secret scale) and the first name change was to BKIW (Berlin-Karlsruher Industriewerke or 'Berkawerke') in 1922. After the national-socialist takeover of power in Germany, the company added 'vormals Deutsche -Waffen und Munitionsfabriken' (former DWM) to the company name in 1933. In 1936 DWM reverted to its old name. From 1940 to 1945, the Quandt family factories- AFA and Deutsche Waffen-und Munitionsfabriken- were staffed with more than 50,000 forced civilian laborers, prisoners of war and concentration camp workers, according to Scholtyseck's 1,183-page study. A recent film, "The Silence of the Quandts", took a critical look at their wartime activities. After denazification hearings in 1948, no repercussions followed. Deutsche Waggon- und Maschinenfabriken In the 1950s, following the war, the Berlin branch of the company switched to the renovation and building of railroad and public transport equipment. It started using the name Deutsche Waggon- und Maschinenfabriken GmbH, but still used the original DWM logo. It later became Waggon Union, a manufacturer of rail vehicles and bus bodies. Industriewerke Karlsruhe In 1970 the Karlsruhe branch merged with the Augsburg-based company Industriewerke Karlsruhe Augsburg (IWKA). In 2007 the Karlsruhe-Augsburg company moved to Augsburg and reverted to the original name of the Augsburg company, Keller und Knappich Augsburg, or KUKA, now a robotics firm. See also Antique Guns References www.maybach.ru A short biography of Karl Maybach: Engineering in his blood Deutsche Waffen und Munitionsfabriken (DWM) Cartridge Identification By Headstamp 50 Jahre Deutsche Waffen- und Munitionsfabriken AG, VdI verlag, 1939 75 Jahre Industriewerke Karlsruhe, Selbstverlag, 1964. Ludwig Loewe & Cie 1869–1929, VdI Verlag, 1930. Geschichte der Mauser-Werke, VdI Verlag, 1938. FN 100 Years, Francotte & Gaier, Didier Hatier, 1989. Die Blutige Internationale, Otto Lehmann-Russbüldt, 1930. External links Luger Pistol and Mauser Parabellum Defunct firearms manufacturers Firearm manufacturers of Germany 1896 establishments in Germany Manufacturing companies established in 1896 Companies involved in the Holocaust Manufacturing companies disestablished in 1970 1970 disestablishments in West Germany Defunct manufacturing companies of Germany