believing that it allocated space poorly and violated the integrity of the mountaintop. Wright reacted sharply to the rejection: "I have given you a noble 'archaic' sculptured summit for your mountain. I should have diddled it away with platforms and seats and spittoons for…expectorating businessmen and the flappers that beset them." Critical commentary and legacy Mark Reinberger asserts that the design is evidence of Wright's desire to find a new form of architectural expression, a utopian scheme reliant on modern technology—in the case of this project, the automobile. Wright's vision culminated in his plan for Broadacre City. In Broadacre City, automobile objectives would be built at locations of natural beauty to serve as a meeting places and social centers. Sugarloaf Mountain was an early expression of Wright's attachment to the automobile as an important social artifact. He criticized people driving to a destination and leaving their car parked underground: "leaving the automobiles in which they both now really live and have their beings, still 'parked' aside,—betrayed and abandoned as usual." The Gordon Strong plan was Wright's first spiral-based building, but he returned to the element at least six times, building first the V. C. Morris Gift Shop (1948) in San Francisco and finally delivering the well-known Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum (1943–1959). Other instances include the unbuilt plans for the Point Park Civic Center (1947) and the Baghdad Cultural Center (1957). References Notes Sources Quinan, Jack. "Frank Lloyd Wright's Guggenheim Museum: A Historian's Report." The Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians, Vol. 52, No. 4. (Dec., 1993), pp. 466–482. Reinberger, Mark. "The Sugarloaf Mountain Project and Frank Lloyd Wright's Vision of a New World." The Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians, Vol. 43, No. 1. (Mar., 1984) pp. 38–52. This paper includes many reproductions of Wright's sketches and drawings for the site. Library of Congress. Gordon Strong Automobile Objective: Frank Lloyd Wright: Designs for an American Landscape, 1922-1932 (Library of Congress Exhibition). Accessed March 4, 2007. Multiple images are linked from this page. External links "The Auto as Architect's Inspiration", The New York Times "Computer recreation", Hooked on the Past. Frank Lloyd Wright buildings Unbuilt buildings and structures in the United States Ziggurat style modern architecture