and PRK aims to correct anemmetropic vision. This is accomplished by ensuring the curvature of the cornea, the shape of the lens and their distances from each other and the retina are in harmony. By shaping the cornea, emmetropic vision can be achieved without corrective lenses. The correction for only emmetropic vision is often the reason that patients are advised to keep wearing glasses to read as they age because of presbyopia. Emmetropization The development of an eye towards emmetropia is known as emmetropization. This process is guided by visual input, and the mechanisms that coordinate this process are not fully understood. It is assumed that emmetropization occurs via an active mechanism by which defocus drives growth of the eye and that genetic factors and emmetropization both influence the growth of the eye's axis. Newborns are typically hypermetropic and then undergo a myopic shift to become emmetropic. There has been some research on causal factors involved in the development of myopia and of hyperopia. In particular, statistics show that prolonged near work correlates with the development of myopia, a causal relation was made in 2022.Furthermore, outdoor activity has been found to have a protective effect on myopia development in children. It has long been assumed that wearing corrective spectacles might possibly perturb the process of emmetropization in young children, with this assumption being supported in particular also by animal studies. However, undercorrection of myopia in humans has been shown to increase the rate of myopic progression. However, it is not yet fully understood for which patient groups, if any, the wearing of corrective spectacles in childhood actually impedes emmetropization. In hyperopic children, yet more factors are to be considered: Hyperopia is known to be a significant risk factor for esotropia, therefore undercorrection may have the side effect of increasing this risk. There is widespread consensus that undercorrection is counterindicated for children with accommodative esotropia. It is still unclear for which hyperopic, non-strabismic children corrective spectacles may translate to a lower strabismus risk. There are indications that emmetropization is relevant for hyperopic children who have at most about 3.0 diopter, whereas children with stronger hyperopia seem to not change their refraction independently of whether the refractive error is corrected or not. A Cochrane Review of three trials seeking to determine whether spectacle correction reduced the occurrence of strabismus in children included one study which suggested that spectacle correction perturbed emmetropization in