the new governorate. Maadi was also elevated to city status, incorporating the districts of Maadi, Tora, al-Tibin and al-Nahda. Helwan Governorate later incorporated the rural counties (marakiz, sing. markaz) of Al-Saf and Atfih from the Giza Governorate's former jurisdiction east of the Nile. Following the dissolution of the Helwan Governorate in April 2011, all cities and districts returned to their previous statuses, and the city of Helwan was reincorporated as a district. Ecclesiastical history Alphocranon was important enough in the Late Roman province of Arcadia Aegypti to be a suffragan of its Metropolitan Archbishop of Oxyrhynchus. Its bishop, Harpocration, participated in the First Council of Nicaea in 325. The bishopric is mentioned in two Notitiae Episcopatuum. Titular see No longer a residential diocese, Alphocranon is today listed by the Catholic Church as a Latin Catholic titular bishopric, nominally restoring the diocese since 1933, but no incumbent is recorded. Demographics and shiakhas In the 2017 census, Helwan had 521,239 residents in 8 shiakhas: Economy Local industry includes iron, steel, textiles and cement. The area has hot sulphur springs, an astronomical observatory, the Helwan University and a burial chamber (discovered in 1946). It is the terminus of Cairo's light rail Metro Line 1. Also trams in Helwan serve the people. Climate Köppen-Geiger climate classification system classifies its climate as hot desert (BWh). Owing to its proximity to Cairo, its average monthly temperatures are quite similar, but it has a quite different distribution of humidity and its diurnal average temperature variation is slightly larger. Notability Sadd el-Kafara, one of the earliest prehistoric man-made dams in the world. Harold Knox-Shaw, one of the earliest astronomy specialists in Helwan Observatory. John Reynolds, one of the earliest astronomy specialists in Helwan Observatory & president of the English Royal Astronomical Society between 1935 and 1937. Operation Priha: Helwan was targeted in Priha-1. Tewfik Pasha died in his palace at Helwan. The 6th Armoured Division (South Africa) was present at Helwan during WW II. The 82-BM-37 is known as "Helwan M-69 82mm mortar". Abdul Rahman Hassan Azzam Pasha lived in Helwan. Moataz Eno was born in Helwan. Cars produced at Helwan: Nasr 128 Sahin 1.4S Sahin 1.6SL Zastava Florida In Fiat 1100 Fiat 1300/1500 Fiat 2300 Polski Fiat 125p/FSO 125p FSO Polonez MR'83/MR'85 FSO Polonez MR'86/MR'87/MR'89 Fiat Ritmo Fiat Regata Fiat Tempra The English Middle East Command Camouflage Directorate was present in Helwan. Geoffrey Barkas designed the Operation