that helped establish the UK's ombudsman system, the Criminal Injuries Compensation Board, the Rehabilitation of Offenders Act 1974, the Data Protection Act 1998, and the Criminal Cases Review Commission. Similarly, many of the measures contained in the Constitutional Reform Act 2005 were previously put forward by JUSTICE. Through the 1990s it established and developed programmes on human rights legislation, criminal justice, asylum and immigration, discrimination and privacy. It campaigned for the incorporation of the European Convention on Human Rights into UK law by way of the Human Rights Act 1998. 2000 – present In October 2009, it became the first NGO to intervene in a case before the UK Supreme Court in the case of HM Treasury v Ahmed. Following JUSTICE's intervention in Cadder v HM Advocate, JUSTICE Scotland was launched in July 2012. The first JUSTICE Scotland working party report, looking at legal assistance in police stations, was published in July 2018. Following the suspension of all new trials due to the 2020 Covid-19 pandemic, JUSTICE led a series of mock virtual trials to examine viability and safety. Leadership Previous Directors of JUSTICE include Dame Anne Owers CBE, Her Majesty's Chief Inspector of Prisons, Leah Levin OBE, a founder and trustee of REDRESS, and Andrea Coomber QC (Hon), Chief Executive of the Howard League of Penal Reform. Previous chairs of JUSTICE include Lord Alexander of Weedon QC, Lord Goodhart QC, Paul Seighart, and the former Law Lord, Lord Steyn. Current work The main areas of JUSTICE's work are: Human rights Criminal justice EU law The rule of law JUSTICE's focus is on UK law but its work involves highlighting the importance of international human rights law as well as bringing to bear the insights of comparative analysis of other jurisdictions. European law plays an increasingly large role in this work. It works primarily by briefing parliamentarians and policy-makers on the human rights implications of legislation. As a policy organisation it is less involved in overt campaigning and individual casework and more on providing independent, expert legal analysis on matters of fundamental rights. It also works at the European and international levels, lobbying the European Union institutions, the Council of Europe and the various United Nations treaty bodies. Each of JUSTICE's areas of work in turn covers a broad range of issues, including asylum and immigration, counter-terrorism, equality and discrimination, privacy, EU Freedom Justice and Security issues, legal aid and