two syllables are reduplicated. Nouns Rightwards reduplicated nouns can either take on a meaning related to the original word, or function as an agentive marker: {| border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" style="border-collapse:collapse" |- |||snake |- |||worm |- |colspan="3"| |- |||the work |- |||worker |} Adjectives Here are two examples of how number can be marked on the adjective through the different kinds of reduplication: Rightward reduplication (singular) {| border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" style="border-collapse:collapse" |- |||ripe banana |- |||the big man |} Leftward reduplication (plural) {| border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" style="border-collapse:collapse" |- |||ripe bananas |- |||the big men |} Verb aspects The verb The verb always marks the subject and the mood; these are fused together. Optional suffixes include such things as object, direction, aspectual markers, benefactive and various kinds of intensifiers and quantifiers. Here is a schematical overview of the Manam verb: Subject marking The marking of subject is obligatory. In addition to expressing number and person, the pronouns have fused with the mood markers (see below) called realis and irrealis. Mood The realis mood () is used for actual events of the past or present, i.e. things that are certain to have happened, things that are "real". Accordingly, the irrealis () mood describes anticipated events in the future, or events that the speaker wishes were real. Manner prefixes Manner prefixes are found between the subject/mood marker and the verb root. The manner prefixes describe in what manner the verb action was done, such as 'biting', 'cutting', 'throwing' etc. Object marking Transitivization There are three different morphologically overt methods for turning intransitive verbs into transitive ones: The prefix can occur between the person/mood marker and the verb root. The suffix can occur between the verb root and the outer suffixes. The so-called "transitive consonant" (TC) can occur between the verb root and the outer suffixes. These methods can be combined. Optional suffixes The object suffixes are also optional, but rather common. Here are a few examples of some of the more unusual suffix types: Direction Spreading Intensifying Benefactive Adjectives Most adjectives are derived by reduplication from a verb or a noun. As seen above, some reduplicated adjectives have a number distinction, but some others do not, e.g. 'small' (singular and plural). Some adjectives use the possessive pronouns to mark person and number, e.g. 'selfish' (singular) and 'selfish' (plural). Possession As in many other Austronesian languages, Manam expresses different degrees of possession. In addition to