a sharp increase in the number of universities across the globe that offer English Taught Programmes (ETPs), that is degree courses which are taught through the medium of English, though these universities are located in countries where English is not an official language. This phenomenon, generally known as English-medium instruction, is seen as part of the internationalization process that many universities are pushing. There is a growing body of research literature on this phenomenon which explores issues such as the development of EMI in different countries, reasons for the spread of EMI, lecturers' and students' beliefs about EMI, learning gains in terms of English proficiency and the effect on learning academic subjects through English. It is now also recognized that teaching EMI is not the same as teaching in the shared mother tongue, and some specialized guides and handbooks are now available for teachers. The spread of EMI has also been criticized and contested in many countries and in the research literature. It has led to concerns about the quality of education, its impact on student learning, accessibility to education and its impact on linguistic diversity and social justice. Despite its rampant spread, EMI's effect on improving student proficiency of English is still an under-investigated phenomenon in research literature, although a few handbooks and research volumes are available that propose innovative ways of addressing the problems of EMI and exploiting its strong points. EMI in Europe In Europe there has been a sharp increase in the number of ETPs in the 21st century. According to Wachter and Maiworm's study, there were just 725 English-taught programs in 2001, 2,389 in 2007 and in their 2014 study the number had risen to 8,089. Although there may be some problems with the study and the numbers may not be entirely accurate, there has been an exponential increase in the last 20 years. The country with the highest number of ETPs is the Netherlands (1,078 in 2014), though the growth (39.3%) has been below the European average. Although there has been a considerable growth in the number of ETPs, largely at Master's level, it is a minority of students (less than 2%), that are actually enrolled in ETPs. EMI in Asia China A number of universities are involved English-medium education by International Scholarly Exchange Curriculum program (ISEC program). ISEC program establishes a platform for those universities to communicate with other international institutions who use