for animals to be given rights. However, Singer has disagreed with deep ecology's belief in the intrinsic value of nature separate from questions of suffering. Zimmerman groups deep ecology with feminism and civil rights movements. Nelson contrasts it with ecofeminism. The links with animal rights are perhaps the strongest, as "proponents of such ideas argue that 'all life has intrinsic value'". David Foreman, the co-founder of the radical direct-action movement Earth First!, has said he is an advocate for deep ecology. At one point Arne Næss also engaged in direct action when he chained himself to rocks in front of Mardalsfossen, a waterfall in a Norwegian fjord, in a successful protest against the building of a dam. Some have linked the movement to green anarchism as evidenced in a compilation of essays titled Deep Ecology & Anarchism. The object-oriented ontologist Timothy Morton has explored similar ideas in the books Ecology without Nature: Rethinking Environmental Aesthetics (2009) and Dark Ecology: For a Logic of Future Coexistence (2016). Notable advocates of deep ecology David Abram Michael Asher Thomas Berry Wendell Berry Leonardo Boff Fritjof Capra Michael Dowd Charles Eisenstein Vivienne Elanta David Foreman Warwick Fox Chellis Glendinning Edward Goldsmith John Michael Greer Félix Guattari Paul Hawken Martin Heidegger Julia Butterfly Hill Derrick Jensen Lierre Keith Paul Kingsnorth Bernie Krause Satish Kumar Dolores LaChapelle Gilbert LaFreniere Pentti Linkola Joanna Macy Jerry Mander Freya Mathews W. S. Merwin Sergio Rossetti Morosini Peter Newman Helena Norberg-Hodge David Orton Val Plumwood Theodore Roszak Elena Sharoykina Paul Shepard Gary Snyder Timothy Sprigge Richard Sylvan Douglas Tompkins Robin Wall Kimmerer Oberon Zell-Ravenheart John Zerzan See also Biocentrism (ethics) Biophilia hypothesis Biotic ethics Coupled human-environment system Earth liberation Ecocentrism Ecofascism Ecological civilization Ecosocialism Ecosophy Gaianism Intrinsic value (animal ethics) Negative population growth OpenAirPhilosophy Voluntary human extinction movement Hierarchy theory Scale (analytical tool) References Additional sources Bender, F. L. 2003. The Culture of Extinction: Toward a Philosophy of Deep Ecology Amherst, New York: Humanity Books. Katz, E., A. Light, et al. 2000. Beneath the Surface: Critical Essays in the Philosophy of Deep Ecology Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press. LaChapelle, D. 1992. Sacred Land, Sacred Sex: Rapture of the Deep Durango: Kivakí Press. Passmore, J. 1974. Man's Responsibility for Nature London: Duckworth. Drengson, Alan. "The Deep Ecology Movement." The Green Majority, CIUT 89.5 FM, University of Toronto, 6 June 2008. Further reading Glasser, Harold (ed.) 2005. The Selected Works of Arne Næss,