of stave spans, paper-types, and even ink color in between the two manuscripts. Wolf also found differences in paper types between the first and third movements of the sonata and the second Adagio movement, which implies that the second movement was written down at a separate time from the rest of the sonata. He theorizes that the second movement was composed the earliest as an instructional piece for Theresia von Trattner. Since the second movement is in rondo form and slower than the others, it could exist independently from the sonata more easily than the other movements. Relation to Beethoven's "Pathétique" Köchel said of this sonata, "Without question this is the most important of all Mozart's pianoforte sonatas. Surpassing all the others by reason of the fire and passion which, to its last note, breathe through it, it foreshadows the pianoforte sonata, as it was destined to become in the hands of Beethoven." John Gillespie, Professor of Music at the University of California, describes the Piano Sonata No. 14 as a uniquely "somber and passionate" work of Mozart's, and states that "no other music composed before Beethoven contains so many Beethovenian elements," namely the "contrast of themes and the sense of ceaseless struggle." Mozart's sonata feels in several ways prophetic of Beethoven's C minor sonata Piano Sonata No. 8 in C minor, "Pathétique" (which it predates by roughly fifteen years), and both works share a similar overall structure. One of Mozart's themes in his spacious second movement is very similar to the theme of Beethoven's sonata's second movement. Notes References Further reading Irving, John. Mozart's Piano Sonatas : Contexts, Sources, Style. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997. Tobin, J. Raymond. Mozart and the Sonata Form. New York: Da Capo Press, 1971. 107–112. Therese, Mozart's beloved by Zeynep Üçbaşaran, 2005 External links (Alte Mozart-Ausgabe version) iano Sonata No. 14 in C minor, K 457 (1784) Performance of Fantasy and Sonata by Paavali Jumppanen from the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum in MP3 format Improvising Mozart, lecture by Robert Levin, 29 October 2012, on improvising Mozart, specifically for K. 457 , Artur Balsam, 1960 Piano Sonata 14 Compositions in C minor 1784 compositions Music with dedications