the EEA, there have been no military conflict since 1945, making it the longest period of peace on the western European mainland since the Pax Romana. The European Union was awarded the 2012 Nobel Peace Prize in recognition of its efforts to maintain and actively foster peace within its borders as well as internationally through diplomatic means. Even though a number of armed conflicts occurred on the European peninsula after World War II, none of them have been between members of the European Union. Most of these conflicts have taken place in the former Yugoslavia and Soviet Union. List of wars in Europe during the post-WW2 period (Note: Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia can be considered part of Europe or Western Asia; they are listed here for completeness) Greek Civil War (Greece, 1946–1949) Northern Ireland Conflict, (1960s–1998) Basque conflict (1959–2011) Cyprus Emergency, (Greek Cypriots (EOKA) vs. United Kingdom, 1955–1959) Soviet invasion of Hungary (Soviet Union vs. Hungary, 1956) Invasion of Czechoslovakia (Soviet Union vs. Czechoslovakia, 1968) Turkish invasion of Cyprus (Cyprus vs. Turkey, 1974) Nagorno-Karabakh conflict (Armenia vs. Azerbaijan, 1988-present) Yugoslav Wars, 1991–2001 Ten-Day War (Slovenia vs. Yugoslavia, 1991) Croatian War of Independence (Croatia vs. Yugoslavia, 1991–1995) Bosnian War (Bosnia vs. Yugoslavia, 1992–1995) Kosovo War (Kosovo vs. Yugoslavia, 1998–1999) Insurgency in the Preševo Valley (UÇPMB vs. Yugoslavia, 1999–2001) 2001 insurgency in the Republic of North Macedonia (National Liberation Army vs. North Macedonia, 2001) Georgian Civil War (Georgia, 1991–1993) East Prigorodny Conflict (Ingush militia vs. Russia, 1992) War of Transnistria (Transnistria vs. Moldova, 1992) Chechen–Russian conflict First Chechen War (1994–1996) War of Dagestan (1999) Second Chechen War (1999–2000) Albanian Rebellion of 1997 (Albania, 1997) Russo-Georgian War (Georgia vs. Russia, 2008) Russo-Ukrainian War (2014–present) 2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation (2014) War in Donbass (2014–present) 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine Kumanovo clashes (National Liberation Army vs. North Macedonia, 2015) Wars involving European countries during the post-WW2 period Indonesian War of Independence (Netherlands) Suez Crisis (UK and France) First Indochina War (France) Algerian War (France) Ifni War (France and Spain) Bizerte crisis (France) Angolan War of Independence (Portugal) Dhofar Rebellion (UK) Guinea-Bissau War of Independence (Portugal) Mozambican War of Independence (Portugal) Shaba I and II (France and Belgium) Falklands War, 1982 (UK) Afghanistan War, 2001–2014 (NATO) Iraq War, 2003–2011 (UK and Poland) Military intervention in Libya, 2011 (NATO) Northern Mali conflict, 2012–2015 (France) Central African Republic conflict (France)