Helen E. O'Connell (born 3 April 1962) is an Australian professor of urology and a pioneer in the anatomical study of the clitoris. She is a leading researcher in the area of female pelvic anatomy and was the first woman to complete training as a urologist in Australia. Education In 1994, O'Connell graduated from Melbourne University with a Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery degree as Australia's first female urological surgeon. From 1994 to 1995, she moved to the United States for advanced training (a fellowship), with neuro-urologist Edward J. McGuire in Houston, Texas. In 1997, she obtained a Master of Medicine degree for a project on female urinary incontinence. In 2004, she graduated from the University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital and Melbourne Private Hospital with a Doctor of Medicine in the field of female pelvic anatomy. Career Since 2016, she has been director of the urology department of the Western Health in the Australian state of Victoria. O'Connell was director of the Royal Australian College of Surgeons (RACS) between 2005 and 2014 and elected Director of the Urological Society of Australia and New Zealand from 2005 to 2010. She was Chair of the College's Surgical Research Board from 2007 to 2009. Her clinical and research focus is on the surgical treatment of lower urinary tract problems, particularly incontinence and bladder sphincter obstruction. In 2019, she was appointed director of the International Continence Society meeting to be held in Melbourne in 2021. To illustrate the historically low proportion of women in the medical sciences, and particularly in the field of urology, O'Connell's biography mentions at the outset that she became the first female urologist in Australia in 1993. O'Connell's aim was to improve our knowledge of female pelvic anatomy, including the genitourinary tract with the reproductive organs, through insights from surgery. Clitoris In 1998, O'Connell published research results on the widely ramified deeper structure of the clitoris, and in 2005, in the Journal of Urology, the article "Anatomy of the Clitoris". Multiplanar imaging of clitoral anatomy using magnetic resonance imaging in the living state supplemented the dissection material and showed that the erectile vestibular bulbs are a part of the clitoris, and that the female urethra and vagina, although not erectile in character, are closely related structures that form a tissue cluster with the clitoris that is the site of female sexual function and orgasm. Among others, the science