oncology: focuses on treatment of cancer with radiation. Clinical oncology: focuses on treatment of cancer with both systemic therapies and radiation. Sub-specialties in Oncology: Neuro-oncology: focuses on cancers of brain. Ocular oncology: focuses on cancers of eye. Head & Neck oncology: focuses on cancers of oral cavity, nasal cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx and larynx. Thoracic oncology: focuses on cancers of lung, mediastinum, oesophagus and pleura. Breast oncology: focuses on cancers of breast. Gastrointestinal oncology: focuses on cancers of stomach, colon, rectum, anal canal, liver, gallbladder, pancreas. Bone & Musculoskeletal oncology: focuses on cancers of bones and soft tissue. Dermatological oncology: focuses on the medical and surgical treatment of skin, hair, sweat gland, and nail cancers Genitourinary oncology: focuses on cancers of genital and urinary system. Gynecologic oncology: focuses on cancers of the female reproductive system. Pediatric oncology: concerned with the treatment of cancer in children. Adolescent and young adult (AYA) oncology. Hemato oncology: focuses on cancers of blood and stem cell transplantation. Preventive oncology: focuses on epidemiology & prevention of cancer. Geriatric oncology: focuses on cancers in elderly population. Pain & Palliative oncology: focuses on treatment of end stage cancer to help alleviate pain and suffering. Molecular oncology: focuses on molecular diagnostic methods in oncology. Nuclear medicine oncology: focuses on diagnosis and treatment of cancer with radiopharmaceuticals. Psycho-oncology: focuses on psychosocial issues on diagnosis and treatment of cancer patients. Veterinary oncology: focuses on treatment of cancer in animals. Emerging specialties: Cardiooncology is a branch of cardiology that addresses the cardiovascular impact of cancer and its treatments. See also Cancer research Comparative oncology Oncology nursing Oncometabolism Tumour heterogeneity Warburg effect (oncology) Organizations American Cancer Society American Cancer Society Cancer Action Network American Cancer Society Center American Society of Clinical Oncology Canadian Cancer Society Cancer Research UK National Cancer Institute National Comprehensive Cancer Network Programme of Action for Cancer Therapy References Further reading External links