a unique combination of two-dimensional pictures and spectroscopy color resolving power. These detectors require the development of new advanced electronics, smart control software, extreme cooling techniques and novel materials. SRON develops a new generation of detectors, and the necessary read-out and control electronics, for international missions in the submillimetre and far-infrared areas. For example, such extremely sensitive detectors are needed in SPICA/ SAFARI so that we can learn more about protoplanetary disks and the formation of planets. For SPICA/ SAFARI SRON is currently working on Transition Edge Sensors (TES). National and international partners SRON cooperates with scientists and with international organizations in bilateral, European or global projects. Within the Netherlands, these include universities in Utrecht, Groningen and Leiden. Outside the Netherlands, an example is the German Aerospace Center (DLR). Directors Johan Bleeker (1983–2003) (2003–2009) Roel Gathier (2009–2010) (interim) Rens Waters (2010–2019) Michael Wise (2019-...) See also List of space telescopes References External links SRON Science and technology in the Netherlands Space agencies 1983 establishments in the Netherlands