the uppermost leaves. It is not easily confused with them, however, because it is much smaller in all respects, particularly in the size of its pitchers and inflorescence. More generally, N. bellii appears to fall under B. H. Danser's classical Insignes group, which also includes N. burkei, N. insignis, N. merrilliana, and N. ventricosa, among others, with N. sibuyanensis, N. barcelonae and N. aenigma being recent additions. Nepenthes bellii was also compared to N. micramphora in the formal description of the latter, in which the authors noted that the stem, laminae and inflorescence of N. micramphora match those of N. bellii "almost exactly". Indeed, prior to the description of N. micramphora in 2009, the species was misidentified as N. bellii on its native Mount Hamiguitan. Nepenthes micramphora can be clearly distinguished by its distinct pitchers and even smaller vegetative features. In their 2001 monograph, Martin Cheek and Matthew Jebb also noted a "remarkable resemblance" between the lower pitchers of N. tomoriana and those of N. bellii. Natural hybrids Two putative natural hybrids involving N. bellii have been recorded: with N. merrilliana and N. mindanaoensis. It is commonly sympatric with these species. References Bauer, U., C.J. Clemente, T. Renner & W. Federle 2012. Form follows function: morphological diversification and alternative trapping strategies in carnivorous Nepenthes pitcher plants. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 25(1): 90–102. Co, L. & W. Suarez 2012. Nepenthaceae. Co's Digital Flora of the Philippines. McPherson, S.R. & V.B. Amoroso 2011. Field Guide to the Pitcher Plants of the Philippines. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole. Meimberg, H., A. Wistuba, P. Dittrich & G. Heubl 2001. Molecular phylogeny of Nepenthaceae based on cladistic analysis of plastid trnK intron sequence data. Plant Biology 3(2): 164–175. Meimberg, H. 2002. Molekular-systematische Untersuchungen an den Familien Nepenthaceae und Ancistrocladaceae sowie verwandter Taxa aus der Unterklasse Caryophyllidae s. l.. Ph.D. thesis, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich. Meimberg, H. & G. Heubl 2006. Introduction of a nuclear marker for phylogenetic analysis of Nepenthaceae. Plant Biology 8(6): 831–840. External links Photographs of N. bellii at the Carnivorous Plant Photofinder Videos of N. bellii at Redfern Natural History Productions bellii Endemic flora of the Philippines Flora of Mindanao Carnivorous plants of Asia Plants described in 1969