versions of the and lists all of the known manuscripts (). English versions The first translation into English seems to date from 1874, when Sabine Baring-Gould published The Lost and Hostile Gospels, which included lengthy summaries of two versions of the – one called the Wagenseil and one called the Huldreich (so named from the editor of a 1705 Latin edition) – as well as quotations and descriptions of apocryphal and lost gospels of early Christian history. He regarded the as being a kind of early anti-Christian folklore, largely motivated by the oppression suffered by Jews. In 1903, G.R.S. Mead, a well known Theosophist, published Did Jesus Live 100 BC?, which treated the as sufficiently authentic and reliable to postulate, on the basis of its mention of historic figures such as Queen Helene, that Jesus actually lived a century earlier than commonly believed. Baring-Gould (page 71) notes that, although the Wagenseil version named the Queen as Helene, she is also expressly described as the widow of Alexander Jannaeus, who died BC 76, and whose widow was named Salome Alexandra and she died in BC 67. In 1937, the Jewish New Testament scholar Hugh J. Schonfield published According to the Hebrews, which theorized that the was considerably more ancient than commonly thought and may have originally been derived from the Gospel of the Hebrews, a lost (and presumably heretical) book mentioned by name, but not otherwise described, in some early Christian literature. However, scholarly consensus generally sees the as an unreliable source for the historical Jesus. These books provided translations of the . Mead included some indelicate verses which Schonfield edited out, but Schonfield was the more erudite scholar, and he identified Talmudic and Islamic passages that may have supplied the content of the . Parallels Other Jewish polemic or apologetic sources: Jesus in the Talmud or The Book of Nestor the Priest of Jacob Ben Reuben, 12th century or Nizzahon vetus, 13th century of R. Joseph hen R. Nathan l'official, 13th century (Paris MS) The Touchstone of Ibn Shaprut Hasdai Crescas Leon of Modena The works bear striking resemblance to Christian legends regarding Simon Magus, and to 12th-century Christian portrayals of Muhammad. Mentions in modern literature The book is mentioned in the poem The Ring and the Book by Robert Browning. It is also mentioned in Mitchell James Kaplan's historical novel, "By Fire By Water." In Umberto Eco's Baudolino, set