three-year term as President of the International Court of Justice. During his tenure on the Court, Hackworth adjudicated seventeen contentious cases and was asked to give eleven advisory opinions. Due to Hackworth's experience as a legal draftsman, the task of consolidating views of Court members was frequently assigned to him. Reparation for Injuries Suffered in the Service of the United Nations In the case Reparation for Injuries Suffered in the Service of the United Nations, Hackworth disagreed with the Court in its interpretation of the implied powers doctrine and in his dissent maintained that, "powers not expressed cannot freely be implied. Implied powers flow from a grant of express powers, and are limited by those that are "necessary" to the exercise of powers expressly granted." He disagreed with the majority in that he felt that the majority used an unduly wide version of the implied powers doctrine by relating the power to be implied not to an express provision but rather to the functions and objectives of the organization concerned. International Court of Justice rulings Positions 1916 - Law Clerk, U.S. Department of State 1918 - Assistant Solicitor, U.S. Department of State 1925 - Solicitor of the Dept. of State, U.S. Department of State, 1931 - Legal Adviser of the Dept. of State, U.S. Department of State 1930 - Member of U.S. Delegation, Conference on the Codification of International Law 1939 - Adviser to U.S. Secretary of State, Meeting of Foreign Ministers of the American Republics 1940 - Member of U.S. Delegation, Conference of American States 1943 - Member of U.S. Delegation, Moscow Conference 1944 - Member of U.S. Delegation, Dumbarton Oaks Conference 1945 - Chairman, Committee of Jurists for Drafting Statutes of the International Court of Justice 1945 - Adviser to US. Delegation, San Francisco Conference on International Organization of the United Nations 1946 - U.S. Judge, International Court of Justice Associations Council on Foreign Relations District of Columbia Bar U.S. Supreme Court Bar Permanent Court of Arbitration American Society of International Law Publications "Digest of International Law" 1940-1944 (eight volumes) See also Marjorie M. Whiteman References Further reading Cox, Graham 2019 Seeking Justice for the Holocaust: Herbert C. Pell, Franklin D. Roosevelt, and the Limits of International Law University of Oklahoma Press. Pomerance, Michla 1996 The United States and the World Court As a 'Supreme Court of the Nations''' Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. Simpson, Christopher 1995 The Splendid Blond