of the Angurugu River. By 1947, the population of the Mission was 278. By 1956, the total number had grown to 400. Groote Eylandt Mining Company In 1803, Matthew Flinders had recorded the presence of minerals on the island. Geological mapping in 1960 indicated the occurrence of manganese deposits on Groote Eylandt. The Broken Hill Proprietary Company (BHP) obtained prospecting rights in 1963 and commenced and mining operations. The 200 square miles that the CMS had leased contained 14 main deposits. The CMS took out an authority to prospect and mine on the land and negotiated a treaty with BHP for mining rights with royalties at the rate of $10,000 per annum for any production up to 100,000 tons, and a rate of 1¼% of the value of manganese ore shipped per annum more than 100,000 tons. In 1964, the Groote Eylandt Mining Company was established and given a lease over the island for royalty payments to the Church Missionary Society. The CMS established the Groote Eylandt Aboriginal Trust Fund on 28 August 1969, where the mining company would pay the royalty money. The population of Angurugu increased to 525 by 1971. Present-day Groote Eylandt became Aboriginal Freehold Land in 1976. In 2008, Angurugu became part of the East Arnhem Shire, and the Council took over local government. In 2015, a riot broke out between two rival clans in Angurugu, involving spears and machetes. Two people were speared and later died. Six people were later tried for the violence, including one charged for murder. Name The local Anindilyakwa people called the location chosen for the Mission along the Angurugu River "Mungwardinamanja". However, as it was difficult for the European missionaries to pronounce, the local Anindilyakwa men guiding them chose the name of the Angurugu River mouth "Angurrkwa", which was later Anglicised to Angurugu. Demographics According to the 2016 Australian Census, the population of Angurugu and its surrounds in 2016 was approximately 855. The median age of people in Angurugu is 25 years. The most common ancestries in Angurugu were Australian Aboriginal 83.1%, Australian 3.1%, English 0.8%, Scottish 0.6% and Irish 0.3%. Traditional owners The traditional owners of Groote Eylandt, the Warnindhilyagwa people, have 14 clan groups, which make up the two moieties on Groote Eylandt. The clans maintain their traditions and have strong ties with the people in the community of Numbulwar and on Bickerton Island. Governance , the East