the region is geologically relatively new with hosts of environmental problems and hence unstable in nature. Environmental degradation has adversely affected Darjeeling's appeal for tourists. The town as a district headquarters acts as the center of all types of economic activity, which attracts the rural folks of the district to migrate to the town for better opportunity. Besides, the pleasant climate of the town compels the people from the surrounding states to migrate and settle permanently in the region. 2011 census According to provisional results of 2011 census, Darjeeling Urban Agglomeration had a population of 132,016, out of which 65,839 were males and 66,177 were females. The sex ratio was 1005 females per 1,000 males. The 0–6 years population was 7,382. Effective literacy rate for the population older than 6 years was 93.2 per cent. The population of the Darjeeling municipal area in the Indian decennial census of 2011 (the last for which there is processed data) was 118,805 individuals; of those, 59,618 were females and 59,187 were males, yielding a gender ratio of 1007 females for every 1000 males. The population density of the Darjeeling municipality was 15,990 individuals per . The literacy rate of Darjeeling town was 93.9%; the female literacy rate was 91.3% and the male was 96.4%. Among groups whose historical disadvantages have been recognized by the Constitution of India and designated for amelioration in subsequent commissions and programmes of the Government of India and state governments, the scheduled tribes of Darjeeling town constituted approximately 22.4% of the population, and the scheduled castes 7.7%. The work participation rate was 34.4%. The population that lived in slums was 25,026 individuals (21.1% of the population). 2001 census As per the 2001 census, the Darjeeling urban agglomeration (which includes Pattabong Tea Garden), with an area of 12.77 km², has a population of 109,163. Also, the town has an additional average diurnal floating population of 20,500–30,000, mainly consisting of tourists and visitors. The population density is 8548 per km². The sex ratio is 1017 females per 1000 maleswhich is higher than the national average. The town houses about 31% of its population in the slums. This is the result of the unprecedented urban growth due to the unsustainable migration in the area (mainly of daily wage earners) for better opportunity. Religion The major religion in the district is Hinduism, followed by Buddhism. Christians and Muslims form the minority. The majority