path constrants associated with the execution, and using a constraint solver (generally, an SMT solver) to generate new inputs that would cause the program to take a different control-flow path, thus increasing code coverage of the test suite. DSE can considered a type of fuzzing ("white-box" fuzzing). Dynamic data-flow analysis Dynamic data-flow analysis tracks the flow of information from sources to sinks. Forms of dynamic data-flow analysis include dynamic taint analysis and even dynamic symbolic execution. Invariant inference Daikon is an implementation of dynamic invariant detection. Daikon runs a program, observes the values that the program computes, and then reports properties that were true over the observed executions, and thus likely true over all executions. Security analysis Dynamic analysis can be used to detect security problems. IBM Rational AppScan is a suite of application security solutions targeted for different stages of the development lifecycle. The suite includes two main dynamic analysis products: IBM Rational AppScan Standard Edition, and IBM Rational AppScan Enterprise Edition. In addition, the suite includes IBM Rational AppScan Source Edition—a static analysis tool. Concurrency errors Parasoft Jtest uses runtime error detection to expose defects such as race conditions, exceptions, resource and memory leaks, and security attack vulnerabilities. Intel Inspector performs run-time threading and memory error analysis in Windows. Parasoft Insure++ is a runtime memory analysis and error detection tool. Its Inuse component provides a graphical view of memory allocations over time, with specific visibility of overall heap usage, block allocations, possible outstanding leaks, etc. Google's Thread Sanitizer is a data race detection tool. It instruments LLVM IR to capture racy memory accesses. Program slicing For a given subset of a program’s behavior, program slicing consists of reducing the program to the minimum form that still produces the selected behavior. The reduced program is called a “slice” and is a faithful representation of the original program within the domain of the specified behavior subset. Generally, finding a slice is an unsolvable problem, but by specifying the target behavior subset by the values of a set of variables, it is possible to obtain approximate slices using a data-flow algorithm. These slices are usually used by developers during debugging to locate the source of errors. Performance analysis Most performance analysis tools use dynamic program analysis techniques. Techniques Most dynamic analysis techniques are based on some kind of code instrumentation or transformation. DynInst is a runtime code-patching library that is useful