Xingde ("Punishment and Virtue") describe De as a mantic function related to the sexagenary cycle and the astronomical notion of the Nine Palaces (). Notes References Balfour, Frederic J., The divine classic of Nan-Hua : being the works of Chuang Tsze, Taoist philosopher. With an excursus, and copious annotations in English and Chinese . Shanghai, Hongkong : Kelly & Walsh, 1881. , reprinted in Emerson, John H. "The Highest Virtue is like the Valley," Taoist Resources 3.2, 1992, pp. 47–61. Nivison, David S. The Ways of Confucianism. Chicago: Open Court Press, 1996. Reprinted as Wang, Huaiyu. "A Genealogical Study of De: Poetical Correspondence of Sky, Earth, and Humankind in the Early Chinese Virtuous Rule of Benefaction." Philosophy East & West, Volume 65, Number 1, January 2015, 81–124. External links Seal and bronze scripts for , Richard Sears The Evolution of the Concept of De in Early China Wang Huaiyu, "A Genealogical Study of De'': Poetical Correspondence of Sky, Earth, and Humankind in the Early Chinese Virtuous Rule of Benefaction". Open PDF at Georgia College. Chinese culture Chinese philosophy Confucian ethics Taoist philosophy Buddhism in China Virtue