by 1909, D. M. Thornton: a study of missionary ideals and methods and The Reproach of Islam. Upon his return to Cairo after his year of absence to study Arabic and Islam during 1910-11, Gairdner found himself in a much different role than he had before. Gairdner was put to a much more technical aspect of the mission. His role now included much more grammatical work in Arabic as well as being the Mission secretary. This role was not his forte and he found great difficulty in dealing with the administrative tasks and transactions of an organisation. After Gairdner’s time as Mission secretary he began experimenting in the medium in which the gospel could be shared. Between 1921 and 1925 Gairdner began to take biblical narratives and presenting them in dramas. This was eventually shut down by the CMS who instead advocated for the establishment of an Arabic Anglican Church. Gairdner took great delight in this church and saw that its growth was much more important than his own production of literature. Some of his last endeavours before his death in 1928 include his speaking on "Brotherhood, Islam’s or Christ’s" at a Scottish Missionary Conference in 1922 as well as the composition of several literary works. These works include Arabic-language commentaries on Galatians, Hebrews, and Philippians and The Values of Christianity and Islam. Selected works D.M. Thornton: a study in missionary ideals and methods (1908) The Reproach of Islam (1909) Echoes From Edinburgh 1910: An Account and Interpretation of the World Missionary Conference (1910) The Verse of Stoning in the Bible and the Qur'an (1910) The Eucharist as Historical Evidence (1910) God as Triune, Creator Incarnate, Atoner: A Reply to Muhammadan Objections and an Essay in Philosophic Apology (1916) "Mohammed without Camouflage: Ecce Homo Arabicus," Moslem World 9, (1917): 25–57. "The Christian Church as a Home for Christ's Converts from Islam," Moslem World 14, (1924): 235–246. The Muslim Idea of God (1925) Commentary on Galatians (in Arabic) Commentary on Hebrews (in Arabic) Commentary on Philippians (in Arabic) Translations The Niche for Lights (Mishkât Al-Anwar, 1924) For a more complete bibliography, see Lyle L. Vander Werff, Christian Mission to Muslims, the Record: Anglican and Reformed Approaches in India and the Near East, 1800–1938 (South Pasadena, CA: William Carey Library, 1977), 279–282; and Constance E. Padwick, Temple Gairdner of Cairo (London: Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, 1929), 327–330. See also Douglas Gairdner