with the second clause; 'but' 'so, thus' 'and' ( is far more common in texts) 'or' 'purposive' 'then' Subordination Three major classes are relative clauses, complement clauses and adverbial clauses. Relative clauses Relative clauses follow the head N and are introduced by the invariant relative clause marker . They may only be formed on A, S and O and on the argument nominal of a verbless clause. A more detailed explanation is below. Complement clauses Complement clauses are introduced by the subordinator ; otherwise, they are no different from main clauses. Complement clauses occur after verbs of cognition, speech or perception, whereas subordinate clauses (with the exception of relative clauses) occur in focus position; Complement clauses are considered to be intermediate between main and subordinate clauses. In texts, complement clauses in Roviana are rare. Direct quotation is more frequent than subordination to higher predicates of information, while epistemic modals (e.g. 'maybe', 'EMPH) are often used rather than subordination to higher predicates of cognition (ergativity). Adverbial clauses Adverbial clauses occur in focus position and never contain new mentions in core argument positions. They are introduced by a subordinator and followed by the focal particle , a consequence of being in focus position; 'after' 'if' 'while, when' Subordination is extremely limited in Roviana. Subordinate clauses never contain other subordinate clauses, nor do they contain relative clauses. Similarly, relative clauses do not contain either subordinate clauses or relative clauses. Ergativity The subject of an intransitive verb has the same morphological marker as a direct object, and a different morphological marker from the subject of a transitive verb. A – transitive subject, O – transitive direct object, S – intransitive subject, respectively. Whether Roviana is an ergative language or not is argumentative, however; relative clauses in this language can be categorised by ergativity, so it can be described as an ergative language. Relative clauses Relative clauses in Roviana follow the head N and are introduced by an invariant relative marker . The coreferent of the N in the matrix clause is never overt within the relative clause. This feature may be according to whether the notional coreferent within the relative clause is A, S or O. Relative clauses on A Relative clauses on A use clausal nominalisation. The notional A has no overt realisation. The nominalised verb in a relative clause on A carries a suffix 'NSUF', which is also used to index the