wren (Thryorchilus browni), black-faced solitaire (Myadestes melanops), black-billed nightingale-thrush (Catharus gracilirostris), sooty thrush (Turdus nigrescens), black-and-yellow silky-flycatcher (Phainoptila melanoxantha), long-tailed silky flycatcher (Ptiliogonys caudatus), golden-browed chlorophonia (Chlorophonia callophrys), sooty-capped bush tanager (Chlorospingus pileatus), sooty-faced finch (Arremon crassirostris), yellow-thighed finch (Pselliophorus tibialis), yellow-green finch (Pselliophorus luteoviridis), large-footed finch (Pezopetes capitalis), golden-bellied flycatcher (Melozone leucotis), volcano junco (Junco vulcani), wrenthrush (Zeledonia coronata), flame-throated warbler (Oreothlypis gutturalis), black-cheeked warbler (Basileuterus melanogenys), collared whitestart (Myioborus torquatus), black-thighed grosbeak (Pheucticus tibialis), blue-and-gold tanager (Bangsia arcaei), spangle-cheeked tanager (Tangara dowii), peg-billed finch (Acanthidops bairdi), slaty flowerpiercer (Diglossa plumbea), and dusky nightjar (Antrostomus saturatus) are endemic or near-endemic to the ecoregion. At least 7 amphibian species are endemic to the Cordillera including the splendid poison frog, Chiriquí fire salamander (Bolitoglossa cathyledecae), and Cordillera Talamanca salamander (Bolitoglossa sooyorum). Conservation and threats The Talamancan montane forests are one of Central America's most intact ecoregions, although the oak forests in particular have been cleared for pasture and charcoal making. 62% of the ecoregion is protected by national and international parks, including La Amistad Biosphere Reserve, Chirripó National Park, Barbilla National Park, Braulio Carrillo National Park, Volcán Poás National Park, Irazu Volcano National Park, Volcán Barú National Park, Cerro Hoya National Park, Rincón de la Vieja National Park, and the Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve. References External links La Amistad Biosphere Reserve: Data Sheet Ecoregions of Central America Ecoregions of Costa Rica Ecoregions of Panama Forests of Costa Rica Forests of Panama Montane forests Neotropical tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests