moderately animated. It is structured in a modified bar form, like a song. The music has been described as almost improvisational and jazzy. It is full of chromaticism, and has been described as "ironic and voluptuous in character" and "capricious and choppy in speech", with Spanish elements. The first section consists of three motifs, with cello music reminiscent of a guitar. Its varied repetition uses flexible tempos. A contrasting section, marked Vivace (lively) in 3/8 time, uses extended cello techniques such as flautendo and flutter. It is followed by a shortened repeat of the varied section, with the music disintegrating, leading to the final. The third movement is in D minor and 2/4 time, marked (in French) as lively and nervous. It is in a modified rondo form. The refrain has been described as "frankly attacking". The first couplet is in Spanish style. After a modified refrain, a second couplet uses an element from the refrain in a slower tempo and marked molto rubato con morbidezza. The third version of the refrain leads to a coda marked appassionato ed animando (passionate and animating). The work closes with abrupt chords. Recordings The Cello Sonata has been recorded often, played in recitals for cello and piano or in collections of Debussy's chamber music. In 1961, Mstislav Rostropovich and Benjamin Britten played it in concert at the Aldeburgh Festival in a concert for the premiere of Britten's Cello Sonata; They subsequently recorded all pieces on the program, playing Debussy's work with "a heightened sense of expressiveness". The Cello Sonata was recorded in 1991 by cellist François Guye and pianist Pascal Rogé together with the other two late sonatas. A reviewer from Gramophone noted that Guye played "sensitive nuances" and Rogé provided spontaneity and "the requisite spirit of caprice" in the second movement. It was recorded by cellist Edgar Moreau and pianist Bertrand Chamayou in 2017 in a collection of chamber music including the three late sonatas. References Cited sources External links * Compositions by Claude Debussy Cello sonatas 1915 compositions