Margaritinae was moved to Turbinidae from Trochidae. This family consists of five following subfamilies according to Williams et al. (2008): Turbininae Rafinesque, 1815 - synonyms: Senectinae Swainson, 1840; Imperatorinae Gray, 1847; Astraliinae H. Adams & A. Adams, 1854; Astraeinae Davies, 1935; Bolmidae Delpey, 1941 Skeneinae W. Clark, 1851 - synonym: Delphinoideinae Thiele, 1924 (upgraded to the rank of family Skeneidae) Margaritinae Thiele, 1924 - tribes are sensu taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005) - upgraded to the rank of family Margaritidae tribe Margaritini Thiele, 1924 - synonym: Margaritinae Stoliczka, 1868 (inv.) tribe Gazini Hickman & McLean, 1990 tribe Kaiparathinini Marshall, 1993 Tegulinae Kuroda, Habe & Oyama, 1971: upgraded to the rank of family Tegulidae Kuroda, Habe & Oyama, 1971 Prisogasterinae Hickman & McLean, 1990 The following subfamilies (sensu Bouchet & Rocroi (2005) classification of subfamilies in Turbinidae) were kept in Turbinidae: Moellerinae Hickman & McLean, 1990 - Moelleria was not included in the molecular studies performed in 2010. † Moreanellinae J. C. Fischer & Weber, 1997 Distribution Turbinids occur in shallow and deep waters. The family has a large distribution, from the tropics to the polar regions, but most of the species live in tropical and subtropical shallow waters. Genera Genera in the family Turbinidae include: Not belonging to any subfamily Phanerolepida Dall, 1907 Tropidomarga Powell, 1951 Turbininae Astraea Röding, 1798 Astralium Link, 1807 Bellastraea Iredale, 1924 Bolma Risso, 1826 Cookia Lesson, 1832 Guildfordia Gray, 1850 Lithopoma Gray, 1850 Lunella Röding, 1798 Megastraea McLean, 1970 Modelia Gray, 1850 Pomaulax Gray, 1850 Turbo Linnaeus, 1758 - type genus Uvanilla Gray, 1850 Yaronia Mienis, 2011 Prisogasterinae Hickman & McLean, 1990 Prisogaster Mörch, 1850 Genera brought into synonymy Astrea Link, 1807: synonym of Astraea Röding, 1798 Agathistoma Olsson & Harbison, 1953: synonym of Tegula Lesson, 1832 Amyxa Troschel, 1852: synonym of Prisogaster Mörch, 1850 Calcar Montfort, 1810: synonym of Astralium Link, 1807 Canthorbis Swainson, 1840: synonym of Astraea Röding, 1798 Cardinalia Gray, 1842: synonym of Tectus Montfort, 1810 Crosseia P. Fischer, 1885: synonym of Crossea A. Adams, 1865 Cyclocantha Swainson, 1840: synonym of Astralium Link, 1807 Dinassovica Iredale, 1937: synonym of Turbo (Turbo) Linnaeus, 1758 represented as Turbo Linnaeus, 1758 Distellifer Iredale, 1937: synonym of Astralium Link, 1807 Foliastralium Habe & Okutani, 1980: synonym of Astralium Link, 1807 Galeoastraea Habe, 1958: synonym of Bolma Risso, 1826 Halopsephus Rehder, 1943: synonym of Turbo (Halopsephus) Rehder, 1943 represented as Turbo Linnaeus, 1758