Bayors ( or , Russian bayors), were a group of Russian noble families who had entered Swedish service in the late 16th–early 17th centuries and were incorporated into the Swedish nobility. The word is derived from Russian 'boyar' and in Swedish language of the early modern era it referred to all Russian noblemen. Of these, the most notable were the families: Rosladin () Baranoff () Aminoff (, branches later re-introduced in Russia as ) Kalitin/Callentin () Butterlin (, Buturlin) Zebotaioff/Sabotaioff (, not etc.), one branch later known as Apolloff (, not Аполловъ etc.) Pereswetoff-Morath ( (, not )) Clementeoff () https://www.adelsvapen.com/genealogi/Clementeoff_nr_1956 (wrong coat-of-arms in the picture above) Nassokin (, not ) https://www.adelsvapen.com/genealogi/Nassokin_nr_740 (wrong coat-of-arms in the picture) Golawitz () Rubzoff (; originally not a noble family but of Smolensk posadskie liudi), which were all immatriculated ('introduced') at the Swedish House of Nobility (for their immatriculation numbers, see the List of Swedish noble families). In 1818, those families resident east of the Bothnian were similarly immatriculated at the Finnish House of Nobility, then in the Russian Grand Duchy of Finland (compare the List of Finnish noble families). The coats-of-arms granted by the kings of Sweden almost invariably allude to military prowess and tend to include weaponry which was regarded as 'Muscovite' (sabres, bows and arrows, maces; sometimes ‘tamed’ or ‘Swedicised’ by the crown within which they are crossed), mounted warriors and ‘northern’ animals. Of particular importance as a model, was the coat-of-arms of the Aminoffs. During the seventeenth century, most of the bayor families were closely associated with the province of Ingria, where they were supposed to constitute a part of the ruling class that might be more acceptable to the Orthodox, to a large extent Russian, population than was the Lutheran Swedish and German nobility. Simultaneously, however, the bayors were expected to raise their sons as good Lutherans in order to retain an 'eligibility' to offices in the state and in the army. This fact led to nearly full integration into the Swedish nobility by the end of the seventeenth century, although at home, and especially among the women, Orthodoxy and syncreticism may still have been fairly widespread. The bayor families practiced endogamy to a large extent in the 17th century, which might have allowed Russian traditions to live on ‘at home’ but show increasingly less outwardly. This is to be contrasted with the state of affairs in c.1640 when