Dunera the pale and emaciated refugees were transported through the night by train west of Sydney to the rural town of Hay in central New South Wales. Back in Britain relatives had not at first been told what had happened to the internees, but as letters arrived from Australia there was a clamour to have them released and heated exchanges in the House of Commons. Colonel Victor Cazalet, a Conservative MP said, on 22 August 1940: Churchill reportedly regretted the hasty deportations, especially of those who had been seeking Britain's aid. A fund of £35,000 (equivalent to £ million in ) was set up to compensate the Dunera passengers for the loss of their belongings. While interned in Australia, the internees set up and administered their own township with Hay currency (which is now a valuable collectors’ item) and an unofficial "university." When the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor in 1941, the prisoners were reclassified as "friendly aliens" and released by the Australian Government. About a thousand volunteered to join the Australian Military Forces and, having shown themselves to be "dinkum", were offered residency at the end of the war. Almost all the rest made their way back to Britain, many of them joining the armed forces there. Others were recruited as interpreters or into the intelligence services. Notable transportees Among the transportees on the Dunera were: Joseph Asher, rabbi philosophers Kurt Baier and Peter Herbst; Giovanni Baldelli, Italian anarchist theorist Felix Behrend, mathematician Boaz Bischofswerder, rabbi and composer, and his son Felix Werder, composer author Ulrich Boschwitz (pen name John Grane); theoretical physicist Hans Buchdahl and his engineer (later philosopher) brother Gerd; research scientist F. W. Eirich; Engineering Professor Paul Eisenklam; Walter Freud, grandson of Sigmund Freud; Heinz Henghes, sculptor Helmut Gernsheim, photographer economist Fred Gruen; Walter Kaufmann, writer Wolf Klaphake, the inventor of synthetic camphor; art historian Ernst Kitzinger; Johannes Matthaeus Koelz / John Matthew Kelts, artist; nuclear physicist Hans Kronberger; the tenor Erich Liffmann; Martin Löb, mathematician furniture design partners Fred Lowen (born Fritz Karl Heinz Lowenstein) and Ernst Roedeck. artist Ludwig Hirschfeld Mack; composer Ray Martin (born Kurt Kohn); Henry Mayer (lawyer), Author and Professor of politics at the University of Sydney Hans Joseph Meyer, teacher at Bunce Court School in Kent, Richard Sonnenfeldt, a German-born Jew who would serve as the chief interpreter for the American prosecution at the post-war Nuremberg trials. Franz Stampfl, later the