measured a field, after replacing the previous land surveyor. The symbol of the stylus, representing the god of writing and wisdom, Nabû, makes its first appearance on one of his kudurrus. A kudurru comes with an unusual trinity of gods in its invocation of a divine curse, “May Nabû, Nanaya and Tašmētum, lords of the decrees and decisions, surround him with evil and search him out for misfortune.” The continuity of the reign with those earlier in the dynasty is evident in a kudurru providing confirmation of an earlier land grant by Adad-šuma-uṣur and a copy of a kudurru from the reign of Nazi-Maruttaš, the original of which was destroyed when a wall collapsed on it. Kudurrus were also used to record legal settlements, and two examples include a lawsuit concerning land in Ḫudadu (Baghdad?) province, on the Elamite border east of the Tigris from his accession year, and one recording legal actions over a field. List of kudurrus dated to this reign Around eighteen kudurrus could be assigned to his reign based upon the art-history of their iconography. The following lists those which actually identify him as the monarch in their texts. Land grant to Marduk-zākir-šumi kudurru, the bēl pīḫati Land grant to Munnabittu kudurru Uzbi-Enlil kudurru Broken kudurru of Marduk-apla-iddina Adad-bēl-kala kudurru confirming a gift by the earlier king Adad-šuma-uṣur Fragmentary kudurru of Marduk-apla-iddina The Tehran kudurru Also dated to his reign is the stone copy of the Nazimaruttaš kudurru stone. End of his reign The events at the end of his reign are uncertain, but it is clear from later sources that it ended dramatically, when Elamite troops led by Shutruk-Nahhunte, who had married a sister of Marduk-apla-iddina, invaded Babylonia and sacked several cities, including the capital. Whether these events were the cause of his demise, or whether they followed a succession crisis in which Zababa-šuma-iddina, an individual whose relationship with Marduk-apla-iddina is unknown, attempted to succeed him to the kingship, has yet to be determined. The Prophecy A text may portray him in the figure of the 4th king, whose 13-year reign ends with an Elamite attack on Akkad, the booty of Akkad taken away, confusion, social disorder, usurpation and famine, events which seem to mirror much of what is known about this period. Inscriptions Notes References 12th-century BC Babylonian kings Kassite kings 12th-century BC rulers