This is a list of Dutch painters who were born and/or were primarily active in the Netherlands. For artists born and active in the Southern Netherlands, see the List of Flemish painters. The artists are sorted by century and then alphabetically by last name. In general, artists are included that are mentioned at the ArtCyclopedia website, in the Grove Dictionary of Art, and/or whose paintings regularly sell for over $20,000 at auctions. Active painters are therefore underrepresented, while more than half of the artists are baroque painters of the 17th century, roughly corresponding to the Dutch Golden Age. The names of older artists often have many different spellings; the preferred spelling is used as listed in the Netherlands Institute for Art History database, but several painters are listed twice when their common alternative names are alphabetically far apart. 14th and 15th century Bosch, Hieronymus ('s-Hertogenbosch 1450 – 's-Hertogenbosch 1516) Bouts, Dieric (Haarlem 1415 – Leuven 1475) Christus, Petrus (Baarle 1415/1435 – Bruges 1476) David, Gerard (Oudewater 1460 – Bruges 1523) Engelbrechtsz, Cornelis (Gouda c. 1462 – Leiden 1527) Geertgen tot Sint Jans (Leiden? c. 1460 – Haarlem c.1495) Joest van Calcar, Jan (Kalkar c. 1450 – Haarlem 1519) Limbourg brothers (Nijmegen 1380/1390 – Dijon? 1416) Maelwael, Jan (Nijmegen c. 1365 – Dijon 1415) Master of Alkmaar (active 1475–1515 in Alkmaar) Master of Bellaert (active 1483–86 in Haarlem) Master of Delft (fl. 1490–1520 in Delft) Master of the Amsterdam Death of the Virgin (fl. 1485 – 1510 in Amsterdam or Utrecht) Master of the Brunswick Diptych (fl. 1485 – 1510 in Haarlem?) Master of the Figdor Deposition (fl. 1480 – 1500 in Haarlem) Master of the Saint Bartholomew Altarpiece (Nijmegen? c. 1450 – Cologne 1510) Master of the Tiburtine Sibyl (fl. 1470 – 1505 in Haarlem) Master of the Virgo inter Virgines (active 1470 – 1505 in Delft) Master of Zweder van Culemborg (fl. 1420 – 1440 in Culemborg) Mynnesten, Johan van den (Schüttorf 1425 – Zwolle 1504) Ouwater, Albert van (Oudewater c. 1410 – Haarlem? >1475) Reuwich, Erhard (Utrecht c. 1455 – Mainz c. 1490) Vrelant, Willem (Vreeland? <1430 – Bruges c. 1481) 16th century A-L Aertsen, Pieter (Amsterdam 1508 – Amsterdam 1575) Aertsz, Rijckaert (Wijk aan Zee 1482 – Antwerp 1577) Amstel, Jan van (Amsterdam c. 1500 – Antwerp c. 1542) Barendsz, Dirck (Amsterdam 1534 – Amsterdam 1592) Beer, Joos de (Utrecht 1515/35 – Utrecht 1593) Blocklandt van Montfoort,