to the saddest day of the Hebrew calendar, the holiday on which Lamentations is chanted. References Notes Sources Further reading The parashah has parallels or is discussed in these sources: Biblical (Rephaim, Emim, Horites); (numerous as stars); (numerous as stars); (numerous as stars). ; ; ; , 20, 27; ; , 8 (hardening of heart); (appointment of the chiefs); (command to lead the people to the Promised Land). (departure for the Promised Land); (the spies); ; (victories over Sihon and Og); ; . . , 12–18; (hardening of heart); . (the establishment of justice as necessary for God's Presence). (God as the epitome of justice). Early non-rabbinic Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews 3:14:1–2 ; 3:15:1–3 ; 4:1:1–3 ; 4:4:5; 4:5:1–3. Romans 1st Century. (hardening of heart). Late 1st Century. (changing hearts to God's purpose). Classical rabbinic Mishnah: Taanit 4:6, 8; Sotah 7:8. Land of Israel, circa 200 C.E. In, e.g., The Mishnah: A New Translation. Translated by Jacob Neusner, pages 315–16, 459. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1988. . Tosefta: Sukkah 3:13; Sotah 4:6, 7:12, 17, 14:4; Menachot 7:8; Arakhin 5:16. Land of Israel, circa 250 C.E. In, e.g., The Tosefta: Translated from the Hebrew, with a New Introduction. Translated by Jacob Neusner. Peabody, Massachusetts: Hendrickson Publishers, 2002. . Sifre to Deuteronomy 1:1–25:6. Land of Israel, circa 250–350 C.E. In, e.g., Sifre to Deuteronomy: An Analytical Translation. Translated by Jacob Neusner, volume 1, pages 15–65. Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1987. . Jerusalem Talmud: Sheviit 47a; Maasrot 4b; Challah 45a; Bikkurim 12a; Rosh Hashanah 3a; Taanit 17a; Megillah 2a; Sanhedrin 2b; Avodah Zarah 15b. Tiberias, Land of Israel, circa 400 CE. In, e.g., Talmud Yerushalmi. Edited by Chaim Malinowitz, Yisroel Simcha Schorr, and Mordechai Marcus, volumes 6b, 9, 11, 12, 24–26, 44, 47. Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 2006–2020. And in, e.g., The Jerusalem Talmud: A Translation and Commentary. Edited by Jacob Neusner and translated by Jacob Neusner, Tzvee Zahavy, B. Barry Levy, and Edward Goldman. Peabody, Massachusetts: Hendrickson Publishers, 2009. . Genesis Rabbah 1:2; 16:3; 26:7; 44:23; 49:2; 51:11. Land of Israel, 5th century. In, e.g., Midrash Rabbah: Genesis. Translated by Harry Freedman and Maurice Simon, volume 1, pages 4, 126–27, 217, 377–78, 420, 450; volume 2, pages 588, 687, 799, 966. London: Soncino Press, 1939. . Leviticus Rabbah. Land of Israel, 5th century. In, e.g., Midrash Rabbah: Leviticus. Translated by Harry Freedman and Maurice Simon, volume 4, pages 141–43, 410, 443. London: