False Memory Syndrome Foundation (FMSF) by Peter J. Freyd to support parents, like himself, who were accused of childhood abuse based on returning memories. The FMSF created a scientific board which was looking to disprove the legitimacy of claims made from hypnotically recovered memories. Elizabeth Loftus, a psychologist and expert on memory, was invited by Orne to join the board to work together on researching false memory. Loftus had previously done experiments which led her to conclude that the fundamental understanding of memory by the supporters of forensic hypnosis as a type of recording device was incorrect. In one experiment she showed subjects films of a traffic accident and later questioned them on what had occurred. When subjects repeated the events there were often errors, and suggestive questioning, as used in hypnosis, often led people to change how they remembered the events. Loftus and other experts testified to the unreliability of memory; however, this created a conflict with the traditional way in which the jury evaluates the credibility of a testimony as the expert is completely discrediting the witness's statement on a scientific basis that the jury does not understand. Nevertheless, this board continued to fight back against false memory throughout the memory wars, and while not unconstitutional, the use of forensic hypnosis has fallen out of heavy use since the 1990s. Uses of hypnosis Pretrial work There are several issues which arise when a witness undergoes hypnosis before a trial and then potentially uses information from that hypnotic session in their testimony. Subjects are more susceptible to changing how they remember events during hypnosis and from suggestive questioning, nonverbal cuing, and mixing reality with fantasy. Truth seeking methods such as cross examination tends to be less effective after a witness has undergone hypnosis which may lead to them acquiring false beliefs or false confidence in their memories. Similarly, subjects of hypnosis may gain self-assurance while in the relaxed state of hypnosis which may make it easier for them to lie, reshaping their future testimony. Ultimately, the use of hypnosis in pretrial work faces issues with how the accuracy of the future trial may be impacted and is thus discouraged today. Criminal investigation One of the least controversial uses for hypnosis is as a tool to find independent evidence to assist in an investigation. In order for this use of forensic hypnosis to not face the same challenges as hypnotic