an accident as the consequences become more severe. However, if people perceive that they are more similar to the perpetrator characteristically or circumstantially, they rate the perpetrator as less culpable for the accident as the severity of consequences increase. If people perceive themselves as less similar, they rate the perpetrator as more culpable. Forer effect (Barnum effect) – Placing high belief in a general, vague description thinking it was meant specifically for an individual. For instance, people interpret horoscopes as applying to their specific situation, when in actuality the horoscope was written to apply to a wide range of people's experiences. Counterfactual thinking – Tendency to think up alternative events or outcomes that might have happened, but did not. Belief perseverance – Tendency to continue to maintain one's beliefs despite firm contradictory information. Self-fulfilling prophecy – Method by which an individual's expectations about other individuals or themselves eventually cause actions in ways that confirm those expectations. Correspondence bias – Tendency to draw inferences about a person's characteristics from behaviors that could be explained by the situation alone. Group Status quo bias – Tendency to favor current or certain circumstances because they are familiar. Any changes to these circumstances are perceived as a loss. Ingroup bias – Tendency to favor one's own group members and their actions over those of outsiders. Stereotyping – Attributing traits to people based on certain traits of the group they are perceived to belong to. Ensemble Coding—also known as ensemble perception or summary representation, is the ability to see the average or variance of a group of objects. There is extensive amounts of information available to the visual system. Interaction Halo effect – Tendency for the observed overall impression of an individual to affect the observers feelings and thoughts about other attributes or traits of the individual. False-consensus effect – Tendency for people to overestimate the magnitude to which people share their behaviors, opinions, and attributes. Base-rate fallacy – Tendency to prefer specific information over Base rate or generic information. Social projection – Tendency for individuals to believe others are similar to themselves. Psychological projection – A defense mechanism people unconsciously use to grapple with challenging feelings or emotions by attributing them to others. This incorporates Blame shifting. Actor-Observer bias – Tendency of those acting in a situation to blame their actions on the situation, while those observing have the tendency to place the blame on