the people in the present Stockton and Modesto vicinities of San Joaquin and Stanislaus counties, California, prior to their removal to Mission San Jose between 1810 and 1827. Of interest, Delta Yokuts contains a large number of words with no cognates in any of the other dialects, or for that matter in the adjacent Utian languages, although its syntax is typically Northern Valley Yokuts (Kroeber 1959:15-17). This anomaly has led Whistler (cited by Golla 2007:76) to suggest, "The vocabulary distinctive of some of the Delta Yokuts dialects may reflect substratal influence from pre-proto-Yokuts or from an extinct Yok-Utian language." Golla (2007:77) suggests that a "pre-proto-Yokuts" homeland was in the Great Basin, citing a rich plant and animal vocabulary for a dry environment and a close connection between Yokuts basketry styles and those of prehistoric central Nevada. Proto-language Proto-Yokuts reconstructions from Whistler and Golla (1986): {| class="wikitable sortable" ! gloss !! Proto-Yokuts |- | acorn || *pʰutʰuʂ |- | beaver || *t’ɨːpɨkʰ ~ *ʈ’ɨːpɨkʰ |- | blood || *hɨːpa-ʔ |- | bone || *c’iy |- | child || *witʰip |- | child (diminutive) || *wicʰip |- | coyote || *kʰay’iw |- | eight || *mun’us |- | eye || *sasa-ʔ |- | fingernail || *xiːsix |- | fire || *ʔoʂitʰ |- | fish || *lopʰiʈʰ |- | flea || *p’aːk’il |- | friend || *noːcʰi |- | head louse || *tʰihiʈʰ |- | heart || *ʔuʂik’ |- | horn || *ɨʂɨl’ |- | mountain || *lomitʰ |- | mouth || *sama-ʔ |- | north || *xosim |- | nose || *ʈʰɨŋɨk’ |- | shaman || *ʔaŋʈʰiw |- | skunk || *cʰox |- | sky || *ʈʰipʰin |- | star || *c’ayatas |- | string || *c’ikiy |- | tears || *maŋal |- | three || *ʂoːpʰin |- | two || *poŋiy |- | water || *ʔilik’ |} See also Yokuts people Further reading References Campbell, Lyle. (1997). American Indian Languages: The Historic Linguistics of Native America. New York, Oxford University Press. Golla, Victor. (1964). Comparative Yokuts Phonology. University of California Publications in Linguistics (No. 34); Studies in Californian Linguistics. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. Golla, Victor. (2007). "Linguistic Prehistory" in California Prehistory: Colonization, Culture, and Complexity, pp. 71–82. Jones, Terry L. and Klar, Kathryn A., editors. New York: Altamira Press. . Golla, Victor. (2011). California Indian Languages. Berkeley: University of California Press. . Kroeber, A. L. (1959). Northern Yokuts. Anthropological