cosmic inflation proposed 1981 - Fractional quantum Hall effect discovered 1983 - Simulated annealing 1984 - W and Z bosons directly observed 1984 - First laboratory implementation of quantum cryptography 1987 - High-temperature superconductivity discovered in 1986, awarded Nobel prize in 1987 (J. Georg Bednorz and K. Alexander Müller) 1989-98 - Quantum annealing 1993 - Quantum teleportation of unknown states proposed 1994 - Shor's algorithm discovered, initiating the serious study of quantum computation 1994-97 - Matrix models/M-theory 1995 - Wolfgang Ketterle: Bose–Einstein condensate observed 1995 - Top quark discovered 1995-2000 - Econophysics and Kinetic exchange models of markets 1998 - Accelerating expansion of the universe discovered by the Supernova Cosmology Project and the High-Z Supernova Search Team 1998 - Atmospheric neutrino oscillation established 1999 - Lene Vestergaard Hau: Slow light experimentally demonstrated 21st century 2000 - Quark-gluon plasma found 2000 - Tau neutrino found 2001 - Solar neutrino oscillation observed, resolving the solar neutrino problem 2003 - WMAP observations of cosmic microwave background 2004 - Isolation and characterization of graphene 2007 - Giant magnetoresistance recognized (Nobel prize, Albert Fert and Peter Grünberg) 2008 - 16-year study of stellar orbits around Sagittarius_A* provides strong evidence for a supermassive black hole at the centre of the Milky Way galaxy 2009 - Planck begins observations of cosmic microwave background 2012 - Higgs boson found by the Compact Muon Solenoid and ATLAS experiments at the Large Hadron Collider 2015 - Gravitational waves are observed 2016 - Topological order - topological phase transitions and order - recognized (Nobel prize, David J. Thouless, F. Duncan M. Haldane and J. Michael Kosterlitz) 2019 - First image of a black hole See also Physics List of timelines References Theoretical physics History of science Fundamental Discoveries