the management of adult C. bezziana include: ectopor, diazinon, nagasunt and coumaphos. When trying to prevent infestation of livestock and other animals, proper spraying and dipping with these insecticides can help in management control. Sterile insect technique The sterile insect technique (SIT), also known as sterile insect release method (SIRM), is a control method in which sterile insects are released to mate with other wild insects. Usually, the males are sterilized using radiation and then dispersed in a population to compete with wild males. If a sterile male mates with a wild female, she will produce no offspring, reducing the new population. There have been studies involving Chrysomya bezziana and the sterile insect technique. In 1989, an experiment proved that SIRM had success rates similar to its New World relative Cochliomya hominivorax, which was successfully eradicated from North America in 1982. The success of SIT as an eradication method depends on the number of sterile insects released, on how competitive the sterile insects are in relation to their wild counterparts, and on whether the female insect mates multiple times. SIT is supported by the extensive use of pesticides. To this date, however, Chrysomya bezziana has not been eradicated using this method. Vaccination In 2000, vaccination of livestock against Chrysomya bezziana was explored. The results were promising in-vitro (outside of the body in controlled environments, like a petri dish) and in-vivo (tested with living animals). The animals vaccinated led to C. bezziana larvae with lower weights. The effects of larvae with lower weights could lessen the damage caused to the living tissue of the maggots, and it is possible that it could also reduce the fly development. The potential of vaccination as a control source was still unresolved, as the immunological mechanisms are very complex and follow-up studies need to be conducted. Case studies A case study reported in 2009 involving Chrysomya bezziana included a 65-year-old woman with skin cancer. The woman had facial squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). A tumor developed as an ulcer on her left cheek and the woman did not keep the wound covered. When the ulcer began to spread, she did not seek any treatment for the myiasis for two years. Ultimately, the case was handled by removal of the larvae using forceps until about 60 larvae were removed. The patient was discharged and two days later returned to have 10 more larvae removed from her face.