Águas de São Pedro () is a Brazilian municipality in the state of São Paulo located from the state capital. At only , it is the second-smallest Brazilian municipality in terms of area, and had an estimated population of 3,521 . Águas de São Pedro means "Waters of Saint Peter". Its name is derived from the mineral springs in its territory and their location, which before the city's founding were part of the municipality of São Pedro (Saint Peter). The average annual temperature in the city is , and most of the municipality's vegetation consists of reforested area. In 2016 there were 2,491 vehicles in the city. Exclusively an urban area, with no rural areas, the city had four health facilities in 2009. Its Human Development Index (HDI) is 0.854, the second highest in the state of São Paulo, as well as the second highest in Brazil, surpassed only by São Caetano do Sul. Águas de São Pedro was incorporated in the 1940s. The city is known for its mineral waters of medicinal value, their natural sources popular tourist attractions. One of the springs, Fonte Juventude, has the second most highly sulfurous water in the world. It also has two large parks, Dr.Octavio Moura Andrade Park and the Parque das Águas "José Benedito Zani", and the municipal mini-garden, all important green areas of the city. The municipality is located in the region of Itaqueri Ridge; Itaqueri means "lying stone" in Tupí–Guaraníin the south-central part of the state of São Paulo. It is a planned city and since its founding has been a tourist destination. History Origins Until 1800 the region of São Pedro and its enclave was virgin forest. The first known people to set foot in Águas de São Pedro territory were, as in most municipalities in the São Paulo countryside, bandeirantes seeking precious stones, especially gold, opening many roads and routes in the dense forest. One of these routes, called Caminho do Picadão (Way of the Forest Trail), started in Itu, passed through Piracicaba and advanced towards the hinterlands of Araraquara. For years, many farms were established in the region, until in 1883, São Pedro was detached from Piracicaba and became politically independent. The economy at that time was based on coffee production, and many Italian families settled in these regions to work under partnership contracts to replace the slave labor. In this way, the Italian immigrant Angelo