Land Act, 1913 limited land ownership by black people to 8% of the land area of South Africa. The Native Trust and Land Act, 1936 expanded this limit to encompass about 13% of the land area of South Africa. The Asiatic Land Tenure and Indian Representation Act, 1946 restricted land ownership by Asians in towns and cities. The Group Areas Act, 1950 (re-enacted in 1957 and 1966) divided urban areas into "group areas" in which ownership and residence was restricted to certain population groups. The Group Areas Development Act, 1955 formed part of the machinery for the implementation of the Group Areas Act. The Coloured Persons Communal Reserves Act, 1961 and the Rural Coloured Areas Act, 1963 established "reserve" areas for coloured people in rural areas. The Preservation of Coloured Areas Act, Act No 31 of 1961 further entrenched "Coloured Areas" in law and created a legal mechanism to seize land for white Guardians. The Aliens Control Act, 1973 loosened the restrictions on residence by Asians in parts of South Africa. These and other discriminatory acts related to land tenure were repealed by the Abolition of Racially Based Land Measures Act, 1991. Pass laws and influx control Natives (Urban Areas) Act, 1923 Natives (Urban Areas) Consolidation Act, 1945 Prevention of Illegal Squatting Act, 1951 Native Laws Amendment Act, 1952 Natives (Abolition of Passes and Co-ordination of Documents) Act, 1952 Natives Resettlement Act, 1954 Natives (Prohibition of Interdicts) Act, 1956 Urban Bantu Councils Act, 1961 Black Local Authorities Act, 1982 The pass laws were repealed by the Identification Act, 1986 and the influx control laws by the Abolition of Influx Control Act, 1986. Political representation The South Africa Act 1909, which united the four South African colonies into a unitary state, preserved electoral arrangements unchanged, meaning that qualified black voters in the Cape Province could vote for the House of Assembly. This was an entrenched clause, protected by a provision requiring a two-thirds majority in a joint sitting of Parliament to alter the Cape Qualified Franchise. The Representation of Natives Act, 1936, passed with the necessary two-thirds majority, removed black voters in the Cape from the common voters' roll and placed them on a separate roll, allowing them to elect only three members to the House of Assembly. The act also provided for four indirectly elected senators to represent black people countrywide. Qualified coloured voters in the Cape remained on the