production cost and assembly. Second generation (2002–2012) In 2001 Volvo introduced the second generation of the FH and FM series with the cab and driveline given a major makeover. with an investment cost of 600 million euros Major changes included a redesign of the cab to improve aerodynamics, the new automatic gearchange transmission, I shift, new electronics system and engine improvements. Cab The changes to the cab included a new day cab, which is 150 mm longer with a redesigned air intake and flat floor. New rearview mirrors were introduced to reduce blind spots and improve airflow, new headlights, and front side marker lights, a new split sun visor, and new wider front steps complemented the external modifications. The interior was redesigned with more rounded edges around the dashboard and new seats with integrated seatbelts. Integrated telephone speaker and microphone with steering wheel controls for the radio and inbuilt GSM phones were an option. As a standard equipment FH models also included FUPS (Front Underrun Protection System) to further enhance safety by preventing smaller vehicles from being "underrun" or wedged under front of the truck in an event of frontal collision. TC and I-Shift D12D's further development of venerable D12C resulted in increased power output to equipped with turbo compound (TC) technology which utilise more energy from exhaust gases after the turbocharger using an extra turbine to drive the engine crankshaft via hydraulic clutch and reduction gearing. The cooling system changes coincided with more advanced electronics for engine management systems= (EMS) with an electronically controlled cooling fan which was now fully controlled by the Engine ECU (EECU) and as a result fuel consumption is also reduced. I-Shift transmissions is a concept of manual transmission with computerized gear change control Transmission Management System (TMS) which contains two ECU's the transmission control unit (TECU) and the gear selector control unit (GECU). I-Shift borrowed from old transmission technologies like non-synchronised main gears which allowed a reduction in size and weight and a countershaft brake to achieve more precise shift control while matching engine rpm to transmissions rpm e.g. TECU requests the EECU to correct engine rpm so as to synchronise the rpm to effect a smooth gear change, similar to double-clutching. 2003 FH16 Intelligent Power After delaying introduction of new 16 litre engine for 2 years in 2003 Volvo introduced one of the most powerful trucks ever built. The D16C engine was available