opposition, and flak almost exclusively based on small-calibre arms, air power was a decisive factor in Italy's final victory, culminating in the capture of Addis Ababa in early 1936. Even so, COIN (COunter INsurgency) operations continued until the start of World War II. Spanish Civil War (1936–1939) While in Ethiopia they were widely used, in Spain the Ca.133 was found to be too slow, and highly vulnerable to enemy Polikarpov I-15 and I-16 aircraft, also to heavy anti-aircraft fire. World War II (1939–1945) In mainland Italy, the Ca.133 was used mostly as a light transport aircraft supporting fighter and bomber squadrons by carrying supplies, personnel and spare parts. The Regia Aeronautica soon realized that despite its improvements, the type was suitable for combat in North and East Africa. At the outbreak of war the Ca.133 equipped 14 Squadriglie da Bombardamento in these theatres. In East Africa, it was still used as bomber and attack aircraft. Occasionally it even managed to shoot down enemy aircraft. On 12 June 1940, in the south region, three Ca.133s of 66ª Squadriglia from Yavello attacked an Allied column of half a dozen trucks and 200 men. Ca.133s of 65ª Squadriglia, from Neghelli, attacked the Allied positions around Moyale on two occasions, each time with three aircraft. That night, ten Caproni Ca.133s bombed the port of Aden and Khormaksar airfield, already attacked during daylight hours by seven SM.81s of 29° Gruppo. Three other Capronis attacked Cassala airfield in the Sudan. On 23 January 1941, a Ca.133 shot down an Avro Anson flown by Lt E.A. Gebhardt of 60 SAAF Squadron, that crashed before anyone could bale out. It was also used as an air ambulance with the Ca.133S (Sanitary) variant. Over 250 Ca.133s were in service in September 1939, when the war broke out. Some survived until the Armistice in 1943. Postwar A handful were retained for civilian service with the airline Ala Littoria. Some were exported to Austria. The last Ca.133 was phased out by the Aeronautica Militare in 1947, and the last Ca.148 flew until 1956 with the Italian Aeroclub. Variants Ca.133 Bomber and transport; 76 aircraft produced Ca.133S Medical transport, 30 aircraft produced Ca.133T Troop transport, 283 aircraft produced Ca.148 Stretched eight-seat civil/military transport, 54 aircraft produced Operators Military operators Kommando Luftstreitkräfte received five aircraft. Fliegerregiment 1 Fliegerregiment 2 (Wartime) Regia Aeronautica Italian Co-Belligerent Air Force Aeronautica Nazionale Repubblicana Spanish Air Force (Wartime)