confirmed by the Senate, Bay resigned as U.S. Attorney on October 15, 2001. Academia In the spring of 2002, Bay began teaching at the University of New Mexico School of Law. He became a tenured professor of law, and his subjects included constitutional law, criminal law, and evidence. His scholarship interests included national security law and criminal procedure, and he wrote in both of those areas. Federal Energy Regulatory Commission In 2009, Bay became the Director of Enforcement at the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission in Washington, D.C. According to Reuters in 2012, "FERC’s Office of Enforcement, run by Norman Bay, has stepped up its game lately, taking the lead among regulators in cracking down on trades that cross both physical and financial markets." In 2013, an energy trade journal named Bay as one of the top ten most influential people in energy. Harvard Professor William Hogan expressed concern about FERC's Office of Enforcement's practices. Hogan said the Office's practices were "alarming" and could "unravel" the power markets. In its case against FERC, Deutsche Bank stated that FERC's views were "radical," though it later settled the case for nearly $1.7 million, including over $170,000 in "unjust profits" without admitting or denying wrongdoing. J.P. Morgan paid $410 million to settle the FERC investigation without admitting wrongdoing. J.P. Morgan stated "We strongly dispute that Blythe Masters or any employee lied or acted inappropriately in this matter." On January 30, 2014, Bay was nominated by President Barack Obama as Commissioner of the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, and upon appointment to be made Chairman of the commission. On May 20, 2014, Bay appeared before the Senate Energy and Natural Resources Committee for his confirmation hearing. Bay was introduced by former Republican Senate Energy and Natural Resources Chairman Pete Domenici (R-NM) and Senate Energy Committee member Martin Heinrich (D-NM). The former Energy Chairman testified, "The job that he is seeking demands somebody just like him," Domenici said. "And obviously I would urge that this Committee support him. "I'm not a great fan of the President of the United States and people know that, but I think this is a great appointment. So I am on his side on this. I don't see how you can miss." On June 18, 2014, the Committee approved Bay to lead FERC and he was voted out of committee 13–9. He was subsequently confirmed by the Senate 52–45 on July 15,