Thomas Humphrey Marshall (19 December 1893 – 29 November 1981) was an English sociologist who is best known for his essay "Citizenship and Social Class," a key work on citizenship that introduced the idea that full citizenship includes civil, political, and social citizenship. Biography T.H. Marshall was born in London on 19 December 1893 to a wealthy, artistically cultured family (a Bloomsbury family). He was the fourth of six children. His great-grandfather acquired an industrial fortune and his father was a successful architect, leaving Marshall with a privileged upbringing and inheritance. Because of his wealthy background, he obtained a formal education at Rugby School, a private boarding school. He continued his schooling at Trinity College, Cambridge, where he studied history. Marshall was a civilian prisoner in Germany during the First World War. He then went on to pursue a fellowship program at Trinity College in October 1919, where he entered into academia as a professional historian. This was interrupted when he became the Labour candidate in Farnham in the 1922 election. Despite being unsuccessful in this political campaign, Marshall found his endeavors beneficial because they brought him into close contact with working-class people and exposed him to the injustices and prejudices within the British class system. In "A British Sociological Career," he recounts that he "knew nothing of working-class life" growing up, therefore marking this experience as a transformative awakening to what would guide his work. Marshall later became a tutor in social work at the London School of Economics in 1925. He was promoted to reader and went on to become the head of the Social Science Department at LSE from 1944 to 1949 and Martin White Professorship of Sociology from 1954 to 1956. Marshall worked for UNESCO as the head of the Social Science Department from 1956 to 1960, possibly contributing to the United Nations International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, which was drafted in 1954, but not ratified until 1966. He was the fourth president of the International Sociological Association (1959–1962). Marshall died on 29 November 1981 in Cambridge. Academic research Citizenship and Social Class T.H. Marshall wrote a seminal essay on citizenship– which became his most famous work– titled "Citizenship and Social Class." This was published in 1950 and was based on a lecture given the previous year. British citizenship was originally bestowed upon those of a higher status group with their own civil,