trapped, Hasdrubal was able to retreat unmolested with his elephants, main baggage train, and some of his Carthaginian troops. It appeared that his main losses in the battle were the majority of his light troops and Iberian allies. This was largely due to the legionnaires' choice to plunder the Carthaginian camp rather than pursue Hasdrubal with any earnestness. Aftermath After the battle, Hasdrubal led his depleted army (mainly formed by Celtiberian mercenaries and Gallic warriors) over the western passes of the Pyrenees into Gaul, and subsequently into Italy in an attempt to join his brother Hannibal. Scipio's failure to stop Hasdrubal's march to Italy was criticized by the Roman Senate. Scipio did not exploit his victory at Baecula to drive out the Carthaginians from Iberia, instead choosing to withdraw to his base at Tarraco. He secured alliances with many of the Iberian tribes, who switched sides after the Roman successes at Carthago Nova and Baecula. Carthaginian reinforcements landed in Iberia in 207 BC, and would soon launch a final attempt to recover their losses at the Battle of Ilipa in 206 BC. Citations Bibliography Primary Polybius; The Rise of the Roman Empire; Trans. Ian Scott-Kilvert; 1979; Livy Titus Livius; "Complete Works of Livy"; DelphiClassics.com 2014 (in Latin & English) Secondary Further reading Secondary Nigel Bagnall; The Punic Wars; 1990; Serge Lancel; Hannibal; Trans. Antonia Nevill; 2000; B.H. Liddell Hart; Scipio Africanus: Greater than Napoleon; 1926; Archaeological methodology applied to the analysis of battlefields and military camps of the Second Punic War: Baecula Baecula Baecula 208 BC Battles in Andalusia Baecula Baecula