forward a theory in his work The Age of Arthur (1973) that the Cornovii from the West Midlands migrated to Cornwall about 460 AD. Morris suggested that a contingent was sent to Dumnonia to rule the land there and keep out the invading Irish, seeing that a similar situation had occurred in North Wales. Morris's theory is not generally accepted by modern scholarship: Philip Payton, in his book Cornwall: a history (2004), states "...the Morris thesis is not widely accepted by archaeologists and early historians, and we may safely conclude that the Cornovii located west of the Tamar were an indigenous people quite separate from their namesakes in the Midlands and Caithness." The extreme western peninsula of Dumnonia came to be known as "Cernyw" in Welsh, "Kernow" in Cornish and "Kernev (Veur)" in Breton. The modern English name Cornwall arises from the Old English word for Brittonic-speakers, wealas, being suffixed onto a borrowed form of the Brittonic place-name. History Since the western Cornovii are only known from one inferred mention in antiquity, nothing is known for certain of their history. They were part of the Dumnonii, the tribe whose lands, known as Dumnonia, extended from Cornwall through Devon and included parts of Somerset and Dorset. For details of the people who lived in the area after the withdrawal of the Romans. After the passing of the Roman period they re-appeared in 430 AD as a sub-dukedom of Dumnonia until early in the 9th century. In 838 the Cornish in alliance with Vikings were defeated by the West Saxons at the Battle of Hingston Down. This was the last-recorded battle between the Cornish and Wessex, and resulted in the loss of Cornish independence. Settlements The Dumnonii had no known tribal centre, and although Ptolemy's Geography lists four places as Dumnonian poleis: Voliba, Tamara, Uxella and Isca Dumnoniorum (present-day Exeter), it is likely that he only listed Roman places, and not purely native settlements. Of these four, there has been speculation that Voliba might be a place in Cornwall, and Tamara is assumed to be on the River Tamar, now the border between Cornwall and Devon. In 2008 in the parish of Calstock the remains of a Roman fort was excavated, this is thought to be the place of Tamara, as it is the closest fort to the River Tamar. Ptolemy's list is supplemented by the problematical Ravenna Cosmography, which lists sixteen