of the Congo, on January 17. 1961: Formation of the Conferência das Organizações Nacionalistas das Colónias Portuguesas on April 18 in Casablanca, Morocco (PAIGC, MPLA, FRELIMO and MLSTP). 1961: Creation of the Non-Aligned Movement. 1961: Soviet premier Khrushchev declares that the Soviet Union would support all "national liberation movements". 1961: Publication of Frantz Fanon' The Wretched of the Earth. 1961: October 17 Paris massacre. 1961: Indian annexation of Goa ends Portuguese India (Goa, Dadra, Nagar Haveli, Daman and Diu). 1961–1974: Portuguese Colonial War; See also Angolan War of Independence (1961-1989). 1962: Évian Accords halts the Algerian War and puts end to French rule in North-Africa. 1963 to the fall of the Berlin Wall 1963: Assassination of Sylvanus Olympio on January 13, first president of Togo; he is replaced by Gnassingbé Eyadéma, who ruled over Togo until his death in 2005. 1965–1975: Vietnam War. 1965: Assassination of Mehdi Ben Barka, leader of the UNPF and of the Tricontinental Conference. 1965: Joseph Mobutu becomes the dictator of the Democratic Republic of Congo until his overthrow in 1997 by Laurent-Désiré Kabila. 1969: Assassination of Eduardo Mondlane, leader of the FRELIMO. 1970s: Independence of the former Portuguese colonies, following the April 25, 1974 Carnation Revolution and the Portuguese Colonial War . 1971: Independence of Bangladesh following the war with Pakistan. 1971: Publication of Eduardo Galeano's Open Veins of Latin America. 1971: Publication of Gustavo Gutiérrez's A Theology of Liberation: History, Politics, Salvation. 1973: Assassination of Amilcar Cabral, leader of the African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde (PAIGC) on January 20. 1973: The PAIGC proclaims the independence of Guinea-Bissau on September 24. 1975: Portugal recognizes Mozambique's independence on June 25 and Angola on November 11. November 1975: Green March during which Morocco annexes Western Sahara, formerly part of Spanish Morocco. 1979: Soviet invasion of Afghanistan and start of the "Second Cold War". 1980: The UN reaches 154 member states. 1980: Assassination of Óscar Romero, prelate archbishop of San Salvador and proponent of the Liberation theology, on March 24. 1982: Latin American debt crisis (in particular in Mexico, Brazil and Argentina). 1988: Assassination of Dulcie September, member of the African National Congress. 1989: Operation Just Cause against Manuel Noriega. 1990: Independence of Namibia, the UN reaches 159 states. 1990s onwards 1994: Nelson Mandela becomes president of South Africa in the nation's first all race election, ending colonial apartheid in the country. 2001: