triumphed in the Battle of Valmy. Following its defeat, the Prussian army withdrew from France. Recent research, however, argues that the Brunswick Manifesto did not have nearly the impact upon the revolutionaries suggested in earlier source material. Firstly, the opinion of what amounted to an external foe among the French radical left was altogether trivial, both before and after the issuance of the manifesto; their attention remained firmly focused on the internal threat: the French monarchy. Secondly, the literary and artistic record from the summer of 1792 suggests that Brunswick created not fear or anger, but rather humor; French cartoonists in particular took to satirizing Brunswick and his manifesto with great vigor. Lastly, the French refused to take the Brunswick Manifesto seriously in any respect, believing it to be inauthentic. This determination stemmed from what they believed to be its illegality, disrespect for the law of war, and denial of national sovereignty. See also War of the First Coalition House of Bourbon La patrie en danger Declaration of Pillnitz Notes References Cross, Elizabeth. "The Myth of the Foreign Enemy? The Brunswick Manifesto and the Radicalization of the French Revolution." French History 25, no. 2 (2011): 188-213. Doyle, William (1989). The Oxford History of the French Revolution. Oxford: Oxford University Press. . External links The Proclamation of the Duke of Brunswick, 1792 French Revolutionary Wars 1792 in France Manifesto 18th century in Paris 1792 documents