the Danelaw. See also Cultural depictions of ravens Fairy flag Hrafnsmál Jagdstaffel 18, which used a black raven insignia Uí Ímair Valravn Notes References The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. (English translation). Everymans Library, 1991. Barraclough, Captain E.M.C. "The Raven Flag". Flag Bulletin. Vol. X, No. 2–3. Winchester, MA: The Flag Research Center (FRC), 1969. Cappelen, Hans. "Litt heraldikk hos Snorre." Heraldisk tidsskrift No. 51, 1985 p. 34–37. Also printed in Icelandic as "Heimskringla og skjaldarmerkin", Morgunbladir, Reykjavik 3.11.1985 Dumville, David and Michael Lapidge, eds. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, Vol 17: The Annals of St. Neots with Vita Prima Sancti Neoti. Woodbridge: D.S. Brewer. 1985. Engene, Jan Oskar. "The Raven Banner and America." NAVA News, Vol. XXIX, No. 5, 1996, pp. 1–2. Forte, Angelo, Richard Oram and Frederik Pedersen. Viking Empires. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005 . Grimm, Jakob. Teutonic Mythology. 4 vols. Trans. James Steven Stallybras. New York: Dover, 2004. Hjelmquist, Theodor. "Naturskildringarna i den norröna diktningen". In Hildebrand, Hans (ed). Antikvarisk tidskrift för Sverige, Vol 12. Ivar Hæggströms boktryckeri, Stockholm. 1891. Hrafnhildur Bodvarsdottir. The Function of the Beasts of Battle in Old English Poetry. PhD Dissertation, 1976, State University of New York at Stony Brook. Ann Arbor: University Microfilms International. 1989. Lukman, N. "The Raven Banner and the Changing Ravens: A Viking Miracle from Carolingian Court Poetry to Saga and Arthurian Romance." Classica et Medievalia 19 (1958): pp. 133–51. Njal's Saga. Trans. George DaSent. London, 1861. Orkneyinga Saga: The History of the Earls of Orkney. Trans. Pálsson, Hermann and Edwards, Paul (1978). London: Hogarth Press. . Republished 1981, Harmondsworth: Penguin. . Poole, R. G. Viking Poems on War and Peace: A Study in Skaldic Narrative. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. 1991. Sturluson, Snorri. "King Harald's Saga." Heimskringla. Penguin Classics, 2005. Trætteberg, Hallvard. "Merke og Fløy." Kulturhistorisk leksikon for nordisk middelalder, Vol. XI, Oslo, 1966, columns 549–555. Woolf, Rosemary. "The Ideal of Men Dying with their Lord in the Germania and in The Battle of Maldon." Anglo-Saxon England'' Vol. 5, 1976. External links Viking Answer Lady on Viking flags Njal's Saga – Public domain edition of translated by George DaSent, 1861, at Northvegr.org The Raven Banner Norse paganism Germanic archaeological artifacts Historical flags Viking art Viking warfare Early Germanic symbols Flags displaying animals no:Merke (fane)#Ravnefanen