others). While less frequent in cinema and novels, the male prostitute with exclusively female clients (the "gigolo" or "escort") is generally depicted in a less tragic manner than the gay hustler (the gigolo is portrayed as older, athletic, well-dressed, etc.), and films like American Gigolo have done much to paint the character as a sophisticated seducer. This portrayal has also led to cinematic satire (the Deuce Bigalow films). The portrayal of the client or "john" of male prostitution in popular culture is far less codified than that of the hustler and runs the gamut from the lonely married man, the self-hating in-the-closet guy, the exploitative or endearing businessman, and even the serial killer. The diversity of these stereotypes reveals much about each author's or director's personal view of love, sexuality, power and morality. These stereotypes may have a basis in fact, but they should not be taken as true in all cases. The same issues that surround male prostitution (including the financial security and social status of the young "kept" lover, the older lover's obsessions and insecurities with regards to his or her youthful love-object, the sexual freedom or moral indifference of the hustler, etc.) often appear in movies and literature that portray amorous or sexual relationships—without prostitution—between an older man or woman and a younger male lover; for example, in Pasolini's novel and movie Theorem, Harold Prince's film Something For Everyone (1970) and Bill Condon's film Gods and Monsters (1998). In literature The following novels, memoirs, and plays feature male hustlers as major characters. In theater In cinema Films with a hustler as a main character {| class="wikitable" ! Year !! Title !! Country !! Director !! Character !! Actor !! width="500" | Notes |- | 1961 || The Roman Spring of Mrs. Stone || United Kingdom || José Quintero || Paolo di Leo || Warren Beatty ||Karen Stone is introduced to a young Italian man, Paolo (Warren Beatty), who is actually a highly paid professional gigolo. Karen and Paolo begin an affair, but it soon becomes obvious that Paolo is in it only for personal gain. |- | 1961 || Breakfast at Tiffany's || United States || Blake Edwards ||Paul "Fred" Varjak || George Peppard ||Varjak is maintained by a rich woman, Mrs. Failenson, who leaves him $300 after every sexual encounter. After falling in love with Holly Golightly (Audrey Hepburn), Varjak cuts off the relationship. Failenson offers