a street within the Old City of Jerusalem, believed to be the path that Jesus walked, bearing the cross, towards his crucifixion. It is also another name for the fourteen Stations of the Cross, which depict these final hours of his life – The Passion. While Howard's fourteen paintings reference The Passion, the creation of the series was in fact provoked by one of the most shocking photographs to emerge from the Abu Ghraib prison in Iraq. Detainees routinely endured torture and humiliation at the hands of American military personnel, as exposed through the media. The particular image was of a prisoner standing on a box, hooded and wired with electrodes; thus the box becomes the modern day equivalent of the Cross – a tool of humiliation and torment. Thus, the paintings offer a broader commentary on the universality of human rights abuses and people's capability for cruelty towards each other. A publication accompanies the work with texts by art historian and curator Joachim Pissarro and Shami Chakrabarti. Joachim Pissarro has described the series as "sublime", in accordance with Immanuel Kant's Critique of Judgement'': It is this idea of limitlessness that Howard seeks to engage with, the belief that human suffering is never-ending, hence the name of the work – Repetition is Truth. Selected solo exhibitions 1999 'Rachel Howard: New Paintings', A22 Gallery, London, UK 2001 'Painting 2001', Anne Faggionato, London, UK. 2002 'Tightrope', Shaheen Modern and Contemporary Art, Ohio, USA. 2003 'Can't Breathe Without You', Anne Faggionato, London, UK. 2003 'Guilty', Bohen Foundation, New York, USA. 2007 'Fiction/Fear/Fact', Bohen Foundation, New York, USA. 2007 'Rachel Howard - New Paintings', Gagosian Gallery, Los Angeles CA, USA. 2008 'How to Disappear Completely - New Work by Rachel Howard', Haunch of Venison, London, UK. 2008 'Rachel Howard: invited by Philippa van Loon', Museum van Loon, Amsterdam, Netherlands. 2009 'Der Wald', Haunch of Venison, Zurich, Switzerland. 2010 'Human Shrapnel - oil drawings on paper', Other Criteria, New Bond, London, UK. 2011 'Folie A Deux', Blain|Southern, 21 Dering Street, London, UK. 2011 'Repetition is Truth', Via Dolorosa, Museo Madre, Naples, Italy. 2011 'Still Life / Still Here Rachel Howard New Paintings', Sala Pelaires, Palma, Mallorca, Spain. 2014 'Northern Echo' Blain|Southern, Hanover Square, London, UK. 2015 Rachel Howard At Sea 'Jerwood Gallery' Hastings, UK. 2016 Rachel Howard MACRO Testaccio, Rome, Italy. 2018 'Der Kuss' Blain|Southern, Hanover Square, London, UK. 2018 'Repetition is Truth - Via