in most of the cases people tend to rely on their own personal skills and capabilities that could help them in preventing and defending criminal attacks. For example: Self-defense training Securing goods Avoiding wilderness Anti-terrorism operation It could either be preventive lockdown (preemptive lockdown to mitigate the risk) or an emergency lockdown (during or after the occurrence of the risk). August 2019 clampdown in Jammu and Kashmir is an example of preventive lockdown to eliminate the risk to the lives of civilians from the militants, violent protesters and stonepelters. See also Corrective and Preventive Action (CAPA) Preventive diplomacy Risk management Preventive lockdown References Quality management Prevention