the Erwiana Sulistyaningsih case as isolated, and its labour minister pledged to increase regulation, enforcement and employment-agency inspections. It has conducted several raids on migrant workers accused of not living at their employer's residence. However, Robert Godden of Amnesty Asia-Pacific said: "The specifics, many of the factors leading to the abuse [of Erwiana], can be applied to thousands of migrant domestic workers: underpayment, restrictions on movement; you can see that she was heavily indebted by the illegal recruitment fees charged by the agency, and you can see that she didn't know how to access justice." In 2014, the Labour Department prosecuted an employer who allegedly abused Rowena Uychiat during her nine-month employment. In March 2016, an NGO, Justice Centre, reported its findings that deemed one domestic worker in six in Hong Kong to have been forced into labour. It criticised the government for being in denial that Hong Kong is a source, destination and transit area for human trafficking and forced labour, and said Hong Kong lags behind other countries in having a comprehensive set of laws and policies to tackle forced labour or trafficking. The government declared mandatory vaccination for helpers after cases of Covid-19 variants were discovered in late April, but reversed the decision in May following criiticisms from labour organisations of discrimination against these workers whereas other foreign workers were not forced to vaccinate. See also Indonesians in Hong Kong Filipinos in Hong Kong Thais in Hong Kong Southeast Asian Hongkongers Hong Kong–Philippines relations References External links Hong Kong Domestic Helpers Campaign Helpers for Domestic Helpers United Filipinos in Hong Kong (UNIFIL-HK) Hong Kong society Demographics of Hong Kong Domestic workers of Hong Kong Women's rights in Hong Kong