to danger and unwanted attention. The girls would travel in pairs in order to keep men from getting too touchy or aggressive. In one case, a gum girl by the name of Violet Eilids had the necktie of her dress grabbed by a man. As a reaction to this unwanted advancement, Eilids punched him in the face and broke his nose. Ethnological exhibits In the late 1800s, ethnological exhibitions began to develop as a form of public entertainment and cultural education on non-Western lifestyles. These exhibits showcased groups of individuals from various places all over the world in exhibits designed to mimic their homes. The inhabitants of many of the exhibits would remain in the exhibit until the end of the fair. The Midwinter Exposition of 1894 featured several ethnological expositions: the Hawaiian village, the Dahomeyan African village, various Japanese cultural exhibits, the Vienna Prater, the Arizona Indian Village, the Sioux Indian Village, the Oriental Village, a German Village, a Samoan Village, and the Eskimo/Inuit Village. The ethnological exhibits sparked controversy, particularly from the racial communities that identified with the ethnic groups on display. Many argued that the portrayal of these people groups were stereotypical, reductive, and racist, drawing criticism from Frederick Douglass and San Francisco's Japanese population. Furthermore, treatment of the people living in the exhibitions was criticized, though little action could be taken as the people living there were there of their own accord. Dahomeyan Village The Dahomeyan Village showcased Africans from French Congo, French Guinea, and Benin. These individuals were recruited by Xavier Pené, a French ivory trader and labor contractor who was permitted to exhibit an African village after putting on the same exhibit for the Chicago World Fair the previous year. There were 67 individuals in the Dahomeyan village, with four deaths throughout the duration of the exhibit. Frederick Douglass both condemned and praised the Dahomeyan Village, stating on separate occasions that it was "as if to shame the Negro [that] the Dahomians are also here to exhibit the Negro as a repulsive savage" and that "the Africans' dance and ceremonies which were all on the same principle, if not quite so well developed, as those of people living nearer to civilization." Douglass's remarks directed public attention towards the negative inner-workings of the cultural exhibits. Marsh's Japanese Village & Tea Garden Marsh's Japanese Village & Tea Garden, along with the Fine Arts building which later