in rice production due to various reasons affected the Mannathara rice filed as well. Overflowing of this stream in the heavy monsoon months helps to balance the fertility of this rice field. But the first thing we would have noticed in the last century would have been the poor transport infrastructure of this region. The Government had been largely ignoring the transport development of the region for decades. It is only after 1995, a positive reaction is visible from the side of authorities. Now, Rajamudi-Thoprumkudy main state high way and Mannathara-Perumthotty road are the lifelines of the village. These two tarred roads connect Mannathra with other villages and market places including Kattappana, Murickassery, Cheruthony, and Nedumkandam and connects the region with a larger market place such as Thodupuzha, and Kothamangalam. Education 'Holy Family Upper Primary School:' The school had its early beginning in the 1950s as an informal learning centre alongside the Holy Family Church. Later, a lower primary government school was established at Kiliyar and the upper primary section continued in the church. The school is popularly known as the Mannathara school. This school has produced a list of distinguished alumni from the neighbourhood of the school. This list of former students includes Siby Mathew Vattappilil (Engineer Canada), Justin Mathew Olickal (Professor, Delhi University), Fr. Jimmy Kuzhikandathil (Idukki), Fr. Binoy Chathanattu (Idukki), Dr. Sr. Swapna Mathew Olickal (Thiruvananthapuram), Fr. Shinto Mangalathu and many more. Major roads Roads suitable for motor vehicle transport was developed from the 1980s onward. Most of the tarred roads are PWD or Panchayath maintained. All these roads were initially one-foot tracks developed by the community cooperation of the local people, mostly farmers. List of Roads Passing through Mannathara: Cheruthoni- Rajamudi-Thopramkudy highway- pass through Mannathara junction Mannathara Junction- Church-Manthikkvala- Perumthotty- Road- This is one of the main roads passing through the village. Manthikkavala-Mantharappadi-Kiliyar Road Kambanippadi-Anganvadikkavala Road- This was a long-abandoned road after the 1970s. Recently, PT Thomas (Ex MP Idukki) included this road in the Pradan matri Grameen Sadak Yojana scheme (PMGSY) and completed the work in March 2017 and opened for traffic. Now this road has become a busy link between Murikkasserry-Rajamud- Padamugham regions to Kiliyar-Prakash-Chempakappara-Kattappana. Mannathra Rajya Hall-Pathinezhu Kambani road Panachinanippadi-Kiliyar Road References Villages in Idukki district