over for its launch by an Iranian satellite carrier. Mesbah-2 is a limited application communication satellite which was conceived as a locally designed satellite after the original Mesbah project failed to materialize due to international pressures on Iran. It will have a life span of 3 years with store dump capability and its own navigation system. It is scheduled for launch in 2012. Qaem, is a geosynchronous communication satellite that is being developed by Iran and is scheduled to be launched on an Iranian carrier by 2016. The satellite is going to have a life expectancy of 15 years, broadcasting TV and Radio channels. Pars Sepehr, is a remote sensing satellite being built and to be launched from Iran. Its launch date is not yet confirmed. Pars-2, is a remote sensing satellite being built and to be launched from Iran. Its launch schedule has not yet been announced. ZS4 is an Iranian satellite to be launched by an Iranian launcher. Its mission role and launch date have not been revealed. Sina-2 is a small satellite that will replace the mission role of Sina-1. SM2S is an Iranian satellite to be launched by an Iranian launcher. Its mission role and launch date have not been revealed. Iran is also to implement 10 satellite projects with Asia-Pacific Space Cooperation Organization (APSCO) members. The organization has defined 10 projects on designing, building and launching light satellites, middle class satellites weighing 500–600 kg, research satellites, remote-sensing and telecommunications satellites. Besharat satellite is being built by Iran with collaboration of some OIC members which have volunteered in the project. It is to be launched by Iran. The countries which are jointly working with Iran on the project are Pakistan, Turkey, Malaysia and some Arab countries. Its launch date is not yet confirmed. Saar (Starling) will be produced by Iran's Khajeh Nasir Toosi University of Technology. Zohreh, is a geosynchronous communication satellite which was originally proposed before the Revolution in the 1970s as part of a joint Indian-Iranian project of four Iranian satellites to be launched by the then upcoming NASA Space Shuttles. Iran had also negotiated with France to build and launch the satellites but the project never materialized. In 2005, Iran negotiated with Russia to build and launch the first Zohreh satellite under an agreement worth $132 million with the satellite launch date stipulated as 2007–2008. The new agreement had followed the earlier failed