The United Nations Fish Stocks Agreement (UNFSA), otherwise known as the Straddling Fish Stocks Agreement (formally, the Agreement for the Implementation of the Provisions of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea of 10 December 1982 relating to the Conservation and Management of Straddling Fish Stocks and Highly Migratory Fish Stocks) is a multilateral treaty created by the United Nations to enhance the cooperative management of fisheries resources that span wide areas, and are of economic and environmental concern to a number of nations. As of December 2016, the treaty had been ratified by 91 parties, which includes 90 states and the European Union. Straddling stock are fish stocks that migrate through, or occur in, more than one exclusive economic zone. The Agreement was adopted in 1995, and came into force in 2001. Highly migratory fish is a term which has its origins in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. It refers to fish species which undertake ocean migrations and also have wide geographic distributions, and usually denotes tuna and tuna-like species, shark, marlin and swordfish. Straddling fish stocks are especially vulnerable to overexploitation because of ineffective management regimes and noncompliance by fishing interests. See also Fisheries management Admiralty law Notes References United Nations Conference on Straddling Fish Stocks and Highly Migratory Fish Stocks The Quest for Sustainable International FisheriesRegional Efforts to Implement the 1995 United Nations Fish Stocks Agreement: An Overview for the May 2006 Review Conference External links Procedural history and related documents on the United Nations Fish Stocks Agreement in the Historic Archives of the United Nations Audiovisual Library of International Law 2001 in the environment Fisheries treaties United Nations treaties Treaties concluded in 1996 Treaties entered into force in 2001 Treaties of Bangladesh Treaties of Chile Treaties of Ecuador Treaties of Morocco Treaties of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Treaties of Nigeria Treaties of Indonesia Treaties of Tuvalu Treaties of Panama Treaties of Mozambique Treaties of Slovakia Treaties of Hungary Treaties of Oman Treaties of Palau Treaties of South Korea Treaties of Romania Treaties of the Czech Republic Treaties of Lithuania Treaties of Latvia Treaties of Bulgaria Treaties of Niue Treaties of Trinidad and Tobago Treaties of Japan Treaties of Estonia Treaties of Slovenia Treaties of Poland Treaties of Liberia Treaties of Guinea Treaties of Kiribati Treaties of Belize Treaties of Kenya Treaties of Sweden Treaties of Spain Treaties