to garner much enthusiasm from private individuals. The company was launched with only around half the capital it originally sought to raise. The end The Companhia proved unsuccessful. Investors remained skeptical, overseas Portuguese merchants rejected the new Companhia's authority, and the Anglo-Dutch breach of the old Portuguese empire in Asia had become irreparable, squeezing margins on the spice trade. The Companhia proved unprofitable, and soon ceased operating and was liquidated in April, 1633. The Casa da Índia and the India trade was brought back under the supervision of the Conselho da Fazenda (royal finance council). See also List of trading companies References Further reading Disney, A.R. (1977) "The First Portuguese India Company, 1628-33", Economic History Review, Vol. 30 (2), p. 242-58. Chartered companies Portuguese Empire Portuguese India Defunct companies of Portugal Colonial Indian companies Maritime history of Portugal Trading companies 1628 establishments in Portugal 1633 disestablishments in Portugal Companies established in 1628 1620s establishments in Portuguese India