1936. In 1941 he went into retirement. After the collapse of Manchukuo in 1945, Chang went into hiding in Tianjin, but was discovered, tried and executed for treason by the People's Republic of China in 1949 in Beijing. Sources Boycott, Bloodshed & Puppetry From TIME magazine Oct. 26, 1931 Jowett, Phillip J., Rays of the Rising Sun Vol 1., Helion & Co. Ltd. 2004. 1867 births 1949 deaths Republic of China Army generals Executed Chinese collaborators with Imperial Japan People of Manchukuo People from Yingkou Generals from Liaoning Generals of Manchukuo