the FTC's challenge of the Staples-Office Depot merger in federal court. The 1997 Horizontal Merger Guidelines were replaced on August 19, 2010. These guidelines introduced the concept of "upward pricing pressure" resulting from a merger between competing firms. The 2010 revisions, while deemed by some to be an improvement, attracted criticism from law and economics scholars who contend that they do not update efficiencies analysis, that they may not be recognized by the courts and that they do not embody principles that reflect dynamic competition. Notes See also United States antitrust law Second request (law) External links Merger guidelines documents: 1968 Merger Guidelines 1984 Merger Guidelines 1984 Non-horizontal Merger Guidelines 1992 Merger Guidelines 1992 Horizontal Merger Guidelines, with April 8, 1997, Revisions to Section 4 on Efficiencies 1997 Merger Guidelines 2010 Horizontal Merger Guidelines Official DOJ commentary on the horizontal merger guidelines 20th anniversary of the 1982 merger guidelines FTC International antitrust coordinator Debra Valentine Mergers and acquisitions United States antitrust law