Newland () Ernest Newman Francis William Newman George Newnes John Nichol (biographer) John Pringle Nichol William Nicholson (chemist) Christoph Friedrich Nicolai Barthold Georg Niebuhr Andrzej Niemojewski Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche Ferdinand Jacobus Domela Nieuwenhuis Florence Nightingale Ludwig Noiré Theodor Nöldeke Max Simon Nordau "F. Nork" ( see this) "Christopher North" Charles Eliot Norton Yakov Novikov () Rufus King Noyes () Christen Anton Nyström ( see :sv:Anton Nyström) O James Bronterre O'Brien Arthur Condorcet-O'Connor George Odger Hans Christian Ørsted Bernardo O'Higgins Lorenz Oken Josiah Oldfield () Giacomo Omboni () Julius (Jules) Oppert Alfred Richard Orage Johann Caspar von Orelli José María Orense Milá de Aragón Herrero Arnold Edward Ortmann William Osler Sarah Margaret Fuller Ossoli Wilhelm Ostwald Eugen Oswald Felix Leopold Oswald ( see s:Felix Leopold Oswald) John Oswald (activist) "Ouida" (Marie Louise de la Ramée) Harry Allen Overstreet Richard Overton (Leveller) Robert Owen Robert Dale Owen P Jean Paul (Johann Paul Friedrich Richter) Edward John Pilcher () R Ra Carl Rabl Alfred Nicolas Rambaud Marie Louise de la Ramée "Ouida" Santiago Ramón y Cajal William Ramsay William James Ramsey () Arthur Ranc Mario Rapisardi François-Vincent Raspail Samuel Kerkham Ratcliffe Albrecht Rau () Henry Creswicke Rawlinson Guillaume Thomas François Raynal Carveth Read William Winwood Reade Élie Reclus Jean Jacques Élisée Reclus Paul Reclus Mario Reghillini () Albert-Adrien Regnard ( see :fr:Albert Regnard) Michel-Louis-Étienne Regnaud de Saint-Jean d'Angély George Archdall O'Brien Reid Johann Christian Reil Hermann Samuel Reimarus Joseph Reinach Salomon Reinach Théodore Reinach Ernst Christian Gottlieb Reinhold Karl Leonhard Reinhold John Eleazer Remsburg Charles François Marie, Comte de Rémusat Jean-Pierre Abel-Rémusat Paul Louis Étienne Remusat Henriette Renan () Joseph Ernest Renan Georges François Renard () Charles Bernard Renouvier Karl Gustav Reuschle ( see :de:Karl Gustav Reuschle) Marie Roch Louis Reybaud Jean Ernest Reynaud Charles B. Reynolds () Cecil John Rhodes John Rhys Charles Ribeyrolles ( see :fr:Charles Ribeyrolles) Alexandre-Félix-Joseph Ribot Théodule-Armand Ribot David Ricardo Giuseppe Napoleone Ricciardi ( see :it:Giuseppe Ricciardi (1808)) Benjamin Ward Richardson Jean Richepin Charles Richet Johann Paul Friedrich Richter Thomas 'Clio' Rickman Aloys Adolf Riehl Eugenio Rignano David George Ritchie Gustave Rivet ( see :fr:Gustave Rivet) José Rizal Ro Matilda Roalfe Isaac Roberts Morley Roberts R. Roberts () George Croom Robertson John Mackinnon Robertson Eugène de Robert y de la Cerda () Maximilien François Marie Isidore de Robespierre Charles-Philippe Robin Édouard Charles Albert Robin () Jean-Baptiste-René Robinet Jean-François Eugène Robinet Henry Crabb Robinson Louis Édouard Rod François Auguste