clean Ukraine of bad animals (especially Old Believers, (Muscovites), Armenians, Greeks, Moslems etc., who tortured poor good real animals killing them without Kolii. Ukrainian Poles often used meat from animals slaughtered by Kolii, and Jews used meat slaughtered by rezniks in a way very similar to Kolii and so Maksym Zalizniak solemnly rejected any plans to massacre Jews or Poles and explained the massacre as the excess of the executors. The term could be an adaptation of the Polish words "kolej", "kolejno", "po kolei", which implies "służba kolejna" (patrolling service), designating Cossack militia in the service of aristocrats. That etymology is suggested by Polish historians such as Władysław Andrzej Serczyk and Volodymyr Shcherbyna, who did not read the poem of Schevcenko about the uprising. Events The rebellion was simultaneous to the Confederation of Bar, which originated in an adjacent region in the city of Bar (historical Podolia) and was a de facto civil war in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. The Bar Confederation declared not only the Orthodox faith but the Uniate church pro-Russian ones. Later, the Polish government and Roman Catholic church accused both Eastern Churches of responsibility on the Uman massacre and the uprising because Russia defended the political rights of believers of both churches. Though almost all pupils of the Uman Uniate seminary had died in the massacre, they were accused of the fall of the city by the Polish government. There were rumours that Don Cossacks fighting the Bar Confederation needed help from Zaporozhian Cossacks, many of whom left for Right-bank Ukraine to join the Don Cossacks. Some of them became leaders of different detachments. Some were seized by Polish government forces and tried in Kodnya by Poles. One Zaporozhian Cossack was executed in Kodnya. The Cossacks were not paid. The rebellion of peasants was fuled by ducats paid by Maxim Zalizniak for every killed Bar Confederate (a blue-eyed Old Believer because women and children could not find Confederates to have a reward) and by the circulation of a fictitious proclamation of support and call to arms by Russian Empress Catherine II, the so-called "Golden Charter". Mostly based on rumours, the charter, however, had a real foundation and was connected with the Repnin's sejm decisions to give political freedoms to Uniates and Orthodox Christians. Catherine issued a rescript in 1765 to Archimandrite Melkhisedek and made the Russian ambassador in Warsaw facilitate assertion the rights and privileges of the