when he split from the NSM, has been characterised as endorsing a specifically British form of Nazism. The British Movement, a 1968 development form the NSM, which used images of Hitler and the swastika on election literature. The November 9th Society, a neo-Nazi organisation founded by Terry Flynn in 1977. It also organises under the name British First Party. The Britain First Party which is a right-wing, anti-Islam and ultranationalist party that has been described as "fascist" by multiple media outlets. The National Socialist Action Party, a minor splinter group from the BM formed in 1982. National Action, a banned neo-Nazi terrorist organization that has done political activism. New British Union, an openly fascist group founded in January 2013 by Gary Raikes, a former British National Party candidate for Scotland. Bibliography R. Benewick, Political Violence and Public Order, London: Allan Lane, 1969 G. Bowd, Fascist Scotland - Caledonia and the Far Right, Edinburgh: Birlinn, 2013 M. Cronin (ed.), The Failure of British Fascism, Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1996 S. Dorrill, Blackshirt – Sir Oswald Mosley and British Fascism, London: Penguin, 2007 R. Eatwell, Fascism : A History, London: Pimlico, 2003 N. Goodrick-Clarke, Black Sun: Aryan Cults, Esoteric Nazism, and the Politics of Identity, New York: New York University Press, 2003 R. Hill & A. Bell, The Other Face of Terror - Inside Europe’s Neo-Nazi Network, London: Collins, 1988 K. Hodgson, Fighting Fascism: the British Left and the Rise of Fascism, 1919-39, Manchester University Press, 2010 T. Linehan, British Fascism 1918-39: Parties, Ideology and Culture, Manchester University Press, 2000 Graham Macklin, ‘Failed Führers: A History of Britain’s Extreme Right’, Routledge, 2020. M. Pugh, 'Hurrah for the Blackshirts!' Fascists and Fascism in Britain between the Wars, London, 2005 R. Thurlow, Fascism in Britain, London: IB Tauris, 1998 M. Walker, The National Front, Glasgow: Fontana, 1977 References