medical courses are kept "unreserved, open and free" from any domicile status after the court had allowed petitions files by some MBBS doctors. The above table is valid as of January 31, 2023. Creamy layer The term creamy layer was first coined in 1974 in the State of Kerala vs N. M. Thomas case when a judge said that the "benefits of the reservation shall be snatched away by the top creamy layer of the backward class, thus leaving the weakest among the weak and leaving the fortunate layers to consume the whole cake". The 1992 Indra Sawhney & Others v. Union of India judgement laid down the limits of the state's powers: it upheld the ceiling of 50.21 percent quotas, emphasised the concept of "social backwardness", and prescribed 11 indicators to ascertain backwardness. The judgement also established the concept of qualitative exclusion, such as "creamy layer". The creamy layer applies only to OBCs. The creamy layer criteria were introduced at Rs 1 lakh in 1993 and revised to Rs 2.5 lakh in 2004, ₹4.5 lakh in 2008 and ₹6 lakh in 2013, but now the ceiling has been raised to ₹8 lakh (in September 2017). In October 2015, the National Commission for Backward Classes (NCBC) proposed that a person belonging to OBC with an annual family income of up to ₹15 lakh should be considered as minimum ceiling for OBC. The NCBC also recommended sub-division of OBCs into "backward", "more backward" and "extremely backward" groups and to divide the 27 per cent quota amongst them in proportion to their population, to ensure that stronger OBCs do not corner the quota benefits. Reservation in states Andhra Pradesh Andhra Pradesh state percentage of reservation is around 50%. Including the overall 1/3 reservation for women, 66.66% of seats are reserved in Andhra Pradesh in Education and Government jobs. Scheduled Castes – 15% Scheduled Tribes – 6% Backward Classes (A, B, C, D) – 27% Physically Handicapped (Blind, Deaf & Dumb and OPH) – 3% (1% each) Ex-servicemen (APMS only) – 1% (0.5% in general category) Women – 33.33% (in all categories, means 16.66% in general category) Andhra Pradesh BC quota has sub-quotas for castes, classified in A, B, C and D. Addition of disabled, ex-serviceman, women in general category 16.66% makes total reservation percentage 66.66%. Arunachal Pradesh Arunachal Pradesh has 80% reservation for Scheduled Tribes. Assam Scheduled Castes – 7% Scheduled Tribes