Diana Agrest, Mario Gandelsonas, Rafael Moneo, Robert Stern, Bernard Tschumi, Michael Graves, Richard Meier, Kenneth Frampton, Manfredo Tafuri and Anthony Vidler, among others. While the original institute helped shape much of the autonomous theoretical discourse that dominated architectural culture in the last 30 years of the 20th century, the new institute concentrates more on applied theory and research utilizing new technology, cross-disciplines, materials and methods. While there are other architecture organizations in New York they are primarily places for exhibitions and lectures. They provided little in the way of debate, criticism, multidisciplinary experimentation, progressive education, improvisation and applied theory. While schools of architecture like Columbia University, Cooper Union, and Pratt Institute have better success at creating greater intellectual friction and stimulation than the above-mentioned private organizations, they are to a great degree hampered by the requirements of professional accreditation. Affiliations Hampshire College Mt. Holyoke College NYU | Gallatin School of Individualized Study Amherst College References External links The Institute for Architecture & Urban Studies Official Website Finding aid for the Institute for Architecture and Urban Studies fonds, Canadian Centre for Architecture (digitized items) Hampshire College affiliation Archinect listing Architecture schools in New York City Landscape architecture schools Design schools in the United States Non-profit organizations based in New York City Urban studies and planning schools