Kazem Rajavi () (8 February 1934 – 24 April 1990) was a university professor known for his work as a human rights advocate. He was also the elder brother of Iranian Mujahedin leader Massoud Rajavi. When, in 1971, Massoud Rajavi was arrested and sentenced to death, Kazem Rajavi managed to prevent the execution by forming an international campaign and changing the verdict to life imprisonment. He engaged in international endeavors to defend human rights in Iran, held graduate degrees in law, sociology and political science, and was a "major opposition voice to the fundamentalist government of Iranian". He was a political science professor at Geneva University. He is believed to have been assassinated by Islamic Republic of Iran agents. Career Kazem Rajavi was Iran's first Ambassador to the United Nations headquarters in Geneva following the 1979 Iranian Revolution. However, he left the post just after one year. Rajavi was also a orator and well-known human rights activist. He became the representative of the National Council of Resistance of Iran (NCRI) in Switzerland where each year he headed the People's Mujahedin of Iran delegation to the United Nations Human Rights Commission, and was "vocal in the campaign against repression in Iran". Rajavi also held a professorship and taught at the School of Law at Geneva University for nearly 10 years. 162 members of Congress referred to Kazem Rajavi as "a great advocate of human rights, who had dedicated his life to establishment of democracy in his homeland." Rajavi had received several threats from agents of the Islamic Republic of Iran, but continued his work as a dissident and human rights activist. Assassination Although Dr Rajavi had been threatened more than once by Islamic Republic agents, he had continued his work that led to the UN General Assembly and Human Rights Committee to condemn Iran for making violations. On 24 April 1990, Kazem Rajavi was killed in Geneva. He was shot in the head at close range, with the assassins escaping the scene. After Dr Rajavi's assassination, 162 American Congress members condemned the murder while praising Rajavi for "his devotion to human rights and the cause of democracy in Iran - for which he had sacrificed his life". The congressmen's letter also said that the Iranian government was responsible for the murder, also pointing out that Iranian government press had warned governments in the west to "prohibit Mojahedin activities in their territories".