condition itself but also correlated to diseases such as heart attack or stroke. Additionally, some socioeconomic factors may be considered as a chronic condition as they lead to disability in daily life. An important one that public health officials in the social science setting have begun highlighting is chronic poverty. Researchers, particularly those studying the United States, utilize the Chronic Condition Indicator (CCI) which maps ICD codes as "chronic" or non-chronic". The list below includes these chronic conditions and diseases: In 2015 the World Health Organization produced a report on non-communicable diseases, citing the four major types as: Cancers Cardiovascular diseases, including cerebrovascular disease, heart failure, and ischemic cardiopathy Chronic respiratory diseases, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Diabetes mellitus (type 1, type 2, pre-diabetes, gestational diabetes) Other examples of chronic diseases and health conditions include: Alzheimer's disease Atrial fibrillation Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder Autoimmune diseases, such as ulcerative colitis, lupus erythematosus, Crohn's disease, coeliac disease, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, and relapsing polychondritis Blindness Cerebral palsy (all types) Chronic graft-versus-host disease Chronic hepatitis Chronic kidney disease Chronic osteoarticular diseases, such as osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis Chronic pain syndromes, such as post-vasectomy pain syndrome and complex regional pain syndrome Dermatological conditions such as atopic dermatitis and psoriasis Deafness and hearing impairment Ehlers–Danlos syndrome (various types) Endometriosis Epilepsy Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder Fibromyalgia HIV/AIDS Hereditary spherocytosis Huntington's disease Hypertension Lyme Disease Mental illness Migraines Multiple sclerosis Myalgic encephalomyelitis ( chronic fatigue syndrome) Narcolepsy Obesity Osteoporosis Parkinson's disease Periodontal disease Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome Sickle cell anemia and other hemoglobin disorders Substance Abuse Disorders Sleep apnea Tick-borne illness Thyroid disease Tuberculosis And many more. Risk factors While risk factors vary with age and gender, most of the common chronic diseases in the US are caused by dietary, lifestyle and metabolic risk factors that are also responsible for the resulting mortality. Therefore, these conditions might be prevented by behavioral changes, such as quitting smoking, adopting a healthy diet, and increasing physical activity. Social determinants are important risk factors for chronic diseases. Social factors, e.g., socioeconomic status, education level, and race/ethnicity, are a major cause for the disparities observed in the care of chronic disease. Lack of access and delay in receiving care result in worse outcomes for patients from minorities and underserved populations. Those barriers to medical care complicate patients monitoring and continuity in treatment. In the US, Minorities and