until they were then as numerous as the stars. In , God promised that Abraham's descendants would as numerous as the stars of heaven. Similarly, in , God promised that Abraham's descendants would as numerous as the stars of heaven and the sands on the seashore. In , God reminded Isaac that God had promised Abraham that God would make his heirs as numerous as the stars. In , Jacob reminded God that God had promised that Jacob's descendants would be as numerous as the sands. In , Moses reminded God that God had promised to make the Patriarch's descendants as numerous as the stars. In , Moses reported that God had made the Israelites as numerous as the stars. And foretold that the Israelites would be reduced in number after having been as numerous as the stars. and both tell the story of the Twelve Spies. Whereas says that God told Moses to send men to spy out the land of Canaan, in , Moses recounted that all the Israelites asked him to send men to search the land, and the idea pleased him. Whereas reports that the spies spread an evil report that the Israelites were not able to go up against the people of the land for they were stronger and taller than the Israelites, in , Moses recalled that the spies brought back word that the land that God gave them was good. Professor Patrick D. Miller, formerly of Princeton Theological Seminary, saw the reassurance of echoed in and and ; ; and . Deuteronomy chapter 2 , and each report the Israelites' interaction with Edom and Moab. and report that the Israelites sent messengers to the kings of both countries asking for passage through their lands, and according to the passage in Numbers the Israelites offered to trade with Edom, but both kings declined to let the Israelites pass. reports that the Israelites were instructed to pay Edom for food and drink. Deuteronomy chapter 3 The blessing of Moses for Gad in relates to the role of Gad in taking land east of the Jordan in and . In , Moses commended Gad's fierceness, saying that Gad dwelt as a lioness and tore the arm and the head. Immediately thereafter, in , Moses noted that Gad chose a first part of the land for himself. In classical rabbinic interpretation The parashah is discussed in these