The state of Himachal Pradesh is spread over an area and is bordered by Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh on the north, Punjab on the southwest, Haryana on the south, Uttarakhand on the southeast, a small border with Uttar Pradesh in the south (touching Sirmaur), and Tibet on the east. Entire Himachal Pradesh lies in the mountainous Himalaya region, rich in natural resources Topography Rivers The territory of Himachal Pradesh encompasses the Indus and Ganges river basins. Of the five major tributaries of the Indus river, four: Chenab, Ravi, ———–°≈≈Beas and Sutlej flow through the state, with the first three originating in the state. Some Himalayan tributaries of the Yamuna, which is itself a tributary of Ganga, also originate in the state. The Chandra and Bhaga rivers rise in the Lahaul region, joining near Keylong and forming the Chandrabhaga, or Chenab, which then flows northwestwards through the Pangi valley into Jammu and Kashmir. The Ravi river rises at Bara Bhangal in Kangra district and then flows westwards through the Chamba valley. Beas flows south from its source at Beas Kund near Manali through the Kullu valley, where it is joined by tributaries Parvati, Sainj and Tirthan. Near Aut it takes a turn and flows west through a gorge towards Mandi, and is joined by the Uhl tributary. It flows onwards through the Kangra valley, where it is dammed to form the Maharana Pratap Sagar reservoir. Satluj river enters the state from Tibet near Shipki La, flowing through the Kinnaur region where its tributaries Spiti and Baspa join it. The river is dammed at Bhakra to form the Gobind Sagar reservoir. Pabbar and Giri rivers are two tributaries of the Yamuna that originate in southeastern Himachal, and flow through the districts of Shimla and Sirmour. The Ghaggar river, a monsoonal river, also originates in the state. Habitation Himachal Pradesh has 49 cities and towns. The smallest town is Naina Devi and the largest is Shimla with a total state population of 6,856,509. Urban population is only 7.5% of the state population. Most of the population reside in rural areas. Flora and fauna Himachal is well known for its rich flora. Forests covered about 27.72% (15,433 sq.km) of the state's area in 2019 which is higher than the national average. It contains a wide variety of forests. At the lowest elevations of the state, along the borders with neighbouring Punjab and Haryana,