branches. Sanitary techniques like sanitizing pruning tools between each cut will prevent further spread of the disease. Chemical When disease pressure is high, chemical controls is advised. First, spray should occur early spring at candle elongation. Repeated sprays should occur every two weeks until needles reach full size. Fungicides containing the following active ingredients have been shown to be efficacious: chlorothalonil, methyl, thiophanate-methyl, mancozeb, and copper hydroxide with mancozeb. Always read and follow the label. References Sources Image gallery Uoguelph.ca UIUC.edu Fungal tree pathogens and diseases