Sandaogou (northeastern side of The North China Craton). The greenstone belt type gold deposits are not commonly found in the craton because most of them were reworked in the Mesozoic, so they appeared to be in some other form. However, from other cratonic examples in the world, the greenstone belt gold deposits should be abundant in the first place. Paleoproterozoic (2.5–2.6 billion years ago) Ultra high temperature metamorphic rocks found in the Paleoproterozoic Period indicate the start of modern tectonics. Great oxygenation events (GOE) also occurred in this period and it marked the start of a shift from an oxygen poor to an oxygen rich environments. There are two types of minerals commonly found from this period. They are copper-lead zinc deposits and magnesite – boron deposits. Copper-lead-zinc (Cu-Pb-Zn) deposits were deposited in collisional setting mobile belts, which were in a rift and subduction system. Copper deposits are found in the Zhongtiaoshan area of Shanxi province. The khondalite sequence, which are high temperature metamorphic rocks, and graphite are often found together with the ore deposits. There are a few types of ore deposits found and each of them correspond to a different formation environment. Cu-Pb-Zn formed in metamorphosed VMS deposits, Cu-Mo deposits formed in accreted arc complexes, while copper-cobalt Cu-Co deposits formed in an intrusive environment. Magnesite – boron deposits were formed in sedimentary sequences under rift related shallow sea lagoon settings. It was a response to the great oxidation event as seen from its isotopic content. In the Jiaoliao mobile belt, the GOE changed the isotopic ratio of 13C and 18O as the rock underwent recrystallization and mass exchange. The ore also allows people to further understand the Global Oxidation Event system, for example, showing the exact atmospheric chemical change during that period. Mesoproterozoic (1.6–1.0 billion years ago) A rare-earth element-iron-lead-zinc (REE-Fe-Pb-Zn) system was formed from extensional rifting with upwelling of mantle, and therefore magma fractionation. There were multiple rifting events resulting in the deposition of iron minerals and the occurrence rare earth element was closely related to the iron and carbonatite dykes. The REE-Fe-Pb-Zn system occurs in an alternating volcanic and sedimentary succession. Apart from REE, LREE (light rare earth elements) are also found in carbonatite dykes. Rare earth elements have important industrial and political implications in China. China is close to monopolising the export of rare earth elements in the whole world. Even the United States relies