churches, and participants in the movement soon found themselves outside existing religious bodies. They were forced to seek their own places of worship, and soon there were hundreds of distinctly Pentecostal congregations. After Charles Parham—an unordained former Methodist Episcopal supply pastor—began promoting the idea that speaking in tongues was the initial evidence of the baptism in the Spirit around 1901, he began to attract a considerable following, which he loosely organized as the Apostolic Faith Movement in 1906; prior, he established a Bible school in Kansas and invited "all ministers and Christians who were willing to forsake all, sell what they had, give it away, and enter the school for study and prayer" leading to the Bible and Parham as sole instructor (or the Holy Spirit's mouthpiece). However, with the rise of the Azusa Street Revival in Los Angeles, California, and an accusation of sodomy against him in 1907, he lost and never recovered his influence. After renouncing Parham, the severely weakened Apostolic Faith Movement regrouped around Howard A. Goss, L. C. Hall, D. C. O. Opperman, and A. G. Canada. They were later joined by Eudorus N. Bell, previously a Southern Baptist minister. The Apostolic Faith Movement had its strength in the rural areas of Kansas, Texas, Arkansas, Oklahoma, and Missouri. In Pentecostalism's early years, organizational affiliation was fluid, and many ministers of the Apostolic Faith Movement, which was a white organization, were also licensed by Charles Harrison Mason's predominantly African American Church of God in Christ. In 1907, Goss had received a license to preach from Mason's group, and he claimed that Mason had given him permission to issue ministerial credentials under the Churches of God in Christ name for the "white work". By 1910, the name "Churches of God in Christ" was seen as a more biblical name and began to be preferred over "Apostolic Faith". The Apostolic Faith Movement played a leading role in organizing and institutionalizing Pentecostalism in the Midwest and Southwest and from 1909 to 1912 absorbed smaller Pentecostal groups. It also established relationships with Pentecostal missions in the Midwest. The Midwestern Pentecostal movement centered around the Stone Church, pastored by William Piper, and the North Avenue Mission, pastored by William Howard Durham, both in Chicago, Illinois. Durham was the lead promoter of the Finished Work doctrine which, in time, the Apostolic Faith Movement would adopt and in doing so discard the Wesleyan view