A shared church (), simultaneum mixtum, a term first coined in 16th-century Germany, is a church in which public worship is conducted by adherents of two or more religious groups. Such churches became common in the German-speaking lands of Europe in the wake of the Protestant Reformation. The different Christian denominations (such as Roman Catholic, Lutheran, Reformed, or United, etc.), share the same church building, although they worship at different times and with different clergy. It is thus a form of religious toleration. Simultaneum as a policy was particularly attractive to rulers who ruled over populations which contained considerable numbers of both Catholics and Protestants. It was often the opposite of cuius regio, eius religio and used in situations where a ruler was of a different religion than the majority of the people, and not strong enough to impose his religion on the population. During the Nine Years' War (1688–1697), Louis XIV of France occupied the Electorate of the Palatinate, a Protestant region situated mainly in the western part of what is today Germany, where he introduced the simultaneum. At the end of the war the region returned to Protestant control, but a last-minute addition to the Treaty of Ryswick provided for a continuation of the simultaneum. Although intended to apply only to the Palatinate, the simultaneum was subsequently also applied in portions of Protestant Alsace (a region ruled by France, but where the Edict of Fontainebleau was not enforced). Examples Belgium Olne, province of Liège; a simultaneum was introduced in 1649 France Béarn - there used to be a simultaneum there between 1561–1569 Old Saint Peter's Church, Strasbourg, Alsace; now divided into separate Protestant and Catholic churches Wissembourg, Alsace: there was a so-called trimultaneum, with a Catholic, Lutheran, and Reformed congregation sharing one church Germany Altenberg im Bergischen Land, Altenberger Dom, since 1857 Catholic-United simultaneum Althaldensleben, Double Church, Catholic-United simultaneum until the present day Bautzen, St. Peter's Cathedral, oldest Catholic-Lutheran simultaneum since 1524 Bechtolsheim, Ss. Mary and Christopher, Catholic-United simultaneum until the present day Berlin, French Church of Friedrichstadt, Calvinist-United simultaneum since 1981 St. Martin's Church, Biberach, Catholic-Lutheran simultaneum until the present day Biebelsheim, St. Martin's Church, Catholic-United simultaneum until the present day Boos upon Nahe, Simultaneum, Catholic-United simultaneum until the present day Brauneberg, St. Remigius Church, Catholic-United simultaneum until the present day Braunfels, Castle Church, since 2005 a Catholic-United simultaneum Wildenreuth, St. James' Church, Catholic-Lutheran simultaneum until the