2014, total expenditure on health reached 4.7% of GDP, i.e. $267 per capita. Australia In Australia, public hospitals are operated and funded by each individual state's health department. The federal government also contributes funding. Services in public hospitals for all Australian citizens and permanent residents are fully subsidized by the federal government's Medicare Universal Healthcare program. Hospitals in Australia treat all Australian citizens and permanent residents regardless of their age, income, or social status. Emergency Departments are almost exclusively found in public hospitals. Private hospitals rarely operate emergency departments, and patients treated at these private facilities are billed for care. Some costs, however (pathology, X-ray) may qualify for billing under Medicare. Where patients hold private health insurance, after initial treatment by a public hospital's emergency department, the patient has the option of being transferred to a private hospital. According to the World Health Organization, in 2014, total expenditure on health reached 9.4% of GDP, i.e. $4,357 per capita. Europe United Kingdom In the UK, public hospitals provide health care free at the point of use for the patient, excluding outpatient prescriptions. Private health care is used by less than 8 percent of the population. The UK system is known as the National Health Service (NHS) and has been funded from general taxation since 1948. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), in 2014, total expenditure on health reached 9.1% of GDP, i.e. $3,377 per capita. France In France, there are public and private hospitals. Public hospitals are managed by a board of directors and have their own budget. Since there is social insurance for everyone in France, people almost do not have to pay for medical interventions. So, the purpose of public hospital in France is to heal everyone, participate in public health actions, participate in university teaching and research, ... It must guarantee equal access for all to health care. All services provided by public hospitals in France can be grouped in 4 categories: Health care, Prevention, Education and training, Research. Public hospital is mainly financed by employees contributions and health insurance, all of which is public money. Some important laws and reforms made public hospitals what it is nowadays in France : 1996 reform : Creation of « regional hospitalization agencies » to plan and control;Inclusion of users representatives on the board of directors. 2005 reform : Creation of an executive council;Simplification of the internal organization, highlighting «