methods such as the Michaels cuebid can. This second disadvantage can be overcome by changing the order of the two suits shown by each bid; methods include RCO, inverted Ghestem (Questem) and Specific Michaels (SpoDo), although the similar and quite popular CRO fails to achieve this. Variations Given that over a 1 opening the majors have to be introduced at three level, many partnerships who play Michaels have agreed that over an opposing 1 opening a modified structure applies that retains the availability of a natural 3 overcall: (1) - ?? 2NT : shows the lowest two unbid suits 2 : shows the top and bottom suits (i.e. blacks) 3 : natural 3 : shows the major suits To overcome the problem of having to introduce the majors at the three level over an opposing 1, and in order to retain the natural (1)-2 overcall (indicating a good 5+ card suit), some partnerships also apply a modified structure over 1: (1) - ?? 2NT : shows the lowest two unbid suits (i.e. reds) 3 : shows the pointed suits 2 : shows the majors 2 : Natural, lead-directional (like a 2 overcall over a 1// opening) A modified structure that allows the partnership to introduce the majors at the two-level after both minor suit openings is attributed to Garozzo: (1/1) - ?? 2NT : shows the lowest two unbid suits 2 : natural 2 : shows the major suits 3 : shows the top and bottom unbid suits (over 1 non-forcing) Notice that in this variation of Ghestem following a 1 opening, one retains the option to make a natural 2 overcall. This is valuable over an artificial Strong Club 1 opening. Alternatively, over natural minor-suit opening bids, the cuebid can be used to show both majors. As (1) - 3 is non-forcing, partnerships playing Ghestem à la Garozzo can use (1) - 3 to introduce very strong black two-suiters, or begin with a simple 1 overcall. Other combinations of bids to show the three pairs of suits are possible, such as CRO (Colour-Rank-Other), and have various advantages and disadvantages. See also Michaels cuebid Copenhagen Convention References Bridge conventions