kingdom's territory stretched from Tyras or even Pontic Olbia in the north to Odessus in the south. Crimea The later Crimean Scythian kingdom covered a limited a territory which included the steppes and footholls of Crimea until Taurida, the lower Dnieper, and the lower Southern Bug rivers. Society Population The population of Scythia consisted, in addition to the Scythians themselves, of Greeks living in colonies on the northern shore of the Black Sea, and of Thracians who had inhabited the region since the Bronze Age. The Scythians were composed of a number of tribal units, including: the Royal Scythians, also called the () and the (), were an Iranian tribe who nomadised in the central Pontic Steppe between the Dnipro and the Don rivers and in Crimea. The Royal Scythians were the main Scythian tribe, and they were the ruling tribe of the whole of Scythia. the name corresponds to the Young Avestan name (), meaning “placed at the front.” the name is the Greek form of the Scythian endonym , formed by the addition of the plural suffix to the Scythian endonym the Scythian Nomads, who nomadised to the west of the Royal Scythians, between the Inhul and the bend of the Dnipro, were a mixed Thracian and Iranic Scythian tribe. the () or () occupied the steppe between the Inhul and the Dnister, and led semi-nomadic lives, with some of them being pastoral nomads and others being farmers who cultivated wheat, onions, garlic, lentils and millet. The might have been of mixed Thracian and Iranic origins. the Scythian Ploughmen or () or () were a Thracian population of Scythia who lived in a region with fertile black earth corresponding to the modern-day part of Ukraine which lies on the west of the Dnipro river. These Aroteres were sedentary agriculturists over whom had ruled an Iranian ruling class since the second half of the 2nd millennium BC. the Callipidae () were a population of Thracian origin who lived across a wide section of land adjacent to the shores of the Black sea ranging from the estuary of the Southern Buh river to the area of modern-day Odesa or even until the estuary of the Dnister. the Scythian Agriculturalists or () were another population of Thracian origin. The Scythian Agriculturalists lived in the valley of the lower Dnipro river. The neighbours of Scythia included: the Melanchlaeni and the Androphagi, who