Madurai, in the mid-860s (865 CE). It is possible that at the time of the raid, the salai may have been under control of the Chera Perumal king of Kerala, Bhaskara Ravi. If that was the case, the campaign can be viewed as part of Rajaraja's early battles against the Cheras, Pandyas and the rulers of Sri Lanka. However, some historians argue that Kandalur salai, which only later Chola inscriptions (1048 CE) claim to have belonged to the Chera Perumals, may have been held by the Pandyas when it was attacked by Rajaraja I. A hero stone inscription was unearthed from a village near Tiruvannamalai in November, 2009. It supports the view that a military engagement indeed took place at Kandalur. It has a eulogy that talks about Rajaraja "beheading the Malai Alargal of Kandalur Salai". References to Kandalur salai Corrections by M. G. S. Narayanan on K. A. Nilakanta Sastri are employed. 865 CE — Huzur Office/Parthivapuram Plates of Ay chieftain Karunantatakkan Srivallabha (a vassal of the Pandya king Srimara Srivallabha). 988 CE — first Chola reference to the fall of Kandalur salai ("Kandalur salai kalamarutta"). 1018-19 CE — Chola (Rajadhiraja and Rajendra) campaigns in Kerala. 1048 CE – Velur and Tiruppangili inscriptions – Kandalur salai is mentioned as 'Cheralan Velaikkelu Kantalur Chalai'. Kalingattupparani (III-21) mentions Kulottunga Chola's victory of over the Bow Emblem and the Chola capture of Kantalur Salai. c. 1102 — c.1118 CE – Jatavarman Parakrama Pandya mentions the capture of Kantalur Salai (for his Chola overlord Vikrama Chola). References 988 10th century in India History of Kerala Kandalur Salai Naval history of India Chera dynasty Kandalur Salai Military orders (monastic society)