as Roma (1861–71), although it is classified often as a suite. Max Bruch (1838–1920), German composer of 3 symphonies Alexis de Castillon (1838–1873), French composer of 2 symphonies Heinrich Schulz-Beuthen (1838–1915), German composer of 8 symphonies (2 others are incomplete) Ferdinand Thieriot (1838–1919), German composer of 9 symphonies plus a sinfonietta Friedrich Gernsheim (1839–1916), German composer of 4 symphonies Victorin de Joncières (1839–1903), French composer of 1 symphony (Symphonie romantique) Eduard Nápravník (1839–1916), Czech–Russian composer of 4 symphonies John Knowles Paine (1839–1906), American composer of 2 symphonies Josef Rheinberger (1839–1901), Liechtensteiner composer of 2 symphonies Alice Mary Smith (1839–1884), English composer of 3 symphonies Louis-Albert Bourgault-Ducoudray (1840–1910), French composer of 2 symphonies (the second, Symphonie religieuse for choir and orchestra) Samuel de Lange jr. (1840–1911), Dutch composer of 5 symphonies Hermann Goetz (1840–1876), German composer of 1 symphony (1 other is incomplete) Ernst Rudorff (1840–1916), German composer of 3 symphonies Johan Svendsen (1840–1911), Norwegian composer of 2 symphonies (A third symphony allegedly was destroyed during an 1883 domestic dispute.) Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky (1840–1893), Russian composer of 6 numbered symphonies; the programmatic Manfred Symphony, Op. 58 (1885) is unnumbered; a seventh symphony, in E, was abandoned in 1892 (Bogatyrev completion c. 1955), with the first movement re-scored in 1894 by the composer as Allegro Brillante for piano and orchestra—see Category of Tchaikovsky symphonies. Elfrida Andrée (1841–1929), Swedish composer of 2 orchestral and 2 organ symphonies Giovanni Bolzoni (1841–1919), Italian composer of 1 symphony Antonín Dvořák (1841–1904), Czech composer of 9 symphonies; many of his symphonies utilize Bohemian folk elements, while the ninth (From the New World, 1893) was inspired by Native American music and African-American spirituals—see Category of Dvořák symphonies. Giovanni Sgambati (1841–1914), Italian composer of 2 numbered symphonies plus "Sinfonia-Epitalamio" and "Sinfonia Festosa" Arrigo Boito (1842–1918), Italian composer of 1 symphony Heinrich Hofmann (1842–1902), German composer of 1 symphony Ödön Mihalovich (1842–1929), Hungarian composer of 4 symphonies Arthur Sullivan (1842–1900), British composer of 1 symphony Edvard Grieg (1843–1907), Norwegian composer of the Symphony in C minor (1864), as well as sketches for a second. Asger Hamerik (1843–1923), Danish conductor and composer of 8 symphonies Heinrich von Herzogenberg (1843–1900), Austrian composer of 8 symphonies Charles Lefebvre (1843–1917), French composer of 1 symphony Miguel Marqués (1843–1918), Spanish composer of 5 symphonies Hermann Graedener (1844–1929), German composer of 2 symphonies Émile Paladilhe (1844–1926), French composer of 1 symphony Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov (1844–1908), Russian composer