The Battle of Carham (c. 1018) was fought between the Kingdom of Scotland and the Northumbrians at Carham on Tweed. Uhtred, son of Waltheof of Bamburgh (or his brother Eadwulf), fought the combined forces of Malcolm II of Scotland and Owen the Bald (King of Strathclyde). Their combined forces defeated Earl Uhtred's forces, determining the eastern border of Scotland at the River Tweed. Written records of the battle Sources for the battle are scarce. Those that do mention the battle often include it in a survey of other events. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle does not mention it. King Malcolm and Owen grouped together "near Caddonlea (Selkirkshire) […] where the Wedale road from Alba met the Tweeddale road from Strathclyde, lay at the northern edge of Ettrick Forest (roughly corresponding to Selkirkshire in extent) which formed a march between Cumbria and Northumbria." Uhtred's forces intercepted them before they crossed Cheviot. This interception meant that he did not have enough time to gather enough troops. Another source, De obsessione Dunelmi ("On the Siege of Durham"), places the battle under the 1018 annal listing Uhtred as the Northumbrian army. Dating controversy Symeon of Durham (12th Century), using dependable Northumbrian materials, located the year of the battle in 1018 ("without mention of Uhtred") in the Historia Dunelmensis Ecclesie. His record of a comet's visibility 30 days before the battle correlates with astronomical evidence from August 1018. Stenton mentions the comet but dismisses it on the grounds that the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle dates the death of Earl Uhtred to 1016. Stenton and C. Plummer argue that the earlier date of the battle used the 1016 annal's inclusion of Uhtred's death. Duncan argues and Woolf supports that the mention is an aside from the scribe recording in 1018 or 1019. De Obsessione Dunelmi (c. 1165) supports Duncan's theory that the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle scribe is discussing the more recent death of Uhtred as it places his death following the events outlined in the English source under the 1018 annal. Woolf argues that 1018 is more likely and that the Northumbrian leader was most likely Uhtred but just possible his brother Eadwulf. Significance The battle's significance is a matter of controversy, especially in regard to the region of Lothian. Scottish historians claim Lothian was won for Scotland at Carham and that Scotland's borders were expanded as a result; Marjorie O. Anderson argues that the English king Edgar the Peaceful granted