use this expression to denote the European side, but simply call it Estambol. The inhabitants are called Estambulí or Estambullí. Hebrew In Hebrew, the city was sometimes referred to as "Kushtandina" , and sometimes "Kushtandina Rabati" , literally, Great Kushtandina, or shortened to "Kushta" , probably due to a distorted pronunciation of the Judaeo-Spanish Kostandina. This usage was common among non-Sephardic Jews until the early 20th century; however, in present-day Israel it has virtually disappeared, replaced by the Hebrew transliteration of the Turkish "Istanbul" (). Chinese Fulin (Fulin is the Chinese pronunciation of Polin) Lumi city (Lumi is the Chinese pronunciation of Rûm or Rumi) during the Ming dynasty Wulumu (originates from Rûm or Rumi), during the Qing dynasty Gongsidangdinebole , during the Qing dynasty Kangsitanyinuoge'er , during the Qing dynasty Junshitandingbao modern transcription of Constantinople, used when referring to the city in a historical sense Present-day Chinese uses transcriptions of the name Istanbul (Yisitanbu'er or Yisitanbao ) when referring to the modern city. Modern languages Most modern Western languages have adopted the name Istanbul for the modern city during the 20th century, following the current usage in the Turkish Republic. However, many languages also preserve other, traditional names. Greeks continue to call the city Constantinople (Κωνσταντινούπολη Konstantinupoli in Modern Greek) or simply "The City" (η Πόλη i Poli). Languages that use forms based on Stamboul include Russian, Polish (though the alternative form of Istambuł is also universally accepted and employed in many translations), Latvian, Lithuanian, Georgian and Albanian. The Albanian form is Stamboll; the Spanish form is Estambul; the Portuguese form is Istambul, with an m instead of an n; the Hungarian form is Isztambul, with the digraph sz pronounced /s/ in the Hungarian language. Armenian uses Polis/Bolis (Eastern and Western Armenian pronunciation, respectively), shortened from Kostandnupolis/Gostantnubolis (ultimately borrowed from Greek), although Stambul () from Istanbul is also used in everyday speech and officially used in the Republic of Armenia. Icelandic preserves the old Norse name Mikligarður, though the form Istanbúl is generally used. In Slovene Carigrad is still largely used and often preferred over the official name. See also "Istanbul (Not Constantinople)", a 1953 novelty song References Bibliography Constantinople Istanbul, Names of Istanbul, Names of Istanbul, Names of History of Istanbul Istanbul, Names of