In Panama, dancehall reggae sung in Spanish language by artists of Latin American origin is known as Reggae en Español (in English, Spanish reggae). It originated in the late 1980s in Panama. Reggae en Español goes by several names; in Panama, it is called "La Plena panameña". Currently, reggae en Español contains three main subgenres: reggae 110, reggae bultrón, and romantic flow. In addition, and although technically they would not fall into the category of reggae en Español even though it derived from Jamaican dancehall rhythms, reggae en Español also includes two music fusions: Spanish dancehall and reggae soca. History Early developments Reggae as a musical genre has its origins in Jamaica, and it became popular throughout the 1970s in the black-immigrant communities of the other British West Indies, North America, and Great Britain. Jamaican reggae was embraced in Panama by the descendants of black workers that immigrated to the Isthmus during the construction of the Panama Railroad (mid-19th century), the railways for the banana companies (late 19th century), and the Panama Canal (early 20th century). Prior to the period of construction of the Panama Canal (1904–1915), most of the Afro-Caribbean communities in Panama were of Haiti descent, but with the construction of the canal these communities grew in diversity with immigrants from other parts of the Caribbean such as Jamaica, Barbados, Martinique, Guadeloupe, Haiti, Trinidad, Dominica, Puerto Rico, French and British Guyana and other Caribbean Islands. In 1977, a Guyanese immigrant who went by the nickname "Guyana", along with a local DJ known as "Wassabanga" introduced for first time the reggae rhythms in Panama with lyrics in Spanish. Wassabanga's music along with later interpreters such as Rastanini and Calito Soul, were perhaps the first remarkable cases of reggae en Español, at a time when many Panamanians were already developing a musical and spiritual bond with the Mecca of reggae music (Kingston, Jamaica), a bond catalyzed mainly by the call to arms issued by the music of Bob Marley. In 1984, Hernando Brin produced the first record in Panamá of reggae in Spanish on vinyl, called "Treatment", composed by Calvin Caldeira (Omega) from Guyana, Hector Watler(Mesias), Erick Green (Gringo), Edgert Robinson (Body) and Hernando Brin (Super Nandi). The record was produced by record label Prodim in Panama, and it included the first song "Padre Por Favor Educa a los Niños" ("Father Please Educate the Children"). In the early to mid-1980s,