to the Polish Baudienst, Germans created similar Heimatdienst (lit. "homeland service", Ukrains'ka Sluzhba Bat'kivschyni, USB) for the Ukrainians, and a similar one for the Goralenvolk. Volksdeutsche were immune from the service (but could volunteer, and some did for the higher-ranking positions such as foreman), and Polish Jews were already forced to labor in the ghettos and labor-concentration camps. See also Forced labor in Germany during World War II Organisation Todt Sonderdienst External links Elżbieta Laska, Praca przymusowa Polaków na rzecz III Rzeszy Okupacja niemiecka, cz.4 Bezkarni oprawcy z Baudienst, gazeta.pl, 2007-07-20 Further reading Mścisław Wróblewski, Służba Budowlana (Baudienst) w Generalnym Gubernatorstwie, 1940–1945, 1984, Państwowe Wydawn. Nauk. (Warszawa), Jan Grabowski, Hunt for the Jews: Betrayal and Murder in German-Occupied Poland, 2013 References Poland in World War II Economy of Nazi Germany Unfree labor during World War II 1940 establishments in Poland 1940 establishments in Germany