work, English, second language, innovation in science and engineering, company economy Year three Three specialities to choose from: Laser technology, signal processing applied to imaging, non-linear electromagnetism, optronics, telecommunications, computer sciences (C++ language) Three specialities to choose from: Imaging, opto-electronic components, micro-optics, turbulence imaging, near field microscopy, nanophotonics, plasma, computer sciences (optical design software), micro-fabrication, radar, economy courses at the HEC school in Paris Three specialities to choose from: Opto-mechanical surfaces, bio-physics, bio-photonics, visualization, quantum optics, pattern recognition, optical sensors, photometric engineering, HEC courses Compulsory subjects: English, project management, company and contract law, patents, project work (20–30 days) Post-graduate studies Graduates from a university (with a French diploma or degree "DUT", "BTS", "licence", "master" or a foreign degree) can be admitted in the first or second year of the ESO engineering diploma programme. Graduates from the École polytechnique and from the École normale supérieure Paris-Saclay can be admitted in the fifth years of this programme. The Institut d'optique Graduate School organizes also a national research master programme in two years () for graduate students with a licence or an equivalent foreign degree. Students in the ESO engineering diploma programme have also access to this programme. A doctorate in optics can be prepared in the internationally recognized research laboratory of Institut d'optique, the Laboratoire Charles Fabry; the doctor's degree is awarded by the Université Paris-Sud or the École polytechnique. Research Research teams and activities Most research groups are part of the Charles Fabry Laboratory since 1998, which is associated to the CNRS and the Université Paris-Sud. Patrick Georges is the director of the laboratory. In 2022, it is composed of 64 permanent staff and 67 PhD students. In 2022, the different research groups of the laboratory are: "Quantum Gases" group (head: Alain Aspect, Christoph Westbrook, Denis Boiron, Isabelle Bouchoule) : study of ultra-cold atomic gases (He*, Rb, K, Sr) (atom optics, Bose-Hubbard systems in 2D and 3D with individual atom detection, condensates mixtures with tunable interactions, 3D Anderson localization, 1D Bose gases on atom chip). The first metastable helium (He*) Bose-Einstein condensate was produced in 2001. "Quantum optics" group (head: Philippe Grangier, Antoine Browaeys, Rosa Tualle-Brouri) : foundations of quantum mechanics, quantum communications and cryptography, non-classical states generation and manipulation, Rydberg atoms tweezers arrays for quantum simulation and computing (Rb), collective effects in light-atoms interactions (Rb, Dy). The group pioneered the trapping and manipulation of single neutral Rydberg atoms in optical