rifles into magazine-fed weapons. Legacy A large new factory building, completed in 1877, of the Finlayson & Co cotton mill in Tampere, Finland was named Plevna commemorating the battle and the Guard of Finland that took part. The 10 December 1977 celebration of the 100th anniversary of the Liberation of Pleven from Turkish rule included the opening of the Pleven Panorama museum in Skobelev Park, in the area of the Kovanlak redoubt – the site of one of the heaviest battles of the third attack on Pleven. The city of Plevna, Montana in the United States was given its name by Bulgarian immigrants building the railroad there in honor of the battle of Plevna. In other countries, there are five cities and towns named after Plevna, and there are eighteen Plevna streets in Britain alone. The communities of Plevna, Ontario and Plevna, Missouri were named after the battle. In popular culture In Ulysses, Leopold Bloom's father-in-law, Major Brian Cooper Tweedy, is said to have made his military mark at Plevna. The best-selling Russian detective novel The Turkish Gambit, the second book in the Erast Fandorin series, is set at the siege of Plevna. In 2005 a film of the same name was made. Book and film broadly follow the course of the actual battles, but attribute much of the blame for the Russian failures to a daring (fictional) Turkish spy. A famous Mehteran (Ottoman military band) piece "Osman Paşa Marşı" (Osman Pasha March) honors the courageous defense of the Plevna; and is one of the most well-known marches in Turkey. Under the Red Crescent by Charles Snodgrass Ryan, Australian Surgeon at the siege of Plevna, who later operated in the Gallipoli campaign and negotiated with his old friends for burial armistices. See also Battles of the Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878) Romanian War of Independence References Bibliography Murray, Nicholas. The Rocky Road to the Great War: The Evolution of Trench Warfare to 1914. Potomac Books Inc. (an imprint of the University of Nebraska Press), 2013. Murray, Nicholas. "Plevna, Siege of (20 July – 10 December 1877)," Russia at War, Timothy Dowling (ed.), ABC-CLIO, (December 2014). Compton's Home Library: Battles of the World CD-ROM George Marcu (coord.), Enciclopedia bătăliilor din istoria românilor, Editura Meronia, București 2011 External links The Siege of Pleven – scene from the Russian film The Turkish Gambit Enciclopediaromaniei.ro Militaryrifles.com Memorial Chapel to the Hero Grenadiers of Plevna (Moscow) Sieges