the other hand, have used the discredited examples as an argument against evolution. There is no "scientific" proof, they say, of the uselessness of a particular organ. It is important to note that a vestige is not necessarily a completely useless organ. Although defined as "useless" in popular media, a vestige as defined in evolutionary biology may still have some use, but the use has since diminished. This definition is consistent with Wiedersheim, who said that vestigial organs are "wholly or in part functionless" (Wiedersheim 1893, p. 200) and have "lost their original physiological significance" (p. 205). Although Wiedersheim's originally published list contains 86 items, later interpretations enlarged his list to 180 vestiges. The zoologist Horatio Newman said in a written statement read into evidence in the Scopes Trial that "There are, according to Wiedersheim, no less than 180 vestigial structures in the human body, sufficient to make of a man a veritable walking museum of antiquities." Structures included in Wiedersheim's list of 86 vestigial organs Legacy Robert Wiedersheim is commemorated in the scientific name of a species of chameleon, Trioceros wiedersheimi. See also Human vestigiality Vestigial organs References External links 1848 births 1923 deaths Evolutionary biologists German anatomists 19th-century German biologists People from Nürtingen