the sub-páramo from the adjacent cloud forests; the remainder are occasional visitors. The páramo is home to one amphibian, the mushroom-tongue salamander (Bolitoglossa pesrubra), and two reptiles, the montane alligator lizard (Mesaspis monticola) and green spiny lizard (Sceloporus malachiticus). Another 16 species of reptiles and amphibians inhabit the sub-páramo dwarf forests. 71 insect species are recorded in the páramo, with Lepidoptera as the order with the most species. The most abundant species are the moth Gonodonta pyrgo, the leafhopper Hortensia similis, and the bumblebee Bombus ephippiatus. Protected areas All of the Costa Rican páramo is in protected areas. Chirripó National Park, established in 1975, protects Costa Rica's largest area of páramo on Cerro Chirripó (3,819 m) and surrounding peaks. La Amistad International Park, established in 1982, protects the páramo on peaks extending southeastward from Cerro Chirripó, including as Eli, Dúrika, and Kamuk in Costa Rica and Fábrega, Itamut, and Echandi in Panama. Tapantí–Macizo Cerro de la Muerte National Park protects the páramos of Buenavista massif. Irazú and Turrialba national parks protect the páramo on the Irazú and Turrialba volcanoes in the Cordillera Central. References External links Data Sheet on La Amistad Biosphere Reserve Páramos Montane grasslands and shrublands Ecoregions of Costa Rica Ecoregions of Panama Grasslands of Costa Rica Grasslands of Panama Natural regions Ecoregions of Central America Neotropical ecoregions IUCN Red List of Ecosystems