first cousin, Prince Albert Victor (1864–1892), eldest son of the then Prince of Wales (later King Edward VII); had she accepted, haemophilia could have returned to the direct line of succession in Britain. Grand Duchess Maria (1899–1918), Nicholas and Alexandra's third daughter, was thought by some to have been a symptomatic carrier because she haemorrhaged during a tonsillectomy. DNA testing of the Romanov family remains in 2009 showed that one of the four daughters, thought to be Maria by American researchers and Anastasia by Russian researchers, was a carrier. Tsarevich Alexei (1904–1918) was murdered with his family by the Bolsheviks at the age of 13. Alexei's haemophilia was one of the factors contributing to the collapse of Imperial Russia during the Russian Revolution of 1917. Princess Marie of Hesse and by Rhine (1874–1878), Alice's seventh and last child, may or may not have been a carrier. She died of diphtheria at the age of four. Prince Leopold Leopold (1853–1884), Victoria's eighth child, was the first member of the family to manifest haemophilia; he died at age 30 from bleeding after a minor fall, only two years after marrying Princess Helena of Waldeck and Pyrmont (1861–1922). He passed the gene on to his only daughter, as all of the daughters of a haemophiliac father would inherit the gene: Princess Alice of Albany (1883–1981), later Countess of Athlone, who in turn passed it on to her elder son: Prince Rupert of Teck (1907–1928), who died at age 20, bleeding to death after a car accident. Alice's younger son Prince Maurice of Teck died in infancy, so it is not known if he was a carrier of the gene. Her daughter Lady May Abel Smith (1906–1994), Leopold's granddaughter, has living descendants none of whom has been known to have or to transmit haemophilia. Leopold's posthumous son, Charles Edward (1884–1954), was unaffected, as a father cannot pass the gene to a son. Princess Beatrice Beatrice (1857–1944), Victoria's ninth and last child, and wife of Prince Henry of Battenberg (1858–1896) passed it on to at least two, if not three, of her four children: Princess Victoria Eugenie of Battenberg (1887–1969), later Queen Victoria Eugenia of Spain through her marriage to King Alfonso XIII (1886–1940), who passed it on to: Infante Alfonso, Prince of Asturias (1907–1938). Died at age 31, bleeding to death after a car accident. Infante Gonzalo (1914–1934). Died at age 19, bleeding to