that were 23 mm to 26 mm in diameter, weighing around 4.1 g. The kingdom's name was inscribed on the obverse and "Holy Treasure" () on the reverse; the kingdom also issued paper notes. Impact on the Hakkas With the collapse of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, the Qing dynasty launched waves of massacres against the Hakkas, killing 30,000 Hakkas each day throughout China during the height of the Hakka massacres. Similar purges were taken while defeating the Red Turban Rebellion (1854–1856). In Guangdong, Governor Ye Mingchen oversaw the execution of 70,000 people in Guangzhou, eventually one million people were killed throughout central Guangdong. Another major impact was the bloody Punti-Hakka Clan Wars (1855 and 1867), which would cause the deaths of a million people. The Cantonese opera was purged clean. See also Millennarianism in colonial societies Notes References Citations Sources Works cited Further reading For a fuller selection, please see the section Taiping Rebellion: Further reading Narrative history, with emphasis on the military aspects. . External links 撕下历史的 "面膜"读潘旭澜教授《太平杂说》 Former countries in Chinese history States and territories established in 1851 States and territories disestablished in 1864 19th century in China 19th-century rebellions Rebellions in the Qing dynasty Taiping Rebellion Christianity in China Former theocracies Peasant revolts Civil wars involving the states and peoples of Asia Civil wars of the Industrial era 1851 establishments in China 1864 disestablishments in China Millenarianism Monarchism in China Former monarchies of Asia Former kingdoms