on economic levers such as cost, price and profit. Article 34 states that North Korea has a planned economy which the state shall develop based on socialist principles. Article 35 provides a requirement for a state budget based on North Korea's plans for economic development. Article 36 states that foreign trade in North Korea is conducted by state institutions, state enterprises and social cooperatives with the objective of maintaining credibility in foreign trade, improving trade structure and developing trade relations with foreign countries. Article 37 encourages joint ventures with foreign corporations and individuals and the creation of businesses in special economic zones. Article 38 establishes a tariff policy to protect the North Korean economy. Chapter 3 – Culture Chapter 3 of the Socialist Constitution consists of 18 articles that outline the cultural structure of North Korea. Article 39 states that North Korea has a socialist culture, which in Article 40 states to be training the people into builders of socialism. Article 41 provides that this socialist culture is popular and revolutionary. Article 44 provides for public education, cadre training, technological education and education in work. Article 45 provides for a universal compulsory 12-year education, with Article 46 providing scientific and technical training. Articles 47, 48 and 49 provides for free education, allowances for university and college students, social education, conditions for study to all workers and nurseries and kindergartens for preschool children from the state. Articles 50 and 51 emphasizes that North Korea should develop its science and technology. Article 52 states that North Korea has a Juche-oriented, revolutionary art and literature that has nationalist form and socialist content that allows for the production of ideological and artistic works and the broad participation of the masses in literary and artistic activities. Article 53 requires the state to provide cultural facilities for the people for their mental and physical improvement. Article 54 requires the state to protect and develop the national language. Article 55 requires the state to prepare the people for work and national defense through sports. Article 56 provides the people with access to free healthcare to protect their health, while Article 57 provides them with access to hygienic living and working conditions through environmental protection efforts by the state. Chapter 4 – National Defense Chapter 4 of the Socialist Constitution consists of four articles that outline the national defense structure of North Korea. Article 58 states that North