(upper rib facet) to the parapophysis (lower rib facet), zygapophyses (articular processes), and the main body of the centrum. Thin laminae also connect the zygapophyses to the centrum and one lamina projects backwards from the parapophysis in one cervical. A deep lateral depression is developed between the rib facets, along with triangular depressions between the diapophysis and zygapophyses. The neural spines are tall and expand to the side at their tip, forming structures known as spine tables. Cervical ribs connected to their respective vertebrae through two wide facets ("heads"). The dorsal vertebrae are generally similar to the cervicals in terms of their laminae, depressions, and expanded spine tables. They primarily differ in their lengthier transverse processes, and a lack of a ventral keel. Dorsal vertebrae further towards the hip have the parapophyses shift close to the diapophyses, fusing or eliminating some of the features they exhibit. However, in dorsal vertebrae close to the neck, the rear centro-diapophyseal lamina is very thick and an additional lamina is present in the depression between the diapophyses and prezygapophysis. Prestosuchus also possessed two-headed dorsal ribs which were similar in shape to those of Batrachotomus, as well as a dense gastral basket. There are two sacral vertebrae, and it is unclear whether they are fused to each other. The zygapophyses are stout while the neural spines are taller though less expanded than those of the cervicals and dorsals. The sacral ribs are fan-shaped when seen from above; the first rib overlaps the second, which expands further rearwards. Only a few caudal (tail) vertebrae are known in Prestosuchus as a whole. Anterior caudals (those at the base of the tail) are higher than long and have tall neural spines that are slightly expanded at their tip. The first caudal of the lectotype specimen and P. nyassicus have a ventral keel and lateral depressions, but other specimens lack these features. From the third caudal onward, rod-like chevrons are developed. Towards the tip of the tail the caudals become low, elongated, and simple. Osteoderms (bony plates) were present in two rows along the neck and back and one row along the tail. Individual osteoderms were wide, roughly heart-shaped, and more than one osteoderm per row was present above each vertebra. Pectoral girdle and forelimbs The scapula and coracoid are strongly connected to each other but not fused. The scapula when seen from the side narrows at midshaft and