al. (2006). Orussidae of the United States, Canada and Great Britain Twelve species of Orussidae are distributed in the United States and in Canada: Kulcania mexicana (Cresson, 1879) (Florida), K. tomentosa (Middlekauff) (Arizona, California). Taxonomy: Vilhelmsen & Smith (2002). Ophrynon dominiqueae Blank, Vilhelmsen & D.R. Smith, 2010, O. levigatus Middlekauff, 1983, O. martini Blank, Vilhelmsen & D.R. Smith, 2010, O. patricki Blank, Vilhelmsen & D.R. Smith, 2010, all distributed in California. Taxonomy: Blank et al. (2010). Ophrynopus nigricans (Cameron, 1883) in Texas. Taxonomy: Middlekauff (1983) (citing the species as Ophrynella nigricans), Vilhelmsen & Smith (2002). Orussus minutus Middlekauff, 1983 (eastern USA), O. occidentalis Cresson, 1879 (western USA, in Canada from southern British Columbia eastward to Ottawa, Ontario), O. sayii Westwood, 1835 (eastern USA and Canada), O. terminalis Newman, 1838 (eastern USA and Canada), O. thoracicus Ashmead, 1898 (western USA). Taxonomy: Middlekauff (1983), Vilhelmsen et al. (2013). In Great Britain, Orussus abietinus (Scopoli, 1763) was recorded by Stephens (1835) upon two specimens caught by William Elford Leach in Darenth Wood and Devonshire around 1817. Morice (1904) recorded a more recent specimen taken at Hastings about 1880, but after re-examination this turned out to be Xiphydria prolongata (Geoffroy, 1785) (Xiphydriidae). Benson (1951) supposed O. abietinus "to have occurred in Britain in former times." Fossils The oldest members of Orussoidea, the group containing Orussidae and its close relatives, are known from the Middle Jurassic Karabastau Formation of Kazakhstan. The oldest known members of modern Orussidae are from the Late Cretaceous. Ophrynopus peritus Engel, 2008 was described from Dominican Amber, Baltorussus velteni Schedl, 2011 from Baltic Amber, Mesorussus taimyrensis Rasnitsyn, 1977 from the Late Cretaceous of Taimyr, Sibiria und Minyorussus luzzii Basibuyuk, Quicke & Rasnitsyn, 2000 from the Late Cretaceous of New Jersey. References External links Waspweb Excellent photographs of several Chalinus species. ECatSym Complete World catalog of sawflies and horntails, including the Orussidae. Sawfly families Parasitic wasps Neogene first appearances