the mild verdict. Apparently, Gaius did not suffer from this conviction. He kept his seat in the Senate and remained politically active, as he was sued again in 109 by the Mamilian commission—named after the tribune of the plebs Gaius Mamilius Limetanus. Officially, this special court was set up to investigate the bribes received by Roman politicians from Jugurtha, the King of Numidia, against whom Rome had been at war since 112. However, the jurors were all equites and the targeted individuals were men associated with the demise of the Gracchi (the equites had been made jurors in the criminal courts by Gaius Gracchus). The first man prosecuted was therefore Lucius Opimius, the consul who in 121 had ordered the murder of Gaius Gracchus and his supporters. Then followed Lucius Calpurnius Bestia (consul in 111), Gaius Sulpicius Galba, Spurius Postumius Albinus (perhaps the consul of 110), and thus Gaius Porcius Cato—who all can be linked to the Gracchi, as enemies or turncoats. Cicero makes it clear that they owed their condemnation to the Gracchan background of the jurors. Gaius may have not even waited for the result of the trial and went into exile. Unlike most other exiled Romans, Gaius did not move to another city in Italy or the Greek East, but went instead to the less civilised Tarraco in Hispania Citerior, because the Porcii Catones had been the patrons of the city ever since Cato the Censor had served as consul and proconsul in Spain in 195–194. The name Porcius is more frequently encountered on inscriptions in the area, an indication of the Catones' influence over the town. Gaius' choice shows that he did not expect to be restored, because other exiles often remained closer to Italy in order to lobby for their return, such as Lucius Opimius who settled to Dyrrachium (now Durrës in Albania). Gaius received the citizenship of Tarraco, and presumably died there. Gaius was possibly the grandfather of Gaius Porcius Cato, tribune of the plebs in 56 BC. Footnotes References Bibliography Ancient sources Cicero, Brutus, Laelius De Amictia (translation on Wikisource), In Verrem (translation by C. D. Yonge on Wikisource), Pro Balbo. Modern sources Michael C. Alexander, Trials in the Late Roman Republic, 149 BC to 50 BC, University of Toronto Press, 1990, . Ernst Badian, Foreign Clientelae (264–70 B.C.), Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1958, . ——, "The Legend of the Legate Who Lost His