work) the right to perform or display the work publicly the right to sell or assign these rights to others the right to withdraw the work from circulation the right to challenge any infringement of the work (see Article 8 of the Jordanian Copyright Law No.22 for the year 1992 and its amendments) An infringement on a copyright typically occurs when one or more of the copyright holder's rights are utilized by others without the authorization of the copyright holder. Compulsory licensing The Jordanian Minister of Culture has the right to assign a nonexclusive, non-assignable license to Jordanian nationals for either of two purposes: translation and publication of a foreign work to the Arabic language, provided that no such translation was made by the author within three years form the work's initial publication publication of a work for sale at a lower or equal price as similar works offered for sale in Jordan Compulsory licensing is only granted for uses tied to education, and in all cases the author of the original work remains entitled to just compensation. (see Article 11 of the Jordanian Copyright Law No. 22 for the year 1992) Copyright protection Authors/copyright holders whose copyrights have been infringed have the right to receive just compensation. When determining such compensation the courts take a number of elements into account such as the author's cultural standing, the value of the work as such, the value of the work in the market place and the extent to which the infringing party has profited from the exploitation of the work. In addition the author (or the heirs or legal successors) may request that the courts take measures to: halt the infringement confiscate the infringing work, its reproductions, copies or any other material used in the reproduction destroy the work's reproductions or copies. confiscate the revenues resulting from the copyright infringement In instances of counterfeiting or the utilization of an author's exclusive right without authorization, the infringing party may be subject to criminal penalties in the form of imprisonment for a period not less than three months and not more than three years and a fine not less than one thousand Jordanian Dinars and not more than three thousand Jordanian Dinars. See also List of parties to international copyright treaties External links Jordanian copyright law as of 2001 from UNESCO Jordan Copyright