a number of districts that included some 30 distinct communities. 2022 temporary Christian missions suspension In July 2022, the Oglala Sioux Tribal Council effected a temporary suspension of Christian missions on the Pine Ridge Reservation. The council called for an investigation into the financial practices of the Dream Center Missionary, and the Jesus is King Mission was ejected from the reservation for spreading pamphlets that the tribe characterized as hateful. Social organization The respected Oglala elder Left Heron once explained that before the coming of the White Buffalo Calf Woman, "the people ran around the prairie like so many wild animals," not understanding the central importance of community. Left Heron emphasized that not only did this revered spirit woman bring the Sacred Pipe to the tribe but she also taught the Lakota people many valuable lessons, including the importance of family (tiwahe) and community (tiyospaye). The goal of promoting these two values then became a priority, and in the words of Dakota anthropologist Ella Cara Deloria, "every other consideration was secondary — property, personal ambition, glory, good times, life itself. Without that aim and the constant struggle to attain it, the people would no longer be Dakotas in truth. They would no longer even be human." This strong and enduring connection between related families profoundly influenced Oglala history. Community (Tiyóšpaye) Dr. John J. Saville, the U.S. Indian agent at the Red Cloud Agency, observed in 1875 that the Oglala tribe was divided into three main groups: the Kiyuksa, the Oyuĥpe and the True Oglala. "Each of these bands are subdivided into smaller parties, variously named, usually designated by the name of their chief or leader." As the Oglala were settled on the Pine Ridge Reservation in the late 1870s, their communities probably looked something like this: Oyuȟpe Tiyóšpaye True Oyuȟpe (Big Road's band). Other members include: Black Elk Wakaŋ Makaicu (Red Dog's band) Oglala Tiyóšpaye True Oglala Caŋkahuȟaŋ (He Dog's band). Other members include: Short Bull; Amos Bad Heart Bull. Hokayuta (Black Twin's band) Huŋkpatila (Little Hawk and Crazy Horse's band) Ité šíčA (Red Cloud's band) Payabya (Young Man Afraid of His Horses's band) Wagluȟe (Chief Blue Horse, American Horse and Three Bear's band) Kiyaksa Tiyóšpaye True Kiyaksa Kuinyan (Little Wound's band) Tapišleca (Yellow Bear's band) Population By 1830, the Oglala had around 3,000 members. In the 1820s and 1830s, the Oglala, along with the Brulé, another Lakota band, and