Nissan are all in the BusinessWeek magazine's "100 Top Global Brands" by dollar value, as ranked by leading brand consultancy Interbrand. The Toyota marque was valued at US$22.67 billion, ranking it ninth among all global brand names - automotive or non-automotive, edging out that of Mercedes-Benz. 2010 end of year production figures from the International Organization of Motor Vehicle Manufacturers shows that Toyota holds the number 1 spot, Nissan number 6, and Honda number 7. Germany The German trio Audi, Mercedes-Benz and BMW are often referred to as "Germany's Big Three", although the actual major automobile manufacturers are the Volkswagen Group (majority owner of Audi AG), the Mercedes-Benz Group, and BMW. Other major German manufacturers are Opel and Ford-Werke, but are not considered as part of this grouping, although they are among the top selling brands in Europe - they are both foreign-owned (Opel is a subsidiary of Stellantis since 2021 and had been owned by PSA Group and General Motors before that, whilst Ford Werke is a wholly owned subsidiary of Ford Motor Company), and are largely Germany based and carry out much of their research and development in the nation. Volkswagen Group has long been the largest automaker in Europe. As of 2007 it edged out Ford to rank third in the world after General Motors and Toyota. It is also the parent group of Audi, Porsche, SEAT, Škoda, Bugatti, Lamborghini and Bentley. Daimler AG holds major stakes in other automakers including Mitsubishi Fuso. BMW also produces Mini branded vehicles, and has been the parent company of Rolls-Royce Motor Cars since 1998. BMW, Mercedes-Benz and Audi make up about 80% of the global luxury market. France Renault, Peugeot and Citroën are often referred to as France's Big Three although the latter two are subsidiary brands of Stellantis N.V. Originally, Groupe PSA were the owners of Peugeot and Citroën until the merger with Fiat Chrysler Automobiles in 2021, forming Stellantis. France is home to two major automaking companies: Stellantis (owner of the Peugeot, Citroën, DS and Opel/Vauxhall brands as well as other auto brands in Italy and the U.S.) although the newly merged company is headquartered in the Netherlands. Renault Group (owner of the Renault, Alpine, Dacia, Lada, Renault Samsung Motors brands and 15% of Nissan) the 3rd-largest automaker in Europe and the 9th-largest of the world in 2016. France was a pioneer in the automotive industry and is