part takes place elsewhere. At this stage, each student is known as a Bakal Pegawai Kadet, or Potential Officer Cadet in English, and is followed by their batch name, for example, Bakal Pegawai Kadet Ambilan 19. Physical Fitness Test (Phase 1) Each potential officer cadet must pass a series of physical fitness tests in accordance with Malaysian Armed Forces standards. Among the tests are the following: Cardiovascular evaluation: run in less than 15 minutes. sprint in less than 11 seconds. Strength evaluation: Standing broad jump more than . 35 sit-ups in less than a minute. Medical Examination (Phase 2) Each potential officer cadet must be examined to ensure that they do not have any chronic conditions, such as heart disease. They were also tested for asthma, hypertension and colorblindness. Personality Test (Phase 3) In phase 3, potential officer cadets are directed to their ROTU branches. They must pass an interview, which is usually done at the respective military bases; for example, the Universiti Malaysia Pahang Navy ROTU went to the RMN Kuantan Naval Base. Oath-taking ceremony All potential officer cadets who have completed all phases must take their oath in front of the Commanding Officer of the military base before beginning their phase as an officer cadet. Training The ROTU training that officer cadets must undergo is determined by their ROTU branches. Depending on the year of study, their instruction is divided into three phases. After completing all three phases of ROTU, officer cadets are commissioned as reserves officers. Undergraduate students whose programmes are only three years long will graduate from the university and continue to serve as reserves officers at military camps near them, whereas undergraduate students whose programmes are longer than three years long, such as engineering or medical programmes, can help train their ROTU units as full-fledged military officers. Cadets benefits Students compete for ROTU slots because of the benefits that come with being selected as a cadet and being commissioned as a military reserve officer. Military training Depending on the ROTU branch, cadets receive military training comparable to that of the regular army. The training is customised to the cadets' phases. In the Army ROTU, for example, cadets must learn different types of weapons based on their stage. Junior cadets must be skilled at using a combat rifle; intermediate cadets must know how to use a grenade launcher and light machine guns; and senior cadets must