John's, Newfoundland and other places on the coast. 1535: Jacques Cartier reaches Quebec. 1536: Cabeza de Vaca reaches Mexico City after wandering through North America. 1538: Failed Huguenot settlement on St. Kitts in the Caribbean (destroyed by the Spanish). 1539: Hernando de Soto explores the interior from Florida to Arkansas. 1540: Coronado travels from Mexico to eastern Kansas. 1540: The Spanish reach the Grand Canyon (the area is ignored for the next 200 years). 1541: Failed French settlement at Charlesbourg-Royal (Quebec City) by Cartier and Roberval. 1542: Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo reaches the California coast. 1559: Failed Spanish settlement at Pensacola, Florida. 1562: Failed Huguenot settlement in South Carolina (Charlesfort-Santa Elena site). 1564: French Huguenots at Jacksonville, Florida (Fort Caroline). 1565: Spanish slaughter French 'heretics' at Fort Caroline. 1565: Spanish found Saint Augustine, Florida. (Mission Nombre de Dios) 1566–1587: Spanish in South Carolina (Charlesfort-Santa Elena site). 1568: Dutch revolt against Spain begins. The economic model developed in the Netherlands would define colonial policies in the next two centuries. 1570: Failed Spanish settlement on Chesapeake Bay (Ajacán Mission). 1576: Martin Frobisher reaches the coast of Labrador and Baffin Island. 1579: Sir Francis Drake claims New Albion. 1583: England formally claims Newfoundland (Humphrey Gilbert). 1585: Roanoke Colony founded by English Roanoke Island, North Carolina, failed in 1587 1598: Failed French settlement on Sable Island off Nova Scotia. 1598: Spanish settlement in Northern New Mexico. 1600: By 1600 Spain and Portugal were still the only significant colonial powers. North of Mexico the only settlements were Saint Augustine and the isolated outpost in northern New Mexico. Exploration of the interior was largely abandoned after the 1540s. Around Newfoundland 500 or more boats annually were fishing for cod and some fishermen were trading for furs, especially at Tadoussac on the Saint Lawrence. Seventeenth century 1605 – Port Royal – French 1607 – Jamestown – English 1607 – Popham Colony – English 1608 – Quebec – French 1610 – Cuper's Cove – English 1610 – Kecoughtan, Virginia – English 1610 – Santa Fe – Spanish 1611 – Henricus – English 1612 – Bermuda - English 1615 – Fort Nassau – Dutch 1615 – Renews, Newfoundland – English 1618 – Bristol's Hope – English 1620 – St. John's, Newfoundland – English 1620 – Plymouth Colony – English 1621 – Nova Scotia – Scottish 1622 – Province of Maine – English 1623 – Portsmouth – English 1623 – Stage