in the stage adaptation of Lily Brett's Chuzpe at the Kammerspiele Theatre in Vienna. Selected works as opera producer, director Die Zauberflöte (1957), Landestheater Salzburg. Debut as an opera director Lulu (1962), Vienna State Opera (Karl Böhm conducting) Othello (opera) (1965), Wiener Sängerknaben, Argeo Quadri, conductor, Directed for Austrian Television Carmen (1966), Vienna State Opera (Lorin Maazel conducting; with Christa Ludwig as Carmen) Don Giovanni (15 June 1967), Vienna State Opera (designed by Luciano Damiani; Josef Krips conducting, with Cesare Siepi as Don Giovanni and Erich Kunz as Leporello) Der Rosenkavalier (1968), Vienna State Opera (Leonard Bernstein conducting) Fidelio (1970), Vienna State Opera (Leonard Bernstein conducting) Die Fledermaus (1972), Bavarian State Opera Munich Le nozze di Figaro (1974), La Scala (Claudio Abbado conducting, with Mirella Freni as the countess, José van Dam as Figaro, and Teresa Berganza as Cherubino) Un ballo in maschera (1975), Royal Opera House, (Claudio Abbado conducting, with Plácido Domingo, Katia Ricciarelli, Reri Grist, Piero Cappuccilli) Tannhäuser (1977), Metropolitan Opera. Still in use at the Met. Andrea Chénier (1981), Vienna State Opera (Nello Santi conducting, with Plácido Domingo in the title role) Baal (1981, premier), Salzburger Festival (later Vienna State Opera) Der Freischütz (1983), Bregenzer Festival Der Ring des Nibelungen (1986), Metropolitan Opera (James Levine conducting). Retired from the Met in May 2009. Manon Lescaut (1986), Vienna State Opera (Giuseppe Sinopoli conducting, with Mirella Freni as Manon) Die Zauberflöte (1988), Vienna State Opera (Nikolaus Harnoncourt conducting, with Jerry Hadley as Tamino and Luciana Serra as the Queen of the Night) Rigoletto (1989), Metropolitan Opera (Marcello Panni conducting, with Leo Nucci in the title role, Luciano Pavarotti as the Duke and June Anderson as Gilda). Parsifal (1991), Metropolitan Opera (James Levine conducting, with Plácido Domingo in the title role). Elektra (1992), Metropolitan Opera (Deborah Voigt as Chrysothemis). Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg (1993), Metropolitan Opera (James Levine conducting). Still in use at the Met. Rusalka (1987), Vienna State Opera (with Gabriela Beňačková as Rusalka and Václav Neumann conducting). Don Pasquale (31 March 2006), Metropolitan Opera (Maurizio Benini conducting, standing in for an injured James Levine), with Anna Netrebko as Norina and Juan Diego Flórez as Ernesto The Metropolitan Opera currently uses his productions of Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg, Tannhäuser, Arabella, and Don Pasquale. Many of his productions are available on DVD, including his Vienna State Opera productions of Fidelio and Rosenkavalier, and his Met productions of Parsifal, Die Meistersinger