ABC model to create three columns across each of the two rows), Gilbert identified six variables which he believed were necessary to improve human performance: information, resources, incentives, knowledge, capacity, and motives. Gilbert called this 2x3 matrix his Behavior Engineering Model (BEM). Gilbert believed that it was absence of performance support at work, not an individual's lack of knowledge or skill, that was the greatest barrier to exemplary performance. Therefore, he believed it was most necessary to focus on variables in the work environment before addressing variables at the individual level. Gilbert's work has created much of the organizing framework upon which the International Society for Performance Improvement (ISPI) is based. The ISPI award the Thomas F. Gilbert Distinguished Professional Achievement Award, previously called the Outstanding Member and Distinguished Professional Achievement, that was renamed in 1996 in honor of Gilbert. Ogden Lindsley's memoriam to Gilbert appeared in ABAI's The Behavior Analyst in 1996. Published works Gilbert, T. F. (1978, 2007). Human competence: Engineering worthy performance. Publication of the International Society for Performance Improvement. San Francisco, CA: Pfeiffer. References External links International Society for Performance Improvement 1927 births 1995 deaths 20th-century American psychologists University of South Carolina alumni University of Tennessee alumni 20th-century American non-fiction writers