Prize Medicine Roberto Landell de Moura (1861–1928),pioneer of telephony Martha E. Bernal (1931–2001), psychologist Silvano Raia,Raia was the first surgeon to achieve a successful living donor liver transplantation in July 1989 Francisco José de Caldas (1768–1818), naturalist, mathematician, geographer and inventor Fernando Caldeiro (born 1958), NASA astronaut Rosaly Lopes (born 1957),is a planetary geologist,volcanologist,an author of numerous scientific papers and several books Víctor A. Carreño (1911–1967), NASA aerospace engineer Nabor Carrillo Flores (1911–1967), nuclear physicist Carlos Chagas (1879–1934), physician and scientist Franklin Chang Díaz (born 1950), NASA astronaut Nitza Margarita Cintrón (born 1950), NASA Chief of Space and Health Care Systems Bartolomeu de Gusmão(1685–1724),Catholic priest,pioneer of aviation,the inventor of the balloon, became known as the "flying priest" Aracely Quispe Neira (born 1982), NASA senior astronautical engineer, professor, researcher Jacinto Convit (1913–2014), medical scientist, discoverer of vaccines Oswaldo Cruz (1872–1917), physician, bacteriologist, epidemiologist René Favaloro (1923–2000), cardiologist, created the technique for coronary bypass Humberto Fernández-Morán (1924–1999), medical research scientist Carolina Araujo,Mathematician,She is included in a deck of playing cards featuring notable women mathematicians published by the Association of Women in Mathematics Orlando Figueroa (born 1955), NASA Director for Mars Exploration and for Solar System Division Carlos Finlay (1833–1915), medical scientist, researcher Hércules Florence (1804–1879),pioneer of photography Julio Garavito Armero (1865–1920), astronomer Guillermo González Camarena (1917–1965), inventor of an early color television system Adelmar Faria Coimbra-Filho (1924–2016),biologist,primatologist, He is a pioneer in studies of and conservation of lion tamarins Juan Gundlach (1810–1896), naturalist, taxonomist Salomón Hakim (1922–2011), physician and scientist Sérgio Henrique Ferreira (1934–2016), physician and pharmacologist,discovered the active principle of a drug for hypertension Guillermo Haro (1913–1988), astrophysicist, specialist in observational astronomy Bernardo Houssay (1887–1971), physiologist, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine Johanna Döbereiner (born 1924),agronomist,a pioneer in soil biology Miguel de Icaza (born 1972), free software programmer Luis Federico Leloir (1906–1987), biochemist, Nobel Prize in Chemistry Domingo Liotta (1924–2022), cardiologist, created first artificial heart Adolfo Lutz (1855–1940),father of tropical medicine and a pioneer epidemiologist and researcher in infectious diseases Humberto Maturana (1928–2021), biologist, co-author of the theory of autopoiesis César Milstein (1927–2002), biochemist, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine Carlos Paz de Araújo,scientist and inventor, holds nearly 600 patents in the area of nanotechnology Luis E. Miramontes (1925–2004), chemist, co-inventor of the oral contraceptive Mario J. Molina (born 1943), chemist, Nobel Prize in Chemistry Nise da Silveira (1905–1999), psychiatrist and mental health reformer Salvador Moncada (born 1944), pharmacologist Rodolfo Neri