Grand Duchy into ethnic entities: he was against both Lithuanian and Polish nationalism and hoped that the Lithuanian and Polish languages and cultures could co-exist and expand together. The conservative-traditionalist Krajowcy believed that the nobility was the natural leader of nations and wanted to preserve its privileged status. Their members included and Konstancja Skirmuntt. The democratic Krajowcy were led by Michał Römer / Mykolas Römeris (1880–1946), Tadeusz Wróblewski (1858–1925) and Ludwik Abramowicz (1879–1939). After the outbreak of World War I, and especially after the re-establishment of the Polish and Lithuanian national states, members of the Krajowcy were hard-pressed to hold onto their dual self-identification and had to declare their loyalty to one country or the other. Most of them, like Mieczysław Jałowiecki, declared loyalty to Poland. Some, like Michał Pius Römer and Stanisław Narutowicz, chose Lithuania and became citizens there. Raman Skirmunt, an activist of the Krajowcy movement in Belarus, became one of the leaders of the Belarusian Democratic Republic. See also Regional Party of Lithuania and White Ruthenia Tutejszy References 1900s in Lithuania 1900s in Belarus 1900s in Poland 1910s in Lithuania 1910s in Belarus 1910s in Poland Polish nationalism (1795–1918)