and 5000 years according to scientific research. Traditional dishes Adobo de chancho: Pork, turmeric, ground garlic, vinegar, and salt. Aguadito de mariscos: Rice stew with vegetables with shellfish and some shrimps. Ají de gallina: A chicken stew made with cream, cheese, aji (hot pepper), and peanuts. Anticuchos: Grilled brochettes of beef heart, macerated in vinegar and aji panca (hot pepper). Aji de langostinos: Prawns in a bread crumb and aji amarillo (hot pepper) sauce, green pepper too. Arroz con pato a la Chiclayana: Tender duck meat cooked in black beer and cilantro. Aguadito de pollo: a traditional chicken soup in Peruvian cuisine consisting of chicken, cilantro, vegetables and spices. Carapulcra: Boiled dehydrated potatoes made into a stew with pork and chicken, aji panca and mirasol (hot peppers), garlic, and other spices. Cau-cau: Cow stomach stew with potatoes, turmeric, and parsley. Sometimes served with peas. Causa rellena: Mashed yellow potatoes seasoned with lime and aji (hot pepper), and filled with tuna or chicken. Ceviche: Raw fish filet cut into pieces and marinated in key lime juice, onions, and aji limo. Pachamanca: Variety of meats, potatoes, lima beans and humitas cooked in the pre-Hispanic style (on hot stones buried into the ground) and seasoned with aromatic herbs. Papa a la Huancaína: Yellow potatoes with a spicy, creamy sauce Rocoto Relleno: Rocoto (hot pepper) without veins stuffed with chopped beef, eggs, peas, carrots, cheese, milk, and potatoes. Music Peruvian music has Andean, Spanish, and African roots. In pre-Hispanic times, musical expressions varied widely from region to region; the quena and the tinya were two common instruments. Spanish conquest brought the introduction of new instruments such as the guitar and the harp, as well as the development of crossbred instruments like the charango. African contributions to Peruvian music include its rhythms and the cajón, a percussion instrument. Peruvian folk dances include marinera, tondero and huayno. See also Demographics of Peru Peruvian Americans Peruvian migration to the United Kingdom Peruvians in France Peruvian Mexicans Peruvians in Spain Inca Empire Hispanics Gallery References Bibliography South American people by nationality