Foil and sabre bouts are to five touches or ten minutes. Épée bouts are to one touch or five minutes or, to two or three touches or ten minutes. Women allowed to compete at foil (bouts are to four points or eight minutes), but touches below the waist (delineated by a dark-colored sash) are off-target. Warnings are given when there are two minutes remaining, and again when there is one minute left. In foil and sabre, tie scores are decided via sudden death, while in épée ties result in a loss for both fencers. The scores of bouts that go to time are advanced an equal amount until one fencer has five points (e.g. an actual score of 3-1 is recorded as 5–3; 1-0 is recorded as 5–4). At épée and sabre, the fencer is allowed to retreat twice as far as in foil, effectively doubling the length of the strip. Touches which arrive off-target (at sabre and foil) as a result of a parry do not stop the phrase. Reversal of positions of the fencers is permitted at standard épée, but not electrical épée. Electrical épée rules included. Rules for three-weapon team and individual competition included. Rules for indoor (foil, épée, and sabre) and outdoor (épée and sabre only) competitions included. Fencers are classified as Prep, Novice, Junior, Intermediate, or Senior based upon past competitive performance. Changes in classification occur after each competition. 1957 edition 151 pages in length. Electrical foil rules included for the first time. Target area for electrical foil excludes the bib of the fencing mask. Épée bouts are to one touch or five minutes or, to two to five touches or ten minutes. Alternate rules for 8-point bouts (women's foil) and 10-point bouts (men at all weapons), with a requirement of a two-point advantage are included (15-minute time limit). Touches which arrive off-target (at sabre and foil) as a result of a parry stop the phrase. Three-weapon bouts are limited to five minutes per weapon. At foil, sabre, and multi-touch épée, tie scores are decided via sudden death, while at one-touch épée ties result in a loss for both fencers. At foil, fencers are given a warning when they get within one meter of the rear limit of the strip. At sabre and épée, fencers are given a warning when they get within two meters of the rear limit of the strip. Reversal of positions