Kalamazoo is the name of a natural feature and several settled places in the U.S. state of Michigan: The Kalamazoo River The City of Kalamazoo Kalamazoo Township Kalamazoo County All are named after the river, but there is uncertainty concerning the origin of the river's name. A number of etymologies (some of them folk etymologies) have been proposed, all of which suggest that the name was derived from the languages of local indigenous peoples, the historic Potawatomi, Ojibwe, and Miami. Some of the theories are: It is derived from the Potawatomi word negikanamazo, which is variously translated as "otter tail" or "stones like otters." This could refer to area wildlife. This interpretation was apparently suggested by Henry Schoolcraft, a US Indian agent in the region in the 19th century. Another popular account is the legend of a Potawatomi warrior named Fleet Foot. In order to win his bride, he was required to run from his settlement to a point on the river and back before a pot of water boiled away. This event is thought to have occurred in 1810, a couple of decades before the first whites settled permanently here. The Potawatomi word kikalamezo appears on an 1823 atlas of the area. The word translates as "boiling pot" or "place where the water boils," and refers to the Fleet Foot legend. The "boiling pot" translation may also refer to various nearby bends in the river that resemble pots. Alternative translations of kikalamezo include "beautiful water," "mirage" or "reflecting waters," and could refer to the once-clear waters of the river, which are now somewhat clouded by pollution. The current name used by the local Ojibwa and Odawa tribes for Kalamazoo is Giikanaamozoog, this means, "They have been smoked/cured." The explanation given for this name is that the dark waters of the Kalamazoo River have a smokey appearance. It may also have referred to a place to ford the river. The city was originally established near one of the few places in the area where it was easy to cross by wading. Early official papers refer to the name of Kalamazoo as derived from a Potawatomi term meaning "the area where animals wounded by Indians crawl to die." In his Indian Names in Michigan (1986), Virgil Vogel explained that when Kalamazoo County was formed on July 30, 1830, it "was allegedly named from the 'Indian' name of the river, Ke-kanaamazoo, 'the