to Europe. Use of chicory as a coffee substitute became widespread in France early in the 19th century due to coffee shortages resulting from the Continental Blockade. It was used during the American Civil War in Louisiana, and remains popular in New Orleans. Chicory mixed with coffee is also popular in South India, and is known as Indian filter coffee. Postum is an instant type of coffee substitute made from roasted wheat bran, wheat and molasses. It reached its height of popularity in the United States during World War II when coffee was sharply rationed. Examples Roasted grain drinks are prepared from various cereals: Barleycup is a brand of instant drink made from barley, rye, and chicory and sold in the UK. Barley tea is an infusion popular across East Asia and sometimes sold as a coffee substitute. Caffè d'orzo is an espresso-style preparation of roasted barley made in Italy. Nestlé Caro is another brand of instant drink made of roasted barley, malted barley, chicory, and rye. Inka is a Polish drink made of rye, barley, chicory and sugar beet. Postum is an instant wheat bran and molasses drink invented by C. W. Post. Infusions or tisanes of other plant material can resemble coffee. Dandelion coffee is a tisane of dandelion roots. Qishr is drink of coffee husks and spices from Yemen. Coffee substitutes can be added to true coffee as an adulterant. Camp Coffee is a mix of chicory and coffee from the UK, sold since 1876. Ricoré is a mix of chicory and coffee from France created in 1953, now produced by Nestlé. Synthetic coffee In 2021, media outlets reported that the world's first synthetic coffee products have been created by two biotechnology companies, still awaiting regulatory approvals for near-term commercialization. Such products, which can be produced via cellular agriculture in bioreactors and for which multiple companies' R&D have acquired substantial funding, may have equal or similar effects, composition and taste as natural products but use less water, generate less carbon emissions, require less labour and cause no deforestation. Products that are comparable to naturally grown coffee on the chemical molecular level would not be "coffee substitutes" but differ only in their method of production; hence they would be "lab-grown coffee". Earlier, in 2019, molecular coffee, made from undisclosed plant-based materials and caffeine, was demonstrated after being developed by an American company, Atomo. However, it is unclear how