protect Californians from fracking to a bill that actually gave away important protections to oil companies." Some environmentalists promised not to rest until fracking is banned completely. Oil industry representatives also criticized the bill as too restrictive. City bans Several cities within California are working toward banning or placing strict restrictions on hydraulic fracturing. The two cities most actively fighting hydraulic fracturing are Los Angeles and Beverly Hills. Los Angeles is working toward a moratorium on hydraulic fracturing and Beverly Hills has banned the process altogether. Beverly Hills, which is built above the Beverly Hills Oil Field, has become the first California Municipality to effectively ban hydraulic fracturing. On April 21, 2014, the city council met and members voted unanimously to ban hydraulic fracturing in their city. Along with members in the Beverly Hills' council, there were also anti-fracking representatives from other cities hoping to achieve similar outcomes. Environmentalists conclude that there is no safe way to frack and that the process can lead to air and water pollution, as well as an increase in earthquakes. For these reasons, fracking needs to be banned not just regulated. The second and final vote to enact the ban on hydraulic fracturing was held on May 6. The vote was again unanimous, and Beverly Hills became the first city in California to actively ban the technique for extracting natural gas and oil. There were no official plans to implement hydraulic fracturing in Beverly Hills, but the process was taking place in surrounding areas in Los Angeles county. The ban will take effect on June 6. Moratorium on permits In 2014, a court order forced BLM officials to prepare a "more thorough analysis of potential impacts of hydraulic fracturing" in California. BLM agreed to hold off on any new oil and gas lease sales in that area until completion of the analysis. The final BLM report in 2019 "found no adverse impacts of hydraulic fracturing that could not be alleviated," a conclusion which was disputed by several state officials and groups, who argued the analysis was flawed. Governor Gavin Newsom pledged during his 2018 campaign to tighten state oversight of fracking and oil extraction. In July 2019, Newsom fired California's top oil and gas regulator after learning the state had increased fracking permits by 35% since Newsom took office in January, angering environmental groups. California had 263 pending fracking permits by November 2019 but