the law in August 1963, concluding it to be constitutional. The university's refusal to allow the men to speak on the physical campus was used as the basis for a lawsuit against the university and the State of North Carolina. On February 19, 1968, a three-judge federal district court in Greensboro deliberated for 10 minutes before declaring the Speaker Ban Law invalid due to vagueness. Memorial In 2011, an engraved granite marker with a bronze plaque was erected near the spot where Aptheker and Wilkinson spoke. References External links I Raised My Hand to Volunteer University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill The 60s in North Carolina PBS Finding Aid for the Speaker Ban Law Collection University of North Carolina at Greensboro Selected Bibliography University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 1963 in American law North Carolina law Speaker Ban 1963 in North Carolina University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill landmarks African-American history of North Carolina Anti-communism in the United States Freedom of speech in the United States