also transferred responsibility for carrying out its mandates from the Department of the Interior to the Department of Labor, and created MSHA, which is a large independent agency that functions in business oversight. Additionally, the Mine Act established the independent Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission to provide for independent review of the majority of MSHA's enforcement actions. Congress passed the Mine Improvement and New Emergency Response Act (MINER Act) in 2006. The MINER Act amended the Mine Act to require mine-specific emergency response plans in underground coal mines; added new regulations regarding mine rescue teams and sealing of abandoned areas; required prompt notification of mine accidents; and enhanced civil penalties. Modern regulations Modern mining regulation in the United States is carried out by MSHA and governed by The Federal Mine Safety and Health Act of 1977 and MSHA's Program Policy Manual Volume III. On January 27, 2012 as required under the Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, the Securities and Exchange Commission adopted final rules which require covered SEC-reporting issuers that are “operator(s)” (or that has a subsidiary that is an “operator”) of a “coal or other mine” to disclose certain mine safety violations, citations and orders and related matters for each coal or other mine that they operate. Covered mine “operator(s)” are also required to file a current report on Form 8-K to disclose the receipt of certain orders and notices from the U.S. Labor Department’s Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) related to a coal or other mine that they operate. Accidents and accident reporting Mine operators are required by law to report all mining accidents within 15 minutes of when the operator knew or should have known about the accident. Immediately reportable accidents and injuries are: A death of an individual at a mine; An injury to an individual at a mine which has a reasonable potential to cause death; An entrapment of an individual for more than thirty minutes; An unplanned inundation of a mine by a liquid or gas; An unplanned ignition or explosion of gas or dust; An unplanned mine fire not extinguished within 30 minutes of discovery; An unplanned ignition or explosion of a blasting agent or explosive; An unplanned roof fall at or above the anchorage zone in active workings where roof bolts are in use; or, an unplanned roof or rib fall in active workings that impairs