being ill-clad and wet in freezing temperatures. It may be that they died from the effects of the exploration weather. One such extensive exploration in which the John and Edward Tilley are named as having taken part began on Wednesday, 6 December 1620 in freezing weather using the ship's shallop – a light, shallow-water boat with oars and sails navigated by two pilots and crewed by a master gunner and two sailors. The Pilgrims on board for this expedition, in addition to the Tilleys, were John Howland, Stephen Hopkins and his servant Edward Doty. Senior members on the expedition included John Carver, William Bradford, militia captain Myles Standish and Edward Winslow. The number of persons on this exploration was less than half of a prior expedition due to many having been felled by illness. As was recorded: "...very cold and hard weather... in which time two were sick... the gunner also sick unto death.." This exploration would not turn out well for the English in their first encounter with Indians as they found that slow-firing muskets were no match for rapid-fire arrows. This Indian challenge to the Pilgrims was later known as the "First Encounter." John Tilley and his wife Joan both died the first winter, as did his brother Edward and his wife Ann. The only Tilley surviving from the Mayflower was John's thirteen-year-old daughter, Elizabeth, who went on to marry John Howland and raise a large family. Family and children John Tilley married Joan (Hurst) Rogers, widow of Thomas Rogers (no relation to the Mayflower passenger of that name) on 20 September 1596 at Henlow in Bedfordshire. Joan Hurst was the younger daughter of William Hurst, and was baptised on 13 March 1567/8 at Henlow making her a little older than John. Joan came to the marriage with a daughter Joan, born of her marriage to Thomas Rogers, whom she married on 18 June 1593. Joan was baptised 26 May 1594, and Rogers seems to have died shortly afterwards. Child of Joan (Hurst) and Thomas Rogers Joan Rogers was baptised on 26 May 1594. There is no further record and she may have died young, likely sometime after her mother's 1596 marriage to John Tilley. Updated from Bedfordshire local parish records, Joan Rogers relocated to the county town of Bedford. Joan Rogers married Edward Hawkins 27 June 1620 in Bedford, Bedfordshire, England where they continued to live and