Parachlamydiaceae is a family of bacteria in the order Chlamydiales. Species in this family have a Chlamydia–like cycle of replication and their ribosomal RNA genes are 80–90% identical to ribosomal genes in the Chlamydiaceae. The Parachlamydiaceae naturally infect amoebae and can be grown in cultured Vero cells. The Parachlamydiaceae are not recognized by monoclonal antibodies that detect Chlamydiaceae lipopolysaccharide. Phylogeny The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) Unassigned species: "Ca. Mesochlamydia elodeae" Corsaro et al. 2012 "Ca. Metachlamydia lacustris" Corsaro et al. 2010 Isolated Endosymbionts include: Hall's coccus P9 UV-7 endosymbiont of Acanthamoeba sp. TUME1 endosymbiont of Acanthamoeba sp. UWC22 endosymbiont of Acanthamoeba sp. UWE1 Uncultured lineages include: Neochlamydia turtle type 1 environmental Neochlamydia corvenA4 cvC15 cvC7 cvE5 Parachlamydia acanthamoebae has variable Gram staining characteristics and is mesophilic. Trophozoites of Acanthamoeba hosting these strains were isolated from asymptomatic women in Germany and also in an outbreak of humidifier fever (‘Hall’s coccus’) in Vermont USA. Four patients from Nova Scotia whose sera recognized Hall's coccus did not show serological cross-reaction with antigens from the Chlamydiaceae. Notes Metachlamydia lacustris and Protochlamydia species were found at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) but have no standing with the Bacteriological Code (1990 and subsequent Revision) as detailed by List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) as a result of the following reasons: • No pure culture isolated or available for prokaryotes. • Not validly published because the effective publication only documents deposit of the type strain in a single recognized culture collection. • Not approved and published by the International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology or the International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology (IJSB/IJSEM). See also List of bacterial orders List of bacteria genera References Chlamydiota