of good and bad statesmanship, focusing on the importance of institutions, legislation, education, the sciences, the arts, and different aspects of the economy. He provided taught them to objectively assess all matters. Youth in Vienna Archduke Joseph's father, Grand Duke Leopold was heir presumptive to the thrones of his brother, Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor, who had no surviving children. When he died in 1790, Leopold and his family moved to Vienna, where Joseph and his brothers arrived on 13 May. With his approaching fifteenth birthday, the final, three-year stage of his education started, focused on military training and political science, including subjects such as politics, investigative history, and law, which he learned from Hofrat ('Court Councillor') . He and his brothers travelled a lot and inspected different institutions, recording their experiences in diaries. First visit to Pest-Buda In 1792, sixteen-year-old Joseph lost both of his parents in three months, and his eldest brother, Francis, became emperor-king. Joseph accompanied him to his coronations in Frankfurt, Prague, and Buda, where he spent twenty-seven days. This was his first visit in Pest-Buda, and he went to see the , botanical garden, and natural history collection of the Royal University of Pest (today Eötvös Loránd University). He met leaders of the country, spending the most time with the prince-primate, , Prince-Archbishop of Esztergom, but also seeing Judge Royal (1753–1826) and Chancellor (1735–1816). He preferred Pest to Buda. Visit to the Austrian Netherlands In 1794, Joseph went on his second trip, this time to the Austrian Netherlands, which the Habsburg monarchy had temporarily regained during the French Revolutionary Wars. After being present at his brother's swearing-in in Brussels, he studied the culture and economy of the country. From 14 April to 31 May, he was on the battlefield and witnessed one minor win and multiple losses. He always analysed the tactics of both the Imperial Army and the French Revolutionary Army, and drew caricatures of imperial military leaders. Death of Archduke Alexander Leopold When Joseph's father became king of Hungary in 1790, he re-established the office of palatine (), which had been vacant since 1765. The Diet of Hungary elected one of his younger sons, fourth-born Archduke Alexander Leopold. In 1795, he uncovered and repressed a conspiracy by the led by Ignác Martinovics (1755–1795). He then joined his family for a holiday in Laxenburg castles, where he planned to surprise his younger sister Amalia