fall under either securities law or company law. As that could then fall under either federal or provincial jurisdiction, he noted: Dickson examined the Securities Act using the Lederman approach of judicial review, which states: He found that the Act was valid under the provincial authority over matters of property and civil rights under section 92(13) of the Constitution Act, 1867. He then considered the federal Act, which he found to be valid under the federal powers relating to trade and commerce as well as peace, order and good government. Dickson then considered whether there was a conflict between the two Acts. He found that there was no conflict. The laws duplicated each other and had the same legislative objective. There is no problem with laws operating concurrently, Dickson argued. Mere duplication without actual conflict or contradiction is not sufficient to invoke the doctrine of paramountcy and render otherwise valid provincial legislation inoperative. Instead, there must be an actual conflict between the laws where compliance with one law will necessarily violate the other. However, any claimant seeking action under the Securities Act will be able to successfully use only one. See also List of Supreme Court of Canada cases (Laskin Court) References Canadian federalism case law Supreme Court of Canada cases 1982 in Canadian case law