gift from an "Egyptian charmer" who can almost read the thoughts of people. 1611: The Tempest by Shakespeare – Caliban, the only human inhabitant of the mythical island, is thought to be named after the word Kaliban meaning "black" or "with blackness" in Anglo-Romani. As the first Romani immigrants arrived in England a century before Shakespeare wrote The Tempest, it is thought he may have been influenced by looks and exoticised them. 1613: Miguel de Cervantes' novel La Gitanilla 1631: Ben Jonson's play Bartholomew Fair. A comedy set in London's Bartholomew Fair where a band of Romani entertain a crowd. 1722: Daniel Defoe's Moll Flanders. Moll's earliest memory is of wandering "among a group of people they call Gypsies or Egyptians" in England. 1798: William Wordsworth's poem, The Female Vagrant from Lyrical Ballads. A young homeless woman is welcomed by a band of Roma who take her in and offer her charity and companionship. 19th century 19th century: Guy de Maupassant's short stories. Romani appear in several short stories by the French writer. 19th century: John Clare's Vagabond in a Native Place. A selection of poems romanticizing the lives, culture, and wanderings of the English Romami people. 1815: Jane Austen's Emma. Roma make a brief appearance in Emma as children who bait Harriet in a lonely lane. Austen's description of the Romani is romanticized. 1815: Walter Scott's novel Guy Mannering. 1823: Scott's novel Quentin Durward. Called Bohemians. 1824: Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin's poem The Gypsies. 1831: Victor Hugo's novel The Hunchback of Notre Dame 1835: Karel Hynek Mácha's novel Cikáni (Gypsies; because of problems with a censorship, it was published only in 1857). 1841: Charles Dickens's The Old Curiosity Shop. Describes the first literary mention of an English Romanichal vardo or wagon. 1845: Robert Browning's "The Flight of the Duchess," loosely inspired by the English ballad The Raggle Taggle Gypsy. A Duchess runs away from her husband after speaking with an old Traveller woman. 1845: Prosper Mérimée's short story "Carmen", upon which the opera was based. 1847: Emily Brontë's novel Wuthering Heights. Heathcliff is described as looking like a Romani man and is presumed to be one by several characters, although this is never confirmed. 1847: Charlotte Brontë's Jane Eyre. English Romanies set up camp near Thornfield Hall, later Rochester disguises himself as an old Romani fortune teller in order to get Jane to confide her feelings for him. 1853: Matthew