Henry Joseph Frendo (born 29 August 1948) is a professor of Modern History, teaching at the University of Malta since 1992. Frendo has previously worked with the UNHCR, and was stationed in Switzerland, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Egypt and Papua New Guinea. His main areas of research and interest are related to history since 1798; related to imperialism, nationalism, decolonization, postcolonialism, journalism, migration and ethnicity - in Central and Eastern Europe, the Mediterranean and MENA. Other areas of his interest are languages, culture and statehood.He is from Floriana and is brother of Michael Frendo. Bibliography In 1970 Frendo completed his bachelor's degree in Maltese, English and History at the University of Malta. During the 1960s Frendo was involved in a number of Youth and Student groups. From 1968 to 1969 Frendo was Chairman of a student-led campaign called ‘Djar ghall-Maltin’ (Houses for the Maltese), which aimed to secure low-cost housing and land planning in the wake of newly achieved independence from the British. From 1970 to 1971 Frendo was made Editor-in-Chief of daily Maltese newspaper called Il-Hajja (The Life). In 1973 Frendo graduated with a Masters in History from the University of Malta, with a thesis on the language-culture clash in the 19th – 20th century between traditional italianita’ – latinita’ adherents and utilitarian assimilationist pro-English supporters and the codification of the historic and enduring Maltese language. In the same year, Frendo became resident at University College at the University of Oxford in the United Kingdom. Frendo received his Doctor of Philosophy in Modern History from the University of Oxford in 1976. In his doctoral thesis, Frendo wrote on the formation of political parties in Malta under British rule, which was later published in his 1979 book Party Politics in a Fortress Colony. Frendo later returned to Malta, between 1976 and 1978, to be promoted from Assistant Lecturer to Lecturer in History at the University of Malta. In 1978 Frendo accepted a position with the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) at their Headquarters in Geneva, after he encountered fierce resistance to his academic work by the Labour government. In 1979 Frendo was promoted to the position of Programme Officer in the Middle East and North Africa section, whilst still in Geneva. During his tenure there, Frendo was assigned to liaise in mass voluntary repatriation operations in Zimbabwe from neighbouring countries - such as Mozambique, Zambia and Botswana. In 1982 Frendo