After 4 years of hostilities Kraus was removed from all offices in 1937, forced to retire and banned from publishing. Kraus moved to Dresden where he undertook 1937-1938 some work commissioned by Columbia University. Subsequently he worked on a textbook of international law and a book on Georg Friedrich von Martens but the drafts of these works were destroyed in the Dresden bombing in February 1945. Post-war period (1945-1965) 1945 Kraus was reinstated as professor in Göttingen. However, he did not return to Göttingen before 1947 because he was defense counsel of the former president of the Reichsbank Hjalmar Schacht at the Nuremberg Trials. Back in Göttingen he worked on rebuilding the Institute of International Law and matters concerning the status of the former eastern territories of Germany under international law. He was one of the founders of Gettingen working group (Göttinger Arbeitskreis) in 1948. He was chairman of the advisory group of the Federal German Government on the Treaty of Paris (1951). Kraus retired in 1953. In 1964 he was awarded the Federal Great Cross of Merit with Star of the Bundesverdienstkreuz. He died in Göttingen in 1965. Private life Herbert Kraus was married to the American sculptor Katharina Hobson-Kraus (born 1889). She left Germany in 1935 and they divorced in 1939. Works (extract) Die Monroedoktrin und ihre Beziehung zur Amerikanischen Diplomatie und zum Völkerrecht, Berlin, 1913. Interesse und zwischenstaatliche Ordnung, NZIR, Bd. 49, 1934, S. 22-65. Carl Schmitt, Nationalsozialismus und Völkerrecht, NZIR, Bd. 50, 1935, S. 151-161. Internationale Gegenwartsfragen – Völkerrecht, Staatsethik, internationale Politik, Würzburg, 1963. Literature Heiko Meiertöns: An International Lawyer in Democracy and Dictatorship - Re-Introducing Herbert Kraus, in: EJIL, Vol. 25 (2014), pp. 255-286. Dietrich Rauschning, Herbert Kraus (1884-1965), in: Die Albertus-Magnus-Universität zu Königsberg und ihre Professoren (Hrsg: Dietrich Rauschning, Donata v. Nereé), Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, 1994, S. 371-382. Frank Halfmann: Eine „Pflanzstätte bester nationalsozialistischer Rechtsgelehrter“: Die juristische Abteilung der Rechts- und Staatswissenschaftlichen Fakultät, in: Die Universität Göttingen unter dem Nationalsozialismus (Hrsg.: Heinrich Becker u.a.), München u.a.: K.G. Saur, 1987 References External links History, Institute of International Law, University of Göttingen: 1884 births 1965 deaths Jurists from Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania International law scholars Knights Commander of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany The Hague Academy of International Law people Heidelberg University alumni Leipzig University alumni Columbia University alumni Harvard University alumni University of Paris alumni Academic staff of the University of