time spent foraging, drinking water, and hiding from prey. Increased calling time increases the risk of dehydration and starvation. To mitigate these costs, this species utilizes chemosignals to attract females and repel males from their territory. The anatomy of this species includes pronounced dorsal, axillary, and femoral glands that have been shown to produce a pungent mucus that activates during the breeding season. The chemosignals expunged by the members of this species serve as both a mate attractant and as a repellent to other males. Female P. bibronii have been proven to be attracted to male odors and males have been proven to avoid other male odors. Interestingly, females are also attracted to other female odors which could allow them to locate nest sites that have been previously visited by other females. Male P. bibronii increase calling behavior in the presence of female odors. Chemosignals are an important way that this species deduces the sex of other members of the species in cryptic conditions with low visual and auditory information. The combination of both acoustic and chemical communication can also be seen in two other frogs, the Australian magnificent treefrog and the dwarf African clawed frog. Similar to P. bibronii, the African clawed frog also mates in dark and murky conditions, indicating that chemical communication evolved to help frogs distinguish potential mates with lower levels of other sensory information. Many members of the anuran family that breed through acoustic signaling also have structurally similar breeding glands that are now vestigial. This suggests that chemical signaling in P. bibronii and other anurans evolved prior to acoustic signaling. Egg development and regulation The eggs of P. bibronii are heavily regulated by the water content and partial pressure of oxygen in the atmosphere. After being fertilized, the eggs respond to changes in the environment to modulate growth. The terrestrial growth period of the eggs lasts about four to five months and after heavy flooding the eggs hatch into tadpoles. If no flooding occurs the eggs can regulate growth for up to three months before they have a lower chance of survival. During this terrestrial period, the frog is subject to many different hydrous and anhydrous conditions that have different effects on growth. P. bibronii develop faster in relatively wet conditions at higher water potentials. P. bibronii eggs have a lower tolerance range compared to other flexible shelled reptiles that are also sensitive to