(Sinotragus wimani, Tsaidamotherium hedini and Protoryx sp.). Of these, the combination of H. coelophyes, S. wimani, and Protoryx sp. strongly support a late Late Miocene age. Pollen analysis of the Liushu Formation showed that grasses increased significantly and became dominant, especially xerophilous and sub-xerophilous grasses, along with some broad leaves of temperate and warm temperate zones, suggesting that the vegetation of the Liushu Formation belonged to a subarid or arid steppe. In Kazakhstan, Sinotherium zaisanensis is known from the Karabulak formation which dates to 6.3–6.5 Ma (Late Miocene). It coexisted with four caniforms (Martes sp., Promeles sp., Plesiogulo crassa Teilhard, Indarctos punjabiensis), three feliforms (Adcrocuta eximia, Hyaenictitherium hyaenoides orlovi, Amphimachairodus kurteni), three perissodactyls (Hipparion hippidiodus, H. elegans, Chilotherium sp.), and six artiodactyls (Cervavitus novorossiae, Procapreolus latifrons, Samotherium cf. irtyshense, Paleotragus (Yuorlovia) asiaticus, Tragoportax sp., Gazella dorcadoides). The climate that Sinotherium zaisanensis lived in was mild and arid. It was a habitat of wide, open steppes. References External links "Elasmotherians- Evolution, Distribution, and Ecology" Mikko's Phylogeny Archive, "Rhinocerotidae: †Elasmotheriinae: †Elasmotheriini: †Elasmotheriina" New Remains of Paraelasmotherium (Perissodactyla. Rhinocerotidae) from the Miocene in Dongxiang Study. Gansu, China Miocene rhinoceroses Neogene mammals of Asia Pliocene rhinoceroses Fossil taxa described in 1924 Miocene mammals of Asia Pliocene mammals of Asia