its practical roots in media communication, it is widely researched in the area of information theory. A related technology is layered coding, which also produces multiple compressed streams, but with a hierarchy between these streams. References V. K. Goyal, "Multiple Description Coding: Compression Meets the Network," IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, vol. 18, no. 5, pp. 74–94, Sept. 2001. R. Puri and K. Ramchandran, “Multiple description source coding through forward error correction codes,” IEEE Proceedings Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems, and Computers, Asilomar, CA, October 1999. A. Farzamnia, S. K. Syed-Yusof, N. Fisal, and S. A. Abu-Bakar, "Investigation of Error Concealment Using Different Transform Codings and Multiple Description Codings," Journal of Electrical Engineering, vol. 63, pp. 171–179, 2012. Ilan Sadeh, "The rate distortion region for coding in stationary systems", Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, vol. 6, No. 1, 123-136, 1996. Coding theory