administrating the CBRA include: • Maintaining the official maps of the CBRS and providing copies for public viewing at USFWS headquarters, regional, and field office locations; • Maintaining the administrative record for each CBRS unit; • Consulting with federal agencies to determine whether federal funds may be spent within designated CBRS areas; • Determining whether properties lay within CBRS boundaries; • Reviewing and modifying the CBRS every five years to reflect geomorphic changes such as erosion and accretion; and • Working with Congress, landowners, and other interested parties when questions concerning the correct application of CBRS boundaries Designated and Protected Areas Initially, CBRA consisted of 186 units totaling of shoreline and of undeveloped, unprotected coastal barriers on the Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Mexico coasts. Shortly following its enactment, Congress passed the Great Lakes Coastal Barrier Act (Public Law 100-707), which required the Secretary of the Interior to identify additional System units along the Great Lakes. The Secretary identified and recommended for inclusion in the System 112 Great Lakes units totaling . The Act was amended in 1990 by the Coastal Barrier Improvement Act (CBIA, Public Law 101-591) to include the designation of otherwise protected areas (OPAs), which applies to the national, state and local areas that include coastal barriers held for conservation or recreation. Examples of OPAs include National Wildlife Refuges, national parks and seashores, state parks, and lands owned by private organizations for conservation purposes. The CBIA expanded existing CBRS units, and created new units and OPAs along the Great Lakes, Puerto Rico, the Florida Keys, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and secondary barriers within large embayments. Additionally, CBIA required the Secretary to prepare a report on Pacific Coast coastal barriers. This report has never been submitted to the Congress, and no Pacific coast barrier units have been included in the System. The CBRS currently includes 585 System units, which add up to approximately of land and associated aquatic habitat. Additionally, there are 271 OPAs, which comprise nearly of land and associated aquatic habitat, which are protected by CBRA. CBRS areas now extend along the coasts of the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico, as well as Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and the Great Lakes. Modification of boundaries According to the Act, only Congress has the power to modify boundaries of the CBRS through legislation. The one exception to this rule is a five-year review of