a detailed description of the two Taroms in his Nuzhat al-Qulub. He described the two regions as fertile for agriculture – they supplied the city of Soltaniyeh with most of its fruit, he wrote – and populated mostly by Sunnis of the Shafi'i madhhab. He wrote that a town called Firuzabad, which was in Lower Tarom, had formerly been the capital of the region, but by his lifetime Firuzabad had become "a complete ruin". A place called Andar, which was in Upper Tarom, had replaced it as Tarom's capital. Mustawfi described the two Taroms as being divided into five districts. The first consisted of the dependencies of Qal'ah Tāj ("the crown castle"), which was in Upper Tarom. He said this district included about 100 villages; the most important were Jazlā, Shūrzad, Darām, Ḥayāt, Qalāt, Razīd, and Shīd. The second district was based around the castle of Semiran, in Lower Tarom. This district had about 50 villages, with the most important being Alūn, Khawarnaq, Sharzūrlard, and Kalach. The third district was based around the castle of Firdaws, also in Lower Tarom; this district comprised about 20 villages, with the most important being Sarvān. The fourth district was based around, instead of a castle, two large villages: Nisbār and Barīdūn. It consisted of 8 hamlets that were dependencies of the two main villages. Mustawfi did not specified whether this district belonged to Upper or Lower Tarom. The fifth and final district was Lower Dizābād; Mustawfi said nothing about this district's affiliation either. In any case, it had 25 villages; the most important were Gulhār, Gulchīn, and Balhal. The combined revenue of these five districts, according to Mustawfi, was 64,000 dinars. Geology Tarom is part of the Tarom-Hashtjin Metallogenic Province, which is one of the most important epithermal regions in Iran. Lead, zinc, copper, iron, and manganese are prevalent. Compared to the Hashtjin part, copper and iron are more widespread in Tarom. The average copper content of plutonic bodies ranges from 220 to 260 ppm. Lead, zinc, and silver content are 600, 800, and 8 ppm respectively. Gold deposits are found mixed in with some copper deposits, such as at Khalifeloo, Abbasabad, and Chargar. There are also gold deposits at Asadi and Ghez Ghal'e. Tarom also has relatively more alunite deposits than Hashtjin, including ones at Yuzbash Chay, Kamar Rud, Nasr Abad, Sirdan, Zajkan, and Zajkandi. There are also minor tungsten deposits, such