in language ideology on Aneityum. The first missionaries to land on the island were Samoan Presbyterians who arrived in 1841. After them followed European Presbyterian missionaries who established themselves in 1848. With the large missionary presence on the island, many schools were founded to spread the message of Christianity. In these schools, the classroom was mainly conducted in Anejom̃, however numeracy was conducted in English. The missionary presence on the island was so prevalent that the island was considered the "first successfully missionized island in Melanesia" and housed the headquarters of the Presbyterian Mission to the New Hebrides. The missions on Aneityum promoted the use of English. Colonialization Vanuatu came under joint British and French rule in 1887, which then became formalized in 1906 where Vanuatu became known as the "Anglo-French Condominium". Colonialization along with the big mission presence on the island led to the languages of French and English to become prestige languages. Other languages of Vanuatu also became prestigious (such as Nguna) because these language were chosen by missionaries to spread their teachings. With prolonged contact with English speakers, another language also arose: Bislama. Bislama, a pidgin of English, is now an extremely widely used language and has had a huge role in language change within Anejom̃. Phonology and Orthography Phonemes Anejom̃ has 5 vowels and 20 or 21 consonants. The sound [ʔ] is sometimes counted as phoneme. Vowel and consonant length is contrastive in this language and is shown in orthography by writing the vowel or consonant twice. Orthography Anejom̃ was never a written language and so traditionally did not have an orthography. The first orthography was made by the missionary John Inglis in 1882. It was considered to be a fairly good orthography of its time (having a one-to-one correspondence between letters and phonemes), however it did contain several key problems. It did not distinguish between /pʷ/ and /p/ and /mʷ/ and /m/. The phoneme /ɲ/ was not always written as a separate letter from other nasal phonemes. The allophone of /e/, [ə], was written confusingly as "eu". Palatal off-glide before a palatal consonant was denoted as an "i". Vowel and consonant length were not represented consistently in the orthography. A new orthography more accepted by Anejom̃ speakers now is shown below. Allophones Glottal Stop The moderately phonemic glottal stop is an allophone of /h/ when it occurs before a consonant. It also occurs as an