(cf. Macedonian pat, Serbian put). With standard Macedonian and some Bulgarian dialects it shares the reflexes of */ĭ, ŭ/ as /e, o/ in words like den ('day') and son ('dream'). With standard Macedonian, standard Serbian and some Bulgarian dialects it shares the retention of syllabic /r/ in words like krv ('blood'). Grammar Morphology The dialect makes a distinction between three genders (masculine, feminine and neuter), seven cases (nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, vocative, locative, instrumental) and two numbers (singular and plural). Grammar Nouns have three grammatical genders (masculine, feminine and neuter) that correspond, to a certain extent, with the word ending so most nouns with -a are feminine, -o and -e neuter, and the rest mostly masculine but with some feminine. The grammatical gender of a noun affects the morphology of other parts of speech (adjectives, pronouns, and verbs) attached to it. Nouns are declined into seven cases: nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, vocative, locative, and instrumental. Nominative: Dōmà ni je ubava. Our house is good. Šo? Genitive: Dǒmà ni je ubava. Our house is good. Koj? Dative: Dǒmī´je ubavo. The house is fine. Komu? Accusative: Nacrtau negua Dōmā. He drew his house. Kogo? Vocative: Dómā, ni trebe! We need a house! Instrumental: Ja živuem so dǒmā. I live with a house. So šo? Locative: Ja som (vo) Dōmá. I am at the house. Če de? Notes References Gorani people South Slavic languages