There are many different ways of checking validity. For screening measures such as the CAGE, diagnostic accuracy and discriminative validity are probably the most useful ways of looking at validity. *Table from Youngstrom et al., extending Hunsley & Mash, 2008; *indicates new construct or category Limitations The CAGE is designed as a self-report questionnaire. It is obvious to the person what the questions are about. Because talking about drinking behavior can be uncomfortable or stigmatized, people's responses may be subject to social desirability bias. The honesty and accuracy of responses may improve if the person trusts the person doing the interview or interpreting the score. Responses also may be more honest when the form is completed online, on a computer, or in other anonymous formats. Alternatives Some alternatives to the CAGE include: See also Alcoholism AUDIT Questionnaire CRAFFT Screening Test List of diagnostic classification and rating scales used in psychiatry Paddington Alcohol Test Severity of Alcohol Dependence Questionnaire Substance abuse References External links Online version of the CAGE questionnaire AACAP practice parameters for assessment and treatment of children and adolescents with substance use disorders Alcohol and health Drinking culture Alcohol abuse screening and assessment tools