phrase would be cast in the thematic role and the verb in the thematic focus, instead, Indulin ti estudiante ti file because of the semantics of the verb. In the Ilocano mind, the file is being transferred to a safe place. Use of this affix imparts the following meanings: Consumption of the object, e.g. alimon "swallow", alimunen "to swallow (something)" Permanent change of state, e.g. patay "death", patayen "to kill" Mental processing of the object, e.g. panunot "thought", panunuten "to think (about something), ponder (something)" {| class="wikitable" align="center" |+caption|-En |- ! Aspect ! Form ! Example ! Gloss |- | Neutral | -en | basaen | to read something |- | Continuous Progressive | CVC~ -en | basbasaen | reads something is/are reading something |- | Perfective | <in> | binasa | read something has/has read something |- | Continuous Complete | C<in>VC~ | binasbasa | was/were reading somethingused to read something would read something |} Commitative Focus: Ka- Verbs in the comitative focus denote that the verb action is shared between parties. The focused noun phrase is with whom the agent is partaking the action. Similar to the Instrumental focus below, these behave more like nouns. Directional Focus: -An The focused noun phrases of directional verbs are treated as places or destinations. When a person is the focus, a notion of direction (either to or from) or an affected party is implied, for example, suratan to write to someone, takawan to rob from someone (compare with tawaken to steal something). In addition, the focused noun phrase is treated as an area that is affected by the verb. Verbs of cleaning, dalusan, to clean, labaan, to launder, sagadan, to sweep, are in this focus as the focused noun phrases are considered as an area affected. It is possible to use -en with these roots, but notice in the following sentences how the affix alters the focus and meaning: (with -an) Dinalusak ti sala. "I cleaned the living room." versus (with -en) Dinalusko ti rugit ti sala. "I cleaned the dirt in the living room." Meanings: Directionality, movement to or from Place or destination Area affected Cleaning Thematic Focus: i- The focused noun phrases of thematic verbs are transferred or whose location or state is affected in some way by the semantics of the root. An analog of this idea of transference, verbs of saying are commonly use this affix. What