instead of In words like vjezd (entry, drive-in) objem (volume), are written because in such cases –je- is etymologically preceded by the prefixes v- or ob- is usually written instead of , except for morphological reasons in some words (jemný, soft -> jemně, softly) The first-person singular pronouns mě (for the genitive and accusative cases) and mně (for the dative and locative) are homophones —see Czech declension Letter Ů There are two ways in Czech to write long : and . cannot occur in an initial position, while occurs almost exclusively in the initial position or at the beginning of a word root in a compound. Historically, long changed into the diphthong (as also happened in the English Great Vowel Shift with words such as "house"), though not in word-initial position in the prestige form. In 1848 at the beginning of word-roots was changed into in words like to reflect this. Thus, the letter is written at the beginning of word-roots only: úhel (angle), trojúhelník (triangle), except in loanwords: skútr (scooter). Meanwhile, historical long changed into the diphthong . As was common with scribal abbreviations, the letter in the diphthong was sometimes written as a ring above the letter , producing , e.g. kóň > kuoň > kůň (horse), like the origin of the German umlaut. Later, the pronunciation changed into , but the grapheme has remained. It never occurs at the beginning of words: dům (house), domů (home, homeward). The letter now has the same pronunciation as the letter (long ), but alternates with a short when a word is inflected (e.g. nom. kůň → gen. koně, nom. dům → gen. domu), thus showing the historical evolution of the language. Agreement between the subject and the predicate The predicate must be always in accordance with the subject in the sentence - in number and person (personal pronouns), and with past and passive participles also in gender. This grammatical principle affects the orthography (see also "Soft" I and "Hard" Y) – it is especially important for the correct choice and writing of plural endings of the participles. Examples: The mentioned example shows both past (byl, byla ...) and passive (koupen, koupena ...) participles. The accordance in gender takes effect in the past tense and the passive voice, not in the present and future tenses in active voice. If the complex subject is a combination of nouns of different genders, masculine