Wales is permitted anywhere provided it is not done with the intention to cause harassment, alarm or distress. Naturism was excluded from the Sexual Offences Act 2003 (SOA) for England and Wales, under Section 66. Police and the Crown Prosecution Service were not adequately informed, and any report of nudity was then prosecuted under Section 5 of The Public Order Act 1986. The Equality Act 2010 gave Naturists a protected status and use of the Public Order Act route was defeated in the courts in 2013. Some laws target naturism. In the U.S. State of Arkansas, nudism is illegal beyond the immediate family unit, even on private property. It is also a crime to "promote" or "advocate" nudism. Photography The American Association for Nude Recreation (AANR) issues a (US specific) photo release form to allow people to give permission for the publication of photos of themselves or their children. Children The enforcement of child protection laws can result in officials being concerned about the possibility of child abuse in social nudity situations. In the United States, Child Protective Services (CPS) may investigate even if no laws have been allegedly broken. Although such incidents are rare among its members, the AANR has an attorney on hand to assist. Many private nudist venues require that one or both parents, including absent parents, be consulted regarding the documentation of their minor children. This may also include situations with partial custody, stepchildren, etc. Diversity Age As of 1998, many naturist and nudist clubs in the US had few young members. However, in France the number of younger naturists was increasing during the 2010s. Ethnicity Organized social nudity usually attracts more people of European ethnic backgrounds. This may be due to it becoming a social movement in Europe, before spreading to other parts of the world. Other reasons include the fact that most resorts are located far from the cities, and have done little to promote themselves to those of non-European ethnic backgrounds. If someone is from an ethnicity whose recent ancestors had no problem with public nudity (parts of Africa, Asia, pre-European Americas, Australia, and the Pacific Islands), it might be thought of as being "primitive" by modern standards, and lacking in social status. (i.e. "Only the poorest of the poor would go about without clothing.") This contrasts with the more Western attitude that nudity and sexuality are related, but nonetheless causes them to