more commonly found in the lowlands and foothills of the Caribbean slope but have also been reported from forest edge and cultivated areas with pastures, scattered trees, and wooded streams. The major food sources include ripening seeds, palm fruits, crops. Behavior and ecology Pionus parrot is the earliest known captive bird, and has become a popular companion bird due to their ideal size and temperament. Most parrots, however, retain the behavior in the wild and their ability to adapt as a pet bird varies considerably. A range of behavioral problems may arise as a consequence of poor adaptive ability, and bird keepers can assist their birds living conditions through deepen understanding of the species behavior and habits. Housing Pionus birds should be kept as individual pairs since they are very social animals; a pair of hens would be preferable over two males as they tend to be more aggressive. Ideally, the aviaries should be made of stout wire mesh, and be at least 1.5 times the wingspan of the parrot. Since parrots flaps their wings to exercise which maintains bone strength and functioning of joints to improve heart performance, the enclosure should allow room for the parrot to spread their wings and accommodate airborne movement. The sleeping, reproductive, and molting cycle of birds are driven by the duration of light. Light that is gathered through the retina and harderian gland creates a visual image and transmit information about day length and light quality to the pituitary gland to pineal gland of the body which influence the cycles. An adequate amount of light and dark period will facilitate sleep and maintain their physical and mental health. It is recommended that 12 hours of quiet and dark should be provided for sleep. A cage cover can be employed to create a darkened environment for a favorable sleeping cycle. Enrichment In a captive environment, enrichment should be provided to encourage behavioral diversity and minimize abnormal behaviors. This can be achieved through different environmental enrichment, including social, occupational, physical, sensory, and nutritional enrichment. These enrichments are particularly important during the developmental stage or juvenile timeframe of birds. Social Social enrichment involves direct or indirect contact with humans such as visual or auditory interactions. Since parrots communicate in a rich and subtle way, it is important to understand their common communication signals to maintain a healthy interaction between the parrot and humans. Some common aggressive