locomotives used for passenger service (but better suited for cargo). These machines could have been removed from passenger trains, and refitted as E.645 or E.655 by changing the transmission gears. Having 3 bogies instead of 2, these locomotives have better adhesion on steep grades and could be easily fitted with multiple traction control. However, those old machines have proven not very reliable, so they have been deemed not suited to the intense use on this line. E.412.001 was the first Italian locomotive to be built with the new unified color scheme "XMPR". The Italian E.464 class (for light commuter trains) is based on E.412, sharing part of their components to reduce building costs and to simplify maintenance. Technical Engine and transmission The E.412 has four very powerful three-phase asynchronous traction motors, with an electronic digital traction system based on experience on the E.632s, E.402s and experimental E.444s. The device was modified to adapt it for use with the different voltages, featuring technical innovations such as the use of a primary multitension converter as a front-end inducer to the filter feeding current. The 6 megawatt of nominal power makes these the most powerful electric locomotives in Italy. They are 400 W more powerful than the previous record held by the E.402B. Power supply Pantographs are single-armed "Y" shaped, built by the German company Schunk. The two pantographs are different, designed for use on two different electrification systems: one (WBL 85/15, on side B) for the 15 kV alternated, one (WBL 85/3 on side A) for the 3 kV / 1.5 kV continuous. The first can stand 0.8 kA, the second 3 kA. The closed circuit, liquid cooled converters feed the triphase motors. Every converter gives energy to only one motor on every bogie, to reduce breakdown effects. Two more 450 V 60 Hz converters energize all the secondary devices, including a semiautomatic emergency fire extinguishing system. Running gear Bogies are fixed to the chassis with Flexicoil suspension units, a solution that removes the necessity of a central rotation point. A low traction bar and an auxiliary bar hold the weight: the traction motors are partly placed on these, connected with the Adtranz bogies. Braking on the bogies is made in two ways: mechanical and "energy recover". The first is a common system with 8 self venting discs on the 4 axles, automatically regulated. The second one is an advanced electric system