worker, a physician, and a mystic, who exercises both magical and moral authority. He is also respected as a dispenser of amulets, which protect the wearer—Muslim or non-Muslim—against evil. The influence of marabouts has produced a number of reactions in Ivoirian society, among them a series of reformist movements inspired by Wahhabist puritanism, which originated in nineteenth-century Saudi Arabia. These reform movements often condemn Sufism and marabouts as un-Islamic. Hamallism began as an Islamic reform movement in the French Sudan early in the twentieth century, and has provided a channel for expressing political and religious discontent. Its founder, Hamallah, was exiled from the French Sudan to Ivory Coast during the 1930s. He preached Islamic reform tempered by tolerance of many local practices, but he condemned many aspects of Sufism. Orthodox brotherhoods were able to convince the French authorities in Ivory Coast that Hamallah had been responsible for earlier political uprisings in the French Sudan. Authorities then expelled Hamallah from Ivory Coast and banned his teachings. According to the 2021 census, about 42.5% of the population is Muslim, making Islam the largest religion in the country. Between the 2014 and 2021 censuses, the Muslim share of the population slightly decreased from 42.9% to 42.5%. This coincides with the declining share of foreign migrant workers, most of whom being Muslim. Christianity About one-eighth of the population was Christian in the 1980s; more recent estimates put the proportion of Christians at about 32.6% of the population. In general, Christianity is practiced by the middle class and in urban centers of the south. It is most prevalent among the Agni and Lagoon cultures of the southeast, least so among the Mandé of the northwest. Roman Catholicism is the largest Christian denomination, but Methodist, Baptist, and a number of smaller mission churches also exist. Between the 2014 and 2021 censuses, the Christian share of the population increased from 33.9% to 39.8%. Baháʼí Faith The Baháʼí Faith was first established in the country in the 1950s and given a push in 1990 of the arrival of about 200 Liberian refugees, by 1993 there was a small community of around 1000 Baháʼís living under the guidance of 25 local spiritual assemblies in Ivory Coast. Hinduism Hinduism has a small presence in the country. The Ananda Marga runs a school in Abidjan. There is a Brahmakumari Ashram and a Satya Saibaba Group in Abidjan. The International Society for