the noun de is best translated enrective in the passive sense of power, or arrective in the active sense of influencing others. He says the Chinese understood de as potent but not coercive, and as arrective rather than corrective. Since early texts describe de as an acquired quality, he proposes it is a paronym of de "to acquire; to obtain", which is a common definition of de "power; virtue". Lastly, he notes a possible etymology of "see straight; looking straight at things; intuition" because early zhi graphs depicted a straight line over an "eye" (horizontally written in ). Victor H. Mair proposes a correlation between Proto-Indo-European dugh and de. Te was pronounced approximately dugh during the early Chou period (about 1100 to 600 B.C.). The meanings it conveys in texts from that era are "character," "[good or bad] intentions," "quality," "disposition," "personality," "personhood," "personal strength," and "worth." There is a very close correlation between these meanings and words deriving from Proto-Indo-European dugh (to be fit, of use, proper; acceptable; achieve). And there is a whole series of words derived from the related Teutonic verbal root dugan. There are Old High German tugan, Middle High German tugen, and modern German taugen, all of which mean "to be good, fit, of use." There is another cognate group of words relating to modern English "doughty" (meaning worthy, valiant, stouthearted) that also contribute to our understanding of te. They are Middle English douhti, dohti, of dühti ("valiant"). In modern Dutch, the noun "de" can be translated as "deugd"; the verb "deugen" means 'to have virtue'. According to Axel Schuessler's new etymological dictionary of Old Chinese , de < *tək "moral force, virtue, character; quality, nature" is probably in the same word family as de < *tək "to get" and perhaps zhi < *drək "straight; right". It quotes the proposal of Edwin G. Pulleyblank that de and de are cognate with Tibetan language thub "a mighty one, one having power and authority". Taoist usages Classic texts of philosophical Daoism frequently refer to de. Wuxing heqidao Wuxing Heqidao 五行合气道, Gogyo Aikido in Japanese, has its roots in Confucian,Taoists and Buddhist theory. This Art is centralised around the development of De () as the basis of traditional intersectional and integratve health and wellness, encouraging the experience and expression of the practitioners true inborn nature (prenatal Jing, Pre- Heaven essence). The unification of mind, body and environment is