sui iuris) particular Churches consisting of several local Churches (dioceses) have the title of Patriarch. The pope, as patriarch of the Latin Church, is the head of the only sui iuris Church in the West, leading to the relatively short-lived title Patriarch of the West (in use 1863–2006). Eastern patriarchs are elected by the synod of bishops of their particular Church. The Patriarchs who head autonomous particular Churches are: The Coptic Catholic Patriarch of Alexandria (Coptic Catholic Church) The Melkite Greek Catholic Patriarch of Antioch (Melkite Greek Catholic Church) The Maronite Patriarch of Antioch (Maronite Church) The Syriac Catholic Patriarch of Antioch (Syriac Catholic Church) The Chaldean Catholic Patriarch of Babylonia (Chaldean Catholic Church) The Armenian Catholic Patriarch of Cilicia (Armenian Catholic Church) These have authority not only over the bishops of their particular Church, including metropolitans, but also directly over all the faithful. Eastern Catholic patriarchs have precedence over all other bishops, with the exceptions laid down by the Pope. The honorary title prefixed to their names is "His Beatitude". Major archbishops Other autonomous particular Churches are headed by a major archbishop. The Syro-Malankara Catholic Church uses the title Catholicos for their major archbishop. With few exceptions, the authority of a major archbishop in his sui iuris Church is equivalent to that of a patriarch in his Church. This less prestigious office was established in 1963 for those Eastern Catholic Churches which have developed in size and stability to allow full self-governance if historical, ecumenical, or political conditions do not allow their elevation to a patriarchate. At present, there are four major archbishops: Latin Patriarchs There are also titular patriarchs in the Latin Church, who, for various historical reasons, were granted the title, but never the corresponding office and responsibilities, of "patriarch". They include the Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem, the Patriarch of Venice, the Patriarch of Lisbon, and the Patriarch of the East Indies. All of these offices are honorary, and the patriarchs are not the heads of autonomous particular Churches. The Patriarch of the East Indies is the archbishop of Goa, while the other patriarchs are the archbishops of the named cities. The title of Patriarch of the West Indies was in the past granted to some Spanish bishops (not always of the same see), but is long in abeyance. Cardinals Cardinals are princes of the Church appointed by the Pope. He generally chooses bishops who head departments