Osman Waqialla (, b.1925−4 January 2007), was a 20th century Sudanese painter and calligrapher, noted for his creative use of Arabic letter forms in his artworks, thereby integrating African and Islamic cultural traditions into the contemporary art of Sudan. This use of Arabic calligraphy as a modern, non-religious graphic form places Waquialla within the Arabic art movement that became known as the Hurufiyya movement. Life and career Waqialla was born in Rufa'a, in Central Sudan, Al Jazirah state on the banks of the Blue Nile. He graduated from the School of Design, Gordon Memorial College, Khartoum, Sudan in 1945. In 1946, he received a scholarship and moved to England to join Camberwell School of Arts and Crafts in London and finished his studied in 1949. Later he moved to Cairo, Egypt, where he trained as a calligrapher under the master Sayyid Muhammed Ibrahim (died 1994) at the Cairo School of Arabic Calligraphy. During his time at Camberwell School of Art and Crafts, London, and the School of Arabic Calligraphy, Cairo, Waqialla explored the expressive and compositional possibilities of Arab calligraphic form in his paintings. He thus became one of the first artists to free Arab calligraphy from its historical relationship with the sacred Islamic texts and to propose it as a veritable resource for Modernist art. At the time, this was a revolutionary idea. After completing his studies, he moved back to Sudan at the beginning of the 1950s, where he taught at the College of Fine and Applied Art. In the early 1960s, some of Waqialla’s students at this college, such as Ahmed Mohammed Shibrain (b. 1931), Ibrahim el-Salahi (b. 1930) and Tag el-Sir Ahmed (b. 1933) joined in the task of creating a new Sudanese modernist art movement, the Khartoum School. From 1954 to 1964, he also worked in his Studio Osman for graphic design, that was known as a meeting place for artists and intellectuals in Khartoum. Apart from his paintings, he wrote poetry and articles about culture. In 1956, he designed the first banknotes of the newly independent state. In 1967, he moved back to London and worked as a consultant calligrapher for the firm of banknote makers De La Rue. - Two years after his final return to Sudan in 2005, he died on 4 January 2007, aged 81. Work and context in 20th century art from Sudan Waqialla was part of a group of