mid-18th century, the label began to be applied in a "derogatory" sense to formal gardens in general, in the "distortions of polemicists". Francis Coventry, a clergyman and writer, in his 1753 magazine piece on "Strictures on the Absurd Novelties introduced in Gardening" said William Kent had rescued English gardens from "Dutch absurdity". In 1755 Richard Owen Cambridge wrote that the "Dutch" style had "for more than half a century deformed the face of nature in this country". In 1806, Humphry Repton, the leading garden designer of the day, said the "Dutch style" lasted from the accession of William III in 1689 for half a century, to be replaced by the "English style" of Capability Brown "to restore the ground to its original shape". Garden of Holland The small, fenced, Garden of Holland, defended by the Dutch Maiden and the Batavian Lion was, and to some extent still is, a popular patriotic metaphor for the independence of the Netherlands, first seen in the late 16th century. It draws from the medieval Hortus Conclusus. Many prints and forms of the decorative arts depict it, a few of which have interest from the garden history angle. Where there is a single tree in the garden, it represents the House of Orange, which often needs re-planting. Flora Common flowers in the Dutch garden are: Tulips Anemones Calla Lily Narcissus Roses Snowdrops Crocuses Noteworthy gardens in the Netherlands Some noteworthy public Dutch gardens are: The Keukenhof Prinsentuin (Groningen) mainly formal garden for an 18th-century palace Gardens of Arcen Castle Gardens of Oud-Valkenburg Castle Westbury Court Garden Notes References Jacques, David (2002), "Who Knows What a Dutch Garden Is?" Garden History 30.2, Dutch Influences (Winter 2002:114–130) Jacques, David (2017), Gardens of Court and Country: English Design 1630-1730, 2017, Yale University Press, Quest-Ritson, Charles, The English Garden: A Social History, 2003, Penguin, Uglow, Jenny, A Little History of British Gardening, 2004, Chatto & Windus, Dutch culture Gardens in the Netherlands Types of garden by country of origin