of the colonies in Italy. These reforms, however, were not as successful due to massive unpopularity in the Italian provinces. By 118 BC the sales limits and redistribution efforts had been abolished, and by 111 BC the laws were standardized, confirming the positions of many owners in Italy about their large tracts of land. See also Agrarian reform Latifundium References Further reading For a more detailed discussion of public land disposal in ancient Rome, see This cite as authorities: Niebuhr, History of Rome (English translation), ii. p. 129 foll. (Cambridge, 1832) Becker, Handbuch der römischen Alterthümer, iii. 2, p. 142 (Leipzig, 1843) Marquardt, Römische Staatsverwaltung, i. p. 96 foll. (Leipzig, 1881) Madvig, Verfassung und Verwaltung des römischen Staates, ii. p. 364 foll. (Leipzig, 1882) External links The Avalon Project: Agrarian Law The Roman Law Library, incl. Leges Roman law Land law