according to him, one exclusively responsible for the disease in birds and the other precisely for human and bovine tuberculosis. Maffucci was the first to isolate the pathogen of avian tuberculosis and described its peculiarities compared to the pathogens of the human and bovine variant. Even before the discovery of the German scientist Koch of tuberculin, Maffucci managed to induce a marantic state in experimental animals, by inoculation of sterile tuberculous products. Through his scientific work Maffucci contributes to realizing the dream of serotherapy based on the production of a vaccine obtained from the attenuated living bacilli and a sero-prophylaxis aimed at combating and eradicating tuberculosis disease. Further discoveries Maffucci always carried with him a small album in which he illustrated the histological profiles of the pathologies of the system nervous, especially of cauda equina, and the effects of congenital syphilis in the liver, lungs and bones. It also illustrates in finer detail the cellular lesions caused by cirrhosis from annular and insular cirrhosis of the liver and, finally, the skeletal angiomatosis. Maffucci continued his anatomical and experimental studies on liver pathology, making the important pathogenetic distinction between atrophic cirrhosis resulting from stagnation of bile by occlusion of the bile ducts, and hypertrophic cirrhosis ichthyic result of chronic inflammation of the biliary tract. He described unusual anatomical pathological pictures and conducted experimental observations on the pathophysiology of the peritoneum, describing the mechanism of resorption of corpuscular substances capable of determining structural modifications. On the pathology of the peritoneum: experiments and observations and of the joints, clarifying some structural and functional aspects of articular cartilage at the time still almost ignored. Maffucci worked on the full development on the infectious etiology of neoplasms, he conducted numerous observations aimed at identifying a possible pathogen responsible for tumor growth: the isolation in some cases of streptococci and blastomycetes, however, did not seem significant enough to attribute to these microorganisms a certain etiopathogenetic role in the appearance of tumors. School of Pisa In 1884, Pathological Anatomy was instituted as a course, the realization of this project was strongly supported by the Municipality of Pisa. The School of Medicine was completed in 1874 and on November 17, during the inauguration ceremony, Professor Pietro Durante, Ordinary of Normal Human Anatomy, communicated the complete theoretical aspect of the teachings, among which appeared that of the Anatomy and Pathological Histology. The actual realization of a chair of Pathological