“undemocratic.” The A.O.H. and the Orangemen carried out a rivalry throughout their existence at the college. The A.O.H. was a parody of the Irish Roman Catholic fraternal order by the same name, the Ancient Order of Hibernians, which dates back to 1500s Ireland. The Orangemen also was a parody of the Loyal Orange Association, a Protestant Irish organization, which dates back to 1795 Ireland. The A.O.H. of Smith College did write to the A.O.H. for “recognition,” but were turned down. The A.O.H’s color was green and the Orangemen’s was orange. The Orangemen wore cloaks with orange hoods and also had orange hats in which they paraded around campus. The A.O.H. also had activities including giving out special names to new members. According to Smith College Special Collections, both organizations limited membership to 12 people from each class year. The A.O.H. held initiations for new members in the fall of their first year of college. The Orangemen also held initiations. Secret societies were outlawed at Smith College in 1948 making the groups stop “all official activities.” But, Smith College Special Collections says, “records indicate that both organizations continued unofficially until the mid-1960s” with available documentation ceasing during the 1965-1966 academic year. University of California, Berkeley The University of California, Berkeley is home to a small handful of secret societies. Skull & Keys, founded in 1892 by Frank Norris, is the earliest secret society at Berkeley and is composed of a select few members from certain fraternity chapters on campus. The second oldest is the Sigma Phi Society of the Thorsen House (popularly shortened to Thorsen), founded in 1912, which acts independent of all of Berkeley's fraternal traditions and regulations and has resided in the famous Thorsen House since 1942. The campus is also home to the Order of the Golden Bear, established in 1900, which discourages the term "secret society" despite operating with a secret membership. The order is composed of undergraduate and graduate students, alumni, faculty, and administrators with a commitment to the betterment of the university. Its significance and recognition are considerably smaller now than in its earliest years. University of Chicago The University of Chicago has never had a substantial number of active secret societies; indeed, shortly after the university's founding, the faculty of the university released a resolution suggesting that the exclusionary structure of many such societies made them antithetical to the democratic spirit of the university.