by anyone.” Between 1923 and 1925, the picture poem was a popular form among the Devětsil artists. Typography and optical poetry was the new lexical standard. Teige explained this transformation of language into visual art as relating to the rise of photography, film and new developments in book printing. For several members of Devětsil, the picture poem replaced painting and eventually both pictures and poems made their way from the page to film. Teige and Seifert began writing film scripts and using the dissolve technique as a way of poetically morphing objects into other objects. Significant members Founders: Karel Teige Jaroslav Seifert Vladislav Vančura Adolf Hoffmeister Most influential members: Karel Teige Vítězslav Nezval Jaroslav Seifert Poets: Konstantin Biebl František Halas Jindřich Hořejší Jiří Wolker Architects: Jaroslav Fragner Jan Gillar Josef Havlíček Karel Honzík Josef Chochol Jaromír Krejcar Evžen Linhart Pavel Smetana Actors: Jiří Voskovec Jan Werich Musicians: Jaroslav Ježek Directors: Jiří Frejka Emil František Burian Jindřich Honzl Writers: Karel Konrád Vladislav Vančura Julius Fučík Painters: Adolf Hoffmeister Otakar Mrkvička František Muzika Jindřich Štyrský Toyen Photographer: Jaroslav Rössler Teoretics: Karel Teige Jiří Frejka Bedřich Václavek See also Left Front Czechoslovak New Wave Devetsil 1920-1931, exhibition catalogue, Prague City Gallery, 2019. References External links Poetism in Book Design from Czech Book Covers of the 1920s and 1930s in the Cooper-Hewitt national Design Museum Library (2004) Steven H. VanDyk Czech artist groups and collectives Czech poetry