Hu Hanmin (; born in Panyu, Guangdong, Qing Dynasty, China, 9 December 1879 – Kwangtung, Republic of China, 12 May 1936) was a Chinese philosopher and politician who was one of the early conservative right-wing faction leaders in the Kuomintang (KMT) during revolutionary China. Biography Hu was of Hakka descent from Ji'an, Jiangxi. Trần Xuân Sinh claimed that Hu Hanmin could be the descendant of Hồ Hán Thương, the second monarch of the Hồ dynasty of Vietnam. His father had moved to Panyu, Guangdong, to take up an official post. He qualified as a Juren at the age of 21. He studied in Japan from 1902 and joined the Tongmenghui (Chinese Revolutionary Alliance) in 1905 as editor of the newspaper Min Bao. From 1907 to 1910 he took part in several armed revolutions. Shortly after the Xinhai Revolution in 1911, he was appointed Governor of Guangdong and Chief Secretary of the Provisional Government. He took part in the Second Revolution of 1913 and, after its failure, followed Sun Yat-sen to Japan. There they founded the Kuomintang (Chinese Nationalist Party). Hu lived in Guangdong from 1917 to 1921 and worked for Sun Yat-sen, first as Minister of Transport and later as Chief Adviser. Hu Hanmin visited Kemalist Turkey and was greatly inspired by the revolutionary nationalist ideals of Kemalism. Hu hoped that Chiang would model his republic on Atatürk's, with limited military involvement in politics. Hu was elected to the Central Executive Committee at the Kuomintang's first conference in January 1924. In September he acted as vice-generalissimo when Sun Yat-sen left Guangzhou for Shaoguan. Sun died in Beijing in March 1925, and Hu was one of the three most powerful figures in the Kuomintang. The other two were Wang Jingwei and Liao Zhongkai. Liao was assassinated in August that year, and Hu was suspected and arrested. After the Ninghan split in 1927, Hu supported Chiang Kai-shek and was head of the Legislative Yuan in Nanjing. Later, on 28 February 1931, Hu was placed under house arrest by Chiang because of disputes over the new Provisional Constitution. Internal party pressure forced Chiang to release him. Hu then became a powerful leader in South China, advocating three political principles: resistance to Japanese invasion, resistance to warlords, and resistance to the self-proclaimed leader Chiang Kai-shek. The anti-Chiang factions in the KMT gathered in Guangzhou to set up a rival government. They demanded Chiang's resignation