by future leaders of the Bolshevik revolution including, besides Lenin, Leon Trotsky, Joseph Stalin, Grigory Zinoviev, Lev Kamenev, Maxim Litvinov and writer Maxim Gorky. Jewish emigration Russian Jews emigrated to the United Kingdom beginning in the late 19th century to seek refuge from the persecution in Russian Empire and Eastern Europe. It's estimated that 150,000 Jewish people relocated to Britain between 1881 and 1914. Slonim-born Michael Marks settled in Leeds where he co-founded Marks & Spencer retail chain in 1894. Isaac Moses and his brother founded Moss Bros Group in Houndsditch. Montague Burton, then known as Montague Ossinsky, came to England from Lithuania, founding Burton in Sheffield in 1904, opening shops in Chesterfield, Manchester, Leeds and Mansfield within a year. Burton became the biggest retail empire in Europe by 1925. Most Jewish immigrants, however, had a much harder life. Facing language barrier and unable to work on Saturdays for religious reasons, they were often employed by the London's East End sweatshops run by Jewish entrepreneurs. Jewish immigrants to London built a thriving clothes trade in Houndsditch and Petticoat Lane. The hardships prompted some Jews to become revolutionaries. A pioneer of Jewish socialism Aaron Liebermann came to London from Saint Petersburg in 1875. He organised the first Jewish worker's organisation Hebrew Socialist Union in London, however, the initiative wasn't supported by the Jewish establishment and the socialist organisation was short-lived. Morris Winchevsky, who moved to London from Lithuania, published a socialist Yiddish newspaper from the premises in Commercial Street. Biochemist Chaim Weizmann came to Britain from Russia in 1904. He developed a method of producing cordite explosive that was essential to the Britain's World War I effort. His industrial success resulted in meeting then Foreign Secretary Arthur Balfour and he is believed to have influenced Balfour Declaration, which led to the creation of Israel. Exiles from the Soviet Union Notable people This is a list of Russian expatriates in the United Kingdom and Britons of Russian ancestry. Arts Serge Chermayeff, architect Sergei Fyodorov, icon painter Theodore Komisarjevsky, theatrical director and designer Lilia Kopylova, dancer Andrew Garfield, his family was Russian-Jewish ancestry. Berthold Lubetkin, architect Helen Mirren, actress Viktoria Mullova, violinist Seva Novgorodsev, radio presenter Oxxxymiron, rap singer. Sergei Pavlenko, portrait painter Sir Peter Ustinov, actor, writer and raconteur Business Boris Berezovsky, businessman Evgeny Chichvarkin, entrepreneur Evgeny Lebedev, businessman Vladimir Raitz, founder of the Horizon Holiday Group Military and espionage Vladimir Peniakoff,