finding the appropriate structure and model is the key issue is text mining. XPath is the standard mechanism used to refer to nodes and data items within XML. It has similarities to standard techniques for navigating directory hierarchies used in operating systems user interfaces. To data and structure mine XML data of any form, at least two extensions are required to conventional data mining. These are the ability to associate an XPath statement with any data pattern and sub statements with each data node in the data pattern, and the ability to mine the presence and count of any node or set of nodes within the document. As an example, if one were to represent a family tree in XML, using these extensions one could create a data set containing all the individuals node in the tree, data items such as name and age at death, and counts of related nodes, such as number of children. More sophisticated searches could extract data such as grandparents' lifespans etc. The addition of these data types related to the structure of a document or message facilitates structure mining. See also Graph kernel Structured content Inductive programming References [http://www.scientio.com/documents/XmlMiner/structureminingpaper Andrew N Edmonds, On data mining tree structured data in XML', Data mining UK conference, University of Nottingham, Aug 2003] Gusfield, D., Algorithms on Strings, Trees, and Sequences: Computer Science and Computational Biology, Cambridge University Press, 1997. R.O. Duda, P.E. Hart, D.G. Stork, Pattern Classification'', John Wiley & Sons, 2001. F. Hadzic, H. Tan, T.S. Dillon, Mining of Data with Complex Structures, Springer, 2010. External links The 5th International Workshop on Mining and Learning with Graphs, Firenze, Aug 1-3, 2007 Data mining