additional features, most of which no longer exist today: Cheer–chair merger towards . Non-rhoticity (or r-dropping). A possibility of both variants of Canadian raising: pronounced as something like as , but possibly before a voiceless consonant. pronounced as , but before a voiceless consonant. pronounced as in a closed syllable, in an open syllable. pronounced as in a closed syllable, in an open syllable. pronounced as . pronounced as , with possible remnant pronunciations using even older . pronounced as , or possibly pronounced as or . Pamlico and Chesapeake The "Down East" Outer Banks coastal region of Carteret County, North Carolina, and adjacent Pamlico Sound, including Ocracoke and Harkers Island, are known for additional features, some of which are still spoken today by generations-long residents of its unincorporated coastal and island communities, which have largely been geographically and economically isolated from the rest of North Carolina and the South since their first settlement by English-speaking Europeans. The same is true for the very similar dialect area of the Delmarva (Delaware–Maryland–Virginia) Peninsula and neighboring islands in the Chesapeake Bay, such as Tangier and Smith Island. These two regions historically share many common pronunciation features, sometimes collectively called a High Tider (or "Hoi Toider") accent, including: Rhoticity (or r-fulness, like in most U.S. English, but unlike in most other older Atlantic Southern dialects) , such as the vowel in the words high tide, retaining its glide and being pronounced beginning further back in the mouth, as or even rounded , often stereotyped as sounding like "hoi toid," giving Pamlico Sound's residents the name "High Tiders." is raised to (so cattle sounds like kettle); is raised to (so that mess sounds like miss); and, most prominently, is raised to (so fish sounds like feesh). This mirrors the second and third stages of the Southern Vowel Shift (see under "Newer phonology"), despite this particular accent never participating in the very first stage of the shift. pronounced as , similar to modern Australian or London English. , as in loud, town, scrounge, etc., pronounced with a fronted glide as . Before a voiceless consonant, this same phoneme is . , as in chair, square, bear, etc., as . Card–cord merger since at least the 1800s in the Delmarva Peninsula. Piedmont and Tidewater Virginia The people of the major central (Piedmont) and eastern (Tidewater) regions of Virginia, excluding Virginia's Eastern Shore, once spoke in a