John Monro of Bearcrofts (1670–1740) was a Scottish surgeon who was the progenitor of the Monro dynasty of anatomists in Edinburgh. He is credited with conceiving and playing a major role in founding the University of Edinburgh Medical School. He served as Deacon (President) of the Incorporation of Surgeons of Edinburgh. Medical education John Monro was the third son of Sir Alexander Monro (1629–1704) of Bearcrofts, commissary of Stirling. He was initially apprenticed on 8 April 1687, to the Edinburgh surgeon William Borthwick of Pilmuir (1641–89), the first in the Edinburgh Incorporation of Surgeons to have an international perspective, having studied at Padua, Italy and at Leiden, Holland. Borthwick's Leiden education and his appointment in 1679 as Chirurgeon Major to the Army in Scotland, both influenced his young apprentice. From 1689, Monro served as an apprentice to Dr Christopher Irvine who had obtained a medical degree abroad. Monro matriculated at the University of Leiden in Holland on 11 October 1692. While studying there he attended the lectures of Archibald Pitcairne from Edinburgh who had been appointed Professor of Physic. Military career In 1694, he returned home and married his cousin, Jean Forbes, granddaughter of the first Duncan Forbes of Culloden. On 7 March 1695 he was commissioned Surgeon in General Sir Henry Belasyse's 22nd Regiment of Foot. During that spring the regiment served in the Netherlands and were in camp between Bruges and Ghent. Later in that year, they took part in the Siege of Namur under the personal command of King William III of Great Britain. From 1696 to 1700 Monro was stationed in England and in Ireland but he appears to have been given long periods of leave which enabled him to set up a house with his wife in London and it was there that his son, Alexander Monro was born in 1697. In 1700, Monro left the army and settled in Edinburgh. Surgical career As a necessary prerequisite to practising surgery, he opened an apothecary's shop then became a burgess of the city on 19 August 1702. He was admitted to the Incorporation of Surgeons on 11 March 1703, having passed the necessary examinations. Monro was elected as Boxmaster (Treasurer) from 1708 to 1710 and was elected Deacon (President) in 1712. This gave him an ex officio seat on Edinburgh Town Council and later that year he was elected Deacon of the Edinburgh Convenery of Trades,