Jewish synagogue there. The book shows the remarkable dialectic talent of the author. It was completed in 1834, published in 1837, republished three times, and was translated into English at the time of the "Damascus Affair" in 1840, at the instance of Sir Moses Montefiore and Adolphe Crémieux. It was translated also into Russian (1883) and German (1884; another German edition appeared in 1892). Another polemical work, Yemin Tzidki, Levinsohn proves the absurdity of the accusations against Judaism and the Talmud. This work was left by him in manuscript. Other polemical works written by Levinsohn are Aḥiyyah Shiloni ha-Ḥozeh (Leipzig, 1841) and Ta'ar ha-Sofer (Odessa, 1863). Aḥiyyah Shiloni ha-Ḥozeh is directed against the work of the English missionary Alexander McCaul entitled The Paths of the World (London, 1839), and constitutes an introduction to Levinsohn's larger work Zerubbabel, completed in 1853. This latter work was published, in part, by his nephew David Baer Nathansohn (Leipzig, 1863); the entire work was published later in Warsaw (1876). This work, which occupied twelve years, and was continued through sickness and suffering, was not only a defense of Judaism, but also an exposition of the value of traditional law in the Jewish religion, and of the great wisdom and moral force of its expounders and teachers. The Ta'ar ha-Sofer is directed against the Karaites. Levinsohn as a philologist In addition to these, Levinsohn wrote on Hebrew etymology and comparative philology. In this field he published Bet ha-Oẓar, the first and second parts of which appeared in Vilna in 1841; the first part is entitled Shorashe Lebanon, and includes studies of Hebrew roots; the second part comprises articles on various subjects, and Abne Millu'im, a supplement to Bet Yehudah. After Levinsohn's death Nathansohn published Toledot Shem (Warsaw, 1877) and Ohole Shem (Warsaw, 1893), both containing philological studies arranged in alphabetical order, and also corrections of Ben Zeb's Otzar ha-Shorashim, which was republished by Letteris. Levinsohn left a number of works in manuscript, including Pittuḥe Ḥotam, on the period of the Canticles; Yizre El, miscellaneous essays; Be'er Yitzḥak, correspondence with contemporary scholars; and Eshkol ha-Sofer, letters, poetry, and humorous papers. Discussions of vegetarianism Joseph Jacobs and Judah David Eisenstein have suggested that Levinsohn may have been the first Jewish figure to discuss "the modern question of vegetarianism." According to Jacobs and Eisenstein, Levinsohn justifies the strictness of the rules of ṭerefah with reference to vegetetarianism, and he