Cavanagh, ed. Encyclopedia of the Age of Imperialism, 1800-1914 (2 vol. 2007), Focus on European leaders Langer, William. An Encyclopedia of World History (5th ed. 1973), very detailed outline; 6th edition ed. by Peter Stearns (2001) has more detail on Third World McAlister, Lyle N. Spain and Portugal in the New World, 1492-1700 (1984) Ness, Immanuel and Zak Cope, eds. The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Imperialism and Anti-Imperialism (2 vol 2015), 1456pp Osterhammel, Jürgen: Colonialism: A Theoretical Overview, Princeton, NJ: M. Wiener, 1997. Page, Melvin E. ed. Colonialism: An International Social, Cultural, and Political Encyclopedia (3 vol. 2003); vol. 3 consists of primary documents; vol. 2 pages 647-831 has a detailed chronology Porter, Andrew. European Imperialism, 1860-1914 (1996), Brief survey focuses on historiography Roberts, Stephen H. History of French Colonial Policy (1870-1925) (2 vol 1929) vol 1 online also vol 2 online; comprehensive scholarly history Savelle, Max. Empires to Nations: Expansion in America, 1713-1824 (1975) Smith, Tony. The Pattern of Imperialism: The United States, Great Britain and the Late-Industrializing World Since 1815 (1981) Townsend, Mary Evelyn. European colonial expansion since 1871 (1941). Wilson, Henry. The Imperial Experience in Sub-Saharan Africa since 1870 (1977) History of European colonialism Social ethics colonialism and colonization, Western European Articles containing video clips Historiography by topic Western European colonialism and colonization Western culture