The Murutic languages are a family of half a dozen closely related Austronesian languages, spoken in the northern inland regions of Borneo by the Murut and Tidung. Languages The Murutic languages are (Lobel 2013): Murut proper Timugon Murut and Tagol Murut Murut dialects Keningau Murut, Beaufort Murut (Binta’), Tabalunan/Serudung Murut, Selungai Murut, Sembakung Murut, Okolod, Bookan, Tanggala Murut, Paluan, Agabag/Tinggalan Murut. Tidung language Burusu, Kalabakan, Nonukan Tidong, Sesayap Tidong Tagol Murut is commonly used and understood by a large majority of the Murut peoples. Lobel (2013:360) also lists the languages Abai Sembuak, Abai Tubu, and Bulusu (all spoken near Malinau town in North Kalimantan) as Murutic languages. On the other hand, Abai Sungai, spoken in eastern Sabah, is a Paitanic language. Lobel (2016) Lobel (2016) covers the following Greater Murutic languages, including Tidong: Tatana Papar Murut Nabaay Gana Murut Timugon Murut Paluan Murut Tagol Kolod Western Tingalan Eastern Tingalan Murut Kalabakan Abai Sembuak Abai Tubu Bulusu Tidung Bengawong Tidung Sumbol Tidung Kalabakan Tidung Mensalong Tidung Malinau Innovations Lobel (2013:367) lists the following Murutic phonological innovations. (Note: PSWSAB stands for Proto-Southwest Sabahan, while PMP stands for Proto-Malayo-Polynesian.) PMP/PSWSAB *R > *h / __ V (except after *ə, where it had already shifted to *g in PSWSAB). Subsequently, Proto-Greater Murutic *h > Ø occurred in all daughter languages except Papar. PMP/PSWSAB *R > *g / __ # PMP/PSWSAB *aw > *ow; *ay > *oy PMP/PSWSAB *iw > *uy PGMUR *g- > Ø after the adjectival prefix *ma- PMP/PSWSAB *ə > *a in non-final syllables, except in the environment *_Cə, where it is reflected as /o/ References Lobel, Jason William. 2013. Philippine and North Bornean languages: issues in description, subgrouping, and reconstruction. Ph.D. dissertation. Manoa: University of Hawai'i at Manoa. Lobel, Jason William. 2016. North Borneo Sourcebook: Vocabularies and Functors. University of Hawaii Press.