Bṛhat-saṃhitā and Bṛhaj-jātaka, rely largely on Utpala's explanations. Utpala refers to several earlier commentaries on Bṛhat-saṃhitā, but his commentary is the only one still extant. Utpala quotes several Sanskrit and Prakrit works, which are now lost, including those attributed to the semi-legendary figures such as Garga, Parashara, and Rshiputra.. Utpala is known for quoting six verses from Surya Siddhanta which are not found in its extant version. These six verses can be found in the 'Introduction' by S.Jain to the translation of Surya Siddhānta made by E. Burgess. As a commentator, Utpala devotes considerable effort to correctly interpret the text, using scientific methods far ahead of this time. He provides variant readings of various terms and refers to the views of the earlier commentators. He identifies some parts of the Bṛhat-saṃhitā text available to him as later forgeries, and provides reasons for doing so. He admits his lack of expertise at places; for examle, while commenting on the Gandha-yukti section of the Bṛhat-saṃhitā, he states that is not well-versed with the art of hair dyeing and cosmetics, and the reader should consult people skilled in those areas. That said, he lived several centuries after Varāhamihira, and therefore, could not understand certain concepts, leading to deficiences in his commentaries. For example, he wrongly interprets the term gana (republican states) as samūha or saṇghāta (groups). Sometime before 1861, Hendrik Kern (1833-1917) edited Utpala's commentaries on Bṛhatsaṃhitā and Bṛhajjātaka from the manuscripts, at Albrecht Weber's recommendation. He extracted a long list of technical terms from the texts; this list was included in Böhtlingk and Roth's Petersburg Sanskrit-Wörterbuch (1855-1875) and the Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English dictionary (1872), which became a standard reference for Sanskritists. See also Indian science and technology Indian mathematics Hindu astronomy Notes References Bibliography Further reading David Pingree, The Beginning of Utpala's Commentary on the Khaṇḍakhādyaka, Journal of the American Oriental Society (1973). B. Chatterjee (trans.), The Khandakhadyaka (an astronomical treatise) of Brahmagupta; With the commentary of Bhattotpala, 2 vols., Calcutta (1970). Surya Siddhānta (Text with translation and Notes) [A Text-Book of Hindu Astronomy], translation by E. Burgess, with Sanskrit text and edited by S. Jain. Oriental Book Centre, Delhi, 2005; . Yoga Yatra Vivritti by Bhattotpala] Brihat Jatak Vivritti'' by Bhattotpala Hindu astronomy History of mathematics Hindu astrological texts 10th-century Indian astronomers Scholars from Jammu and Kashmir