cantonments, however they were suppressed by the 8th Foot who in turn were strengthened by troops provided by Randhir Singh of Kapurthala, John Nicholson’s moveable column and the Tiwana horse under Sher Muhammad Khan. In 1858, Jalandhar became part of the British Raj and in 1863 became administratively part of Punjab province. The first case of the plague in the Punjab was reported in the village of Khatkar Kalan in 1897. Partition In early 1947, communal tensions heightened in Jalandhar and across the Punjab. In March riots occurred in the district following speeches made by Congress and Sikh leaders at Lahore. In June 1947, the Indian Independence Act 1947 stipulated the partition of the Punjab, and on 17 August the Radcliffe Line was announced, placing Jalandhar in the new Dominion of India. As Jalandhar had a Muslim majority at the time it led to significant demographic change in the district, with the Muslim population becoming refugees in Pakistan, and an influx of Hindus and Sikhs arriving having abandoned their homes in the new Pakistan. Administration The district is divided into five tehsils: Jalandhar-I, Jalandhar-II, Nakodar, Phillaur, and Shahkot In addition there are a further five sub-tehsils: Adampur, Bhogpur, Goraya, Kartarpur, and Nurmahal Constituencies Jalandhar Lok Sabha constituency is one of the 13 Lok Sabha constituencies in Punjab. There are also nine Punjab Vidhan Sabha constituencies located in the district: Adampur, Jalandhar Cantt, Jalandhar Central, Jalandhar North, Jalandhar West, Kartarpur, Nakodar, Phillaur, and Shahkot MLA Demographics According to the 2011 census Jalandhar district has a population of 4,193,590, roughly equal to the nation of Latvia or the US state of New Mexico. This gives it a ranking of 208th in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of . Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 11.16%. Jalandhar has a sex ratio of 913 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 91.4%. Scheduled Castes made up 38.95% of the population. Religion Hinduism is the majority religion. In rural areas, Sikhs and Hindus are roughly equal proportions, but in urban areas, Hindus are predominant. Language At the time of the 2011 census, 88.15% of the population spoke Punjabi and 9.83% Hindi as their first language. Hindi is predominantly spoken in urban areas. References https://jalandhar.nic.in/list-of-deputy-commissioner/ External links Districts of Punjab, India