permitted bootleg product is the yellow sticky Post-it note developed by Arthur Fry and Spencer Silver at 3M. Another famous example is Google, where employees are allowed to spend up to 20% of their work time in personal projects related to the company's business. Several services provided by Google such as Gmail, Google News, Orkut and AdSense were originally created by employees in their work time. In other languages The specific phrase used to describe bootlegging varies by language. Quite a few firms have their own specific terms for it. English: Friday afternoon work, work behind the fume cupboard, freelance work, under-counter work, under-table work, pet project, discretionary research, free-wheeling, illicit research, scrounging, renegade work, work in the shadow/underworld, unsanctioned innovation, unsponsored innovation, un-solicited innovation, autonomous initiatives, self-organized innovation, stealth innovation. French: ("camouflaged research"), ("hidden research"), ("parallel research" or "research on the side"), ("free research"), (literally "research in a wig"), ("uncontrolled research" or "unmetered research"), or ("submarine research"). German: (literally "submarine science"), or ("gray projects"). See also Skunkworks project Notes References Schon, D.A., 1963, Champion for Radical New Inventions, in Harvard Business Review, March/April. Augsdorfer, P., 1996, Forbidden Fruit: an analysis of bootlegging, uncertainty, and learning in corporate R&D, Aldershot Michalik, C., 2003, Innovative Engagement: An Empirical Study of the Bootlegging Phenomenon in R&D (in German), Gabler Masoudnia, Y., (2012), Bootlegging in High Technology R&D Departments: From Initiation to Disclosure. Dissertation at Cranfiled University Stephan, A., (2019), Le bootlegging dans une organisation fondée sur la technologie : défis et opportunités, Dissertation at Strasbourg University Eicher, St., (2029), Uncovering Covert Innovation: Bootlegging, Illegitimacy, and Management's attitude; Springer Gabler Informal economy Research and development