points. Hybrid positioning systems are increasingly being explored for certain civilian and commercial location-based services and location-based media, which need to work well in urban areas in order to be commercially and practically viable. Early works in this area include the Place Lab project, which started in 2003 and went inactive in 2006. Later methods let smartphones combine the accuracy of GPS with the low power consumption of cell-ID transition point finding. In 2022, the satellite-free positioning system SuperGPS with higher-resolution than GPS using existing telecommunications networks was demonstrated. See also 3D scanning Assisted GPS Dynamic positioning Eye tracking Geodesy Geolocation Handheld tracker Indoor positioning system (IPS) Local positioning system Mobile phone tracking Motion capture Multilateration Real-time locating system Resection (navigation) Surveying Virtual reality References Further reading Navigation Surveying Geodesy Geopositioning eo:Birilo