a food source. To more efficiently collect pollen, palynivores have evolved various adaptations in their body parts and behavior. These adaptations include specialized mouthparts, hair, digestive systems, and patterns of reproduction and foraging. Although all palynivores eat pollen, they do so to varying degrees and ways, so consequently their adaptations also differ. Bees and ants, for example, are insects that place different amounts of emphasis on pollen in their diets. Bees Bees, part of the superfamily Apoidea, engage in palynivory extensively, especially in providing pollen for their offspring. To effectively collect, transport, and consume pollen, bees have evolved specialized morphological and behavioral traits. To forage for pollen, bees must first find sources of pollen, which they do so through chemical, visual, and tactile signals given by flowers that have co-evolved adaptations for this purpose, since most flowering plants benefit from the pollination that occurs while bees collect and transport pollen. Visual signals especially help guide bees to flowers. With sight adaptations such as the ability to see ultraviolet light, bees home in on the color pattern "targets" of flower petals that guide bees to nectar and pollen. They gather and store pollen together with nectar on specialized hairs and evolved scopal or corbicular constructions on their bodies. Bees have also evolved behavioral adaptations that involve some degree of learning. Most bees are also either oligolectic or polylectic, where they target specific or more general groups of flowering plants respectively, and their foraging patterns overlap significantly closely during the day and/or seasonally to the bloom periods of these targeted flowers. In the nest, bees will also communicate the locations of good foraging patches to other worker bees in a process called a waggle dance. Bees often favor certain foraging patches, and while evidence shows that bumblebees for instance are flexible in their foraging patterns, deciding on different types of flowers based on the pollen's protein:lipid ratios, these patterns directly influence the genetics of the flowering plant populations around them. Ants Ants, as part of the order Hymenoptera, are related to bees and similarly forage outside of their nests to transport protein back for their offspring. While pollen is not the sole or primary food source, evidence from studies done on ants species in genera such as Zacryptocerus, Cephalotes (turtle ants), Camponotus (carpenter ants), Crematogaster (acrobat ants), and Odontomachus (trap-jaw ants) show that pollen is both targeted for consumption and eaten opportunistically.