of Islamic law which pertains to rituals and worship, and must therefore be confined to the religious parts of fiqh, the jurists proper concern themselves with the temporal and particular (i.e. variable) parts of fiqh and sharia. This would allow jurists, judges and law-makers to keep 'modern' Arab justice from being wholly subordinated to Islamic theology while drawing on Islamic legal principles all the while. In this way, justice would remain faithful to its historic roots but with an invariable view of reaching humanistic ends; particularly when state legislation, the sharia and traditional customs all fail to find a solution to one or more legal or juridical problems. The tenets of Al-Sanhūrī's philosophy are unity and experience; as he explains in Le Califat, a careful balance must be achieved between both: Academic commentary One commentator argued that al-Sanhūrī's codes reflected a "hodgepodge of socialist doctrine and sociological jurisprudence." Other commentators have pointed out that his place in the legal history of the modern Middle East is nevertheless secure; indeed, his Al-Wasīṭ "adorns the bookshelves of many an Arab law firm, even in countries where the Egyptian Civil Code is not law". Works Les restrictions contracluelles a la liberle individuelle de travail dans la jurisprudence anglaise, Paris: Marcel Biard, 1925. Le Califat, Paris: Librairie Orientaliste Paul Geuthner, 1926. Al-'Aqd al-ijar. Cairo, 1930. Nazariyyat al-'Aqd. Cairo, 1934 Al-Mujiz fi al-nazariyya al-'amma lil-iltizamat fi qanun al-madani al-misri. Cairo, 1936. Al-Wasīṭ fī sharḥ al-qānūn al-madanī al-jadīd. (10 volumes) Cairo, 1952–1970. References Bibliography Hill, Enid, Al-Sanhuri and Islamic Law, (1987), . Bechor, Guy, The Sanhuri Code, and the Emergence of Modern Arab Civil Law (1932 to 1949), Brill, (2007), , . Riles, Annelise (ed.), Rethinking the Masters of Comparative Law, (2001), . Shalakany, Amr, Between Identity and Redistribution: Sanhuri, Genealogy and the Will to Islamise, in Islamic Law and Society, Vol. 8(2), 2001, . 1895 births 1971 deaths Egyptian jurists Egyptian Muslims