of landscape value. Lake and watercourses The Lake, covering , unified what Calvert Vaux called the "irregular disconnected featureless conglomeration of ground". It was excavated, entirely by hand, from unprepossessing swampy ground transected by drainage ditches and ramshackle stone walls. The Lake is connected to two additional watercourses. The Gill, adapted from the Scottish word for "stream", starts from a water pipe in the middle of the Ramble and flows southeast into Azalea Pond, a collecting pond adjacent to the Lake frequented by birdwatchers. In addition, an inlet called Bank Rock Bay extends off the extreme north end of the Lake. The Ladies' Skating Pond once abutted the western side of the Lake. It was partially infilled due to malaria concerns in 1888, and it was completely drained by 1936. Today, the site of the Ladies' Pond is occupied by a lawn and dog walk that is much lower than the surrounding topography. Notable features Bethesda Terrace and Fountain Bethesda Terrace and Fountain are located at the southeastern end of the Lake. They form the northern end of the Central Park Mall, the only formal feature in the park's original blueprint, the Greensward Plan. The terrace is composed of two levels, the lower of which houses the fountain. The center of the fountain contains the sculpture Angel of the Waters (1873) by Emma Stebbins, the first large public sculpture commission for an American woman. Bridges There are multiple bridges in the Ramble, including one across the Lake. Bow Bridge connects the Lake's southern shore with the Ramble, on the northern shore of the Lake. The span is notable for its intricate cast iron design. Its span is the longest of any bridge in the park, though the balustrade is long. Bow Bridge was restored in 1974. The northern end of the Lake is spanned by a small bridge called Oak Bridge or Cabinet Bridge. It crosses Bank Rock Bay and for this reason is also called Bank Rock Bridge. The original structure was a wooden trestle made of yellow pine upon stone abutments. After a period of decline, the bridge was completely replaced in 1935, and again in 1982 and 2009. The abutments are the only holdovers from the original span. The railings of the current span are made of cast-iron panels between wooden posts. There are also three smaller spans in the Ramble. One of them, the Ramble Arch,