fighting phase. Once a grab has been made, the second phase is entered and hits are no longer allowed. The third phase is entered when the jujutsuka are down on the mat. Switching back and forth between all phases is possible, that is, if the jujutsuka managed to stand up again, the first or second phase would recommence. Customs The customs are akin to those used in other Japanese budō disciplines: Training is performed in a dojo. Jujutsugi or judogi are worn. A kyu/dan ranking system is used. Grandmasters References External links Deutscher Ju-Jutsu Verband (German Ju-Jutsu Association) European martial arts German martial arts Jujutsu