and the ability to monitor student progress and online behavior. For these reasons, one-to-one computing is a major part of education policy in many countries. These benefits also underlie the one-to-one model of One Laptop per Child (OLPC), a charity that aims to issue electronic devices to millions of children in the developing world. With the growth of the internet-connectivity the possibility to use cloud-computing to transfer the data and administration from the devices to cloud-computing has removed the necessity of much of the tech support from the teacher. The ultimate academic benefits of one-to-one, if any, are unclear. They may not be the same for the different eras of 1:1. In the Laptop Era the laptops were often used as add-ons to the established teaching. Their limited use reinforced the doubts about their educational value and whether the high maintenance costs were worth the investment. According to research published by Boston College, the educational value of 1:1 in the laptop era depended on the classroom teacher. Some schools have even phased out their one-to-one programs because there was no evidence of academic gains according to the 2007 article. (Though: Please note that the district noted in the article went for a 1:1 Chromebook initiative in April 2017 ) Other studies have shown some progress in specific subjects, especially in writing scores, that are correlated with the use of school-issued laptops. The wide range of results for 1:1 programs means there is no consensus on their benefits or drawbacks. The iPad Era saw increased uptake of iPads (and comparable tablets) in schools and consequently increased 1:1 programs in schools. More and more education specific applications and tools became available as increasing research about educational value and implementation methodologies of 1:1 programs were published. The popularity was based on their touchscreens, good battery life and the availability of applications as well as their general brand-related image and comparative ease of use compared to Laptops/Desktops. The Chromebook era had several major success-factors (several of which were often also used in iPad 1:1 schools). Very portable: small laptops, lightweight. auto-updating devices. Reducing the need for device management and the need to wait while updating. Quick start-up/ almost instantaneous wake-up from sleep. Battery life (lasted a good school-day) Truly device independent. Backed-up files & configuration available anytime, anyplace, anywhere. This allowed distribution of educational content. It also allowed keeping stock of spare-chromebooks available. If