education. Even where people statistically do have access to an improved water source such as a communal borehole that in some cases is shared by up to 175 families, they sometimes have to wait for more than four hours before they can get water. Infrastructure Water infrastructure in Rwanda consisted of 15 urban and about 796 rural water systems in 2002. Urban water systems are fed by water from 17 water treatment plants. Rural water systems feed mostly standpipes. Handpumps using groundwater and managed springs provide water separately from water systems. Some rural water systems are large and complex. For example, in 2001 there were 50 water systems that spanned more than one district and 10 water systems that spanned more than one province. The largest one serves 120,000 users in villages several miles apart. Although these systems are "piped," this typically means that water is distributed to water points in the village where users must go to retrieve water. Water Infrastructure Source: Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper 2002, p. 51 and p. 25, quoting the 2001 inventory of rural water supply systems Despite favorable rainfall, little use is made of rainwater harvesting, except by a few health centers and churches. Concerning sanitation, only about 15% of urban wastewater is collected through sewers. As far as sanitation in institutions is concerned, only 20% of primary schools in both rural and urban areas have latrines. The situation in secondary schools, prisons, health centers and markets is also poor. Service quality About half of rural water schemes did not function in 2004 according to an extensive field survey. Water resources and water use Rwanda has abundant rainfall and water resources, totalling per year. However, deforestation and erosion affect the productivity of springs, which are the main source of water supply in rural areas. Rwanda has 22,300 springs registered in a spring inventory. Total water use was estimated at in 2000, of which 24% ( per year) was for domestic uses, corresponding to only 4 cubic meters per capita per year or about 11 liters per capita per day (140 cu ft/capita/yr or about 3 U.S. gallons or 2½ imperial gallons/capita/day). Another source estimates total water use at per year in 1993, of which 5% ( per year) were for domestic uses. Development of the water sector From 1990–1993 the country was engulfed in a Civil War, followed by a massive Genocide in 1994.