Outbreak areas have been identified in Zambia, Tanzania, Malawi, Madagascar, and Réunion. In the Sahel, the species is observed on a more incidental basis in Cape Verde, the central Niger River delta in Mali, and around Lake Chad. The last widespread plague occurred from 1930-1944, when almost all of southern Africa was invaded. After unsuccessful efforts to control the locusts through environmental modifications, chemical agents are currently being used. A biological product based on an entomopathogenic fungus, Metarhizium acridum, is now available (see desert locust). It has been successfully tested on both nymphs and adults of the red locust. However, over recent years, a new mechanism to control pests was created. The Integrated pest management (IPM) is a combination of environmentally friendly methods that together can be used effectively as a pest management strategy (ANDIATSIREVOMBOLA et al., 2016). References Locusts Cyrtacanthacridinae Agricultural pest insects Insects described in 1883 Insect pests of millets Monotypic Orthoptera genera ANDIATSIREVOMBOLA. (2016). PREDATION IMPACT OF CATTLE EGRET (BUBULCUS IBIS) ON MIGRATORY LOCUST (LOCUSTA MIGRATORIA CAPITO) AND RED LOCUST (NOMADACRIS SEPTEMFASCIATA) IN SOUTH AND SOUTHWEST REGIONS OF MADAGASCAR. Applied Ecology and Environmental Research, 14(3), 297–308. https://doi.org/10.15666/aeer/1403_297308