to put quicksilver into it sometimes to keep it from lying still". His book includes the first (basic) diagram illustrating a football pitch. Willughby's link with the public school system was that he had studied at Sutton Coldfield school, was a student at Cambridge University and frequented the Bodleian Library at Oxford University. 18th century In 1710, football was recorded as being played on the green at Westminster School and the Abbey Chapter failing to repress it. 19th century The earliest versions of any football code rules were written down in the early 19th century, most notably by Eton College (1815) and Aldenham School (1825). By the early 19th century, (before the Factory Act of 1850), most working class people in Britain had to work six days a week, often for more than twelve hours a day. They had neither the time nor the inclination to engage in sport for recreation and, at the time, many children were part of the labour force. Feast day football on the public highway was at an end. Thus the public school boys, who were free from constant toil, became the inventors of organised football games with formal codes of rules. These gradually evolved into the modern football and rugby games that we know today. The boom in rail transport in Britain during the 1840s meant that people were able to travel further and with less inconvenience than they ever had before. Inter-school sporting competitions became possible. While local rules for athletics could be easily understood by visiting schools, it was nearly impossible for schools to play each other at football, as each school played by its own rules. Oldest School Football Clubs These are the earliest schools to have evidence of regular, organised football. Each school would originally have played its own code. Aldenham School F.C. was reported in The Football Annual 1873 (Charles Alcock) to have been founded in 1825 but there are no primary sources to support this and it is disputed. The earliest known matches involving public schools are as follows: 9 December 1834: Eton College v. Harrow School. 1840s: Old Rugbeians v. Old Salopians (played at Cambridge University). 1840s: Old Rugbeians v. Old Salopians (played at Cambridge University the following year). 1852: Harrow School v. Westminster School. 13 February 1856: Charterhouse School v. St Bartholemew's Hospital. 1857: Haileybury College v. Westminster School. 24 February 1858: Forest School v. Chigwell