The International Communist Party (ICP) is a left communist international political party which is often described as Bordigist due to the contributions by longtime member Amadeo Bordiga, although the adherents of the party don't define themselves as Bordigists. Origins 1910 At the Italian Socialist Party's (PSI) Congress of Milan, the Left opposed what they perceived as "reformism" in the leadership of the party and the trade unions. The Left strongly opposed the Italo-Turkish War, in attempting to demonstrate their belief in Proletarian internationalism and organized itself nationally as the Left Communist Faction at the Reggio Emilia Congress of 1912. A similar conflict broke out in the Socialist Youth Federation against alleged "reformists" by the Left. The Left asserted that both the communist party and Young Federation were "organs of struggle". Amadeo Bordiga was a large influence on the party ideologically. 1914–1917 At the time of World War I the Left espoused revolutionary defeatism, a Leninist theory. At the outbreak of the October Revolution, the Left aligned itself with Lenin and his ideology of Leninism, the first sign of what they thought would be an international revolution. “Bolshevism, A Plant for Every Clime”, a piece written by party ideologist Bordiga, favorably spoke of the revolution. 1919 1919 was seen as a "crucial year" by Left Communists due to the German and Hungarian revolutions, which they viewed as being part of a trend of world revolution that the great October socialist revolution began. In Italy, a polemic began between the Left and Antonio Gramsci over the role of soviets in Italy. The Left then started an Abstentionist faction, which was founded in the PSI, due to the Left's views in regards to participation in elections. 1920–1924 At the Second Congress of the Third International, the Left opposed the Third International's structure, preferring an international party, as well as its requirement of democratic centralism. Lead by the Left, the Communist Party of Italy was founded in Livorno. After the arrest of Bordiga and many of the party’s leaders in early 1923, the Left was voted out of the leadership. Now led by Gramsci and Togliatti. The new majority within the party successfully opposed the Left and begun to purge their remaining members. 1926–1930 The left faction of the PCd'I was formally established in July 1927 by a number of young militants. The Left supported and briefly affiliated with the Russian opposition until the