Talmudical hermeneutics (Hebrew: מידות שהתורה נדרשת בהן) defines the rules and methods for investigation and exact determination of meaning of the scriptures in the Hebrew Bible, within the framework of Rabbinic Judaism. This includes, among others, the rules by which the requirements of the Oral Law and the Halakha are derived from and established by the written law. These rules relate to: grammar and exegesis the interpretation of certain words and letters and apparently superfluous and/or missing words or letters, and prefixes and suffixes the interpretation of those letters which, in certain words, are provided with points the interpretation of the letters in a word according to their numerical value (see Gematria) the interpretation of a word by dividing it into two or more words (see Notarikon) the interpretation of a word according to its consonantal form or according to its vocalization the interpretation of a word by transposing its letters or by changing its vowels the logical deduction of a halakhah from a Scriptural text or from another law Classes of rules Compilations of such hermeneutic rules were made in the earliest times. The tannaitic tradition recognizes three such collections, namely: the 7 Rules of Hillel (baraita at the beginning of Sifra; Avot of Rabbi Natan 37) the 13 Rules of Rabbi Ishmael (Baraita of Rabbi Ishmael at the beginning of Sifra; this collection is merely an amplification of that of Hillel) the 32 Rules of Rabbi Eliezer ben Jose HaGelili. These last-mentioned rules are contained in an independent baraita (Baraita on the Thirty-two Rules) which has been incorporated and preserved only in later works. They are intended for haggadic interpretation, but many of them are valid for the Halakah as well, coinciding with the rules of Hillel and Ishmael. For list of rules see List of Talmudic principles. For exhaustive list and examples from the Talmud, see Hillel Bakis (2013f). It must be borne in mind, however, that neither Hillel, Ishmael, nor Eliezer ben Jose sought to give a complete enumeration of the rules of interpretation current in his day. For some reason they restricted themselves to a compilation of the principal methods of logical deduction, which they called "middot" (measures), although the other rules also were known by that term. Those rules are traditionally studied and applied to the religious texts of some biblical canon, which were commonly believed to be inspired by God himself, through the