boys have teachers who guide them through the process. These are also referred to as "makishi" ("likishi" is the singular, meaning mask); each likishi has a distinct role. The makishi wear elaborate masks and dyed woven costumes made from barkcloth. The masks are made of wood and embellished with plant fiber, cordage, beads and other materials to convey the age, gender, social rank and power of the archetypes they embody. Signs and symbols on the masks are meant to indicate the forces of the universe. They represent the spirit of a deceased ancestor who returns to the world of the living to assist the boys in their transition from childhood to adulthood. During the ceremony, they will symbolically arise and assemble from the graveyard ("kuvumbuka"). Each boy is assigned a specific likishi, who remains with him throughout the entire process. There are a variety of roles the makishi can take. Although all makishi are men (their identity is never revealed and it said that they dress in graveyards to shield themselves from the public), there are some female representations of women. The following list details many, though not all, of the possible makishi roles. The "Chisaluke" represents a powerful and wealthy man with spiritual influence. The "Mupala", or "Kayipu", is the "lord" or king of the mukanda and a protective spirit with supernatural abilities. It's always accompanied by "kapalu"– the bodyguard, or son. He is the biggest and most majestic of all the makishi, with his huge round impressive headdress, which is associated with the chief. The "Pwebo", or "Mwanapwebo", is a female character representing the ideal woman and is responsible for the musical accompaniment of the rituals and dances. Pwebo means 'woman' in the Luvale language. The "Chileya" represents a fool with a childish characteristic, mimicking others, dresses in an undignified fashion, and dances like a learner and not an expert. The "Chiwigi" is meant to represent a stylish and vain young woman, and wears a wig of braided hair. The "Chikungila" is an ambiguous ancestral spirit painted half red and half white; it is said to possess great spiritual power. The white and red halves of its mask are said to show a balance between the positive and the ominous, respectively. The "Utenu" is known as "the angry one"; always in a bad mood, always uttering insults. The "Katoyo", or "Chindele" originally mocked foreigners and outsiders; oftentimes, the