While there is ample evidence to indicate the health benefits of diets rich in fruits, vegetables, legumes, whole grains and nuts, no specific food has been acknowledged by scientists and government regulatory authorities as providing a health benefit. Current medical research is focused on whether health effects could be due to specific essential nutrients or to phytochemicals which are not defined as essential. The following is a list of phytochemicals present in commonly consumed foods. Terpenoids (isoprenoids) Carotenoids (tetraterpenoids) Carotenes orange pigments α-Carotene – to vitamin A . β-Carotene – to vitamin A . γ-Carotene - to vitamin A, δ-Carotene ε-carotene Lycopene . Neurosporene Phytofluene . Phytoene . Xanthophylls yellow pigments Canthaxanthin . β-Cryptoxanthin to vitamin A . Zeaxanthin . Astaxanthin . Lutein . Rubixanthin . Triterpenoid Saponins . Oleanolic acid . Ursolic acid . Betulinic acid . Moronic acid Diterpenes Cafestol in unfiltered form such as or . Monoterpenes Limonene . Perillyl alcohol . Steroids Phytosterols . Campesterol . beta Sitosterol . gamma sitosterol Stigmasterol . Phenolic compounds Natural monophenols Apiole . Carnosol . Carvacrol . Dillapiole . Rosemarinol . Polyphenols Flavonoids red, blue, purple pigments Flavonols Quercetin . Kaempferol . Myricetin . Fisetin . Rutin . Isorhamnetin . Flavanones Hesperidin . Naringenin . Silybin . Eriodictyol . Flavones Acacetin . Apigenin . Chrysin . Diosmetin . Tangeritin . Luteolin . Flavan-3-ols (flavanols) Catechins . (+)-Catechin (+)-Gallocatechin (−)-Epicatechin (−)-Epigallocatechin (−)-Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) . (−)-Epicatechin 3-gallate Theaflavin . Theaflavin-3-gallate . Thearubigins . Proanthocyanidins Flavanonols Anthocyanidins (flavonals) and Anthocyanins . Pelargonidin . Peonidin . Cyanidin . Delphinidin . Malvidin . Petunidin Isoflavonoids Isoflavones (phytoestrogens) . Daidzein (formononetin) . Genistein (biochanin A) . Glycitein . Isoflavanes Isoflavandiols Isoflavenes Pterocarpans or Coumestans (phytoestrogens) Coumestrol . Aurones Chalconoids Flavonolignans Silymarin . Lignans Phytoestrogens . Matairesinol . Secoisolariciresinol . Pinoresinol and lariciresinol . Stilbenoids Resveratrol . Pterostilbene . Piceatannol . Pinosylvin Curcuminoids Curcumin (Oxidizes to vanillin) . Tannins Hydrolyzable tannins Ellagitannins Punicalagins . Castalagins Vescalagins . Castalins Casuarictins Grandinins Punicalins Roburin As Tellimagrandin IIs Terflavin Bs Gallotannins Digalloyl glucose 1,3,6-Trigalloyl glucose Condensed tannins Proanthocyanidins . Polyflavonoid tannins Catechol-type tannins Pyrocatecollic type tannins Flavolans Phlorotannins extracted from . Flavono-ellagitannin extracted from . Aromatic acid Phenolic acids Salicylic acid . Vanillin and Vanillic acid . Gallic acid . Ellagic acid . Tannic acid . Hydroxycinnamic acids Caffeic acid . Chlorogenic acid . Cinnamic acid . Ferulic acid . Coumarin . Phenylethanoids Tyrosol . Hydroxytyrosol . Oleocanthal .