which conducted theoretical, laboratory, rocket, and satellite studies of the physical and chemical processes controlling the mesosphere, thermosphere, exosphere and ionosphere of the Earth and equivalent regions of the atmospheres of other planets. The Wave Propagation Laboratory at Boulder, Colorado, which sought to develop new methods for remote sensing of the geophysical environment, with a special emphasis on the propagation of sound waves and of electromagnetic waves at millimeter, infrared, and optical frequencies. The Institute for Telecommunications Science in Boulder, Colorado, which served as the central U.S. Government agency for research and services in the propagation of radio waves, the radio properties of the Earth and its atmosphere, the nature of radio noise and electromagnetic interference, information transmission and antennas, and methods for the more effective use of the radio spectrum for telecommunications. The Research Flight Facility in Miami, Florida, which outfitted and operated aircraft specially instrumented for research and made aerial environmental measurements for ESSA and other groups. Environmental Data Service Under ESSA, the National Data Center was renamed the Environmental Data Service (EDS). In 1966, ESSA transferred the U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey's Seismology Data Centers to Asheville, North Carolina, where they merged with the U.S. Weather Bureau's National Weather Records Center to create ESSA's Environmental Data Center. United States Weather Bureau Under the 1965 reorganization, the United States Weather Bureau became subordinate to ESSA. It retained its identity as the U.S. Weather Bureau while under ESSA. It was renamed the National Weather Service (NWS) in 1970. National Environmental Satellite Center The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) began weather satellite programs in 1958, and ESSA inherited these upon its creation in 1965. ESSA's National Environmental Satellite Center worked jointly with NASA to develop weather satellite capabilities. It managed the first operational U.S. polar orbiting weather satellite system, known as the Television Infrared Observation Satellite (TIROS) Program. These satellites, launched between 1960 and 1965 and known as TIROS 1 through 10, were the first generation of American weather satellites. These early satellites carried low-resolution television and infrared cameras. Designed mainly to test the feasibility of weather satellites, TIROS proved to be extremely successful. Four were still operating when ESSA was established in 1965. TIROS paved the way for the more advanced weather satellites of the TIROS Operational System (TOS). The ESSA National Environmental Satellite Center worked jointly with NASA to deploy the new TOS satellites, which constituted an