continued sailing westward, commanded by Juan Sebastián Elcano, and managed to return to Sanlúcar de Barrameda, Spain in 1522. Subsequent expeditions After Magellan's expedition, four more expeditions were made to the islands, led by García Jofre de Loaísa in 1525, Sebastian Cabot in 1526, Álvaro de Saavedra Cerón in 1527, and Ruy López de Villalobos in 1542. In 1543, Villalobos named the islands of Leyte and Samar Las Islas Filipinas in honor of Philip II of Spain, at the time Prince of Asturias. Conquest of the islands Philip II became King of Spain on January 16, 1556, when his father, Charles V, abdicated both the Spanish and HRE thrones, the latter went to his uncle, Ferdinand I. On his return to Spain in 1559, the king ordered an expedition to the Spice Islands, stating that its purpose was "to discover the islands of the west". In reality its task was to conquer the Philippine islands. On November 19 or 20, 1564, a Spanish expedition of a mere 500 men led by Miguel López de Legazpi departed Barra de Navidad, New Spain, arriving at Cebu on February 13, 1565. It was this expedition that established the first Spanish settlements. It also resulted in the discovery of the tornaviaje return route to Mexico across the Pacific by Andrés de Urdaneta, heralding the Manila galleon trade, which lasted for two and a half centuries. See also Anito Antonio de Morga Antonio Pigafetta Barangay (pre-colonial) Baybayin Boxer Codex Butuan (historical polity) Cainta (historical polity) Caboloan Dambana Datu Enrique of Malacca Ferdinand Magellan First Mass in the Philippines Tondo (historical polity) Lacandola Documents Lakan Lapulapu List of sovereign state leaders in the Philippines Luzones Ma-i Madja-as Maginoo Maharlika Maynila (historical polity) Philippine shamans Pintados Pulilu Rajah Rajah Humabon Rajahnate of Butuan Rajahnate of Cebu Sandao Sanmalan Sultanate of Maguindanao Sultanate of Sulu Suyat Thimuay Timawa Warfare in pre-colonial Philippines Tawalisi Use of gold in early Philippine history History of the Philippines Prehistory of the Philippines History of the Philippines (Spanish Era 1521–1898) History of the Philippines (American Era 1898–1946) History of the Philippines (Third Republic 1946–65) History of the Philippines (Marcos Era 1965–86) History of the Philippines (Contemporary Era 1986–present) References Further reading Scott, William Henry. (1984). Prehispanic Source Materials for the Study of Philippine History (Revised Edition). New Day Publishers, Quezon City. . External links Pre-colonial Manila History of the Philippines by period