boiling pot'." There had been various transliterations of the term. In the 1821 Treaty of Chicago, the village of Match-e-be nash-she-wish, was described as at the head of the "Kekalamazoo river" (this village became the present-day city). Vogel suggests the following interpretations for the source of Kalamazoo as more credible than other accounts: a corruption of Ojibwe kikikamagad, meaning "it goes or runs fast" a mangled form of Kalimink, which is also the name of a creek in Ingham County a mangled form of Killomick, a variant of an early name for the Calumet River, which meant "deep, still water" Vogel suggests that the word "may be from the Miami, because of the presence of l." He cites Father Chrysostam Verwyst saying the name Kalamazoo comes from Ojibwe as a "corruption of Kikanamsoso", meaning "it smokes, or he is troubled with smoke", and pronounced "kee-kah-nah-mo-zo or kee-kau-nau-mo-zo". Vogel cites William R. Gerard as concurring in this opinion, that "Kalamazoo is a slight alteration of older Ojibwe kikalâmoza, meaning 'he is inconvenienced by smoke in his lodge'." Vogel cites Gerard as dismissing Schoolcraft's opinion that the name was from negikanamazoo, or "otters beneath the surface" as an "etymological absurdity". However, Vogel also suggests that both Verwyst and Gerard accounts also "deserve this label". Vogel also dismisses the view that the name means "mirage or reflecting river". References Notes Kalamazoo, Michigan Kalamazoo County, Michigan Kalamazoo, Etymology of Kalamazoo