Bench In the first phase, the 'Petty Bench' () composed of four Supreme Court Justices reviews how appeal should be handled. If the four Justices in the same Petty Bench makes decision unanimously, the case is decided in the Petty Bench. However, when the Petty Bench cannot make unanimous decision by itself, or when the Petty Bench decides such case should be handled in en banc (for example, if it is necessary to change precedent of the Supreme Court, or if constitutional review at sub-statutory level is important issue of the case, etc.), the Grand Bench takes the case. Since there is three petty benches in the Court, only twelve out of fourteen Supreme Court Justices are participating in the first phase of the procedure. Other two Supreme Court Justices who are not belonged to any Petty Bench, are the Chief Justice and the Minister of National Court Administration, both having administrative role inside the Court. In the second phase, the 'Grand Bench' () composed of more than two-thirds of all Supreme Court Justices reviews the case came up from the Petty Bench. It makes decision by simple majority. However, if there's no majority opinion in the Bench, opinion of the Court is decided according to article 66 of the Act. Presiding Justice and Justice in charge In South Korea, among panel of Judges or Justices, there should be 'presiding member ()' and 'member in charge ()'. The presiding member is official representative of the panel. The member in charge is who oversees hearing and trial and writes draft judgment for each specific case. This role of 'member in charge' is mostly similar to Judge-Rapporteur in European Court of Justice. Usually the member in charge is automatically (or randomly) selected by computer to negate suspicion of partiality. However, the presiding member is bureaucratically selected by seniority. Due to this virtual difference in role, 'presiding Judge' in South Korean courts usually refer to which means such Judge is bureaucratically regarded as 'head of the panel', not who really takes role of presiding member in each of specific cases. Case naming Current cases in the Supreme Court are named as following rule. First two or four digit Arabic numbers indicate the year when the case is filed. And the following case code composed of Alphabets matches with specific jurisdiction (for example, 'Da' is for private law cases, while 'Du' is for criminal