become inflamed and stiff, damage is done to the joint and the growth of the joint may by changed or impaired. The underlying cause in the malfunction of the autoimmune system is unknown; dietary habits and emotional state seem to have no effect on the disease. Diagnosis Early diagnosis and treatment by a pediatric rheumatologist or a rheumatologist can help manage inflammation, relieve pain, and prevent joint damage. However, it is difficult for doctors to diagnose the disease. Careful examination, laboratory tests (blood and urine), and various forms of imaging like X-rays may be some of the tests conducted by a doctor. Doctors may perform some of the following tests to diagnose the condition ANA (Antinuclear Antibody) Test Joint Aspiration Rheumatoid Factor (RF) Test Treatment The treatment of most types of juvenile arthritis include medications, physical therapy, splints and in severe cases surgery. Methotrexate is commonly prescribed to children with juvenile arthritis. These treatments are focused on reducing swelling, relieving pain and maintaining full movement of joints. Children are encouraged to be involved in extra-curricular activities, physical activity when possible, and to live a "normal" life. Epidemiology In the US it affects about 250,000-294,000 children making it one of the most common groups of childhood diseases. References External links National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases - US National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Rheumatology Inflammatory polyarthropathies