a different moral light as someone who invests in future robbery. He also examines the problem of breaking contracts with the State, suggesting that in a free society, it would be legitimate to resign from an army despite signing a voluntary contract for a longer term of enlistment. However, in a State army, it would be morally permissible to leave the State's army at any time, regardless of the terms of enlistment. Finally, he distinguishes between "aggressive" and "defensive" bribery of government officials, arguing that aggressive bribery is illegitimate, but defensive bribery is justified as a means of protection against aggression by the State. Chapter 25, "On Relations Between States", discusses the moral principles that libertarianism can provide as criteria for foreign policy. In a stateless world, it is legitimate for an individual to use defensive violence against an aggressor, but not against innocent third parties. The same holds true in a war between two groups of individuals. Aggression against innocent people is a criminal act that must be repelled by violence if necessary. However, modern weapons of mass murder, such as nuclear weapons, cannot be pinpointed against actual criminals, making it a difference in kind from earlier weapons. Rothbard argues that wars between states are uniquely characterized by inter-territoriality and increased aggression against the state's own taxpayers. This is because state wars can only be funded through aggression against the taxpayer. Furthermore, while some revolutions and private conflicts may be legitimate, state wars are always to be condemned as they involve increased aggression against the state's own taxpayers and almost always involve the maximum aggression against innocent civilians ruled by the enemy state. The libertarian's objective, therefore, should be to pressure states not to launch wars against other states and to negotiate peace treaties as quickly as possible. Finally, the laws of war and neutrality were designed to limit the invasion of the rights of the civilians of the respective warring countries and to keep the war strictly confined to the warring states themselves. Part IV: Modern Alternative Theories of Liberty Part IV is "a discussion and critique of several leading alternative theories of liberty brought forth in the modern world, by those who are very roughly in the free-market, or classical liberal, tradition." Chapter 26, "Utilitarian Free-Market Economics", is the only chapter divided into subsections, viz., "Introduction: Utilitarian Social Philosophy", "The Unanimity and Compensation Principles", and "Ludwig von