data science, operations research and finance. Applied economics topics are taught in other programs, as relevant - for example health economics and engineering economics are offered in the MHA and M.Eng. respectively - but with a reduction in the level of theory. Business degrees In business degrees - undergraduate and masters - a course in "economics for managers", or the like, is typically a program requirement. Here the macroeconomic element deals with topics relevant to commerce, such as inflation, business cycles, exchange rates, the banking system, and the money supply; the microeconomic element mainly focuses on the managerial economics relating to product pricing, industry structure and competition. The theory is largely at the "supply and demand" level. Elements of econometrics may be incorporated into a business statistics or business mathematics course. See . The high-school courses largely mirror this content; their theory discussion may overlap the first courses in the major. Many undergraduate business degrees offer economics as a major, with the structure largely as above, although often with fewer theoretical and mathematical courses. Finance programs In finance programs, usually postgraduate, the macroeconomic element will be similar to the business degree’s, but may also emphasize forecasting - which is widely applied in asset allocation and other financial applications such as financial analysis - and is then (slightly) more theoretical. Managerial-type microeconomics may be included in programs with a strong business focus, such as the Master of Science in Finance. Otherwise, microeconomics is explicitly included only in the more theoretical Master of Finance programs, here emphasizing concepts from financial economics such as expected utility; these concepts are often implicitly covered where relevant as underpin to a specific module. Applied- or financial econometrics is often included, similarly. Economics is commonly combined with Finance as an undergraduate double major; depending on the program, the economics coverage may be theoretical, as for the standard degree, or applied, as for business degrees. Professional certification programs, such as the CFA and CIIA, often include topics in economics. See also :Category:Economics schools Economics handbooks Education economics Simulations and games in economics education References External links Organizations The Economics Network Economics & Business Education Association American Economic Association (Resources for Economists) list of economic tutorials and exercises Discussion Economists: Education, US Bureau of Labor Statistics What can you do with an economics degree?, Times Higher Education Career Advice For Economics Majors, Forbes