the Sayan Mountains on the Mongolian-Russian border; and in elevation from 1800 m to 5400 m. They are extremely shy and hard to spot, and as such not well known. It is believed that there are about 200 in Ladakh. While tourists are unlikely to see leopards themselves, during winter the footprints and other marks are not uncommon. Other cats in Ladakh are even rarer than the snow leopard: the lynx (), numbering only a few individuals, and the Pallas's cat, which looks somewhat like a house cat. The Tibetan wolf () is the greatest threat to the livestock of the Ladakhis and as such is the most persecuted. There are only about 300 wolves left in Ladakh. There are also a very few brown bears ( / ) in the Suru valley and the area around Dras. The red fox is common, and Tibetan sand fox has recently been discovered in this region (both: ). Among smaller animals, marmots () are common; you can even sometimes see them from the road, although they do not look very different from the marmots common to other mountainous areas of the world. There are also plenty of hares (), and several types of voles and pika (both: / ). A full list of mammals based on Pfister is as follows: Snow leopard (Uncia uncia) Lynx (Lynx lynx) Pallas's cat (Otocolobus manul) Wolf (Canis lupus) Red fox (Vulpes vulpes) Tibetan sand fox (Vulpes ferrilata) Dhole (Cuon alpinus) Brown bear (Ursus arctos) Stoat (Mustela erminea) Mountain weasel (Mustela altaica) Stone marten (Martes foina) Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra) Kiang (Equus kiang) Musk deer (Moschus chrysogaster) Yak (Bos grunniens) Tibetan gazelle (Procapra picticaudata) Tibetan antelope/Chiru (Pantholops hodgsoni) Bharal (Pseudois nayaur) Ibex (Capra ibex) Tibetan argali (Ovis ammon hodgsoni) Ladakh urial (Ovis vignei) Himalayan marmot (Marmota bobak) Long tailed marmot (Marmota caudata) Silvery mountain vole (Alticola argentatus) Royle's mountain vole (Alticola stoliczkanus) Cape hare (Lepus capensis) Wooly hare (Lepus oiostolus) Plateau pika (Ochotona curzoniae) Ladakh pika (Ochotona ladacensis) Nubra pika (Ochotona nubrica) Large-eared pika (Ochotona macrotis) Royle's pika (Ochotona roylei) References External links Slide show of wildlife of Ladakh Birding Hotspot: Ladakh - a high-altitude melting-pot Adair, F E S (1899) A summer in high Asia. W. Thacker and Co. Scanned book Ladakh Biota of Ladakh Ladakh