focuses on the “modern transformation of Chinese women.” In Cai Chusheng's New Woman, we see several motifs that support the central idea of the narrative. The first is the irony of the traditional wife. Mrs. Wang is dependent on Dr. Wang and since she has no financial resources, she has to tolerate her husband's indiscretions. The second motif in the narrative is about women's rights. Although the female protagonist Wei Ming does not get a perfect ending, she is a new generation woman who is brave enough to pursue a career, a new life and even a relationship, compared to a traditional wife like Mrs. Wang. The third motif is about class struggle, such as the "prejudice" in the workplace, the threat from high social status people like Dr. Wang, and Wei Ming's struggle and compromise in the face of life. References Further reading Lu, Sheldon H. "Chapter 11 The New Woman Incident Cinema, Scandal, and Spectacle in 1935 Shanghai." Transnational Chinese Cinemas: Identity, Nationhood, Gender. University of Hawai'i Press, 1997. “Gossip is a fearful thing”: Ruan Lingyu’s 新女性 from The New Women (1935). August 2015. The New Woman: Image, Subject, and Dissent in 1930s Shanghai Film Culture by Kristine Harris. Journal Republican China Volume 20, 1995 page 55-79 Hong, Guo-Juin. "Framing Time: New Women and the Cinematic Representation of Colonial Modernity in 1930s Shanghai." positions: east asian cultures critique 15, 3 (Winter 2007): 553-80. Ruan Lingyu: reflections on an individual performance style by Mette Hjort Ruan Lingyu: Media killed the movie star by Rob Hemsley "New Women", chapter 6 in Chinese Film Classics, 1922-1949, by Christopher Rea. New York: Columbia University Press, 2021. Jing, Shen. “Women’s Revenge: Male Violence vs Female Masculinity in The New Woman (1935) and The Price of Madness (1988).” Asian Cinema, Volume 22, Number 2, September 2011, pp. 226–252(27) Further viewing New Women (1935) with English subtitles on YouTube The Goddess (1934 film), Ruan Lingyu's other well known film Three Modern Women – 1932 film directed by Bu Wancang Life - 1934 film directed by Fei Mu National Customs - 1935 film directed by Luo Mingyou and Zhu Shilin Women Side by Side – 1949 film directed by Chen Liting Interview of the director, Cai Chusheng, talks about "New Life" and Ruan Lingyu Chinese Film Classics (chinesefilmclassics.org) - scholarly website on Chinese film history, featuring information on New Women and other films of Ruan Lingyu