of White British ethnic origin, with small amounts of minority groups clustered in most notably East London. From 1948 onwards and especially since 1971, the population has diversified in international terms at an increased rate. In 2011, it was reported for the first time that White British people had become a minority within the city, establishing it was a majority-minority city within the country. In 2005, a survey of London's ethnic and religious diversity claimed that there were more than 300 languages spoken and 50 non-indigenous communities with a population of more than 10,000 in London. Ethnicity in boroughs This table shows the proportion of different multi-ethnic groups by London borough, as found in the 2021 census. Ethnicity overall The following table shows the ethnic group of respondents from estimates in 1971 and in the 1991 – 2021 censuses in Greater London. Ethnicity of school pupils Ethnicity of births Country of birth The 2021 census recorded that 3,575,740 people or 40.7% of London's population are foreign-born (including 27.9% born in a non-European country). Languages According to the 2011 Census, 6,083,420 or 77.9% of London's population aged 3 and over spoke English as a main language, with a further 1,406,912 (19.8%) speaking it as a second language or well to very well. 271,693 (3.5%) could not speak English well, while 47,917 (0.6%) could not speak English at all. 2,456 (<0.1%) spoke other UK minority languages, with the most common being Welsh and 2,926 (<0.1%) used British Sign Language. This shows also great challenges for TfL and other government services, for example most ticket vending machines use only English, French and up to 2 other western Europe hemisphere languages, while as shown below most demand is for Indian languages, Polish etc. The most common main languages spoken in Greater London according to the 2011 and 2021 censuses are shown below. Religion The following table shows the religion of respondents in the 2001 and 2011 censuses in Greater London. Social issues Marriage and divorce In 2019, a total of 29,139 marriages occurred within London. Abortion In 2020, 27.7% of conceptions were aborted in the city. Health In 2021, the suicide rate in total was 6.6 for every 100,000 people. For males this was 9.9 and for females this was 3.4. Income and industry The vast majority of people within London work in the service sector. See also Demography of the United Kingdom Demography