victims of violent crime and aided in 9 arrests. In addition to assaults, the system detected a large amount of "random" gunfire, all totaling 50 gunshots a week in 2007. Based on the system's success, the police department decided to expand the program to cover nearly a quarter of the city. As of 2016, detection systems were deployed to a number of cities, including Baltimore, Maryland Bellwood, Illinois; Birmingham, Alabama; Boston; Canton, Ohio; Cambridge, Massachusetts; Chicago; Hartford;<ref>"Gunshot Detection System Will Soon Cover All Of Hartford", Hartford Courant, March 28, 2016</ref> Kansas City; Los Angeles; Milwaukee; Minneapolis; New Bedford, Massachusetts; Oakland; Omaha; San Francisco; Springfield, Massachusetts; Washington, D.C.; Wilmington, North Carolina; New York City; Integration with cameras that point in the direction of gunfire when detected is also implemented. As of 2014, utility sites in the USA use 110 systems. San Antonio, Texas discontinued its $500,000 ShotSpotter service, after finding it had only resulted in four arrests. In August 2017, the United States Secret Service began testing the use of gunshot detection technology to protect the White House and the United States Naval Observatory. Military and defense Determination of the origin of gunfire by sound was conceived before World War I where it was first used operationally. Early sound-based systems were used primarily for large weapons. Weapons detection and location systems and counter-sniper systems have been deployed by the US Department of Defense as well as by the militaries of other countries. Acoustic threat-detection systems include the Unattended Transient Acoustic MASINT Sensor (UTAMS), Serenity Payload and FireFly, which were developed by the Army Research Laboratory. Wildlife poaching In South Africa's Kruger National Park, gunfire locators are being used to prevent rhino poaching.South Africa tries gunfire location system to catch rhino poachers Open Gunshot Detectors Soter gunshot locator project is a community effort that uses open source hardware, cloud technology, machine learning, and 3D printing to build inexpensive gunshot detectors capable of locating and classifying gunfire in urban, public, and school spaces within seconds. Fish Bombing Stop Fish Bombing USA, a project under the fiscal sponsorship of Earth Island Institute, has adapted ShotSpotter technology with hydrophones to combat fish bombing on coral reefs in Sabah, Malaysia. See also Boomerang (countermeasure) – gunfire locator by BBN and DARPA Counter-sniper tactics Counter-insurgency Notes External links "From acoustic detection to data fusion" "Creating a ‘Fire Alarm’ for Terror Attacks", Wall Street Journal'', November 23, 2015.