with the Second Army. The Second Army, commanded by Ahmet Izzet Pasha, finally attacked in August with the following divisions: III Corps 1st Division, 7th Division, 14th Division, 53rd Division II Corps 11th Division, 12th Division IV Corps 47th Division, 48th Division V Corps 9th Division, 10th Division, 13th Division XVI Corps, commanded by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk 5th Division, 8th Division Also assigned to the army was the 3rd Regular Cavalry Division. While the XVI Corps commanded by Mustafa Kemal had success at Bitlis and Mus, the main attacks by the III and IV Corps suffered heavy losses. The Army lost about 30,000 out of 100,000 soldiers. The divisions suffering the losses were both veteran units and the best of the newly created divisions. The Ottoman Army could not afford to lose such men for meaningless gains. As a result, the offensive was a major strategic defeat. It was the last major strategic offensive by the Ottomans in the war. In response to defeats elsewhere, the army had a number of divisions transferred to other areas such as Mesopotamia and Palestine. By December 1916, it was made up of six infantry divisions and one cavalry division. The army did not play a major role in the war after that. Order of battle, 1917 In 1917, Mustafa Kemal promoted to be the acting commander of the Second Army. His tenure was brief as he moved on to command the Seventh Army in Palestine. The army was deactivated in on 4 February 1918. It was later activated and commanded rear area troops including labor units in Anatolia. After the defeat at Megiddo, the army briefly saw front line service commanding three divisions (23rd, 41st, 44th) at the end of the war. References Field armies of the Ottoman Empire Military units and formations of the Ottoman Empire in World War I