flesh to the corresponding live prey. Olfactory (cologne) and visual (a red collar on the sheep) cues increased the suppression of predation through conditioned learned aversion in coyotes, although this was for a limited duration. Grazing livestock frequently eat poisonous plants, and death often results. Behavioral adjustments by conditioned taste aversions may protect animals from over-ingestion of toxic plants. Three species of plants with different mechanisms of toxicity were tested for their ability to condition a taste aversion in sheep. Only woody aster conditioned a taste aversion indicating that conditioned aversions to selenium-containing plants help deter consumption of such plants by grazing ruminants. Crop protection The cultivation of woody plants (olive trees, grapevines, fruit trees, etc.) can benefit from having animals e.g. sheep and goats, grazing the same area as their faeces nourish the soil thereby reducing the use of herbicides and fertilisers. However, these same animals sometimes eat the crops. Lithium chloride has been used to develop conditioned taste aversion to olive leaves and shoots in sheep and goats. List of animals that show it Below is an incomplete list of animals for which poison shyness or bait shyness has been documented in pest control: Rats Nile rat Laboratory rat Possums Brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) Moles Voles Mice House mice Deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) Coyotes (Canis latrans) Crows Carrion crows Ravens See also Taste aversion References Ethology Pest control