(1945-1953). In 1919, Korea active nationalists drafted and distributed a declaration of independence of Korea and planned a large demonstration of independence. To gather a large number of people into demonstration, they turned the funeral for King Kojong into a protest against Japanese. "Demonstrations supporting the declaration of independence quickly spread throughout the country. It is estimated that more than a million of Korea's 20 million people participated in street demonstrations." This movement is called March 1st Movement. Women and Children were beaten and killed by the police and soldiers. Yu Guan Soon, who was a student of Korea and an organizer of March 1 Movement. She "passed out copies of the declaration and led demonstrations in her hometown area south of Seoul. She was arrested, imprisoned, and tortured, and after a year she died in prison." Japan used a variety of policies to control and assimilate Korea since 1930s, especially through education policies. "In 1934 Ugaki introduced a new curriculum in Korean schools that featured increased instruction in Japanese language, ethics, and history. The new curriculum eliminated the study of Korean and the use of Korean in general instruction. Eventually, the colonial government would insist that only the Japanese language be used in all public offices, and by the 1940s all businesses and banks were forced to keep records exclusively in Japanese." After the end of World War II, Japan lost the war and control of Korea, Korea was free from Japanese occupation. However, Soviet and U.S. troops moved into Korea from north and south, they occupied Korea after Japan left. "The responsible bodies in Washington suggested to the President that the Japanese forces north of the 38th parallel surrender to the Soviet forces and those south of the 38th parallel surrender to the US forces. The two colonels who had prepared the decisions — one of them being the later Secretary of State Dean Rusk — had chosen the 38th parallel because it left the capital Seoul under US control.3 This line had already been mentioned in internal dis-cussions of the US military at Potsdam when they had envisaged the military occupation of Korea for the first time. The suggestion to choose the 38th parallel as dividing line became part of an instruction, approved by the Presi-dent, to General MacArthur, Commander-in-Chief of the Allied Forces. This instruction was also communicated to the British and Soviet government." "The 38th