Idiopathic cases are usually treated via endoscopic balloon dilation, and dilation may be improved by injecting corticosteroids. It is also the safest and main treatment in pregnant women. It allows dilation via noninvasive measures such as expanding a balloon catheter via ventilation. Prognosis The condition frequently recurs after dilation. The prognosis after surgery is good if it is done carefully to avoid complications. Epidemiology The condition has decreased in frequency over time, due to improved management of people on a ventilator. The condition occurs in around 1% of endotracheal tube users. References External links Congenital disorders of respiratory system Larynx disorders Rare diseases