other words, Cha creates a pathetic atmosphere in irony. Erotic narrations disclose the inequity in society and reveal Cha's strong resistance. What her goes through is shown in aesthetic forms that eulogize the female characteristics. In addition, her fragmented memories suggest her ambiguous Korean identity and inner loss. In all, her depictions are shaped by and shape genre. Structure and critical observations Dictee is organized into nine parts, a structure that arises from the nine Greek muses. These include Clio, Calliope, Urania, Melpomene, Erato, Elitere, Thalia, Terpischore, and Polymnia. The nine muses are the titles of nine chapters of Dictee. Cha's use of nine muses is derived from Hesiod, who first used them. But Cha's employment is a subversive revision because of her "feminist intervention and patriarchal order." The catalogue of nine muses Cha examines with nine women characters, vary widely from "Greek goddesses to a Korean shamanistic matriarch and from historical figures to fictional ones". The meaning of the muses is shown with nine women who all reject patriarchal roles and cannot have a voice for themselves for different reasons, because of unhappy marriage, exile, turbulence and immigration. At the end of chapter "POLYMNIA SACRED POETRY", Cha writes "Tenth, a Circle within a circle, a series of concentric circles"(Cha 175). Cha uses this image to describe how the women always come together and the child becomes the mother and the mother will have a child and it is like a circle, a life circle for women. At the same time, trauma from the mother's generation is always passed on to the next generation. So this circle is both physical and mental. The novel is mainly written in English and French, but some Korean and Chinese characters can be seen in the pictures posed to support the text. Unexplained Chinese characters as well as Korean words lead incomprehension visually and linguistically. Cha wants to keeps a realist ideal of equivalence and deliberately get rid of the sense of foreignness without extra translation, though these characters stand outside the textual order, instead, they create "self-contained diatinction and feeling of otherness". Cha didn't want to disturb readers’ reading experience by doing this—on the contrary, she wanted the readers to join her. The process of reading this book was to call on Korean people to resist the colony of Japan. So this book could be called a book with history of blood and