Mota (formerly Sugarloaf Island) is an island in the Banks group of northern Vanuatu, with a population of about 700. Name The name Mota is an adaptation of the local name M̄ota . Cognates in other Torres-Banks languages include Mwotlap Am̄ot , Vera'a M̄ō'o , and Vurës M̄ot . They are all derived from a form *mʷota in Proto-Torres-Banks, referring to the island. The form is possibly cognate with Proto-Polynesian *motu "island", from Proto-Oceanic *motus "broken off, detached". The same root is found in Mota Lava, the name of an island north of Mota ‒ etymologically, "big Mota". Geography Mota is located 18 km south of Mota Lava and 12 km east of Vanua Lava, the second-largest island in the Banks archipelago. The slightly oval island has a length of 5 km and has an area of 9.5 km². Mota is formed by an extinct, basaltic volcano, which reaches an altitude of 411 m above sea level in Mount Tawe. The island is surrounded by a fringing reef, and its steep coast makes it difficult to land on from boats. The climate on the island is humid tropical. The average annual rainfall exceeds 3500 mm. Mota is prone to frequent earthquakes and cyclones. History Mota was discovered by the Portuguese navigator Pedro Fernández de Quirós who served for the Spanish expedition on 25 April 1606 and named it Nuestra Señora de la Luz (Our Lady of Light). The island is famous because its language was used by the first missionaries in Melanesia. For the better part of a century from 1849, most teaching in classrooms and schools of all kinds, and most prayers and hymns from Isabel in the Solomons all the way through Pentecost in Vanuatu were done in the language of this small island. Some Mota words are still known throughout the Melanesian archipelago, e.g. tasiu (brother, taken here in the religious sense of "member of a brotherhood" i.e. the Melanesian Brotherhood) The famous missionary John Coleridge Patteson lived on Mota, in the village of Veverao. The first Melanesian priest, Father George Sarawia, was from Mota, and the first Christian baptisms and Eucharist and Confirmations were there. Mota is generally held to be the first Melanesian island to have become Christian, though missionary work began a year later than on Aneityum. Population 683 people live on Mota in coastal villages around the island. The names of the villages