stresses, in combination with strain restrictions along a bilayer surface, this can lead to elongation of areas of the lipid bilayer by elastic shear or viscous shear. This eventually leads to a deformation of a typical spherical bilayer into different budding shapes. Such shapes are not restricted to be symmetrical along their axes, but they can have different degrees of asymmetry. In FE analysis this results in budding equilibrium shapes like, elongate plates, tubular buds and symmetric budding. References Biotechnology Membrane biology