The One Thousand Children Before and during the Second World War, the Quakers, often working with the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee or Œuvre de secours aux enfants (OSE), helped in the rescue from Europe of mainly Jewish families of refugees, in their flight finally to America. But in some cases, only the children could escape—these mainly Jewish children fled unaccompanied, leaving their parents behind, generally to be murdered by the Nazis. Such children are part of the One Thousand Children, actually numbering about 1400. Quakers were nominated five times, starting from 1912, by the Nobel Peace Prize Committee for "...their pioneering work in the international peace movement and compassionate effort to relieve human suffering." Costa Rica In 1951 a group of Quakers, objecting to the military conscription, emigrated from the United States to Costa Rica and settled in what was to become Monteverde. The Quakers founded a cheese factory and a Friends' school, and in an attempt to protect the area's watershed, purchased much of the land that now makes up the Monteverde Reserve. The Quakers have played a major role in the development of the community. See also List of Quakers References Further reading Abbott, Margery Post et al. Historical Dictionary of the Friends (Quakers). (2003). 432 pp. Bacon, Margaret Hope. "Quakers and Colonization," Quaker History, 95 (Spring 2006), 26–43. . Barbour, Hugh, and J. William Frost. The Quakers. (1988), 412pp; historical survey, including many capsule biographies online edition Barbour, Hugh. The Quakers in Puritan England (1964). Benjamin, Philip. Philadelphia Quakers in an Age of Industrialism, 1870–1920 (1976), Braithwaite, William C. The Beginnings of Quakerism (1912); revised by Henry J. Cadbury (1955) online edition Braithwaite, William C. Second Period of Quakerism (1919); revised by Henry Cadbury (1961), covers 1660 to 1720s in Britain Brock, Peter. Pioneers of the Peaceable Kingdom (1968), on Peace Testimony from the 1650s to 1900. Bronner, Edwin B. William Penn's Holy Experiment (1962) Connerley, Jennifer. "Friendly Americans: Representing Quakers in the United States, 1850–1920." PhD dissertation U. of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 2006. 277 pp. Citation: DAI 2006 67(2): 600-A. DA3207363 online at ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Dandelion, Pink. The Quakers: A Very Short Introduction (2008). . Davies, Adrian. The Quakers in English Society, 1655–1725. (2000). 261 pp. Doherty, Robert. The Hicksite Separation (1967), uses the new social history to inquire who joined which side Dunn, Mary Maples. William Penn: Politics and Conscience (1967).