breeding seasons. It roosts and nests on the ground, its cryptic plumage helping it blend in with the surrounding leaf litter during the day. The bird builds nests in open areas with a bit of cover from surrounding logs and vegetation such as ferns and moss. Its nest consists of a shallow scrape and a few leaves, with one nest measured to be 1 cm deep and 14 cm wide. In this, the bird will lay a cream-colored egg with brown spots. Observed nests have typically contained only a single egg or chick which the parents raise for a month or more. When its offspring are threatened, the Satanic nightjar has been observed to spread its wings and tail, and gape widely, sometimes calling or agitating its body. Threats and conservation The IUCN red list ranks the Satanic nightjar as vulnerable. Its population is small, sparse, and confined within a limited range. It is estimated that there are between 2500-10000 mature individuals in the population, and this number is declining. It is mostly threatened by habitat loss due to urban development, agriculture (such as coconut plantations), logging, rattan harvesting, and mining, even in protected areas as some of these activities are done illegally. Most of the lowland forest of the region has largely vanished or become fragmented. Between 1990 and 2000 alone, 20% of forest cover was lost in the region. Regenerated secondary growth forests do provide habitat, but seem to harbour a smaller diversity of endemic Sulawesi birds than old-growth forests. Despite its small distribution, the bird can adapt to disturbed areas better than previously assumed as it uses the edge habitat along deforested areas. It has been sighted in two protected areas and ranges farther south than once thought. Because of this, some suggest its status should be downgraded to near threatened. No current programs are underway to monitor, manage, or raise awareness about the bird, and further surveys are needed to ascertain its distribution, requirements, and status. References External links BirdLife Species Factsheet Red Data Book Images of Eurostopodus diabolicus from Oriental Bird Club Eurostopodus Endemic birds of Sulawesi Birds described in 1931