the practical realm, Eitelberger and Jakob Falke co-founded in 1864 the k.k. Österreichisches Museum für Kunst und Industrie (Imperial Austrian Museum for Art and Industry), today the Österreichisches Museum für angewandte Kunst (Austrian Museum for Applied Art), which was inspired by the South Kensington Museum in London. In 1868 he founded the museum's educational component, the Kunstgewerbeschule, today the Universität für angewandte Kunst (University for Applied Art). Legacy Eitelberger insisted on the priority of the object in the history of art, and therefore lectured exclusively in the galleries of his museum. This insistence on the close attention to the visual properties of works of art became a characteristic of the Vienna School of Art History, and was continued by Eitelberger's students and successors, Moritz Thausing, Franz Wickhoff, and Alois Riegl. Eitelberger's simultaneous interest in the historical context of objects, expressed in his series of Quellenschriften, also became a hallmark of the Vienna School, and was pursued in particular by Julius von Schlosser. Eitelberger's commitment to the training of contemporary artists, and his insistence on the importance of the art of the past for art of the present, rendered him a central figure in the historicist movement in 19th-century Austria. He conceived art history and the practice of art as a unity, a principle expressed in his maxim: "He who wishes to pursue art history must possess a natural inclination towards art itself." Notes Works Die Reform des Kunstunterrichts und Professor Waldmüllers Lehrmethode (Vienna, 1848). Cividale in Friaul und seine Monumente (Vienna, 1857). Mittelalterliche Kunstdenkmale des österreichischen Kaiserstaates, two volumes (Vienna, 1858–60). Die preisgekrönten Entwürfe zur Erweiterung der inneren Stadt Wien: mit sieben in der Kaiserlich-Königlichen Hof- und Staatsdruckerei in Farbendruck ausgeführten Plänen und einem erläuternden Texte (Vienna, 1859). Editor, Quellenschriften für Kunstgeschichte und Kunsttechnik des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit, 18 volumes (Vienna, 1871-1908). Gesammelte kunsthistorische Schriften, four volumes (Vienna, 1879–94). Bibliography E. Lachnit, Die Wiener Schule der Kunstgeschichte und die Kunst ihrer Zeit (Vienna, 2005). E. Nebel, Die kunstpädagogischen Ideen, Theorien und Leistungen Rudolf von Eitelbergers (Diss.) (Vienna, 1980). M. Rampley, "The idea of a scientific discipline: Rudolf von Eitelberger and the emergence of art history in Vienna, 1847–1885,’ Art History, 34.1 (2011) 54–79. M. Rampley, The Vienna School of Art History. Empire and the Politics of Scholarship, 1847–1918 (University Park, PA, 2013). External links Eitelberger at the Biographical Dictionary of Art Historians Austrian art historians Austrian people of Moravian-German