the DLPO The nucleus projects to both IC, with no cells projecting bilaterally. Dorsolateral periolivary nucleus (DLPO) Located dorsal and lateral to the LSO Contains both EE (excited by both ears) and E0 (excited by the contralateral ear only) units. Neurons are tonotopically organized, and low frequency. May belong to a single nucleus along with the DPO The nucleus projects to both IC, with few cells projecting bilaterally. Ventrolateral periolivary nucleus (VLPO) Located ventral to and within the ventral hillus of the LSO Contains both EI (excited by contralateral and inhibited by ipsilateral ear) and E0 (excited by the contralateral ear only) units. Neurons are tonotopically organized, and high frequency. Subdivided into the LNTB, PPO and ALPO Anterolateral periolivary nucleus (ALPO) The nucleus projects to both IC, with no cells projecting bilaterally. Large multipolar cells project to the cochlear nucleus, but not the IC, in both cat and guinea pig. Ventromedial periolivary nucleus (VMPO) Located between the MSO and MNTB. Sends projections to the ICC bilaterally. The nucleus projects to both IC, with no cells projecting bilaterally. Rostral periolivary nucleus (RPO) (anterior periolivary nucleus (APO)) Located between the rostral pole of the MSO and the VNLL Sometimes called the Ventral Nucleus of the Trapezoid Body (VNTB) Caudal periolivary nucleus (CPO) (posterior periolivary nucleus (PPO)) Located between the caudal pole of the MSO and the facial nucleus (7N) Posteroventral periolivary nucleus (PVPO) The nucleus projects to both IC, with no cells projecting bilaterally. Pathophysiology An autopsy of a 21-year-old woman with autism, epilepsy and mental retardation found a near-complete absence of the superior olive. See also Inferior olivary nucleus Olivary body References External links Image at med.utah.edu (pick 9b. Pons) Auditory system Brainstem