are accurate. For many years, she was invariably known as Mademoiselle Docteur or Fräulein Doktor, her actual name being revealed only in 1945 from German intelligence documents captured by the Allies after World War II, when she had already died of miliary tuberculosis in 1940. Her nickname acknowledges the fact that she had a doctoral degree in political science, not psychology as some fictional portrayals have claimed, from the University of Freiburg. Her death early in the Second World War makes it unlikely that she contributed materially to the war effort even if some have claimed that she again engaged in espionage activities. See also Stamboul Quest – 1934 American film starring Myrna Loy Mademoiselle Docteur (also known as Salonique nid d’espions and Street of Shadows) – 1937 French film directed by G.W. Pabst Mademoiselle Doctor (also known as Under Secret Orders) – 1937 English film directed by Edmond T. Gréville, an English version of the above, shot at the same time, but with some cast changes. Fräulein Doktor – 1969 film, an Italian/Yugoslavian co-production Mata Hari – 1985 film; Elsbeth Schragmüller is shown as the master spy. References Notes External links The Films of 'Fraulein Doctor' German women in World War I World War I spies for Germany Female wartime spies 1887 births 1940 deaths Tuberculosis deaths in Germany People from Petershagen University of Freiburg alumni German Army personnel of World War I Recipients of the Iron Cross (1914), 1st class Academic staff of the University of Freiburg 20th-century deaths from tuberculosis Spymasters German women academics