and when the EU Member State has not transposed the directive by the deadline. The Court reasoned that if the directive did not have direct effect, then it would lose its relevance. Therefore, directives had to have direct effect. They changed their reasoning later in Pubblico Ministero v Ratti, but the principle persisted. See also EU law Direct effect References Court of Justice of the European Union case law 1974 in case law 1974 in the United Kingdom Home Office litigation Scientology litigation Scientology in the United Kingdom United Kingdom labour case law European Union labour case law 1974 in the European Economic Community