and the board of the National Physician Alliance since 2006. She also sits on the editorial board of The Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA). She is also respected as a scientific leader, having served on the advisory committee to the NIH Director from 1995 to 2002 and as president of the American Federation for Aging Research. She is an adjunct professor of medicine and senior fellow in the Department of Medical Ethics and Health Policy at the University of Pennsylvania School Of Medicine. Cassel's previous positions include dean of the School of Medicine and vice president for medical affairs at Oregon Health and Science University, chair of the Department of Geriatrics and Adult Development at Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York, and chief of General Internal Medicine at the University of Chicago. While she is certified in internal medicine and geriatric medicine, she does not participate in the ABIM Maintenance of Certification program. She is a former chair of the ABIM board of directors, and is a former president of the American College of Physicians. The recipient of numerous international awards and honorary degrees, Cassel is an Honorary Fellow of the Royal Colleges of Medicine of the U.K. and Canada, the European Federation of Internal Medicine, and is a Master of the American College of Physicians. Education A graduate of the University of Chicago, Cassel received her medical degree from the University of Massachusetts Medical School and completed a residency in internal medicine at the Children's Hospital of San Francisco and a fellowship in geriatrics at the Veterans Administration Medical Center in Portland, Oregon. Additionally, she completed a bioethics health policy fellowship program at the University of California, San Francisco. She is the recipient of numerous honorary degrees and awards of distinction, including Fellowship in the Royal Colleges of Medicine in the United Kingdom and Canada, and Mastership in the American College of Physicians. Cassel is board certified by the American Board of Internal Medicine in internal medicine and geriatric medicine though she notably does not participate in the Maintenance of Certification (MOC) program, a program which that she herself spearheaded during her tenure as CEO of the ABIM. She received an honorary degree from NYIT in 2016. Controversy Cassel's leadership roles and remuneration across multiple organizational domains in healthcare—regulatory (National Quality Forum), educational (Kaiser Medical School), board certification (ABIM), and private industry (Premier, Inc.) have