black scaling. Female differs less from the 2 of D. h. hierta, but on the underside of the hindwing the yellow colour is as restricted as it is in the male; the subterminal red spots are of a richer vermilion than in D. h. hierta, and the anterior two or three as in the d have an interior narrow margin of diffuse black scales. Antennae, head, thorax and abdomen as in D. h. hierta, but the thorax and abdomen shaded slightly darker with a bluish-grey appearance. Subspecies D. h. ethire, Doherty (Madras; Orissa; Lower Bengal) differs from typical D. h. hierta as follows: Male upperside very pure white. Forewing has the black margins to the veins very narrow, the oblique postdiscal band ill-defined, scarcely any irroration of black scales on the apical half of the wing. Hindwing pure white, the colours of the underside seen through by transparency as in D. h. hierta. Underside differs from D. h. hierta principally in the brighter tint of the yellow on the hindwing, and in the more clearly defined, less diffuse black margins of the veins. Female differs less from female D. h. hierta than does the male from the corresponding sex of the same insect. Upperside has the interspaces beyond the postdiscal oblique band on forewing and the cell and basal halves of the interspaces beyond the cell on the hindwing distinctly tinged with yellow. Underside: all the markings more neatly and clearly defined than in D. h. hierta, the interspaces beyond the oblique postdiscal band on the forewing bright lemon-yellow. Antennae, head, thorax and abdomen in both sexes as in D. h. hierta. The 2.5cm pupa has a short black ridge anteriorly and spike-like dorsal processes across most body segments and spike-like lateral black processes in the early abdominal segments. A few black streaks are located in the wing pad. Taxonomy The subspecies of Delias hyparete listed chronologically are: D. h. hyparete (Linnaeus, 1758): Java, Bali, Lombok, Bawean Island, Madura Island, Kangean Isl D. h. hierta (Hübner, 1818): southern China, Hong Kong D. h. luzonensis (Felder, 1862): Luzon, Taiwan, Mindoro, Marindugue, Sibuyan, Polilio, Negros, Cebu, Bohol, Panay, Samar, Leyte, Panoan Island D. h. mindanaensis Mitis, 1893: Mindanao D. h. haemorrhoea Vollenhoven, 1865: Bangka Island D. h. indica Wallace, 1867: Nepal, Burma, Thailand, Vietnam, Yunnan, Hainan D. h. metarete Butler, 1879: Malaysian Peninsula, Andaman Islands, southern Thailand D. h. niasana Kheil, 1884: