which Kleutgen spent outside Rome at the shrine of Our Lady in Galloro, where he continued to work on his theological magnum opus, Theologie der Vorzeit and Philosophie der Vorzeit. Later life Later in his life Kleutgen was instrumental in the drafting of the dogma of papal infallibility. Pope Pius IX, found him useful because he was one of the most ardent proponents of papal infallibility. After the opening of the first Vatican council, at the urgent request of several bishops, especially Archbishop Steins, Apostolic Vicar of Calcutta, his Superior General, then Peter Beckx, recalled him to Rome to place his talents and learning at the disposal of the council, and Pope Pius IX removed all ecclesiastical censures. Gustav Adolf, Cardinal Prince of Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst, Katharina of Hohenlohe's relative and a theological adversary of Kleutgen, had not succeeded in using the Sant'Ambrogio scandal to block Kleutgen's rise. After the end of the Papal States in 1870, he lived in exile until a new pope, Pope Leo XIII, called ­Kleutgen back to Rome, where he helped draft the encyclical Aeterni Patris. In 1879 some Old Catholics who had split from the catholic church on the issue of papal infallibility spread the report that Kleutgen had been condemned by the Roman Inquisition to an imprisonment of six years on account of complicity in the poisoning of the Princess von Hohenlohe; but, on 7 March, Juvenal Pelami, Notary of the Inquisition, testified that Kleutgen had never been summoned before the Inquisition upon such a charge, and consequently had not been punished by it. Although rumors had circulated, it was only in the 1970s that the first couple of files about the affair were discovered, and it wasn’t until 1998 that all of the documents were found. Kleutgen died at St. Anton near Kaltern, Tyrol. Works Kleutgen's principal works are: "Die alten und die neuen Schulen" (Mainz, 1846, Münster, 1869); "Ueber den Glauben an das Wunderbare" (Münster, 1846); "Ars dicendi" (Rome, 1847; Turin, 1903); "Die Theologie der Vorzeit" (3 vols., Münster, 1853–60, 5 vols., 1867–74); "Leben frommer Diener und Dienerinnen Gottes" (Münster, 1869); "Die Philosophie der Vorzeit" (2 vols., Münster, 1860-3; Innsbruck, 1878), translated into French and Italian, and recently (2019) into English by William H. Marshner as "Pre-Modern Philosophy Defended"; "Die Verurteilung des Ontologismus" (Münster, 1868); translated into French and Italian; "Zu meiner Rechtfertigung" (Münster, 1868); "Vom intellectus agens und den angeborenen Ideen"; "Zur