Gun howitzer NORA (, tr. Top — haubica NORA; NORA acronymic for , tr. Novo oruđe artiljerije, "New Artillery Tool") is a Yugoslav and Serbian 152mm and 155mm gun-howitzer developed by the Military Technical Institute (MTI) for the Yugoslav People's Army, Serbian Army, and export. Gun howitzer NORA has three basic versions (M-84, M-84B1, M-84B2), and is usually towed by a FAP 2026 BS/AV truck. Development After producing domestic howitzer M65 155 mm based on the US M114 155 mm howitzer, the Yugoslav People's Army was not satisfied with the maximum range of that gun, and the other existing artillery weapons at disposal. Decisions were made to start domestic production of new large caliber guns. The construction documentation of 152 mm towed gun-howitzer M1955 (D-20) as well as several D-20 guns were bought from the Soviet Union. Dissatisfied with the range of both the US 155mm and the Soviet 152mm gun, and considering the lack of desired features, a number of specifications were defined with characteristics that a new domestic gun-howitzer should have: range with unassisted projectile of 24 km (155mm howitzer M65 had range 14,9 km, and 152mm gun D-20 had range of 17,4 km) new extended range ammunition (28 to 34.5 km) ability to fire all types of old ammunition for 152mm gun D-20 wider elevation range (from -5° to +65°) rate of fire of minimum 4, achieved by development of new semi-automatic wedge-type breach mechanism (155mm howitzer М65 has rate of fire of only 1 to 2 rpm) Three versions of NORA were designed: NORA-A 152mm gun howitzer with 39 caliber barrel NORA-B 152mm self-propelled gun with 45 caliber barrel based on FAP 2832 as carrier NORA-C 152mm auxiliary power unit gun howitzer with 45 caliber barrel — parts of this project was planned to be used with a new 203mm gun named "KOLOS" with a maximum range of more than 50 km that was not realized due to a lack of funds Work on the NORA project began in 1975, and in May 1980, the first prototype of NORA-A was sent to the Technical Testing Center. In 1984, the development was completed and NORA-A, designated as M-84 NORA, was accepted by the Yugoslav People's Army. In 1989, the M-84 powder chamber was redesigned, the mass of the gun was reduced, and the gun was renamed M-84B1. The M-84B2 version is fitted with a pneumatic loader which