This article provides a detailed list of the cities and towns along the Euphrates River in order of country. Cities in Turkey The Euphrates is formed by the union of two branches, the Karasu or Kara River (the western Euphrates), which rises in eastern Turkey north of Erzurum, and the Murat (the eastern Euphrates). These rivers merge in the Elazığ Province of Turkey, where the river is dammed in several places such as the Keban Dam, the Karakaya Dam, Atatürk Dam, the Birecik Dam, and Karkamis Dam. Beneath the lakes of these dams are ancient towns like Samsat. Other towns like Elif, Hasanoğlu and Hisar in the Araban district of Gaziantep date back to Roman times. Halfeti, a district of Şanlıurfa, mentioned as “Halpa” in the Urartu inscriptions. The following is a partial list of other cities and towns in Turkey that border the Euphrates. Rumkale (Hromgla) Arulis (Gümüşgün) was an important centre of the Kommagene kingdom Zeugma known as “Seleukeia Euphrates” in the Hellenistic period Birecik Arsameia Cities in Syria The upper reaches of the Euphrates flow through steep canyons and gorges, southeast across Syria, and through Iraq. From west to east, the Euphrates is in Syria joined by the Sajur, the Balikh and the Khabur. Lake Assad is a large lake in Syria on the Euphrates River formed by the construction of the Tabqa Dam in 1973. The sites of Tell Abu Hureyra and Mureybet ancient Mesopotamian cities of the Euphrates, are underneath this lake. There are three dams along the Euphrates in Syria: First, the Baath Dam () is located upstream from the city of Raqqa in Raqqa Governorate, Syria. Second, the Tabqa Dam (), or al-Thawra Dam as it is also named (, literally dam of the revolution) is located upstream from the Baath Dam. Finally, the Tishrin Dam (, literally October Dam) is located east of Aleppo in Aleppo Governorate, Syria and south of the Syro-Turkish border. Jarabulus—on the border of Turkey and Syria Maskanah is on Lake Assad Al-Thawrah Raqqa Abu Hamam Deir ez-Zor District Deir ez-Zor al-Kasrah Al-Busayrah is at the confluence of the Euphrates with the Khabur river. Al-Muhasan Al-Tabni Al-Masrab Khasham Al-Suwar Mayadin District Mayadin Diban Al-Quriyah Al-Asharah Abu Kamal District Al-Salihiyah Al-Jalaa Hajin Al-Shaafah Al-Susah Abu Kamal (or Al-Bukamal) - on the border of Syria and Iraq Cities in Iraq In Iraq, the Euphrates is known as "Nahr al Furat".