the first-stage juvenile emerges from the egg there are 3 or 4 molts, all of which occur in the soil. Males can be abundant or sparse depending on the species, which may suggest the presence of both parthenogenic and amphimictic species. Host parasite relationship Xiphinema has a very wide host range including crops of high economic importance such as grape, hops and strawberry. Other documented hosts include: Nectarine, oak, rose, grapevine, raspberry, carrot, cherry, peach, and soybean. References Bibliography Plant parasitic nematodes: Genus Xiphinema. University of North Carolina Yu He. Molecular approach to Longidoridae (Nematoda: Dorylaimida): organelle genomics, phylogeny, population diversity and diagnostics. Doctoral thesis, Applied Biological Sciences, University of Ghent 2003 Agricultural pest nematodes Longidoridae Enoplea genera