house insurance company La Paternelle, both controlled from 1859, both among the predecessor entities of Axa the which operated major warehousing facilities in and around Paris, created in 1860, now part of Icade The Spanish insurance company El Fénix Español, created in 1864 and merged in 1879 to form , now part of Allianz The Pereires were also instrumental in the creation and/or development of businesses they did not effectively control. These included: the Comptoir national d'escompte de Paris, created in 1848, one of the main predecessor entities of BNP Paribas the Crédit Foncier de France, created in 1852, now part of Groupe BPCE the Darmstädter Bank für Handel und Industrie, created in 1853–54, forcibly merged into Dresdner Bank in 1931 the Imperial Royal Austrian State Railways, created in 1854 and dismantled into national companies in 1918 the bank, created in Madrid in 1855-56 and reformed in 1902 as the Banco Español de Crédito, now part of Banco Santander the Banque Internationale à Luxembourg, created in 1856 the railway company in Russia, created in 1856 the railway company in Spain, created in 1858 and nationalized in 1941 the in Saint-Nazaire, created in 1862 to build ships for the Compagnie Générale Transatlantique, one of the predecessor entities of the Chantiers de l'Atlantique the in Turin, taken over by restructuring a former Rothschild venture in 1862 on the model of the Crédit Mobilier, liquidated in 1894 in the crisis context of the formation of the Bank of Italy the Imperial Ottoman Bank, reformed in 1863, eventually merged in 2001 into Garanti Bank the Crédit Foncier d'Autriche, created in 1864 Even though the Pereires were not involved, their success with the Crédit Mobilier was taken as a model for the creation in 1856 of the , the , and the Stockholms Enskilda Bank. The Pereires also sponsored coal mining developments in Lorraine and Northern France. Politics and media The Pereires were deeply involved in French politics. Emile Pereire was member of Parliament (député) for the département of Gironde between 1863 and 1869. Isaac was similarly député for the Pyrénées-Orientales between 1863 and 1869, and for the Aude in 1869–1870. Isaac's son Eugène was also a député in the Tarn during the same period. They also maintained a lifelong involvement in public debates through the media. In the 1820s Emile wrote regularly in Le Globe and from 1830, in Le National. In November 1871,