Creative Educational Media, Haskell, Oklahoma, USA at 35°53'0"N 95°46'15"W Galich TV Mast Sathorn Unique Tower Visions and plans Many projects do not get to the construction phase, halted during or after planning. Ludwig II of Bavaria commissioned several designs for Castle Falkenstein, with the fourth plan being vastly different from that of the first. The first two designs were turned down, one because of costs and one because the design displeased Ludwig, and the third designer withdrew from the project. The fourth and final plan was completed and some infrastructure was prepared for the site but Ludwig died before construction work began. The Palace of Whitehall, at the time the largest palace in Europe, was mostly destroyed by a fire in 1698. Sir Christopher Wren, most famous for his role in rebuilding several churches after the Great Fire of London in 1666, sketched a proposed replacement for part of the palace but financial constraints prevented construction. Even without being constructed, many architectural designs and ideas have had a lasting influence. The Russian constructivism movement started in 1914 and was taught in the Bauhaus and other architecture schools, leading to numerous architects integrating it into their style. Further examples Construction never started Cenotaph for Sir Isaac Newton The Illinois Millennium Tower Palace of the Soviets Point Park Civic Center Project of Filippo Juvarra for the Royal Palace of Madrid Pyramid City Sky City 1000 Tatlin's Tower Ville Contemporaine Volkshalle Centennial Tower, Manila or Pasig Philippines X-Seed 4000 Use of computer technology Computer technology has allowed for 3D representations of projects to be shown before they are built. In some cases the construction is never started and the computer model is the nearest that anyone will ever get to seeing the finished piece. For example, in 1999 Kent Larson's exhibition "Unbuilt Ruins: Digital Interpretations of Eight Projects by Louis I. Kahn" showed computer images of designs completed by noted architect Louis Kahn but never built. Computer simulations can also be used to create prototypes of projects and test them before they are actually built; this has allowed the design process to be more successful and efficient. See also Unfinished work List of visionary tall buildings and structures Off-plan property References External links Rick Edmondson's Unfinished Buildings Unbuilt British motorways at Pathetic Motorways Building engineering