The Innovative Medicines Initiative (IMI) is a European initiative to improve the competitive situation of the European Union in the field of pharmaceutical research. The IMI is a joint initiative (public-private partnership) of the DG Research of the European Commission, representing the European Communities, and the European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations (EFPIA). IMI is laid out as a Joint Technology Initiative within the Seventh Framework Programme. Michel Goldman was the first executive director, from September 2009 until December 2014. The Innovative Medicines Initiative is aimed towards removing research bottlenecks in the current drug development process. The IMI Joint Technology Initiative (IMI JTI), to be implemented by the IMI Joint Undertaking is meant to address these research bottlenecks. Its €2bn budget makes it the largest biomedical public-private partnership in the world. The funding scheme has been criticised, requiring universities to invest more money than with EU FP7 programs. Besides the non-competitive financial aspects of participation in IMI projects for academia, this criticism also discusses that intellectual property is freely flowing to industry. The Sixth Framework Programme's research projects InnoMed AddNeuroMed and InnoMed PredTox acted as pilot projects establishing the feasibility of this particular public-private partnership. Since then, the IMI has had four funding rounds: the first call had the topic Safety, while the second call was about Efficacy. Projects for these two calls are ongoing. The IMI 2 started in 2014 and will run until 2024, while the IMI 1 is still running. Overall budget is €3.276 billion, taken for half from the European Horizon 2020 program. Goals of that second calls are to improve clinical trials success rate, deliver clinical proof of concept, biomarkers and new medicines. IMI-Train In September 2014 IMI-TRAIN, an IMI/ENSO-funded education and training collaboration to support biomedical scientists and professionals, has been launched. IMI-TRAIN will serve as a collaboration platform for the currently IMI-funded education and training projects: EMTRAIN: European Medicines Research Training Network Eu2P: European programme in Pharmacovigilance and Pharmacoepidemiology Pharmatrain: Pharmaceutical Medicine Training Programme SafeSciMET: Safety Sciences Modular Education and Training See also International Labour Organization World Intellectual Property Organization References External links European Union technology policy Horizon 2020 projects Joint undertakings of the European Union and European Atomic Energy Community Pharmaceutical industry Science and technology in Europe