common law jurisprudence regarding self-defense on a statutory footing. Israel Israeli law allows property owners to defend themselves with force. This law was introduced in response to the trial of Shai Dromi, an Israeli farmer who shot Arab intruders on his farm late at night in 2007. Italy Italy passed a law in 2005 that allowed property owners to defend themselves with force but required proof that the intruder posed an immediate physical threat. In 2019, the law was expanded to say that a property owner can protect their property with a firearm against perceived threats without fear of being prosecuted. The law also offers free legal aid and defence counsel costs for those who kill or injure an intruder. Sweden Swedish self defence law allows for defence of property (not only one's home) as well as persons. The force used in defence must not be obviously unproportional to that that is under threat. That is, deadly force can not be used in self defence unless the threat includes deadly force, for example against a simple theft. Sweden also has a citizen's arrest law that provides for arresting e.g. trespassers until police arrives. See also Duty to retreat, obligation to withdraw rather than attack, overridden by castle doctrine Justifiable homicide, the blameless killing of a person, such as in self-defense. Killing of Nathan Heidelberg, 2019 death of a Texas police officer; the homeowner who shot Heidelberg on his front porch, believing him to be an intruder, was acquitted of all charges Stand-your-ground law, which applies the castle doctrine to any place. Self-defence (Australia) Semayne's case, 1604 case establishing the "knock-and-announce" rule in English common law, and where the "castle doctrine" phrasing comes from Squatting in the United States Trespasser History Claim club Related sayings a man's home is his castle an Englishman's home is his castle Notes Criminal defenses Homicide U.S. state criminal law Legal doctrines and principles Self-defense Gun politics in the United States