oil and gas exploration. Coloradans voted on Proposition 112 on November 6, 2018. This ballot measure would have required that new oil and gas drilling development be a minimum distance of 2,500 feet from occupied buildings and vulnerable areas. Vulnerable areas include playgrounds, permanent sports fields, amphitheaters, public parks, public open space, public and community drinking water sources, irrigation canals, reservoirs, lakes, rivers, perennial or intermittent streams, and creeks, and any additional vulnerable areas designated by the state or a local government. Proposition 112 requirements would not apply to development on federal land. This differs from 2018 regulations, which stipulate that wells must be 1,000 feet from high-occupancy buildings (such as schools and hospitals), 500 feet from occupied buildings, and 350 feet from outdoor areas (such as playgrounds). Additionally, 112 would give local governments the ability to define vulnerable areas, whereas current regulations do not allow local governments to ban new oil and gas developments within their city limits. Proponents have indicated that the oil and gas industry has a history of disregarding risk to communities and the environment, and that, as many of the chemicals used in fracking have not been adequately studied, this buffer zone will help protect Colorado residents and natural resources. Opponents argue that the economic impact of these regulations would be devastating to Colorado's economy, resulting in the loss of thousands of jobs as well as investment from oil and gas companies. A report published in July 2018 by the Colorado Oil and Gas Conservation Commission (COGCC) claimed that only 15% of non-federal land would remain available for oil drilling, representing an 85% reduction from the current standard. A report published by Peter Maniloff of the Colorado School of Mines painted a different picture. Maniloff performed an extension of the COGCC report to examine the amount of available subsurface to drill from. While Proposition 112 would limit the amount of surface area available for well placement, it would not prohibit companies from accessing drill-able reserves that lie beneath the land falling within the 2500 foot buffer. Under the assumption that firms can horizontally drill within one mile in any direction of a particular surface well, Maniloff found that 42% of non-federal subsurface would remain available to Oil and Gas companies. This increased the amount of non-federal drill-able reserves land threefold as compared to the COGCC report. The goal of Colorado Proposition 112 was to lengthen