The Colubrinae are a subfamily of the family Colubridae of snakes. It includes numerous genera, and although taxonomic sources often disagree on the exact number, The Reptile Database lists 717 species in 92 genera as of September 2019. It is the second largest subfamily of colubrids, after Dipsadinae. Many of the most commonly known snakes are members of this subfamily, including rat snakes, king snakes, milk snakes, vine snakes, and indigo snakes. Colubrine snakes are distributed worldwide, with the highest diversity in North America, Asia, northern Africa, and the Middle East. There are relatively few species of colubrine snakes in Europe, South America, Australia, and southern Africa, and none in Madagascar, the Caribbean, or the Pacific Islands. Colubrine snakes are extremely morphologically and ecologically diverse. Many are terrestrial, and there are specialized fossorial (e.g. Tantilla) and arboreal (e.g. Oxybelis) groups, but no truly aquatic groups. Some of the most powerful constrictors (e.g. Pantherophis, Pituophis, Lampropeltis) are members of this group, as are a few snakes that have strong enough venom to kill humans (i.e. boomslangs [Dispholidus] and twigsnakes [Thelotornis]). Within Colubrinae, genera and species seem to make up five distinct radiations that are to varying degrees broadly similar in terms of ecology and geographic distribution, although increased sampling is needed to determine whether all species currently placed in Colubrinae fit into one of these groups. These correspond roughly to the historically recognized tribe names Sonorini, Colubrini, Boigini/Lycodontini, Dispholidini, and Lampropeltini. Coluber is the type genus of both Colubrinae and Colubridae and the basis for the name Colubroidea, and it is one of only three snake genera named by Carl Linnaeus still in use for a snake today. Genera A group of 4 genera historically placed in Colubrinae have recently been called a separate subfamily, Ahaetullinae, in a few analyses. These are Ahaetulla Link, 1807, Chrysopelea Boie, 1827, Dendrelaphis Boulenger, 1890, and Dryophiops Boulenger, 1896. Aeluroglena Boulenger, 1898 Aprosdoketophis Wallach, Lanza & Nistri, 2010 Archelaphe Schulz, Böhme & Tillack, 2011 Argyrogena Werner, 1924 Arizona Kennicott, 1859 Bamanophis Schätti & Trape, 2008 Bogertophis Dowling & Price, 1988 Boiga Fitzinger, 1826 Cemophora Cope, 1860 Chapinophis Campbell & Smith, 1998 Chironius Fitzinger, 1826 Coelognathus Fitzinger, 1843 Coluber Linnaeus, 1758 Colubroelaps Orlov, Kharin, Ananjeva, Thien Tao & Quang Truong, 2009 Conopsis Günther, 1858 Coronella Laurenti, 1768 Crotaphopeltis Fitzinger, 1843 Dasypeltis Wagler, 1830 Dendrophidion Fitzinger, 1843 Dipsadoboa Günther, 1858 Dispholidus Duvernoy, 1832 Dolichophis Gistel, 1868 Drymarchon