secular education, but even the playing of musical instruments and innocent social games, like chess and checkers; and he condemned those who relied on reason, for the ideal Jew should live up to the principle of Psalm 73:22, "I was as a beast before thee". He was a decided opponent also of all agitation for the political emancipation of the Jews, saying that it is the duty of the Jews to suffer the tribulations of the Exile until God finds them ripe for Messianic redemption. Works Of the numerous works which Lichtenstein wrote, some of them being in Hebrew and others in Judæo-German, the most important of which were published included his responsa in Teshuvot Beit Hillel (Satmar 1908) and his sermons Maskil el Dal (Lemberg, 1867), Eis La'asos (ib. 1881), and Avkath Roichel (ib. 1883), all of which have been repeatedly reedited. They are all devoted to the denunciation of reform Judaism. References 1814 births 1891 deaths Hungarian Haredi rabbis 19th-century Hungarian rabbis People from Kolomyia