to publish their ideas in their own language, in contrast to the journal published by the Royal Bohemian Academy of Sciences, which was published in German. With the renaissance of language, Czech culture flourished. Czech institutions were established to celebrate Czech history and culture. The National Theatre opened in 1883 and the National Museum in 1818. Literature of the Revival At the beginning of the Revival, written works focused more on developing the language and culture. Artistic works became more common towards the later phase of the Revival and it is in this period that some of the defining works of Czech Literature appeared. Possibly as a consequence of the domination of urban society by the German-speaking population at the start of the century, Czech writers of the period often looked to the countryside for inspiration. In a similar fashion to how the Brothers Grimm recorded German folklore, Karel Jaromír Erben wrote Prostonárodní české písně a říkadla (Czech Folk Songs and Nursery Rhymes) which brought together various folktales. The countryside was looked to as the true Bohemia, where Czech folklore and traditions had survived away from the foreign influences of the cities. This can be seen in the work of Božena Němcová, whose novel The Grandmother explores life in a rural East Bohemian village. Results Czech became the language of the elites, literature, and after the creation of Czechoslovakia also the internal language of bureaucracy. Today Czech serves as the official language of the Czech Republic; however, due to the Revivalists' reverence for the outdated language of the Kralice Bible, which they used as a model for their grammar and dictionaries, a gap emerged between the everyday, colloquial language, and the learned language of literature, which to a lesser extent still exists. See also Czech chemical nomenclature Institutions created by the Revival Czech National Museum National Theatre, Prague Matice česká References Czech literature Czech nationalism