Finite Integration Algorithm"), was sold by CST, a university spin-off from TU Darmstadt founded in 1992 to commercialize the FIT method originally invented in 1977 by Thomas Weiland. Although the software was initially developed for particle accelerator laboratories, it found application in microwave engineering, and so FIT was implemented in CST Microwave Studio (CST MWS) in 1998, which became CST Studio Suite in 2005. CST was acquired by Dassault Systèmes in 2016, and since then CST Studio Suite has been a product of Simulia. The time domain FIT method uses a proprietary meshing technique called perfect boundary approximation (PBA) to represent curved surfaces in a hexahedral mesh, and there is also a frequency domain FEM solver. Other methods include the MLFMM and shooting boundary ray EM solvers. There are also multiphysics solvers such as PIC, wakefield, thermal and structural mechanics. The computer aided design (CAD) tools and 3D geometry engine in CST Studio Suite are based on the ACIS kernel. Hardware acceleration is provided by both Nvidia GPUs and Intel Xeon Phi. As an electromagnetic design tool, CST Studio Suite is chiefly used in industries such as telecommunications, defense, automotive, aerospace, electronics and medical equipment. One application of CST Studio Suite is the design and placement of antennas and other radio-frequency components. The antenna systems on the BepiColombo Mercury Planetary Orbiter were developed using CST Studio Suite to investigate their radiation pattern and possible electromagnetic interference. Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – the analysis and mitigation of interference and electromagnetic environmental effects – is another application, because simulation allows potential issues to be identified earlier in the design process than physical testing alone can. Similarly, CST Studio Suite is also used to analyze signal integrity – the quality of electric signal transmission – on printed circuit boards and other electronics. Other areas of research where CST Studio Suite has been applied include accelerator physics, biological electromagnetics, nanotechnology and metamaterials. References Software companies based in Rhode Island Software companies established in 1978 Companies based in Providence, Rhode Island 1978 establishments in Rhode Island Software companies of the United States