and character ascribing some cause to what Emily Nussbaum calls "Bad Fans", but the thrust of his critique centers on the possible shift towards the representation of new and previously unrepresented voices. As Poniewozik puts it, "In some cases, it’s also a question of who has gotten to make TV since 2001. Antiheroes like David Brent and Tony Soprano, after all, came along after white guys like them had centuries to be heroes. The voices and faces of the medium have diversified, and if you’re telling the stories of people and communities that TV never made room for before, skewering might not be your first choice of tone. I don’t want to oversimplify this: Series like “Atlanta,” “Ramy,” “Master of None” and “Insecure” all have complex stances toward their protagonists. But they also have more sympathy toward them than, say, “Arrested Development.” With this perspective in mind and the populous shift towards an embrace of diverse views and opinions, the appearance of new sincerity in film and television is understandable if not expected. However, it is important to note that prior to the current shift towards New Sincerity, popular culture had embraced a period of "High Irony", as Poniewozik deems it. Beth Webb provides an illuminating take on this in her article, "Ghost World, Donnie Darko and cinema's ultimate teen rebels" for BBC. Regional variants This conception of "new sincerity" meant the avoidance of cynicism, but not necessarily of irony. In the words of Alexei Yurchak of the University of California, Berkeley, it "is a particular brand of irony, which is sympathetic and warm, and allows its authors to remain committed to the ideals that they discuss, while also being somewhat ironic about this commitment". In American poetry Since 2005, poets including Reb Livingston, Joseph Massey, Andrew Mister, and Anthony Robinson have collaborated in a blog-driven poetry movement, described by Massey as "a 'new sincerity' brewing in American poetry – a contrast to the cold, irony-laden poetry dominating the journals and magazines and new books of poetry". Other poets named as associated with this movement, or its tenets, have included David Berman, Catherine Wagner, Dean Young, Matt Hart, Miranda July (who is also a filmmaker herself), Tao Lin, Steve Roggenbuck, D. S. Chapman, Frederick Seidel, Arielle Greenberg, Karyna McGlynn, and Mira Gonzalez. See also American Eccentric Cinema The Cult of Sincerity Kitsch movement Metamodernism Post-irony Reconstructivism References Russian literature Concepts