lines running over 12 km of track, operated by ARST. Florence – since 2010 with 2 urban lines running over16.8 km of track, operated by a joint venture GEST between municipal transport company ATAF Firenze and RATP Paris. Messina – since 2003 with 1 urban line running over 7.7 km of track, operated by ATM Messina. Mestre/Venice – since 2010 with 1 urban line running over 7.7 km of track, operated by ACTV. Milan – since 1881 with 17 urban lines and 1 interurban line, running over 181 km of track, operated by ATM. Naples – since 1875 with 3 urban lines running over 11.8 km of track, operated by ANM Napoli. Padua – since 2007 with 1 Translohr urban line running over 10.3 km of track, operated by APS Padova. Palermo – since 2015 with 4 urban lines. Rome – since 1877 with 6 urban lines running over 40 km of track, operated by ATAC Roma. Sassari – since 2006 with 1 tram-train line running over 4.3 km of track, operated by ARST. Trieste – since 1902 with 1 hybrid tramway-funicular railway line running over 5.2 km of track, operated by Trieste Trasporti. Turin – since 1871 with 9 urban lines running over 84 km of track, operated by GTT Torino. Latvia There are currently three tram systems in Latvia, in Riga, Daugavpils and Liepāja. Luxembourg Trams began serving Luxembourg City in 1875, and in Esch-sur-Alzette in 1927. First generation trams in the country ended with the closure of the Esch-sur-Alzette network in 1956, and the Luxembourg City network in 1964. A second generation of trams began service in December 2017, along a new route that will, by 2021, run from Luxembourg Airport to the Cloche d'Or business district. Malta A tram service was inaugurated in Malta on 23 February 1905, linking the capital Valletta with Floriana, Ħamrun, Birkirkara, the Three Cities, Qormi and Żebbuġ. The service competed with the Malta Railway and later the Malta buses. Service eventually ceased on 15 December 1929. The Ministry of Transport has considered the reintroduction of trams in Malta. Netherlands In the Netherlands many local light railways were referred to as trams, even where the steam locomotives did not have enclosed motion. Today, extensive tram networks exist in: Amsterdam (GVB) Rotterdam (RET) The Hague (HTM) Utrecht (Qbuzz) Norway There are three tramways () in Norway; the Oslo Tramway that operates as a