common name for each radical. Another feature useful to students of Japanese kanji was cross-listing some characters under more than one component radicals (kō or suki 好 "like; love" can be listed under the "woman radical" 女 and the "child radical" 子). Textual arrangement Rakuyōshū Parts (1) and (2) are called the honpen (本編 "main text") and (3) is the kōhen (後編 "later text"). The main text is dated 1598 and the undated Shōgokuhen probably was published circa 1599. One of the most significant lexicographical improvements in the Rakuyōshū is separately listing the on and kun readings of kanji. Contemporary Sengoku period Japanese dictionaries like the Setsuyōshū listed characters by one or the other, or mixed them. Bailey believes the reason was because the Rakuyōshū was designed for Europeans who could not easily distinguish between on and kun readings. This dictionary's internal arrangement combines the main text giving on and kun readings for kanji according to iroha order with the later index giving readings arranged by graphic radicals. Dictionary users who know either the Japanese or Chinese reading of a character can locate it in the main text, and those who cannot ascertain a character's reading can find it through the radical index. Unlike the Nippo Jisho, this dictionary does not use rōmaji to romanize Japanese pronunciation, other than the title page spelling Racuyoxu. This unique Jesuit romanization system was based on Portuguese and differs from the usual Hepburn romanization. The Japanese historical linguist Morita Takeshi (森田武) discovered that many Rakuyōshū character entries and almost half of the compound entries are alphabetized in the Jesuit system; most consistently after the 12th kana wo を. Bailey summarizes that the arrangement of compounds in the main text of the Rakuyōshū is primarily alphabetic, but inconsistent to the extent that words of related meanings are often grouped together, especially in the early portions or the honpen. In addition, there are a few places where entries are listed in apparently arbitrary order, neither alphabetic nor semantic arrangement obtaining. Historical aspects Japanese Kirishitan ban (キリシタン版 "Christian publications") refers to the books, grammars, and dictionaries published 1591–1611 by the Jesuit Mission Press. In 1590, the Italian Jesuit missionary Alessandro Valignano brought a movable type printing press to Japan. Compared with contemporary woodblock printing in Japan, Üçerler calls this technological superiority the "First IT Revolution". The Rakuyōshū is printed in kanji characters and hiragana syllabary. The kanji