COVID) requires the same types of self-care behaviors required of people with a chronic illness, but the medication adherence and symptom monitoring behaviors associated with an acute illness are typically short lived. Routine health maintenance self-care behaviors that individuals engage in (e.g., adequate sleep) are still required of those dealing with acute or chronic illness. For the majority of people with a chronic illness, time spent having that illness managed by a health professional is vastly outweighed by time spent in self-care. It has been estimated that most people with a chronic illness spend only about 0.001% or 10 hours per year of their time with a healthcare provider. In people with chronic illness, self-care is associated with fewer symptoms, fewer hospitalizations, better quality of life, and longer survival compared to individuals in whom self-care is poor. Self-care can be physically and mentally difficult for those with chronic illness, as their illness is persistent and treated in a vastly different manner from an acute illness. Factors influencing self-care There are numerous factors that affect self-care. These factors can be grouped as personal factors (e.g., person, problem, and environment), external factors, and processes. Personal factors: Lack of motivation: when one doesn’t have enough energy. This can be caused by stress, anxiety, or other mental health illnesses. Cultural beliefs: this includes traditional gender roles, family relationships, collectivism. This can also affect self care behaviors. Self-efficacy or confidence: one’s confidence can positively or negatively affect their mental state. Functional and cognitive abilities: by not being perfect humans, one tends to focus on their weakness. Support from others: such as from family or friends can be crucial to have a healthy and positive mindset to do self-care. Access to care: depending on the self-care some require specific resources or objects in order to carry out. External factors: Living situation: can greatly affect an individual’s self-care. Surrounding environment: must be safe and promote self-care for all residents. Proximity of health care facilities: are important to have at a close radius from one’s household. As well as office/clinic opening hours and affordability must be taken into consideration. Processes: Experiences Knowledge Skill Values Self-care practices are shaped by what are seen as the proper lifestyle choices of local communities. Social determinants of health play an important role in self-care practices. Internal personal factors such as motivation, emotions, and cognitive abilities also influence self-care maintenance behaviors. Motivation is