led to further reforms of the Migration Program, making onshore visa applications more accessible to students and increasing the number of people applying to undertake courses in Australia which were experiencing a skills shortage. The National Code of Practice for Registration Authorities and Training for Overseas Students (2001) was implemented and set out more detailed guidelines and requirements for education providers and developed the set of rules related to CRICOS. Amendments Problems with ESOS and CRICOS In 2003, 303,324 full-fee international student enrolments were issued in Australia. This increase led to issues of quality in education provision and student welfare in the sector. A report/review by the Australian Government, titled the Baird Review, outlined issues regarding Australian international education, stating the potential vulnerability of international students within Australia. The report set out key issues within ESOS legislation as well as the CRICOS framework, expressing increasing concern around the international education sector and its regulation, especially given the financial crisis, incidents involving the safety of students and the continued questioning of the quality of providers. The review was intended for 2010, however reports in 2009 of attacks and incidents involving Indian students, and negative accounts from India, prompted the government to release the review earlier. Student welfare and the quality of Australian education institutions were questioned in the review as a potential factor towards what police described as "largely opportunistic and not primarily racially motivated" attacks. The review also stated it heard inquiries surrounding a "lack of information" as well as "false and misleading information" from educational providers. It identified there was a need for CRICOS and its regulators to "raise the bar" for international educators and the requirements these institutions must meet to either enter or remain in the sector. Reforms ESOS and CRICOS amendments were made effective in February 2010. Two new criteria were implemented to ensure education was the primary purpose of institutions and they could provide such services adequately. In addition, new registration requirements were implemented under CRICOS for providers, certifying the quality of the education sector, defending the register and ensuring the primary purpose of institutions and their courses is to educate. Any providers wishing to register in CRICOS must have confirmed their ability under relevant state and territory officials. In conjunction with CRICOS and its authorities, reforms included the establishment of the Tertiary Education Quality Standards Agency and the Australian Skills Quality Authority to provide