the status but not the title of a junwang (second-rank prince). In 1884, he was made Prince Qing of the Second Rank, and was subsequently promoted to Prince Qing of the First Rank in 1894. In 1908, the Prince Qing title was given "iron-cap" status, which meant that the next bearer would be a qinwang (first-rank prince) by default. He was posthumously honoured as Prince Qingmi of the First Rank (慶密親王). Zaizhen (1876–1947), Yikuang's eldest son, held a second class zhenguo jiangjun title from 1894 to 1901 and a beizi title from 1901 to 1917, held the title Prince Qing of the First Rank from 1917 to 1947, posthumously honoured as Prince Qingzhen of the First Rank (慶貞親王) Puzhong (溥鍾), Zaizhen's eldest son, held the title of a buru bafen fuguo gong Purui (溥銳), Zaizhen's second son, held the title of a buru bafen fuguo gong Zaifu (載𢱿), Yikuang's second son, held the title of a second class zhenguo jiangjun from 1906 to 1908, held the title of a buru bafen fuguo gong from 1908 to 1935 Family tree See also Royal and noble ranks of the Qing dynasty References Qing dynasty princely peerages Peerages of the Bordered White Banner