Sudanese Americans are Americans of Sudanese ancestry, or Sudanese who have American citizenship. Sudanese Americans may also include children born in the United States to an American (or of other origin) parent and a Sudanese parent. Many Sudanese immigrated to the United States in the 1990s as war refugees, escaping of civil war in Sudan. In the 2012 American Community Survey, 48,763 people identified themselves as Sudanese or Sudanese Americans who—or whose ancestors—have emigrated from their native land to the U.S. in the 1980s, 1990s and 2000s. History With the Civil War in Sudan, in 1983, many Sudanese and South Sudanese were settled in refugee camps in other neighboring African countries (Egypt, Ethiopia, Kenya, Uganda). Since 1990, Sudanese refugees in these camps have been accepted in the United States. So, most of the refugees from Sudan arrived in the United States after 1991, although most them hailed from South Sudan (who arrived to this country, basically, from 2001, although also were established there some Sudanese refugee communities from North Sudan). So, many North Sudanese were established in places such as Maine (settling them eventually in cities such as Portland - where they arrived in 1993, being the Darfurian people one of the early Sudanese people in settled there - and Lewiston), or Omaha, Nebraska (where already had a Sudanese community in 1997). Demography According to the 2000 Census, the largest Sudanese communities (the 2000 US census did not distinguish between North and South as South Sudan was not yet an independent nation) were New York City, Detroit, Des Moines (in Iowa), Alexandria (Virginia) in the Washington DC metropolitan area, Los Angeles and San Diego. Sudanese and South Sudanese American communities are also found in other cities such as Greensboro, NC, Dallas, TX, Flint, MI, Washington Metropolitan Area and many other cities. The states of Virginia, Washington, Maryland, California, Idaho, Minnesota and North Carolina have the largest Sudanese populations of United States. It is known that at least since 1997, many Sudanese and South Sudanese live in Omaha, Nebraska. There are 10 Sudanese and South Sudanese tribes, among which are the North Sudanese Maban people. According to the UNO School of Social Work, in Omaha Sudanese communities from Sudan's Central provinces from the Nuba Mountains and Darfur have been established. Other Sudanese immigrants were also established there. Seventeen tribes (with around 2,000 Sudanese and South Sudanese, between them, the South Sudanese