Professorships at the University of Glasgow can take either of two forms: an established chair or a personal professorship. An established chair is one which has been set up by endowment and is intended to last indefinitely, i.e. that when a chair is vacated, someone else will be appointed to it. Personal professorships are conferred on individuals and exist only so long as that individual continues to hold the post. While the first established chair at the university was created in 1637, personal professorships were first created by the university in 1964 to facilitate more flexibility in appointment. No difference in status is drawn between holders of established or personal professorships, and all are accorded ex-officio membership of the Academic Senate. The following is an incomplete list of established professorships at the University of Glasgow, organised by college. The title of the professorship is followed by the date of foundation. Dates in italics indicate the year of foundation of lectureships on which chairs were based. Arts Professor of Divinity (1640) Professor of Humanity (1682) (1618) MacDowell Professor of Greek (1704) (1581) Professor of Hebrew and Semitic Languages (1709) Professor of Logic and Rhetoric (1727) Professor of Moral Philosophy (1727) Professor of Ecclesiastical History (1716) (Until 1935 Regius Professorship) Professor of Divinity and Biblical Criticism (1861) Regius Professor of English Language and Literature (1861) Professor of Modern History (1893) Professor of Scottish History and Literature (1913) Marshall Professor of French Language and Literature (1917)(1895) Stevenson Professor of Hispanic Studies (1924) Stevenson Professor of Italian (1924) Gardiner Professor of Music (1928) Professor of Christian Ethics and Practical Theology (1939-1945) Professor of English Language (1947) (1907) Edwards Professor of Medieval History (1955) Professor of Celtic (1956) Bradley Professor of English Literature (1965) Richmond Professor of Fine Art (1965) Stevenson Professor of French Language and Literature (1966) Dalrymple Professor of Archaeology (1972) James Arnott Professor of Drama (1972) Professor German Language and Literature (1973) Denis Brogan Professor of American History (2001) Frances Hutcheson Professor of the Arts (2001) Chair of Gaelic (2010) William Jacks Chair in Modern Languages (2010) Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences Medicine Regius Professor of Medicine and Therapeutics (1637) Regius Professor of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (1815) Regius Professor of Surgery (1815) Regius Professor of Materia Medica (1831) (1766) (merged with theRegius Professor of Medicine and Therapeutics in 1989) Regius Professor of Forensic Medicine (1839) Professor of Clinical Medicine (1874) Professor of