and executed in 1932 after a show trial. These emergency measures did not improve the situation: there had been no real threat of a mass movement. This unrelieved crisis deepened discontent in Hungarian society, even among the political elite. The opposition demanded extension of the franchise, introduction of primary elections and the secret ballot, and more effective protection of wage earners, while the agrarian lobby demanded extension of markets and protection of farmers. These groups turned against the Prime Minister when they saw no actual results, and these failures led Bethlen to call for Károlyi's resignation in September 1932. Károlyi gladly followed this advice, as he had been hesitant from the first to be prime minister. He resigned on 21 September 1932, returning to his lands, and was succeeded by Gyula Gömbös. Later life After his prime ministership, he retired from active politics. He was a member of Horthy's inner advisory council, and became a secret advisor in 1936. During the Second World War he supported the policies of Miklós Kállay. Károlyi died in Budapest at the age of 75. References Múlt-kor Magyar Életrajzi Lexikon 1871 births 1947 deaths People from Baktalórántháza People from the Kingdom of Hungary Gyula Karolyi Prime Ministers of Hungary Foreign ministers of Hungary Finance ministers of Hungary Hungarian anti-communists Hungarian people of the Hungarian–Romanian War Lord-lieutenants of a county in Hungarian Kingdom