an am ha'aretz is one who has children and does not train them in the knowledge of the Law. Jonathan contradicted the general opinion of earlier and contemporaneous rabbis that a ben sorer umoreh ("rebellious son"; Deuteronomy 21:18-21) never was and never will be executed, and that the ir nidachat never did and never will occur; he declared that he himself had sat on the grave of an executed rebellious son and had seen a ruined ir nidachat. Quotes Jonathan was the author of many aphorisms, among them: He that observes the Torah in poverty shall in the end observe it in wealth; and he that neglects the Torah in wealth shall in the end neglect it in poverty. The angry man is controlled by many and variegated manifestations of hell. Consoling the mourner, visiting the sick, and practical beneficence bring heavenly grace into the world. References Its bibliography: W. Bacher, Ag. Tan. ii. 351 et seq.; N. Brüll, Mebo ha-Mishnah, i. 153; Z. Frankel, Darke ha-Mishnah, p. 146; Heilprin, Seder ha-Dorot, ii.; Weiss, Dor, ii. 126. Mishnah rabbis 2nd-century rabbis Pirkei Avot rabbis