unclear exactly how many businesses are involved in the 88 Queensway Group with over 30 companies registered to the same address with operations throughout Sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America, Southeast Asia and the United States. Pa's involvement is often not listed in any company documents, but in a common offshore company formation practice he lists the woman believed to be his wife, Veronica Fung, as director in his place. Veronica Fung is listed as Director for at least 24 companies, including CIF and China Sonangol. Alongside Veronica Fung, Pa is also aided by the husband and wife team, Lo Fung Hung and Wang Xiangfei, who also hold directorships on a number of Queensway businesses. Despite their titles of Director, Lo and Wang have been described as "puppets" controlled by Pa. As head of the China International Fund, Pa has traveled to a number of countries meeting high-ranking officials and Presidents. Some noteworthy inclusions are his connections to Angolan President José Eduardo dos Santos, Zimbabwean President Robert Mugabe, Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez, Argentinean President Cristina Fernández de Kirchner and Guinean Prime Minister Jean-Marie Dore. It is also believed the Pa and CIF have business connections in Tanzania and Madagascar. Often Pa begin State level relationships at a time when a country is experiencing domestic troubles. For example, on 28 September 2009, 150 unarmed pro-democracy Guinean protestors were massacred by Guinean government troops - a week later CIF negotiated a US$7 billion deal with the regime. A similar situation occurred in Madagascar following a coup. It is thought that Pa, through CIF and its associated companies, has committed upwards of US$20 billion in investment funds, mainly in unstable African dictatorships. One particular political connection Pa tries to keep quiet is that of his connections to the Chinese State. Commentators have stated that Pa and CIF's programmes "must have been approved by the Chinese Government". CIF and Sam Pa are positioned as a key interface in the relationship between the Angolan and Chinese states and the control of Angolan resources - all Angolan oil contracts for the Chinese State company Sinopec are controlled by CIF. One of Pa's "puppet" directors, Wang Xiangfei, was previously a director of the China Everbright Group and currently is a non-executive director of China International Trust and Investment Company (CITIC Group), both state-owned companies in the People's Republic of China. Both China Everbright and CITIC are believed to be