fourteen years of widowhood, with the Napoleonic Wars over, Joseph decided to remarry in 1815. On 30 August 1815, in the Schaumburg Castle, he married Princess Hermine of Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym, the seventeen-year-old eldest daughter of the late Victor II, Prince of Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym and Princess Amelia of Nassau-Weilburg. The bride, twenty-two years younger than the groom, was from a small German state and practiced Calvinism. She became an active and well-liked nádorné ('wife of the palatine'), especially popular among Protestants. In 1817, she founded the first charitable women's association ('nőegyesület') in Hungary. On 14 September 1817, she prematurely gave birth to twins, Hermine and Stephen. The labour was very complicated, and Hermine died of postpartum infections within twenty-four hours. Joseph was not present for the birth as it was only expected in October, and he went to welcome his mother-in-law to Hungary. After lying in state for two days, she was buried in the crypt of the on Széna tér (today Kálvin tér) which she had helped build with a donation in 1816. The devastating 1838 flood damaged the crypt and carried away the urns containing her heart and intestines but left the casket intact. Afterwards, Joseph obtained an ecclesiastical license to transfer Hermine's remains to the Palatinal Crypt, despite her not being a Catholic. She was placed in a separate chamber within the crypt and still rests there as of 2022, now in a more central place. Third marriage After his two tragic marriages and in a grave economic and political climate, Archduke Joseph wished to marry for a third time. Looking for a companion in his everyday problems, he chose twenty-two-year-old Duchess Maria Dorothea of Württemberg, daughter of Duke Louis of Württemberg and Princess Henriette of Nassau-Weilburg. The former Duchy of Württemberg had been an ally of the Austrian Empire at the end of the Napoleonic Wars, which was probably why Emperor-King Francis supported the match. The couple, with an age difference of twenty-one years, married in the castle of Kirchheim unter Teck on 24 August 1829. Maria Dorothea spent her life as nádorné with charitable work, especially supporting the Lutheran church in Hungary to which she belonged besides teachers, and schools. She founded and supported many charitable societies and institutions. She also helped Joseph in his job as palatine, especially in the fight for making Hungarian the country's official language instead of Latin. On New Year's Day 1826, she