is a semi-internal art. Hankido emphasizes the use of three principles, which are Won (圓), Yu (流), and Hwa (和), and using the power of softness. To give the hankido practitioner more insight into these principles, there are three exercises they can practice, the Sam Dae Wolly (삼대원리). The name of the exercise representing the circle-principle is called Jeon Hwan Bub (전환법). The name for the exercise of the flow-principle is called Young Nyu Bub (역류법) and the last exercise, representing the heart-principle, is called Shim Hwa Bub (심화법). This last one is also referred to as the rowing exercise. Techniques Another unique aspect of hankido is that it consists of twelve basic self-defense techniques (ho shin ki, 호신기) which are connected to 24 breathing techniques: twelve for the defender called 'Techniques of the Sky' (Chun Ki Bub, 천기법, 天氣法) and twelve techniques for the attacker called 'Techniques of the Earth' (Ji Ki Bub, 지기법, 地氣法). Heaven and Earth are each other's opposites and thus resemble the Korean Um (Yin in Chinese) and Yang. There is more to hankido than just these twelve circle techniques, but these form the stable basis for every hankido practitioner. Curriculum There are 8 disciplines (directions) in which the I.H.F teaches the hankido curriculum. Ho Shin Do Bup (Self defense) Moo Ye Do Bup (Spinning/dancing techniques) Su Jok Do Bup (Striking techniques) Kyuk Ki Do Bup (Sparring techniques) Ki Hap Do Bup (Ki-development techniques) Byung Sool Do Bup (Weaponry) Su Chim Do Bup (Use of pressure points) Hwan Sang Do Bup (Visualisation and breathing exercises) The twelve basic self-defense techniques on which the hankido curriculum is built are: Kwan Jul Ki Bub - 관절기법 Chi Ki Bub - 치기법 Sib Ja Ki Bub - 십자기법 / 十자기법 Nae Wae Ki Bub - 내외기법 / 內外기법 Kyeo Rang Ki Bub - 겨랑기법 Mok Kama Bub - 목감아법 Mok Keokki Bub - 목꺾기법 Oh Kae Too Bub - 어깨투법 Joong Pal Too Bub - 중팔투법 Hwae Jeon Too Bub - 회전투법 Pal Mok Ki Bub - 팔목기법 Pal Bae Ki Bub - 팔배기법 Development After Myung Jae Nam's death the development of hankido has been overseen by the Jaenam Musul Won Foundation. There are several international and Korean initiatives to spread the art of hankido. Most well known for his effort to do this is Master Ko Baek Yong from the Sang Moo Kwan International Training Center.