service of the caliph and the principal officers of state, and whose ambition and spirit of intrigue and independence [eventually made] them the real masters of Islam". See also List of rulers of Egypt References Sources Further reading 835 births 884 deaths 9th-century Tulunid emirs 9th-century Turkic people Tulunid emirs People from Baghdad Turkic rulers Abbasid people of the Arab–Byzantine wars City founders Egyptian slaves Slaves from the Abbasid Caliphate