as their first language. Hindi is the official language in Jharkhand and Urdu has been declared as an additional official language. According to the District Census Handbook, Khunti, 2011 census, ‘Other Religions’ formed 45.37% of the population, followed by Hindus (26.11%), Christians (25.65%), Muslims (2.47%), and those with negligible percentages of the population - Buddhists, Jains, Sikhs and religion not stated. Scheduled Tribes numbered 389,626 and formed 73.25% of the total population of Khunti district in 2011. Within the scheduled tribes the more populous tribes were (percentage of ST population in 2011 in brackets): Munda, Patars (83.66%), Oraon, Dhangars (8.52%), Lohras (3.85%), Chik Baraik (0.65%) and Mahli (0.46). Other smaller tribal groups were Bhumij, Banjara, Chero, Khond and Kol. "The place has been in recorded annals of history for its long drawn struggle against the British under the aegis of Birsa Munda, the revolutionary hero of Jharkhand." Rural poverty 60-70% of the population of Ranchi district, of which the present Khunti district was then a part, were in the BPL category in 2004–2005. In 2011-12, the proportion of BPL population in Khunti district came down to 35.45%. According to a study in 2013 (modified in 2019), "the incidence of poverty in Jharkhand is estimated at 46%, but 60% of the scheduled castes and scheduled tribes are still below poverty line." Economy Livelihood In Karra CD block in 2011, amongst the class of total workers, cultivators numbered 37,071 and formed 70.55%, agricultural labourers numbered 9,968 and formed 18.97%, household industry workers numbered 1,239 and formed 2.36% and other workers numbered 4,267 and formed 8.12%. Total workers numbered 56,545 and formed 48.17% of the total population, and non-workers numbered 56,537 and formed 51.83% of the population. Infrastructure There are 178 inhabited villages in Karra CD block. In 2011, 68 villages had power supply. 11 villages had tap water (treated/ untreated), 173 villages had well water (covered/ uncovered), 172 villages had hand pumps, and all villages have drinking water facility. 25 villages had post offices, 11 villages had sub post offices, 7 villages had telephones (land lines), 88 villages had mobile phone coverage. 178 villages had pucca (paved) village roads, 32 villages had bus service (public/ private), 29 villages had autos/ modified autos, 13 villages had taxi/vans, 35 villages had tractors. 14 villages had bank branches, 10 villages had agricultural credit societies, 3 villages had public library and reading rooms, 104 villages had