This not only holds up the bladder but also compresses the bottom of the bladder and the top of the urethra, further preventing leakage. Peri/trans urethral injections A variety of materials have been historically used to add bulk to the urethra and thereby increase outlet resistance. This is most effective in patients with a relatively fixed urethra. Blood and fat have been used with limited success. The most widely used substance, gluteraldehyde crosslinked collagen (GAX collagen) proved to be of value in many patients. The main downfall was the need to repeat the procedure over time. Artificial urinary sphincter Another procedure to treat incontinence is the use of an artificial urinary sphincter, more used in men than in women. In this procedure, the surgeon enters and wraps the cuff of the artificial urinary sphincter around the urethra, in the same manner a blood pressure cuff wraps around your arm. The device includes a pump implanted under the skin that, when pressed by the patient, loosens the cuff, allowing for free urination. After that, the artificial sphincter automatically regains its pressure, closing the urethra again, and providing proper continence. Acupuncture No useful studies have been done to determine whether acupuncture can help people with stress urinary incontinence. See also Pelvic organ prolapse Artificial urinary sphincter Urinary incontinence Pelvic floor Kegel Exercises References External links Urinary incontinence