Shanxia (named after the Shanxi Province) is a monospecific genus of ankylosaurid dinosaur from the Shanxi Province that lived during the Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian-Campanian, ~99-71 Ma) in what is now the Huiquanpu Formation. Shanxia may possibly represent a junior synonym of Tianzhenosaurus, an ankylosaurine also known from the Huiquanpu Formation of China. Discovery and naming In 1993, Messrs. Lu and Li of the Hebei Geological Survey discovered a partial ankylosaurid skeleton at a locality in the Shanxi Province and notified staff of the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, who collected the material later that year. The holotype specimen, IVPP V11276, consists of a braincase, occiput, skull roof, ?quadratojugal, axis vertebra, cervical vertebrae, dorsal vertebrae, caudal vertebrae, humerus, fragment of ?ilium, femora and an osteoderm. The holotype skull is partially reconstructed with plaster to stabilise parts of the skull roof and to attach the skull roof to the braincase. Upchurch & Barrett, 2000 noted that the skull had not been artificially widened or lengthened by excess plaster. The specimen was specifically obtained from the Huiquanpu Formation and is currently housed at the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Beijing. The generic name, Shanxia, refers to the Shanxi Province which is where the holotype was recovered from. The specific name, tianzhenensis, refers to the Tian Zhen County. In 1999, Sullivans considered Shanxia as a nomen dubium and as a possible junior syonynm of Tianzhenosaurus. Sullivan noted that the only diagnosable characteristic, the unique shape of the squamosal horn, of Shanxia is known to be variable within a single taxon such as Euoplocephalus. Sullivan also noted that due to the presence of two ankylosaurids in the Huiquanpu Formation, they were likely to represent the same taxon. However, Upchurch & Barrett, 2000 considered Shanxia as a valid taxon based on at least on autapomorphy or diagnostic trait. Thompson et al., 2012 also recovered Shanxia as a valid taxon based on the caudal projection of the squamosal horns, form of cranial armour and haemal arch attachment. Arbour & Currie, 2015 considered that there are no unique characteristics that distinguish Shanxia from Tianzhenosaurus, and Tianzhenosaurus from Saichania, an ankylosaurid from the Barun Goyot and Nemegt Formation. Description Due to the fragmentary nature of the holotype specimen, not much information is known about the exact size and appearance of Shanxia. Barrett et al., 1998 distinguished Shanxia from all other ankylosaurids based on the morphology of the