conservative than the contemporary Late Old Eastern Aramaic spoken in eastern Mesopotamia, has been recorded in Elymais until the rise of the Sasanians. The chancellery of Elymais developed its own variant of the Aramaic alphabet, which was characterized by cursive letters and frequent use of ligatures, apparently influenced by the contemporary Parthian chancellery script. However, there is no evidence that Aramaic was a spoken language in Elymais. It is recorded only in coins (since Orodes III) and inscriptions, such as those of Tang-e Sarvak. List of kings Kamnaskirid dynasty Kamnaskires I Soter ( 147 BC ?) Kamnaskires II Nikephoros (c. 147–139 BC) From 140/139 BC, Elymais was then under direct Parthian control for several decades, with occasional rebellions, until around 82 BC. Known usurpers or rebels include: Okkonapses (c. 139/138–137 BC) Tigraios (c. 137–132 BC) Darius Soter (c. 129 BC) Pittit (125–124 BC) Kamnaskires III with Anzaze (c. 82–62/61 BC) Kamnaskires IV (1st century BC) Kamnaskires V (late 1st century BC) Kamnaskires VI (mid/late 1st century AD) Arsacid dynasty Orodes I (late 1st century) Orodes II (late 1st/early 2nd century) Phraates (late 1st/early 2nd century) Osroes (2nd century) Orodes III with Ulfan (2nd century) Abar-Basi (2nd century) Orodes IV (from 165/170) Khwasak (3rd century) Orodes V (3rd century) Notes References Bibliography Pakzadian, Hasan. "The Coins of Elymais", Tehran, 2007. (in Persian) External links Elymais coinage About Elymais and the type of coinage https://web.archive.org/web/20051223234605/http://www.grifterrec.com/coins/elymais/elymais.html http://www.seleukids.org/Elymais.html Some history and coin definitions 140s BC establishments States and territories established in the 2nd century BC Parthian Empire Ancient peoples Numismatics Former countries in the Middle East