The Glosas Emilianenses (Spanish for "glosses of [the monastery of Saint] Millán/Emilianus") are glosses written in the 10th or 11th century to a 9th-century Latin codex. These marginalia are important as early examples of writing in a form of Romance similar to Spanish, and in Basque. The anonymous author is generally assumed to have been a monk at the monastery now known as Suso ("the upper one"), one of the twin monasteries of San Millán de la Cogolla (now in La Rioja, Spain, then in the Kingdom of Navarre). He wrote about a thousand years ago in three languages: A simplified version of Latin The medieval form of a Hispanic Romance language (traditionally regarded as Castilian or Old Spanish, but now most often classified as Navarro-Aragonese or a related dialect); Medieval Basque The Glosses were formerly considered to include the first instances of early Spanish. However, in November 2010, the Real Academia Española declared that the first appearances of written Spanish can be found in the Cartularies of Valpuesta, documents in Latin from the province of Burgos which predate the glosses. Text The codex is known as Aemilianensis 60 (Aemilianus is Latin for Emilian, "Millán" or "Emiliano" in modern Spanish). It is a compilation of several Latin codices, including Verba seniorum, Passio martyrum Cosmae et Damiani, Sermones beati Augustini. Some of the marginalia are grammar notes, others are additions and others, glosses. Location of the Glosas Emilianenses The codex was preserved at San Millan in the monastery library at Yuso (the lower re-foundation of the monastery). The place where it was produced is uncertain (M. C. Díaz y Díaz proposes the Pyrenees), but it is often assumed to be San Millán. The vernacular language in the region is now Spanish, but there are still some Basque place-names nearby, e.g. Ezcaray, which suggest that the inhabitants were Basque speaking in the past. The significance of the glosses was recognised in the early twentieth century when the manuscript was brought to the attention of the philologist Ramón Menéndez Pidal. The manuscript's current location since 1951 is the Real Academia de la Historia in Madrid. Romance glosses There is still some debate as to whether the Iberian Romance language of the glosses should be classed as an early form of Castilian or of Aragonese, although some recent studies show that most features belong indeed to the latter. It is not the only text