at any given moment. Each group is headed by a Colonel and all groups are qualified as airborne commandos. Kopassus is known for its roles in high-risk operations such as the Woyla hijacking and the Mapenduma hostage crisis. However, Kopassus is also known for its alleged human right abuses in East Timor and Papua. Personnel of the unit are distinguished by their red berets, similar to most paratrooper and special forces units in the world. Army territorial commands The territorial Regional Military Command () and its units below hierarchically serve as the main operational organization of the Indonesian Army. These military territories were established by General Sudirman (the then-Commander of the Indonesian National Armed Forces), following the model of the Nazi German Wehrkreis system. The system was later codified in Surat Perintah Siasat No.1, signed into doctrine in November 1948. The hierarchy of Indonesian Army territorial command is as follows: KODAM () or Regional Military Command (Provincial or multiple province level) is commanded by a two-star Major General; KOREM () Military Area Command (Covering a province or multiple cities and regencies) is further divided into 2 type, A and B, commanded by a one-star Brigadier General and Colonel respectively; KODIM () Military District Command (City or Regency level) is further divided, into 3 type, independent, A and B, commanded by a Colonel, Lieutenant Colonel, and Major respectively; and KORAMIL () Military Sector Command (Kecamatan or district level) is further divided into 2 type, A and B, commanded by a Major and Captain respectively. There are currently fifteen Kodams established across Indonesia, with all but two commands numbered. KODAM I/Bukit Barisan covers northern and central Sumatra, except Aceh KODAM II/ Sriwijaya covers southern Sumatra KODAM III/Siliwangi covered western Java, except Jakarta metro area KODAM IV/Diponegoro covered central Java KODAM V/Brawijaya covered eastern Java KODAM VI/Mulawarman covered eastern Kalimantan; KODAM IX/Udayana covered the lesser Sunda islands KODAM XII/Tanjungpura covered western and central Kalimantan KODAM XIII/Merdeka covered northern and eastern Sulawesi KODAM XIV/Hasanuddin covered southern and western Sulawesi KODAM XVI/Pattimura covered the Moluccas; KODAM XVII/Cenderawasih covered western Papua; KODAM VIII/Kasuari covered eastern Papua; KODAM Jayakarta covers Jakarta metro area KODAM Iskandar Muda covers Aceh The Army's structure underwent various reorganizations throughout its early years. From 1946 to 1952 the Army was organized into a number of set combined arms divisions. These were further consolidated in 1951, and then dispersed in 1952. From 1952