alien is not limited to natural humans because what are colloquially called foreign corporations are technically called alien corporations. Because corporations are creations of local state law, a foreign corporation is an out-of-state corporation. There are a multitude of unique and highly complex U.S. domestic tax laws and regulations affecting the U.S. tax residency of foreign nationals, both nonresident aliens and resident aliens, in addition to income tax and social security tax treaties and Totalization Agreements. "Alienage," i.e., citizenship status, has been prohibited since 1989 in New York City from being considered for employment, under that town's Human Rights legislation. Other jurisdictions Arab states In the Gulf Cooperation Council (United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Oman, Bahrain, and Qatar), many non-natives have lived in the region since birth. However, these Arab states do not easily grant citizenship to non-natives. Most stateless Bedoon in Kuwait belong to indigenous northern tribes. Latvia On Latvian passports, the mark nepilsoņi (alien) refers to non-citizens or former citizens of the Soviet Union (USSR) who do not have voting rights for the parliament of Latvia but have rights and privileges under Latvian law and international bilateral treaties, such as the right to travel without visas to both the European Union and Russia, where latter is not possible for Latvian citizens. See also Alien land laws Alien Tort Statute California Alien Land Law of 1913 Gaijin Laowai Persona non grata Unaccompanied Alien Children Notes and references This article in most part is based on the law of the United States, including statutory and latest published case law. External links Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment Biden seeks to replace 'alien' with less 'dehumanizing term' in immigration laws (NBC News, Jan. 22, 2021) Aliens - International Law - Oxford Bibliographies (24 July 2013) The rights of non-citizens, UN OHCHR, 2006 Council of Europe Commission for Democracy through Law Report on noncitizens and minority rights, 2007 D. C. Earnest Noncitizen Voting Rights: A Survey of an Emerging Democratic Norm, 2003 University of Minnesota Human Rights Center: Study Guide: The Rights of Non-Citizens, 2003 UK Aliens' registration cards on The National Archives' website. American legal terminology Expatriates Human migration Immigration law Nationality People by legal status Strangers United States immigration law