buildings in the post-colonial era in Malaysia still incorporated a sheltered walkway, although not necessarily in the form of an arcade. Southern China, Taiwan and Hong Kong Colony The Five Foot Way or Verandah regulation was also applied for town planning in Taiwan in the late 19th century and in South China in early 20th century under the Republic of China. The verandah may be found as the qilou (arcade) of these regions. In the early colonial period of Hong Kong, any construction and projection was not allowed above the public walkways, but the colonial government issued "the Verandah Regulation" in 1878 to enable adjacent land leaseholder to build overhanging second floor above the walkways to cope with the lack of living space. South East Asia This architectural feature also spread to other South East Asian countries, such as Thailand, the Philippines, Brunei, and Burma after the mid-19th century. Such feature may have been introduced to Bangkok after the visit of Rama V to Singapore in 1871, while towns in southern Thailand were influenced by their proximity to Malaya. It remains a prominent element in modern architecture in Singapore and Malaysia. Communal Kaki Lima Kaki Lima in Indonesia The Indonesian usage of kaki lima is interchangeable with trotoar (from French via Dutch: trottoir), as both refer to walking paths or sidewalks. In Indonesian, the colloquial term pedagang kaki lima references street hawkers that often occupy the five-foot ways. The Kaki Lima in Indonesia historically offered a potpourri of goods such as shirts, socks, blouses, pots and pans. Nowadays, they are often occupied by small eateries and stands. See also Overhang (architecture) Portico Verandah References Sources 1. Johann Friedrich Geist, Arcades The History of a Building Type, 1989, 2. Doren Greig, The Reluctant Colonists Netherlanders Abroad n the 17th and 18th centuries, 1987, 3. Jean Gelman Taylor, The Social World of Batavia European and Eurasian in Dutch Asia, 1983, 4. Hideo Izumida, Chinese Settlements and China-towns along Coastal Area of the South China Sea: Asian Urbanization Through Immigration and Colonization, 2006, (Japanese version), (Korean version) Architectural elements Architecture in Indonesia Architecture in Singapore Architecture in Malaysia