1st century – c. 106) Västergötland (c. 1st century – c. 6th to 12th century; absorbed by Sweden) Aidhne (pre-1st century – 1543) Sri Ksetra (c. 1st century – 656) Cóiced Ol nEchmacht – pre 2nd century AD to c. 600. Chera Kingdom (c. 3rd century BC – 1102 AD; became Kingdom of Venad) Chola Kingdom (c. 3rd century BC – 1279 AD; absorbed into Pandyan Kingdom) Srivijaya (c. 3rd century AD – c. 1400; became Sultanate of Malacca) Sassanid Empire (226 – 651; a period of Persian Empire) Gupta Empire (240–550) Wa (Japan) (3rd to 5th century – 12th century) Byzantine Empire (324–1453; absorbed into Ottoman Empire) Uí Maine, Ireland, c. 357 – c. 1611. Kingdom of Osraige, c. 4th century – c. 1556. Kingdom of Uí Failghe, at least 4th century – 16th century. Kedah Kingdom (630–1136; became Kedah Sultanate ) Kidarite Kingdom (c. 4th century – c. 5th century) Kingdom of Powys (c. 4th century – 1284; absorbed into England) Pictland (c. 4th century – 843; merged with Dál Riata to form Scotland) Kingdom of Gwynedd (c. 5th century – 1209; absorbed into Wales) Connacht (4th/5th century – 1478) Máenmaige (pre 581 – 8th/9th century) Suebi (410–584) Tethbae (pre 5th – 11th century) Merovingians (410–751) Rheged (~420-638; annexed by Northumbria) Ailech (5th-century – 1185) Visigothic Kingdom (475–718) Ostrogothic Kingdom (489–553; absorbed into Byzantine Empire) Kingdom of Terengganu (c. 6th century – c. 15th century; became subnational monarchy of Malacca) Dál Riata (pre 6th century – 839; merged with Pictland to form Scotland) Pattani Kingdom (c. 500 – c. 11th century; became subnational monarchy of Srivijaya) Frankish Empire (509 – 843; became Holy Roman Empire) Kingdom of Mide (c. 530's – 1173) Chenla (550 – c. 715) Mercia (585 – 918; absorbed into England) Uí Fiachrach Muaidhe (c. 600 – c.1603) Frisian kingdom (around 600 – 734; destroyed by the Franks.) Brega (pre-604 – 1171) Cnogba (Knowth) (pre 634 – 10th century) Conaille Muirtheimne (pre 668 – after 1081) Kingdom of Breifne (6th century – 1605) Northumbria (654–954) Champa (c. 7th century – 1832) First Bulgarian Empire (681 – 1018; absorbed into Byzantine Empire) Airgíalla (pre-697 AD – 1590) Deis Mumhain (pre 697 – c. 1244) Balhae Empire (698–926) Middle Ages and Renaissance Loch Gabhair (8th–11th centuries) Al-Andalus (711–1492; absorbed by Kingdom of Spain) Kingdom of Denmark (pre 714–1848; became constitutional monarchy) Kingdom of Asturias (718–924; absorbed by