character of the 'Lindeman' Piano has also gained largely, for Mr. Henry Lindeman, freed from business responsibility, has been able to devote himself to the improvement of the instrument with undivided interest." According to the figures based on serial numbers presented by piano historian Cyril Ehrlich in The Piano: A History, the firm produced about 600 pianos a year; their own advertisements in New York city newspapers concentrated on sales of used pianos. The Lindeman Piano Company first appeared in Cincinnati directories in 1891, listed at 151 West Fifth street, with H. Lindeman president, and G. H. Lindeman vice president and F. Lindeman treasurer; their advertisements offered pianos and organs and stated "established 1836." George Lindeman reportedly left the firm in 1895 to join piano manufacturers Smith & Nixon, also of Cincinnati, but he is listed in 1896, with Herman, as a member of H. Lindeman & Son, at 210 West Seventh street. In 1896 Otto Grau & Co., agents for Lindeman & Sons in Cincinnati, sued to enjoin H. Lindeman & Son, doing business as The Lindeman Piano Co. from claiming to have connections with the former firm. The court overruled a demurrer by the defendants and found in favor of the plaintiffs, and although The Music Trade Review reported that in its opinion the stencilled words "The Lindeman Piano Co. Cincinnati" could not deceive a prospective purchaser, but that it was deceptive to represent that the two firms were the same, and H. Lindeman & Son was enjoined from selling pianos as previously labelled. By 1899, H. Lindeman & Son is listed offering pianos and bicycles; they are listed at 206 West Seventh street the following year. In June 1895 Wheelock & Co. sold their interest in Lindeman & Sons. Norris was elected president, N. S. King vice president and Samuel G. Lindeman, secretary and treasurer, and between them they controlled the entire capital stock of the company. By 1897 Lindeman & Sons' factory was at the corner of 147th street and Brook avenue, and warerooms at 143 W. 125th street. It was headed by Norris, who would remain with the firm until his retirement in 1916, and N. S. King; Henry Lindeman was superintendent of the factory, but his son Samuel G. Lindeman (b. March 24, 1869) was the firm's secretary and treasurer. King died in 1898 Alfred Dolge described that Samuel G. Lindeman had followed "a