and aberrations of the Reformers. The "predetermination" and "predefinition" of Báñez and his contemporaries, who included others besides Dominicans, emphasized, on the part of God's knowledge and providence, a priority to, and independence of future free acts, which, in the Catharino-Molinistic theories, seemed to them less clearly to fall under God's causal action. These terms, however, are used by St. Thomas himself. The words "physical premotion" were meant to exclude, first a merely moral impulse and, secondly, a concurrence of the Divine causality and free will, without the latter's subordination to the First Cause. That such terms, far from doing violence to the teachings of their great leader, are their true expression, has, of course, been an unvaried tenet of the Thomistic school. One of the presiding officers of the Congregatio de Auxiliis, Cardinal Madruzzi, speaking of Báñez in this connection, said: 'His teaching seems to be deduced from the principles of St. Thomas and to flow wholly from St. Thomas's doctrine, although he differs somewhat in his mode of speaking.' References External links Volz, John. Domingo Bañez. The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 2. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1907. 17 Dec. 2014. 1528 births 1604 deaths Writers from Valladolid Spanish Dominicans 16th-century Spanish Roman Catholic theologians Latin commentators on Aristotle University of Salamanca alumni Academic staff of the University of Salamanca 16th-century Spanish philosophers School of Salamanca 17th-century Spanish philosophers