gamblers to throw the 1919 World Series in the Black Sox scandal: Eddie Cicotte. One story says that Cicotte had been promised a $10,000 bonus – equal to $ today – if he won 30 games; he was denied five starts towards the end of the season by team owner Charles Comiskey, who had manager Kid Gleason bench him to "save his arm for the World Series". However, the story remains unsubstantiated. Cicotte went 29–7 for the season. Lefty Williams lost all three of his starts in the World Series, setting a record that has never been matched. The only other pitcher to have lost three games in a single World Series, George Frazier in , lost all three of his appearances in relief. Chick Gandil was the mastermind and ringleader of the scandal. In a 1956 article in Sports Illustrated, he admitted his role in the fix and expressed remorse for having done so, saying that he and his co-conspirators deserved to be thrown out of baseball just for talking to the gamblers. Fred McMullin was only a backup infielder. However, he overheard teammates discussing the fix and threatened to report them unless he was included. Swede Risberg was one of the ringleaders of the scandal. Happy Felsch hit and fielded poorly in the series. "Shoeless" Joe Jackson. (The precise extent of Jackson's involvement is controversial.) Buck Weaver, like Jackson, was controversially banned. Weaver refused to accept any money and played to the best of his ability in the Series, but was banned nevertheless because he knew of the conspiracy but did not report it to MLB authorities and team ownership. Weaver successfully sued White Sox owner Charles Comiskey for his 1921 salary. Joe Gedeon of the St. Louis Browns was banned in 1921 for allegedly conspiring with the gamblers behind the Black Sox scandal. Eugene Paulette of the Philadelphia Phillies was banned in 1921 for associating with known gamblers. Benny Kauff of the New York Giants was banned in 1921 for selling stolen cars. Commissioner Landis considered him "no longer a fit companion for other ball players", despite Kauff being acquitted of the charges against him in court. Lee Magee of the Chicago Cubs was released just before the season began. Magee sued the Cubs for his 1920 salary and lost; after court testimony proved he had been involved in throwing games and collecting on bets, Landis banned