illegitimates, Nethinim (the alleged descendants of the Gibeonites), proselytes, and then freed slaves. However, the Mishna then states that the list of prioritization is overridden by one's level of scholarship or piety: "This is only when all other things are equal, but in the case of an ignorant priest and a scholar who is an illegitimate mamzer, the latter must precede the priest in all honors" (Hor. 13a). Talmud Tractate Horayot in the Babylonian Talmud consists of only fourteen pages. It is the shortest tractate of gemara in the Babylonian Talmud. In many editions it is printed together with tractate Avodah Zarah. The gemara is mainly devoted to the interpretation of the laws of the Mishnah dealing with sacrifices for unintentional sin, with a few aggadic digressions in the third chapter. The commentary attributed to Rashi is more profuse here than in other parts of the Talmud. There is reason to believe that this commentary attributed to Rashi on Horayot was actually composed by the school of Rabbeinu Gershom. The Tosafot published in the Vilna Edition Shas extend only to the first two chapters, the style and method, mainly of an interpretive nature, being very different from those of the tosafot to other books. In the Vilna edition, besides the commentary of Rabbeinu Hananel, there is a commentary called Tosafot HaRosh, attributed to Asher ben Jehiel. The earliest printed editions of the Babylonian Talmud from Venice forward included the writings of the Jerusalem Talmud on tractate Horayot at the end of the printing. This was done because the printers were not able to find extensive writings of the Tosafot on Horayot. Revisions or minor edits on the text of Horayot were done in each printed edition. Chapter 1 of Babylonian Talmud Horayot The first Mishnah discussed the authority of the sages and the responsibility to act autonomously and not follow a misguided ruling. A sage who is expert in halakha and knows that the court was mistaken in its ruling, should not follow a misguided ruling of the court and perform a forbidden action. This applies to an individual who has great understanding of halakha. However, an individual who is not an expert and does not know that the court's ruling was indeed misguided would be exempt from punishment, were he to transgress a commandment through following the court's incorrect ruling. From this first Mishnah and talmudic discussion that follows