disagreements with Primo de Rivera; he formed a small group, La Patria Libre, which opposed the Falange on ideological grounds, displaying the same favorable attitude to the left-wing trade unions. The outbreak of the Spanish Civil War caught Ledesma in Republican Madrid, far from the forces of Francisco Franco. Imprisoned by the Popular Front government because of suspected espionage throughout the summer and early autumn of 1936, he was executed by the Republican militia. One of the key figures of Francoist propaganda, Ramiro Ledesma was nonetheless viewed with suspicion by the highly influential Roman Catholic Church—which had even threatened to censor his works through the Index Librorum Prohibitorum. Quotes [On himself:] "The red shirt of Garibaldi fits Ramiro Ledesma and his comrades better than the black shirt of Mussolini." Works Discurso a las juventudes de España (Speech to the Youth of Spain) ¿Fascismo en España? (Fascism in Spain?) La Conquista del Estado (The Conquest of the State) Escritos filosóficos, &c. (Philosophical Writings, etc.) See also José Antonio Primo de Rivera Onésimo Redondo References External links Spanish language biography 1905 births 1936 deaths People from the Province of Zamora Executed politicians Falangists Francoist Spain Spanish people of the Spanish Civil War (National faction) Spanish essayists Spanish fascists Spanish novelists Spanish male novelists National syndicalists Acción Española Executed Spanish people People killed by the Second Spanish Republic 20th-century Spanish novelists 20th-century essayists 20th-century Spanish journalists Spanish magazine founders