after WWII created a large amount of racial tensions. Many African Americans were forced to live in certain neighborhoods of the city. The Civil Rights Movement succeeded in making significant legal gains for African Americans and many other ethnic groups. However, there are still significant social tensions which still exist today. After the war, the African American population contributed significantly to the growing jazz culture in the Fillmore, with clubs, such as Jimbo's Bop City (ca 1950-1965), flourishing there. In addition, the trend of African American migration to the city and the district continued at a fast pace until it reached a peak of about 13 percent in the 1970s. However, during the 1970s the Fillmore District was at the forefront of the redevelopment effort going on in the city. Many people ascribe that this redevelopment led to the decline of the Fillmore district as a center for jazz and African Americans. Since redevelopment started in the 1970s, the African American population in San Francisco went from around 13 percent to just under 6 percent of the overall population in 2010. There appears to be no sign that the trend will reverse any time soon. Redevelopment and displacement After WWII, the city government began to grow increasingly wary of the supposed instability of the Fillmore District. In Lai Clement's article on the Fillmore district he stated that "At a 1948 public hearing, State Senator O’Gara noted that the Fillmore was the city's worst blighted area with metastasizing ramifications for the city's citizenry and other districts". Whether it really was or not is still up for debate. In general, the Fillmore District was seen as a district that was filled with poverty and in desperate need of remodeling. As a result, the city government of San Francisco established the San Francisco redevelopment agency (RDA) in order to spearhead the redevelopment effort. The city focused its efforts into two main redevelopment projects known as A-1 and A-2. The A-1 redevelopment project began in 1956 and lasted until 1973. A-1 Primarily focused on the Japan town side of the Fillmore and had the JCTC (Japanese Cultural and Trade Center) as its so called “center piece”. The project covered 28 city blocks, displaced around 8,000 people and destroyed 6,000 low renting housing units. The A-2 redevelopment project was started in 1966 and lasted until the end of the 1970s. This project spanned about 70