1943, during Operation Crosspoint, Rome was bombed again, more heavily, by 521 Allied planes, with three targets, causing thousands of civilian casualties (estimates range between 1,600 and 3,200 victims). After the raid, Pius XII, along with Msgr. Montini (the future Pope Paul VI), travelled to the Basilica of Saint Lawrence outside the Walls, which had been badly damaged, and distributed 2 million lire to the crowds. Between 11 a.m. and 12 noon, 150 Allied B-17 Flying Fortresses attacked the San Lorenzo freight yard and steel factory. In the afternoon, the second target was the "Scalo del Littorio" on the northern side of Rome. The third target was the Ciampino Airport, on south-east side of Rome. August 13, 1943 Three weeks later, on August 13, 1943, 310 Allied bombers again bombed the city, targeting San Lorenzo and Scalo del Littorio. The surrounding urban districts were also badly hit, and 502 civilians were killed. September 17, 1943 55 USAAF bombers attacked the Ciampino Airport. September 18, 1943 Ciampino was attacked again, this time by 35 bombers. October 23, 1943 73 RAF bombers attacked the Guidonia Air Base. November 22, 1943 Ciampino was bombed by 39 RAF aircraft. November 28, 1943 Ciampino was bombed again, by 55 RAF aircraft. December 28, 1943 Ciampino and Guidonia were bombed by the 12th USAAF. January 13, 1944 USAAF bombers attacked the Guidonia and Centocelle airfields. January 19, 1944 147 USAAF bombers attacked the Guidonia and Centocelle airfields, but the surrounding city was also hit. January 20, 1944 197 USAAF bombers attacked the Guidonia and Centocelle airfields, but the surrounding city was also hit. March 3, 1944 206 USAAF bombers attacked the Tiburtino, Littorio and Ostiense marshalling yards; these were hit but so were the surrounding urban districts, with 400 civilian deaths. March 7, 1944 149 USAAF bombers bombed the Littorio and Ostiense marshalling yards, hitting both their objectives and the city. March 10, 1944 The 12th USAAF bombed the Littorio and Tiburtino marshalling yards, but bombs fell also on the city, killing 200 civilians. March 14, 1944 112 USAAF bombers attacked the Prenestino marshalling yard; the objective was hit, but the surrounding districts also suffered damage, with 150 civilian casualties. March 18, 1944 The 12th USAAF bombed Rome, causing 100 civilian casualties. This was the last major air raid over Rome. Bombing of Vatican City Vatican City maintained an official policy of neutrality during the war.