his reservations about Darwin's views. Crichton-Browne argued for a greater role for the higher cortical centres in the regulation of the emotional response, and touches on the theme of gender differences in emotional expression, anticipating the approach of sociologist Norbert Elias in The Civilizing Process. In 1905, Sir Arthur Mitchell, a psychiatrist who had served as William A.F. Browne's deputy in the Scottish Lunacy Commission, published About Dreaming, Laughing and Blushing, linking some of Darwin's concerns with those of psychoanalysis. Freud's early publications on the symptoms of hysteria (with his influential concept of unconscious emotional conflict) acknowledged debts to Darwin's work on emotional expression and Darwin's impact on psychoanalysis is discussed in detail by Lucille Ritvo. John Bowlby makes extensive reference to Darwin's ideas in his presentations of attachment theory. Constitutional (psychosomatic) theories of personality were elaborated by neurologist Paul Schilder (1886–1940) with his notion of the body image, by the psychiatrist Ernst Kretschmer and in the (now largely discredited) somato-typology of W H Sheldon (1898–1977). The biological aspects of the human emotions were further explored by Desmond Morris in his (richly illustrated) popular scientific book Manwatching, and recent research has confirmed that while cultural factors are critical in the determination of gesture, genetic factors are crucial to the formation of facial expression. In 2003, the New York Academy of Sciences published Emotions Inside Out: 130 Years after Darwin's The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals, a collection of 37 papers (edited by Paul Ekman) with recent research on the subject. See also Affect display Body language Book illustration Charles Darwin's health Emotion and memory Emotional intelligence Emotions in animals Evolution of emotion Facial expression Nonverbal communication Posture (psychology) References Sources External links . . . Free e-book versions: D. Appleton, New York, 1899 1872 books Books by Charles Darwin Books about emotions Books about mental health History of mental health in the United Kingdom Books about evolution Neuroscience books English-language books John Murray (publishing house) books