Korean constitution are usually considered as an entirely new constitution due to the extent of the changes made to the original document. 1992 amendment The Socialist Constitution of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea was first amended at the 3rd session of the 9th Supreme People's Assembly on 9 April 1992. The amendment solidified Kim Jong-il's position as the successor to Kim Il-sung by making the National Defence Commission a separate institution from the Central People's Committee. It also no longer made the President the supreme commander of the armed forces and the chairman of the National Defense Commission. This made the chairman of the National Defense Commission the highest military authority. These provisions allowed for Kim Jong-il to assume the positions of supreme commander of the Korean People's Army on 24 December 1991 and chairman of the National Defense Commission on 9 April 1993. The amendment's introduction was also a response to the Revolutions of 1989 in Eastern Europe and the dissolution of the Soviet Union. It removed mentions of Marxism–Leninism in the constitution, and constitutionalized the philosophical principle of Juche with the Workers' Party of Korea being stated to have a leading role in the country's activities. It also removed the foreign policy clause of international cooperation with socialist states and adopted independence, peace and solidarity as the basis for North Korea's foreign policy. The amendment hinted at co-existence between North Korea and South Korea by changing its stance of revolutionary unification into peaceful unification. The amendment also introduced economic provisions aimed at emphasizing an independent national economy and developing science and technology. It also introduced provisions for joint ventures between the country's institutions, enterprises and organizations and foreign corporations and individuals. The amendment revised the national emblem to include Mount Paektu, and recognized Aegukka as the national anthem. 1998 amendment The Socialist Constitution was amended for the second time at the 1st session of the 10th Supreme People's Assembly on 5 September 1998. The amendment was approved to introduce changes to North Korea's government system following the death of Kim Il-Sung in 1994. The amendment included a preamble that enshrined Kim Il-sung as the eternal President and named the constitution as the "Kim Il-sung Constitution" that is based on the former leader's ideas and achievements. It also abolished the office of the President and the Central People's Committee with the President's powers as head of state being