Harold Tafler Shapiro (born June 8, 1935) is an economist and university administrator. He is currently a professor of economics and public affairs at the Princeton School of Public and International Affairs at Princeton University. Shapiro served as the president of University of Michigan from 1980 to 1988 and as the president of Princeton University from 1988 to 2001. Biography Born to a Jewish family in Montreal, Quebec, Shapiro attended Lower Canada College, a prestigious independent school in Montreal which was at that time boys-only. He earned his B.Comm., with honors, from McGill University in 1956 and his Ph.D. from Princeton University in 1964, both in the field of economics. His doctoral dissertation was titled "The Canadian monetary sector: an econometric analysis." Shapiro's parents owned the famous Ruby Foo's in Montreal. After his father's untimely death, the restaurant was passed down to him and his twin brother, Bernard, who would later become the first Ethics Commissioner of Canada and 14th principal of McGill University. Shapiro managed the restaurant while studying economics at McGill University, where he also began graduate school until he moved to Princeton University. He joined the faculty of the University of Michigan as assistant professor of economics in 1964. He held a variety of academic and administrative appointments, including as chairman of its department of economics and vice-president for academic affairs, until his selection as president of that university in 1980. He was president of Michigan until he left to become president of Princeton University in 1988. As Princeton's president, Shapiro oversaw the largest increase in the university endowment in the history of the school. Shapiro was elected Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and a member of the American Philosophical Society in 1990. He announced his retirement from the presidency of Princeton in fall 2000 to take effect in June 2001. Shirley Tilghman, his successor, took office on June 15 of the following year. Shapiro continues to live in Princeton, and is professor emeritus in the departments of economics and public policy at the university. He is trustee emeritus of the Institute for Advanced Study. His present academic interests include bioethics, on which he writes extensively. Shapiro chaired the National Bioethics Advisory Commission during President Bill Clinton's second term. He also sits on the boards of a number of prominent ventures, including the for-profit HCA (founded by the Frist family, which donated the