to identify a substitute. In applying these principles to the facts of the case, Binnie found that Electro Sante's invention did not infringe upon Free World's patent. The essential elements of these inventions are not the results they produce but the way of producing them. The patent holder cannot monopolize all means of producing a particular result. The use of a microcontroller was significantly different that it constituted a different invention. See also Law Case law List of Supreme Court of Canada cases (McLachlin Court) Patent General Magnetic fields Electromagnetic radiation Electromagnetic induction Eddy current Electromagnetic Electromagnetic Therapy Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) Electroconvulsive Electroconvulsive therapy Deep brain stimulation The device Rhumart Notes External links Trial Patents Canadian Patent 1113156 Canadian Patent 1150361 Canadian patent case law Supreme Court of Canada cases Electromagnetism Bioelectromagnetic-based therapies 2000 in Canadian case law