the executioner ready to behead bishop Silvanus, but the heretic Sabinianus has been miraculously decapitated instead. Provenance The main panel was bought by Cardinal Fesch in 1808 for 2500 scudi, and replaced in the chapel by a copy. At the Fesch sale in 1845, it was sold to the Principe di Canino, and quickly bought by Lord Ward (later Earl of Dudley). It was then in several English collections, and eventually acquired by Ludwig Mond in 1892, after whose death in 1909 it was acquired by the National Gallery in 1924. The predella panels seem to have been removed in the 17th century, and given as gifts to a visiting cardinal. The panel in North Carolina was formerly in the collection of Sir Francis Cook at Doughty House, Richmond, London. Painting materials The main panel was analyzed in the National Gallery London and the typical pigments of the Renaissance period were identified. He painted the Crucifixion among other pigments with natural ultramarine, lead-tin-yellow, verdigris, vermilion and ochres. See also List of paintings by Raphael References Sources The Mond Crucifixion, Raphael, National Gallery, London Henry, Tom. "Raphael's Altar-Piece Patrons in Città Di Castello", The Burlington Magazine, vol. 144, no. 1190, 2002, pp. 268–278 External links Collections of the National Gallery, London Paintings by Raphael Paintings depicting the Crucifixion of Jesus Raphael Raphael Angels in art Raphael Altarpieces Paintings in the collection of the National Museum of Ancient Art Paintings in the collection of the North Carolina Museum of Art