the flea beetle Phyllotreta nemorum. The P-type belongs morphologically to the variety B. vulgaris var. arcuata, but may also be identical to the variety originally described as Barbarea arcuata Rchb. var. pubescens N. Busch. In this context, the usual type of B. vulgaris var. arcuata is called the "G-type" (for glabrous (hairless) leaves). This type is reported to be dominant in Central Europe. On a genomic scale, more than 22.000 genes (89% of those tested) were found to have fixed differences between the two types. A chemotype with deviating glucosinolate content has been described from Western and Central Europe and named the "NAS-type" (because it is dominated by the glucosinolate glucoNASturtiin. This type has increased resistance to some specialized insects. In this context, the usual chemotype of B. vulgaris is called the "BAR" type (because it is dominated by glucoBARbarin). While the P-type and G-type differ in multiple genetic, chemical and morphological features, the NAS and BAR types seem to be a simple monogenic variation. For this reason, it has been suggested to refer to NAS and BAR forms (from the lowest botanical rank forma) and P- and G-types. Indeed, occasional NAS form plants in Central Europe were found to be G-type by a set of genetic markers. Uses The young leaves can be eaten raw or cooked. The buds and flowers are also edible. It can also be used as a dead-end trap crop for diamondback moth, the caterpillar of which is a pest on cruciferous plants like Cabbage. Subspecies Barbarea vulgaris var. arcuata (Opiz ex J. Presl & C. Presl) Fr. Barbarea vulgaris var. brachycarpa Rouy & Foucaud Barbarea vulgaris var. longisiliquosa Carion Barbarea vulgaris var. sylvestris Fr. Gallery See also Barbarea verna References External links United States Department of Agriculture plants Profile for Barbarea vulgaris (garden yellowrocket) vulgaris Flora of North Africa Flora of Europe Flora of temperate Asia Flora of the Indian subcontinent Leaf vegetables Medicinal plants of Asia Medicinal plants of Europe Least concern plants Plants described in 1812