Da Costa, 1961. Xiphinema brevisicum Lamberti & al., 1994. Xiphinema cadavalense Bravo & Roca, 1995. Xiphinema coronatum Roca, 1991. Xiphinema coxi Tarjan, 1964. Xiphinema coxi coxi Tarjan, 1964. Xiphinema coxi europaeum Sturhan, 1985. Xiphinema dentatum Sturhan, 1978. Xiphinema diffusum Lamberti & Bleve-Zacheo, 1979. Xiphinema dissimile Roca & al., 1988. Xiphinema diversicaudatum (Micoletzky, 1927) — nématode migrant des racines. Xiphinema diversum Roca & al., 1989. Xiphinema duriense Lamberti & al., 1993. Xiphinema elongatum Schuurmans Stekhoven & Teunissen, 1938. Xiphinema exile Roca & al., 1989. Xiphinema fortuitum Roca & al., 1988. Xiphinema gersoni Roca & Bravo, 1993. Xiphinema globosum Sturhan, 1978. Xiphinema hispidum Roca & Bravo, 1994. Xiphinema histriae Lamberti & al., 1993. Xiphinema horvatovicae Barsi & Lamberti, 1999. Xiphinema illyricum Barsi & Lamberti, 1999. Xiphinema incertum Lamberti & al., 1983. Xiphinema incognitum Lamberti & Bleve-Zacheo, 1979. Xiphinema index Thorne & Allen, 1950. Xiphinema ingens Luc & Dalmasso, 1964. Xiphinema insigne Xiphinema intermedium Lamberti & Bleve-Zacheo, 1979. Xiphinema italiae Meyl, 1953. Xiphinema lafoense Roca & al., 1988. Xiphinema lanceolatum Roca & Bravo, 1993. Xiphinema lapidosum Roca & Bravo, 1993. Xiphinema longistilum Lamberti & al., 1994. Xiphinema lupini Roca & Pereira, 1993. Xiphinema lusitanicum Sturhan, 1983. Xiphinema macedonicum Barsi & Lamberti, 1999. Xiphinema macroacanthum Lamberti & al., 1989. Xiphinema madeirense Brown & al., 1992. Xiphinema melitense Lamberti & al., 1982. Xiphinema mesostilum Lamberti & al., 1994. Xiphinema microstilum Lamberti & al., 1994. Xiphinema neovuittenezi Dalmasso, 1969. Xiphinema opisthohysterum Siddiqi, 1961. Xiphinema pachtaicum (Tulaganov, 1938). Xiphinema pachydermum Sturhan, 1983. Xiphinema pombalense Bravo & Lamberti, 1996. Xiphinema porosum Roca & Agostinelli, 1986. Xiphinema pseudocoxi Sturhan, 1985. Xiphinema pyrenaicum Dalmasso, 1969. Xiphinema radicicola Goodey, 1936. Xiphinema riparium Chizhov & al., 1991. Xiphinema rivesi Dalmasso, 1969. Xiphinema rotundatum Schuurmans Stekhoven & Teunissen, 1938. Xiphinema sahelense Dalmasso, 1969. Xiphinema santos Lamberti & al., 1993. Xiphinema silvesi Roca & Bravo, 1998. Xiphinema simile Lamberti & al., 1983. Xiphinema taylori Lamberti & al., 1992. Xiphinema turcicum Luc & Dalmasso, 1964. Xiphinema variurum Barsi & Lamberti, 1998. Xiphinema vuittenezi Luc & al., 1964. Distribution The genus Xiphinema is distributed worldwide. Two economically important Xiphinema species, X.index and X.americanum, are both commonly found in California and tend to be problematic in vineyards. X. diversicaudatum is also found in parts of the U.S, as well as Europe and Australia. Life cycle and reproduction Eggs are laid singly in thin water layers in the soil and are not part of an egg mass. After