casualties numbered 733 killed and 1,282 wounded; the British had 12 killed and 53 wounded. The German defenders lost 199 dead and 504 wounded. The German dead were buried at Tsingtao, while the remaining soldiers were transported to prisoner of war camps in Japan. During the march to Tsingtao and the subsequent siege, Japanese forces killed 98 Chinese civilians and wounded 30; there were also countless incidents of rape against Chinese women committed by Japanese soldiers. The 4,700 German prisoners were treated well and with respect in Japan, such as in Bandō prisoner-of-war camp. The German troops were interned in Japan until the formal signature of the Versailles peace treaty in 1919, but due to technical questions, the troops were not repatriated before 1920. 170 prisoners chose to remain in Japan after the end of the war. See also Japan during World War I Kiautschou Bay concession U-boat Campaign (World War I) Notes References Sources Further reading External links German Colonial Uniforms Tsingtao Tsingtao Tsingtao Tsingtao Tsingtao Tsingtao Tsingtao German Empire in World War I Tsingtao Tsingtao Tsingtao Tsingtao Tsingtao Tsingtao Japan in World War I 1914 in Japan China in World War I 1914 in China History of Qingdao Last stands