granted to children born outside the country, but Canadian women could only apply to do the same if their children had been born out of wedlock. Canadian citizenship was generally conferred immediately on the following persons: a person who was born in Canada (or on a Canadian ship) on or before January 1, 1947, and had not become an alien before January 1, 1947; a person other than a natural-born Canadian citizen: who was granted, or whose name was included in, a certificate of naturalization under any act of the Parliament of Canada and had not become an alien at the commencement of the Act, or who was a British subject who had acquired Canadian domicile (i.e. five years' residence in Canada as a landed immigrant) before 1947; a British subject who lived in Canada for 20 years immediately before 1947 and was not, on 1 January 1947, under order of deportation; women who were married to a Canadian before 1947 and who entered Canada as a landed immigrant before 1947; children born outside Canada to a Canadian father (or mother, if born out of wedlock) before 1947. In the latter two cases, a "Canadian" was a British subject who would have been considered a Canadian citizen if the 1947 Act had come into force immediately before the marriage or birth (as the case may be). Where the child born outside Canada was not a minor (i.e. was not under 21 years in age) at the time the Act came into force, proof of landed immigrant status was required to confirm Canadian citizenship. Acquisition and loss of citizenship In addition to those people who became Canadian citizens upon the coming into force of the Act, citizenship afterwards was generally acquired as follows: birth in Canada naturalization in Canada after five years' residence as a landed immigrant grant of citizenship to a foreign woman married to a Canadian man after one year's residence as a landed immigrant grant of citizenship to women who lost British subject status prior to 1947 upon marriage to a foreign man or his subsequent naturalization registration of a child born outside Canada to a Canadian "responsible parent" (being the father, if the child was born in wedlock, or the mother, if the child was born out of wedlock and was residing with the mother, if the father was deceased or if custody of the child had