women. In the case of chronic pain it seems to not be possible to avoid the pain itself but rather to avoid the perceived threat (pain). Chronic pelvic pain is often associated with or resulting from the functions of the abdominal nervous system (often called "neuropathic pain"). If medications prescribed fail to be successful, patients may be referred to a practice specializing in a pain management, such as progressive muscle relaxation technique. Here, the treatment aims to release tightness of the muscles in the abdomen and lower back, as well as musculoskeletal tension. Schizophrenia Progressive muscle relaxation has been used in psychiatric settings as an alternative means of coping with subjective stress and states of anxiety. A few modern studies have reported a therapeutic effectiveness on psychological distress and anxiety symptoms as well as on response/remission for people with schizophrenia. There is some evidence revealing a decrease in stress level after regular training, after which patients tend to feel a greater sense of wellness and well-being. Moreover, they aim to learn how to manage stressful situations, especially those related to "self-control", "assuming responsibility" and "positive re-evaluation". However, the application of progressive muscle relaxation technique to the patients with schizophrenia is not widely used and the application requires additional research. Sport Professional sports require constant tension from athletes both physically and mentally, therefore it has been hypothesized that progressive muscle relaxation techniques may help athletes achieve optimal performance and optimize functioning in daily life. Long term effects According to Encyclopedia of medicine by Miller-Keane, long term effects of practicing progressive muscle relaxation include: A decrease in generalized level of anxiety A decrease in anticipatory anxiety related to phobias Reduction in the frequency and duration of panic attacks Improved ability to face phobic situations through graded exposure Improved concentration An increased sense of control over moods Increased self-esteem Increased spontaneity and creativity See also Autogenic training Autosuggestion Biofeedback Yoga nidra References Body psychotherapy Massage therapy