In 2005, the first version of the EPCglobal Architecture Framework was published, which introduced EPCIS as a standard under development and showed how it related to other components of an envisioned architecture for RFID-based tracking of physical objects within supply chains. EPCIS 1.0 was first ratified in April 2007. A companion standard, the EPC Core Business Vocabulary 1.0, was ratified by EPCglobal in October, 2010. Despite the RFID-oriented origins of EPCIS, it came to be used in applications that used bar codes exclusively or bar codes in combination with RFID tags. EPCIS 1.1 and CBV 1.1 were ratified in May 2014. New features in EPCIS 1.1 include support for class-level identification (needed especially in bar code applications), a new event type to describe processes where inputs are transformed into outputs, and additional event data to describe business transfers and instance- or lot-level master data. EPCIS 1.2 and CBV 1.2 were ratified in September 2016. New features include a mechanism to declare a previous event as being erroneous, and a mechanism for including master data into the EPCIS document header. References External links EPCIS and EPC Core Business Vocabulary standard page at GS1 EPCIS standard version 1.2. GS1, Version 1.2, September 2016 CBV standard version 1.2.2 EPCIS and CBVImplementation Guideline EPCIS Workbench (formerly Visibility Data Workbench), a free interactive tool for encoding and decoding EPCIS data and interacting with EPCIS repositories GS1 standards