, Jerry, The Fight For Chattanooga: Chickamauga to Missionary Ridge, Time-Life Books, 1985 1816 births 1897 deaths Union Army generals Swiss emigrants to the United States People from Bern People of Illinois in the American Civil War 18th-century soldiers Military personnel from Illinois