removal of some 600 tons of rock using excavators and wheel loaders, and the constant pumping out of water from the base of the quarry. Excavations continued in spring and summer 2013. The campaign resulted in the discovery of new fish, turtle, and crocodile remains, as well as valuable information of the bone-bearing layer; additional Europasaurus bones, however, could not be located. By 2014, around 1300 vertebrate bones had been prepared from bed 83, the majority of which stemming from Europasaurus; an estimated 3000 additional bones await preparation. A minimum number of 20 individuals was identified based on jaw bones. Description Europasaurus is a very small sauropod, measuring only as an adult. This length was estimated based on a partial femur, scaled to the size of a nearly complete Camarasaurus specimen. Younger individuals are known, from sizes of to the youngest juvenile at . Gregory S. Paul estimated that a long individual would have weighed . Distinguishing characteristics Aside from being a very small neosauropod, Europasaurus was thought to have multiple unique morphological features to distinguish it from close relatives by its original describers, Sander et al. (2006). The nasal process of the premaxilla was thought to curve anteriorly while projecting upwards (now known to be preservational), there is a notch on the upper surface of the centra of cervical vertebrae, the scapula has a prominent process on the posterior surface of its body, and the astragalus (an ankle bone) is twice as wide as tall. When compared to Camarasaurus, Europasaurus has a different morphology of the postorbital where the posterior flange is not as short, a short contact between the nasal and frontal bones of the skull, the shape of its parietal (rectangular in Europasaurus), and the neural spines of its vertebrae in front of the pelvis are unsplit. Comparisons with Brachiosaurus (now named Giraffatitan) were also mentioned, and it was identified that Europasaurus has a shorter snout, a contact between the quadratojugal and squamosal, and a humerus (upper forelimb bone) that has flattened and aligned proximal and distal surfaces. There were finally quick comparisons to the potential brachiosaurid Lusotitan, which has a different ilium and astragalus shape, and Cetiosaurus humerocristatus (named Duriatitan), which has a deltopectoral crest that is less prominent and extends across less of the humerus. Skull Nearly all external skull bones have been preserved among Europasaurus specimens, except the prefrontals. Some additional bones are only