bear well-developed furrows. There are about 70–78 upper and 82 lower tooth rows. Each tooth is small and usually has five cusps, with the central one the longest. The five pairs of gill slits are short, with the fourth and fifth pairs located over the bases of the pectoral fins. Both dorsal fins are rounded; the first is slightly larger and positioned over the latter half of the pelvic fin bases, while the second is positioned over the latter half of the anal fin base. The pectoral fins are medium-sized and blunt-cornered. The small pelvic fins are low and angular; the claspers of adult males reach the origin of the anal fin. The space between the pelvic and anal fin origins is greater in males than in females. The anal fin is elongated and angular; its base measures 12–15% of the total length, comparable to the distance between the dorsal fins. The caudal peduncle is compressed from side to side, and leads to a low caudal fin with a small lower fin and a ventral notch near the tip of the upper lobe. The body is covered by small, slightly overlapping dermal denticles, which are leaf-shaped with a median ridge and three marginal teeth. A crest of enlarged denticles is present along the upper edge of the caudal fin. This species is a uniform ochre above and white below, with distinctive dark brown tips on the dorsal and caudal fins; the interior of the mouth is light gray. Biology and ecology Reproduction in the blacktip sawtail catshark is oviparous and proceeds throughout the year, without well-defined seasonal patterns. Adult females have a single functional ovary, on the right, and two functional oviducts; a single egg matures within each oviduct at a time. The eggs are enclosed in purse-shaped, translucent golden brown capsules measuring about long and across. The surface of the capsule is smooth and unlined; there are coiled tendrils on the anterior corners and bundles of long fibers on the posterior corners. Half of all males and females are sexually mature at and long respectively. A known parasite of this species is the tapeworm Nakayacestus tanyderus. Human interactions In Taiwanese waters, blacktip sawtail catsharks of most sizes are frequently caught incidentally in bottom trawls operated by commercial shrimp fisheries. Captured sharks are processed into fishmeal and used in aquaculture. This species is probably also caught incidentally by bottom trawlers