Nikulin (2020) considers to be a sister of Macro-Jê. Furthermore, Nikulin (2019) has suggested that Bororoan has a relationship with the Cariban and Kariri languages: {| class="wikitable sortable" ! gloss !! Proto-Bororo !! Kariri !! Proto-Cariban |- ! tooth | *ɔ || dza || *(j)ə |- ! ear | *bidʒa || beɲe || *pana |- ! go | *tu || || *tə |- ! tree | *i || dzi || *jeje |- ! tongue | || nunu || *nuru |- ! root | || mu || *mi(t-) |- ! hand | || (a)mɨsã || *əmija |- ! fat (n.) | *ka || || *ka(t-) |- ! seed | *a || || *a |- ! fish | *karo || || *kana |- ! name | *idʒe || dze || |- ! heavy | *motɨtɨ || madi || |} An automated computational analysis (ASJP 4) by Müller et al. (2013) also found lexical similarities between Bororoan and Cariban. Language contact Jolkesky (2016) notes that there are lexical similarities with the Guato, Karib, Kayuvava, Nambikwara, and Tupi language families due to contact. Cariban influence in Bororoan languages was due to the later southward expansion of Cariban speakers into Bororoan territory. Ceramic technology was also adopted from Cariban speakers. Similarly, Cariban borrowings are also present in the Karajá languages. Karajá speakers had also adopted ceramic technology from Cariban speakers. Similarities with Cayuvava are due to the expansion of Bororoan speakers into the Chiquitania region. References Further reading Macro-Jê languages Language families Languages of Brazil Indigenous languages of South America (Central) Mamoré–Guaporé linguistic area