published the Missel des Fidèles, the first French-Latin missal. The following year, his remarks during a liturgical congress at Liège caused controversy when he spoke favorably of lay participation in the Mass, and that those present should receive communion during Mass rather than before or after. The Missel des Fidèles, with its introductions and explanations helped to make the Mass intelligible to the laity. This was a significant moment in the nascent Belgian Liturgical Movement. (Years later Dom Gaspar Lefebvre, of St. Andrew's Abbey, Zevenkerken, would make significant pastoral contributions to the liturgical movement by publishing from 1920 to 1959 biligual missals from Latin into English, French, Dutch, and Italian.) In 1884 Caloen founded the journal Messager des Fidèles, which in 1890 became the Revue Benédictine. "Messager des Fidèles is significant as the first publication founded to assist the promotion of the liturgical movement." In 1886 Caloen was named Procurator General for the Beuronese Congregation and sent to Rome, where he participated in the establishment of the Benedictine College of Sant’ Anselmo on the Aventine. There he became professor of liturgy. In 1888 Abbot Placidus sent him to Louvain to assist in the development of a monastic house of studies at the university. Caloen was a chaplain to university students and began the initial planning for a monastic foundation from Maredsous to be made in Louvain. In 1888 he became head of the study house in Louvain, and in 1893 again procurator in Rome. Missionary The first Benedictines came from Portugal to Brazil in 1581. In 1822 when Brazil became independent from Portugal, the Holy See directed the constitution of the Brazilian Congregation. The Brazilian Benedictine Congregation had been gradually declining due to anticlerical legislation in 1855 which forbade the Brazilian monasteries to accept novices. When the law was changed in 1889 it opened the way for a possible recovery. The Abbot President of the Brazilian Congregation, Domingos Machado, asked Pope Leo XIII to request help from one of the other Benedictine congregations. In 1893 Caloen was commissioned by Pope Leo XIII to restore the monastic life of his fellow Benedictines in Brazil. Caloen was sent with fellow monk Jerome Kiene, to assess the situation in Brazil, having first stopped at Portugal to study the language. They arrived in early 1894, and returned in July to report their findings to the General Chapter of the Beuronese Congregation which convened at