Education in Chile is divided in preschool, primary school, secondary school, and technical or higher education (university).The levels of education in Chile are: Pre-school: For children up to 5 years old. Primary school: (Enseñanza básica) for children aged 6–14 years old, divided into 8 grades. Secondary school: (Enseñanza media) for teenagers aged 15–18 years old, divided into 4 grades. Schools are divided by curriculum into: "Scientific-humanities". Geared to prepare students to enter university. From 11th grade (Tercero Medio), students can choose a subject in either science (math, physics, chemistry, biology), or humanities (literature, history, philosophy), for more advanced lessons. "Technical-professional". Designed to allow students to quickly enter the workforce after secondary education. Students are taught practical lessons in technical areas, such as electricity, mechanics, metal assembly, etc. Higher education: University (universidad): These are divided between "traditional" universities (public and private universities created (mostly) before the 1981 reform) and private institutions. Professional Institute (Instituto Profesional, IP): Private institutions offering professional degrees, except for those given exclusively by universities. They were created in 1981. Technical Schooling Center (Centro de Formación Técnica, CFT): Also created in 1981, they are private institutions offering technical degrees only. Pre-school Levels: Sala Cuna Menor: children between 85 days of age to one year of age Sala Cuna Mayor: children between one and two years of age Nivel Medio Menor: children between two and three years of age Nivel Medio Mayor: children between three and four years of age Primer Nivel Transición or Pre-Kinder: children between four and five years of age Segundo Nivel de Transición or Kinder: children between five and six years of age The law establishes free access to the last two levels of pre-school. A constitutional reform in 2013 called for the law to extend free access to four levels, and make the last one mandatory and a prerequisite to enter primary school. The coverage for pre-school in 2009 was 37.42% (for children aged 0 to 5) and 44.96% (for persons of any age). Primary and secondary education The law makes primary and secondary school mandatory for all Chileans. The Chilean state provides an extensive system of education vouchers that covers about 93% of primary and secondary students (the other 7% attend non-subsidized private schools). The system is based on a direct payment to the schools based on daily attendance. Schools are either public (nearly all owned by the municipality of the commune in