of amino acids. Changes in the cell's permeability allows the efflux of amino acids during recovery. Hypo-osmotic stress is correlated with extracellular ATP release. ATP is used to activate purinergic receptors. These receptors regulate sodium and potassium levels on either side of the cell membrane. Osmotic damage in humans See also Osmolyte Myo-Inositol Taurine and Taurine-transporting ATPase Creatine Betaines Trimethylglycine – A Betaine and metabolite of Choline Sorbitol Glycerophosphocholine References Cell biology