for study. NASA plans to use the Orion crew vehicle to send humans to deep space locations such as the Moon and Mars starting in the 2020s. Orion will be powered by NASA's new heavy lift vehicle, the Space Launch System (SLS), which is currently under development. Artemis 1 is the first flight of the SLS and was launched as a test of the completed Orion and SLS system. During the mission, an uncrewed Orion capsule will spend 10 days in a distant retrograde orbit around the Moon before returning to Earth. Artemis 2, the first crewed mission of the program, will launch four astronauts in 2023 on a free-return flyby of the Moon at a distance of . After Artemis 2, the Power and Propulsion Element of the Lunar Gateway and three components of an expendable lunar lander are planned to be delivered on multiple launches from commercial launch service providers. Artemis 3 is planned to launch in 2024 aboard a SLS Block 1 rocket and will use the minimalist Gateway and expendable lander to achieve the first crewed lunar landing of the program. The flight is planned to touch down on the lunar south pole region, with two astronauts staying there for about one week. Robotic missions Suborbital Anomalous Transport Rocket Experiment (ATREX) – five consecutive launches, 80 seconds apart on March 27, 2012, studied the high-altitude jet stream. NASA Sounding Rocket Program SHIELDS – launched April 19, 2021, collected data from the heliopause. Earth and Heliocentric satellites Biosatellite 1, 2 and 3 Cosmic Background Explorer (COBE) - Earth Observing System Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) NPOESS Preparatory Project (NPP) – National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS) Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) Echo 1 and 2 - Great Observatories Chandra X-ray Observatory Compton Gamma Ray Observatory Hubble Space Telescope – ESA partnership Spitzer Space Telescope (formerly known as the Space Infrared Telescope Facility, SIRTF) James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) – ESA partnership –launched in 2021 - High Energy Astronomy Observatory program High Energy Astronomy Observatory 1 (HEAO 1) Einstein Observatory (HEAO 2) first fully imaging X-ray telescope High Energy Astronomy Observatory 3 (HEAO 3) Imager for Magnetopause-to-Aurora Global Exploration (IMAGE) Infrared Astronomical Satellite (IRAS) Jason-1 OSTM/Jason-2 Jason-3 Landsat program Landsat 1 Landsat 2 Landsat 3 Landsat 4 Landsat 5 Landsat 6 Landsat 7 Landsat 8 Landsat 9 - Living With a Star Van Allen Probes –