This is a list of cases reported in volume 310 of United States Reports, decided by the Supreme Court of the United States in 1940. Justices of the Supreme Court at the time of volume 310 U.S. The Supreme Court is established by Article III, Section 1 of the Constitution of the United States, which says: "The judicial Power of the United States, shall be vested in one supreme Court . . .". The size of the Court is not specified; the Constitution leaves it to Congress to set the number of justices. Under the Judiciary Act of 1789 Congress originally fixed the number of justices at six (one chief justice and five associate justices). Since 1789 Congress has varied the size of the Court from six to seven, nine, ten, and back to nine justices (always including one chief justice). When the cases in volume 310 were decided the Court comprised the following members: Notable Cases in 310 U.S. Thornhill v. Alabama Thornhill v. Alabama, 310 U.S. 88 (1940), is a US labor law case. In it the Supreme Court reversed the conviction of the president of a local union for violating an Alabama statute that prohibited only labor picketing. Thornhill was peaceably picketing his employer during an authorized strike when he was arrested and charged. In reaching its decision, the Supreme Court decided that the free speech clause protects speech about the facts and circumstances of a labor dispute. The statute in the case prohibited all labor picketing, but the Thornhill decision added peaceful labor picketing to the area protected by free speech. United States v. Socony-Vacuum Oil Company United States v. Socony-Vacuum Oil Company, 310 U.S. 150 (1940), is a landmark anti-trust decision of the Supreme Court widely cited for the proposition that price-fixing is illegal per se. Socony has been cited and quoted many times for its statements that the rule against price-fixing is sweeping, and was, at least until recently, the most widely cited case on price fixing. Cantwell v. Connecticut In Cantwell v. Connecticut, 310 U.S. 296 (1940), the Supreme Court held that the First Amendment's federal protection of religious free exercise incorporates via the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment and so applies to state governments too. Minersville School District v. Gobitis Minersville School District v. Gobitis, 310 U.S. 586 (1940), involved the religious rights of public school students under the First