men to an electorate of 1,057,000 in England and Wales. 4 September – Sheffield Wednesday F.C. are founded at the Adelphi Hotel in Sheffield. 24–28 September – First of the Lambeth Conferences held. October – Thomas Barnardo opens his first shelter for homeless children, in Stepney. 12 October – End of penal transportation, as the last convict ship, the Hougoumont, departs from Portsmouth on an 89-day passage to Western Australia. 62 Fenians are among the transportees. 6 November – National Society for Women's Suffrage, the first such national campaign group, is formed by Lydia Becker. 8 November – An underground explosion at Ferndale Colliery in the Rhondda kills 178. 23 November – The three 'Manchester Martyrs' are hanged in Salford for the murder of a policeman whilst attempting to rescue two Irish Republican Brotherhood members from imprisonment on 18 September. 28 November – Opening of Baylis' Royal Colosseum Theatre and Opera House, Glasgow, which becomes the Theatre Royal, Glasgow in May 1869. 13 December – Clerkenwell explosion at Clerkenwell Prison during a Fenian escape attempt; 12 local residents are killed. Undated Autumn/Winter – Wasps Rugby Football Club formed in London. Factories Act Extension Act passed. Artizans, Labourers & General Dwellings Company formed. Henry Enfield Roscoe isolates vanadium. Formal rules for boxing, prohibiting bareknuckle fights, drawn up under the patronage of the Marquis of Queensbury. Clarence M. Leumane writes the song "The Lambton Worm". Publications Matthew Arnold's lyric poem Dover Beach. Walter Bagehot's treatise The English Constitution (in book form). Henry Ramsden Bramley and John Stainer's hymnal Christmas Carols, Old and New, 1st series. Rhoda Broughton's novel Cometh Up as a Flower. Ouida's novel Under Two Flags. Anthony Trollope's novels The Last Chronicle of Barset and Phineas Finn (serialisation). Births 8 January – Thomas Coward, ornithologist (died 1933) 28 January – Agnata Butler, née Ramsay, classical scholar (died 1931) 4 February – Alexander Godley, general (died 1957) 27 February – Nina Boucicault, actress (died 1950) 15 March – Lionel Johnson, poet (died 1902) 10 April – George William Russell (Æ), Irish-born nationalist, poet and artist (died 1935) 13 April – Sammy Woods, cricketer (died 1931) 3 May J.T. Hearne, cricketer (died 1944) Caroline Martyn, Christian socialist and trade unionist (died 1896) 26 May – Mary of Teck, consort of George V (died 1953) 27 May – Arnold Bennett, novelist (died 1931) 2 June – William Goodenough, admiral (died 1945) 17 June