later by invoking winload.exe. Options to resume Windows Vista and later from hibernation by invoking winresume.exe. Options to boot a prior version of the Windows NT family by invoking its NTLDR. Options to load and to execute a volume boot record. Boot Configuration Data allows for third-party integration, so anyone can implement tools like diagnostics or recovery options. Boot loaders bootmgr The BIOS invokes MBR boot code from a hard disk drive at startup. The MBR boot code and the VBR boot code are OS-specific. In Microsoft Windows, the MBR boot code tries to find an active partition (the MBR is only 512 bytes), then executes the VBR boot code of an active partition. The VBR boot code tries to find and execute the bootmgr file from an active partition. The UEFI invokes bootmgfw.efi from an EFI system partition at startup. winload.exe The Windows Boot Manager invokes winload.exe—the operating system boot loader—to load the operating system kernel executive (ntoskrnl.exe) and core device drivers. In that respect, winload.exe is functionally equivalent to the operating system loader function of NTLDR in prior versions of Windows NT. In UEFI systems, the file is called winload.efi and the file is always located at \windows\system32 or \windows\system32\boot. winresume.exe If the computer has recently hibernated, then bootmgr will instead invoke winresume.exe. In UEFI systems, the file is called winresume.efi and is always located at \windows\system32 or \windows\system32\boot. Advanced Boot Options With the advent of the new boot manager in Windows Vista, many components have been changed; one is the Advanced Boot Options menu that provides options for advanced boot modes (e.g., Safe Mode). Due to the implementation of fast startup in Windows 8 and up, access to the Advanced Boot Options menu has been disabled by default. However, access is still possible with a BCD modification. These are the possible boot modes: Repair Your Computer - Boots Windows Recovery Environment (WinRE or Windows RE) Safe Mode - Loads Safe Mode, a boot mode with minimal drivers and resources intended for malware removal or replacing faulty drivers. Safe Mode with Networking - Loads Safe Mode along with the network drivers. Safe Mode with Command Prompt - Loads Safe Mode with the Command Prompt as the shell instead of Windows Explorer. Windows Explorer can still be loaded by typing explorer at the command prompt. Enable Boot Logging - Enables writing of ntbtlog.txt, a file that will log the