the request for the judicial review as Adjudication on the constitutionality of statutes is made by each of ordinary court, and any hierarchically superior court including the Supreme Court cannot intervene in whether such request is necessary or not by article 41(5) of the Act. This regulation was adopted to facilitate judicial review in South Korea, since the Supreme Court had history of passiveness in confronting other branches of government during age of authoritarian governments. Yet legislature of South Korea after democratization was a lot more concerned about whether the lower ordinary courts will really try to make such request, because much of the Judges in lower ordinary courts were tied to bureaucratic promotion system by the Supreme Court. This worry led legislature to build another detour to facilitate judicial review. The detour is embodied in as 'Constitutional complaint' () by article 68(2) of the Act. By this article 68(2), when the ordinary court refuses to make request of judicial review to the Constitutional Court, any interested parties in on-going case in such ordinary court who were refused by that court to make request of judicial review, can directly make constitutional complaint to the Constitutional Court whether their basic rights are infringed by unconstitutional statute applied in on-going case at ordinary court. Thus, in summary, judicial review of statutes are carried out as two subtly different procedure of 'Adjudication on the constitutionality of statutes' and 'Adjudication on constitutional complaint under 68(2) of the Act'. Type of Upheld Decisions in both 'Adjudication on the constitutionality of statutes' and 'Adjudication on constitutional complaint under 68(2) of the Act' Unconstitutional () : Decision upholding request. It nullifies adjudicated statute by 47(2) of the Act from the day of decision. Yet when the statute decided as unconstitutional is about criminal punishment, it is retroactively nullified, unless there is any precedent of the Court deciding such statute as constitutional. If there's such precedent, the statute is retroactively nullified from the following day of the day when latest precedent is made. Constitutional () : Decision dismissing request. Nonconformity () : Temporally constitutional until certain period of time set by the Court. This type of decision is derived type of 'Unconstitutional' to give the National Assembly (which is legislature) enough time to amend law. After the time set by the Court, the adjudicated statute is automatically nullified. Conditionally Unconstitutional (), Conditionally Constitutional () : A declaration that