and political rights, as well as other human rights. Forms The form has always been an important concern for political filmmakers. While some, like pioneering Lionel Rogosin, argued that radical films, in order to liberate the imagination of the spectator, have to break not only with the content but also with the form of Dominant cinema, the falsely reassuring clichés and stereotypes of conventional narrative film making, other directors such as Francesco Rosi, Costa Gavras, Ken Loach, Oliver Stone, Spike Lee or Lina Wertmüller preferred to work within mainstream cinema to reach a wider audience. The subversive tradition dates back at least to the French avant-garde of the 1920s. Even in his more conventional films Luis Buñuel stuck to the spirit of outright revolt of L'Âge d'or. The bourgeoisie had to be expropriated and all its values destroyed, the surrealists believed. This spirit of revolt is also present in all films of Jean Vigo. Selected filmography The following is a listing of notable political films or political films made by notable directors: See also Political films category Cultural industry African cinema Documentary film List of racism-related films List of films dealing with Anarchism Social criticism Women's cinema References Bibliography Baldwin, James. [1976] 2000. The Devil Finds Work. New York: Delta Trade Paperbacks (Dell Publishing). . Barnouw, Erik. 1993. Documentary: A History of the Non-Fiction Film (2nd ed.). New York: Oxford UP. . (A useful introduction.) Barsam, Richard M. 2003. Looking at Movies: An Introduction to Film. New York: W. W. Norton & Company. . (Book and CD-ROM eds.) Daressa, Larry. 2008 May 10. "The Political Film and Its Audience in the Digital Age: Newsreel at Forty And Zero." California Newsreel. Rosenbaum, Jonathan. 1997. Movies as Politics. University of California Press. . Unterburger, Amy L., ed. 1999. The St. James Women Filmmakers Encyclopedia: Women on the Other Side of the Camera. Detroit: Visible Ink Press. . Vogel, Amos. 2006. Film as a Subversive Art. London: CT Editions. . Zaniello, Tom. 2003. Working Stiffs, Union Maids, Reds, and Riffraff: An Expanded Guide to Films about Labor. Cornell University Press. External links Documentary Is Never Neutral Cinema Politica Cinema