Aman or Kedah Genealogy. The historicity and the dating of the list of rulers however is questionable as Kedah may have remained Hindu-Buddhist until the 15th century when its king converted to Islam. Hindu era The following is a list of kings of Kedah Kingdom. Each used the Hindu title of Sri Paduka Maharaja. The exact dates of each king's reign are not known, and the dates given are speculative. Durbar Raja I (330–390) Diraja Putra (390–440) Maha Dewa I (440–465) Karna Diraja (465–512) Karma (512–580) Maha Dewa II (580–620) Maha Dewa III (620–660) Diraja Putra II (660–712) Darma Raja (712–788) Maha Jiwa (788–832) Karma II (832–880) Darma Raja II (880–956) Durbar Raja II (956–1136; succeeded as Sultan of Kedah, see below) Source for the list of sultans is the Muzium Negeri Kedah, Alor Setar, Malaysia. "The sultans of Kedah". Islamic era The beginning of the use of the title sultan in Kedah is attributed to a visit by a Muslim scholar from Yemen, Sheikh Abdullah bin Ja'afar Quamiri, to Durbar Raja II's palace at Bukit Meriam in 1136. The audience resulted in the king's conversion to Islam. He adopted the name Mudzaffar Shah and established the sultanate of Kedah. The source for the list of sultans given here is the official genealogy given for the sultan of Kedah. There are however discrepancies with the Kedah Annals as it lists only five sultans from the first convert Mudzaffar Shah to Sulaiman Shah, who was captured by Aceh in 1619, in contrast to the twelve listed here. The rest of the list largely follows as that given in the Kedah Annals with the exception of a few changes and more recent updates in the 20th and 21st century. Culture Nobat The nobat musical instruments of Nagara and Nepiri were introduced to Kedah by Maharaja Derbar Raja. The instrument is also called semambu. The band is led by the king, and it consists of drums, a gong, a flute and a trumpet. Today, nobat is a royal orchestra, played only during royal ceremonies such as inaugurations, weddings, and funerals. The building which houses the instruments and where the ensemble rehearses is known as the Balai Nobat, literally the Office of Nobat, in Alor Setar city proper. See also Bujang Valley Hikayat Merong Mahawangsa Sultanate of Johor Sultanate of Malacca Sultanate of Singgora Kingdom of Kubang Pasu Darul Qiyam, another historical Malay Kingdom