would no doubt have been admitted to the first meeting of the Mont Pelerin Society but for a second political engagement, which proved disastrous to his career and his reputation: his activities on behalf of the Vichy regime in France during World War II. In October 1940, French Head of State Philippe Pétain sent Rougier on a secret mission to the British government in London, where Rougier met with Winston Churchill between 21 and 25 October. Rougier later claimed in several published works that these meetings resulted in an agreement between Vichy and Churchill that he called the Mission secrète à Londres : les Accords Pétain-Churchill , an allegation that the British government later denied in an official White Paper. Although those activities and publications eventually led to Rougier's dismissal in 1948 from his teaching position at the University of Besançon, he continued to be active throughout the 1950s in organisations that defended Pétain. He also published works denouncing the épuration, the French equivalent of denazification, which was carried out on the formerly-Vichy territory by the Allies after the war, as illegal and totalitarian. Finally, Rougier was active in an effort that petitioned the United Nations in 1951 by alleging that the Allies had committed human rights violations and war crimes during the Libération. In the 1970s, Rougier formed a second controversial political alliance: with the Nouvelle Droite of the French writer Alain de Benoist. Rougier's long-standing opposition to Christianity, together with his conviction that "the West" possesses a pragmatically-superior mentalité to those of other cultures, aligned closely with the views of that movement. Benoist reissued and wrote prefaces to several of Rougier's earlier works, and in 1974, Benoist's thinktank, GRECE, published an entirely-new book by Rougier: Le conflit du Christianisme primitif et de la civilisation antique. Selected works 1919. La matérialisation de l'énergie: essai sur la théorie de la relativité et sur la théorie des quanta. Paris: Gauthier-Villars. English translation by Morton Masius: 1921. Philosophy and the new physics; an essay on the relativity theory and the theory of quanta. Philadelphia: P. Blakiston's Son & Co.; London: Routledge. 1920. La philosophie géométrique de Henri Poincaré. Paris: F. Alcan. 1920. Les paralogismes du rationalisme: essai sur la théorie de la connaissance. Paris: F. Alcan. 1921. En marge de Curie, de Carnot et d'Einstein: études de philosophie scientifique. Paris: Chiron. 1921. La structure des théories déductives; théorie nouvelle de la déduction.