Femmes Solidaires). She notably wrote legislative bills for wage equality between men and women, and was also allied with the peace movement. In 1951, David Rousset filed libel charges and won a suit against the newspaper Les Lettres Françaises. The newspaper, at the time closely related to the PCF, had attacked Rousset after he compared the Soviet Gulags to Nazi concentration camps. The newspaper accused him of being a “Trotskyst falsifier”. Marie-Claude Vaillant-Couturier declared at the time: “I indisputably regard the Soviet penitentiary system as the most desirable in the whole world”. A leading member of the National Federation of Deported and Imprisoned Resistance Fighters and Patriots since its creation in 1945, she became its vice-president, then co-president in 1978. She was also one of the first presenters of l'Amicale d’Auschwitz. A witness at the Nuremberg Trials, she said later that “by telling of the sufferings of those who could not speak any more, I had the feeling that, through my voice, those who they had tortured and exterminated accused their torturers.” However, she returned from the trials “shocked, worried,” “exasperated by the procedure,” and particularly denouncing the absence from the dock of the leaders of businesses like Krupp, Siemens, and IG Farben, which had greatly profited from the economic exploitation of deportees. But in spite of these failures, she later emphasized the extent to which defining crimes against humanity was “progress for the human conscience”. In 1964, Paul Rassinier, one of the first Holocaust deniers, and a critic of the verdict of the Nuremberg trials, accused her of having survived the camps by stealing from other prisoners. Marie-Claude Vaillant-Couturier filed suit against these accusations and the lawsuit against Rassinier made justice of the charges. Geneviève de Gaulle-Anthonioz declared to the bar of witnesses “We entered the infirmary buildings not to hide, but because we needed courageous German speaking comrades. […] When we gave back this ration of bread deducted from our own ration, this bulb, we knew that she would give it well to those who needed it most and without any political appreciation […] I know few women as courageous as Marie-Claude, who always gave the feeling that her own life was nothing if she wasn't with the company of her comrades.” The court found against Rassinier and the manager of the extreme-right magazine Rivarol. In December 1964, she presented to the French National Assembly on the concept