rate of family violence in Indigenous Australian communities, especially in the Northern Territory, is high. A 2002 National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Social Survey reported that, in the 12 months preceding the survey, 24 per cent of Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander people aged 15 years or over had been a victim of physical or threatened violence. The Indigenous population was experiencing family violence at over twice the rate of the non-Indigenous population, and the problem was worst in remote areas. However a 2006 publication by the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare reported: Prominent Indigenous academic Marcia Langton, when appearing on ABC Television's Q&A in 2016, said that the rate of violence against Indigenous women was around 34 times greater than the national rate, and, in the worst areas, up to 80 times. Fact-checking by The Conversation showed that she was broadly correct, although accurate figures were not available. There is no single cause for this high rate, but several probable causes or aggravating factors have been suggested by various researchers and stakeholders, including: dispossession of land and subsequent displacement of communities; childhood abuse experienced by the Stolen Generations, along with intergenerational trauma; economic disadvantage; violent family environments; poor health; inadequate housing; racism; loss of Aboriginal identity; and many others. An AIHW survey covering eight years to 2019, published in December 2021, revealed that Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people comprised 28 per cent of all hospitalisations due to family violence, despite only making up 3.3% of the total population. Various reasons were suggested by experts, including Aboriginal men's control of decision-making, and limited independence for women owing to economic factors; barriers in access to services; racism by some police and other services; and lack of enough Aboriginal-run organisations providing culturally safe services. As the federal government was drafting its new national strategy in September 2021, prominent Indigenous leaders urged Women's Safety Minister Anne Ruston to develop a separate, targeted plan for the Indigenous community. At the National Women's Safety Summit in September 2021, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Social Justice Commissioner June Oscar said that a "one-size-fits-all-attitude" would not work to protect Indigenous women. Marcia Langton said that the current plan had not worked, because nobody had listened to Indigenous women in the communities. In February 2022, Ruston announced that an extra would be allocated "to boost frontline services in the Northern Territory in response to the