on one single locus that is differentially expressed in males and females. One pair of these differentially expressed morphs is the Yellow and Red fronts, where the morph manifests phenotypically as Yellow in females but Red in males. Similarly, the Red blob and Red ring in Hawai’i populations have a varied manifestation between the sexes with the Red blob in females and Red ring in males. These differences in phenotypes are most likely due to differential expression and not sex-linkage. The different genetic backgrounds in the color morphs of T. grallator in Maui and Hawai’i are due to the difference in ages of the two islands and their colonization. Maui emerged first, followed by Hawai’i. Because of the presence of some sex-selective morphs in Hawai’i - a phenomenon not observed in Maui - it is likely that a shift in inheritance pattern occurred due to evolutionary pressures. Currently, there is very little exchange of individuals amongst the Hawaiian islands, as shown by the distinct formation of monophyletic clades on each island. Despite the difference in genetic backgrounds and the rare exchange of individuals, hybrid matings between islands can still produce viable offspring. This indicaties that T. grallator on Maui and Hawai’i are not too differentiated from one another. Evolution and selection The evolutionary significance of the color polymorphisms of T. grallator is elusive, but there are selection pressures acting on the various morph proportions. The Yellow morph sometimes exists in proportions of about 70% of the total population. The remaining portion of the population displays a variety of the patterned morphs. This high skew toward the Yellow morph indicates that there must be evolutionary significance involved in this specific polymorphism. The predominant theory to explain this skew is predator selection. Because T. grallator resides on the underside of green leaves, the Yellow morph provides them a degree of conspicuousness under the sunlight. This allows them to better evade predators. However, there still exist advantages to the other color polymorphisms despite their lower observed frequencies. This can also be explained in terms of predation. Females benefit much more from the Yellow morph because they are largely sedentary, residing on their leaves most of the time. The male T. grallator is much more mobile and spends much of its time on the ground, searching for mates. Without the shield of the leaf, the Yellow morph will not always be the most beneficial