Papsukkal () was a Mesopotamian god regarded as the sukkal (attendant deity) of Anu and his wife Antu in Seleucid Uruk. In earlier periods he was instead associated with Zababa. He acquired his new role through syncretism with Ninshubur. Character Papsukkal was originally the sukkal (attendant and messenger deity) of Zababa, tutelary god of Kish. His name is a combination of the Sumerian words pap, "older brother," and sukkal. Papsukkal's eventual rise to prominence at the expense of other similar figures, such as Ninshubur, as well as Kakka and Ilabrat, was likely rooted simply in the presence of the word sukkal in his name. In the context of the so-called "antiquarian theology" relying largely on god lists, which developed in Uruk under Achaemenid and Seleucid rule, he was fully identified with Ninshubur and thus became Anu's sukkal and one of the eighteen major deities of the city. In the Seleucid period he was regarded as the sukkal of both Anu and Antu. Papsukkal was also a protector of the parakku, the seat of Anu. While Papsukkal could be depicted as a deity holding a staff, a typical attribute of a sukkal, he also had an individual symbol, a walking bird. He was represented by it on kudurru (inscribed boundary stones). An omen text associates him with the francolin (Akkadian: ittidû), though a variant instead has the name of the god Kakka in place of Papsukkal. The constellation Orion, known in ancient Mesopotamia as Sipazianna, "the true shepherd of heaven," was regarded as the astral symbol of Papsukkal, as well as Ninshubur and Ilabrat. Associations with other deities Frans Wiggermann proposes that Papsukkal was initially viewed as the son of Zababa. In late sources, his father was Anu. A prayer to Papsukkal additionally calls him "offspring of Enmesharra," possibly indicating that a tradition in which Enmesharra was an ancestor of Anu existed. In one case, Papsukkal is listed right behind Enmesharra in a list of vanquished gods. In another similar list, he was equated with Mummu, according to Wilfred G. Lambert most likely based on their shared status as divine viziers (sukkals). Papsukkal's wife was the sparsely attested goddess Amasagnudi. Three possibilities have been proposed regarding her origin: that she was the original sukkal of Anu, replaced in this role by Inanna's sukkal Ninshubur; that she was an epithet of Ninshubur; or that she was the wife of the male form