- to create and update spatial data Besides these software components, a range of (international) technical standards are necessary that allow interaction between the different software components. Among those are geospatial standards defined by the Open Geospatial Consortium (e.g., OGC WMS, WFS, GML, etc.) and ISO (e.g., ISO 19115) for the delivery of maps, vector and raster data, but also data format and internet transfer standards by W3C consortium. National spatial data infrastructures List by country or administrative zone. It is not complete, is a sample of National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI) official websites. See also GeoSUR GEOSS GMES INSPIRE UNSDI GIS file formats GIS software International Cartographic Association (ICA) ArcGIS Geographic information system (GIS) References External links The INSPIRE Directive: a brief description (JRC Audiovisuals) GSDI 11 World Conference: The Geo-Spatial event of 2009, Rotterdam The Netherlands Global Spatial Data Infrastructure (GSDI) Association Links to SDI initiatives from the GSDI Association website The Netherlands Coordination Office of UNSDI (UNSDI-NCO) The GeoNetwork portal of UNSDI-NCO (with over 17.800 metadata sets) Laboratory of Geo-Information Science and Remote Sensing SNIG - Portuguese National System for Geographic Information Journals International Journal of Spatial Data Infrastructure Research Books The SDI Cookbook from the Global Spatial Data Infrastructur Organisation (GSDI) Research and Theory in Advancing Spatial Data Infrastructure Concepts GIS Worlds: Creating Spatial Data Infrastructures Building European Spatial Data Infrastructures Software geOrchestra is a free, modular and interoperable Spatial Data Infrastructure software that includes other software like GeoNetwork, GeoServer, GeoWebCache,..., GeoNetwork is a free and open source (FOSS) cataloging application for spatially referenced resources, GeoNode is a web-based application and platform for developing geospatial information systems (GIS) and for deploying spatial data infrastructures (SDI), OpenSDI includes Open Source components like GeoServer and GeoNetwork, easySDI is a complete web-based platform for deploying any geoportal. Geoportal Server is an open source solution for building SDI models where a central SDI node is populated with content from distributed nodes, as well as SDI models where each node participates equally in a federated mode. Geographic data and information regulation Spatial analysis IT infrastructure