by the Budget Control Act of 2011, harming Defense Department-dependent states and communities. Seeking to avert similar economic slowdowns, OEA Director O'Brien began issuing the “Defense Spending by State” report to help state and local leaders cope with potential loss of Defense contracts through economic diversification or technological innovation and Defense Secretary Leon Panetta pledged continuing aid to affected communities. Executive Order 14008, issued by President Joe Biden in early 2021, added addressing climate change to OLDCC's goals. Operations The Office of Local Defense Community Cooperation provides technical and financial assistance (referred to as economic adjustment assistance) to states and local communities supporting the mission of the Department of Defense. Such aid is intended to enhance the resiliency and readiness of defense installations and their surrounding communities. Economic adjustment assistance provides a community-based context for assessing economic hardships caused by DoD program changes by identifying and evaluating alternative courses of action, identifying resource requirements, and assisting in the preparation of an adjustment strategy or action plan to help communities help themselves. Public and private partnerships are employed in areas such as public infrastructure to help local communities, the residents of which are often employed by or otherwise support military installations, and reduce operating costs. OLDCC employees have a range of experience in economic and community development, land use planning, real estate redevelopment, federal real property programs, military programs, and worker adjustment. Project managers also bring a working knowledge of other federal agencies and their respective programs to help communities put together an adjustment program combining federal, state, local, and private resources. OLDCC also administers a Joint Land Use Study (JLUS) program to encourage cooperative land use planning between military installations and the surrounding communities where civilian encroachment is likely to impair the operations of an installation. In these instances, the Office may provide technical and financial assistance to state and local governments to achieve compatible land use and development activities near Department facilities. A JLUS is funded by an OLDCC grant and contributions from the local government (the "JLUS sponsor"); such studies seek to balance military installation and local community needs by increasing stakeholder communication and joint planning to ensure compatibility. Programs OLDCC operates six "programs of assistance" aimed at helping local Defense-supporting communities: Community Investment Program: Funds public services (e.g. infrastructure, utilities, schools, medical care) for Department personnel and their families. Further divided into four program lines: Mission Growth: