The Cold War was reflected in culture through music, movies, books, television, and other media, as well as sports, social beliefs, and behavior. Major elements of the Cold War included the threat of communist expansion, a nuclear war, and – connected to both – espionage. Many works use the Cold War as a backdrop or directly take part in a fictional conflict between the United States and the Soviet Union. The period 1953–62 saw Cold War themes becoming mainstream as a public preoccupation. For the historical context in the US, see United States in the 1950s. Fiction: spy stories Cloak and dagger stories became part of the popular culture of the Cold War in both East and West, with innumerable novels and movies that showed how polarized and dangerous the world was. Soviet audiences were thrilled by spy stories showing how their KGB agents protected the motherland by foiling dirty work by the United States' nefarious Central Intelligence Agency, Britain's devious MI6, and Israel's devilish Mossad. After 1963, Hollywood increasingly depicted the CIA as clowns (as in the comedy TV series Get Smart) or villains (as in Oliver Stone's 1992 film JFK). Ian Fleming's infamous spy novels about the MI6 agent James Bond also referenced elements of the Cold War when being adapted into films. One example of this includes the first Bond film, Dr. No, which was released in 1962 and used the Cuban Missile Crisis as a plot base. However, Cuba was substituted for Jamaica in the film. Books and other works Atomsk by Paul Linebarger, published in 1949, is the first espionage novel of the Cold War. Alas, Babylon by Pat Frank Arc Light by Eric L. Harry Berts vidare betraktelser – Anders Jacobsson and Sören Olsson (1990), features Bert traveling with his family to New York City in July 1989, but fearing United States agents arriving to Öreskoga to prevent him from going to the US, as he has fallen in love with Paulina, whose cousin Pavel arrived to Sweden from Czechoslovakia (under Communist rule), and Bert has been talking to Pavel. Cat's Cradle by Kurt Vonnegut The Dispossessed by Ursula Le Guin is a science fiction novel exploring the differences in culture and philosophy between several alien societies, including that of an anarcho-syndicalist planet where most of the novel is set. Red Alert by Peter George Resurrection Day by Brendan DuBois Twilight 2000, role-playing game.