style of fast and loopy techno electronic music characterised by harsh abrasive machine-like sounds. Emerging in the 1990s, Chris Liebing was at the helm of its development. Krautrock is a distinct style of progressive rock and electronic music emerging from Germany in the 1960s and 70s. Reacting against commercial and mainstream Anglo-American rock, Krautrock was cemented in a cultural foundation of taking control of their collective destiny away from the memory of Nazi dictatorship. Bands, Faust, Guru Guru, Can and Neu!, parodied traditional rock tropes and experimented with electronic collages, tape manipulations, monotonous rhythms and mystical atmospheres to create avant-garde music. Krautrock enjoyed significant popularity in 1973 as bands including Kraftwerk and Amon Düül II toured outside Germany. Other styles related to German electronic music include Digital Hardcore, Minimal, Berlin School of electronic music and Düsseldorf School of electronic music. Cultural significance The underground subculture of German electronic music is argued to be where the first social reunification took place. Dance entrepreneurs in Schöneberg and Kreuzberg organised House parties, with DJ WestBam and putting on acid house in the club UFO and co-founding the electronic festival, Love Parade, in 1989. Following the fall of the Berlin Wall and the ensuing transitory period of legal uncertainty, growth in the network of illegal techno parties in the East exploded. From unused factories, derelict bunkers, empty sections adjacent to the Wall's remains, youth fused with techno music to form what is argued the first form of social reunification in Germany. These basement places, like Tekknozid and UFO, developed into legendary clubs, including Tresor and E-Werk. Without a curfew, Berlin's clubs and bars did not close. Queer culture thrived at venues like Metropol and tourists from Europe and internationally flew in, known as 'Easy Jet ravers', to participate in Berlin's explosive rave culture of techno, drugs, fashion and excess. Furthermore, German electronic music contributed into the 21st century's globalised trend of electronic dance music and fusion into modern pop. In the 1990s, increasing commercialisation and the unifying tendencies of globalisation and local islands of cultural creativity, of which Berlin was key, helped form the explosive popularity of modern popular electronic music. German electronic music contributed to a global transition of electronic music from underground art to an international phenomenon, with festivals such as Love Parade, Winterworld and MayDay gaining prominence alongside raves and clubs. German electronic artists Funker Vogt is a German electronic-industrial musical