absolute majority against legalization. The low cost of a ticket leads many to consider the gambling relatively harmless, with no-one clearly suffering due to the practice. It is even often seen as a community activity. Due to the illegality of the game and the subsequent opaqueness and lack of a formal structure, a high degree of trust by the bettor in their kubrador is required. This trust is in part due to their being members of the community. Some inherit the job directly from their parents, while others are chosen due to already being a trusted member of the community. Such trust can lead to kubradors being relied on for other tasks, such as collecting donations for sick individuals. Trust is also required in the people running the particular jueteng game, lest bettors switch to another jueteng lord. If such a switch occurs, the new lords often hire the existing kubradors due to their existing integration into the communities. As there is no limit on how few or many bets can be taken in one game, and the odds of winning are more achievable than a traditional lottery but still long enough that a significant amount can be won, the game is very appealing to Filipinos living in poverty. While the payouts are not high, they can be extremely significant for those living in poverty. Jueteng is very important to the Filipino informal economy; Congress estimated the annual gross revenue of jueteng operators to be around in 2000. The estimated value of in 2010 exceeded the brought in by the government-run Philippine Amusement and Gaming Corporation. By 2019, this estimate had risen to , with operations earning up to of revenue daily in Luzon. Jueteng operators and their staff were estimated to number 400,000 in 2009. At one point, it was estimated that 20,000 people in San Fernando, Pampanga, alone derived their primary income from the game. Through commissions, a kubrador may earn up to daily. Some even take 10% of winnings. Jueteng has spread to Filipino communities in Italy. Similar games While Jueteng is mostly popular in Luzon, a related numbers game, played predominately in Visayas and Mindanao, is known as masiao. Masiao originally was played based on radio broadcasts announcing the winning players in jai alai. However, as jai alai's popularity has waned, illegal masiao operators now often base their winning numbers on the official ones announced by