for bilingual education (English and Chamorro). One US territory is trilingual: Northern Marianas Islands (English, Chamorro, and Carolinian). In US, states with a large historic (New Spain and First Mexican Empire) and recently arrived Spanish-speaking population such as California, Nevada, Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Texas and Florida will often provide government services at the municipal level in Spanish as well as English. For example, in Florida, Hialeah recognizes both English and Spanish while Miami recognizes English and Spanish as official government languages. Hopi Tribe constitution (Arizona) provides for specific requirements for Hopi language skills for officials German is spoken due to Amish, German, Austrian and Swiss people. In Pennsylvania, the Pennsylvania Dutch dialect is spoken. South America Argentina has several ethnic communities of European, Asian and indigenous origins (the Andean and northeast regions), who speak their own languages, but uses de facto Spanish as the official language of the country. In most of the country, there is a sizable but bilingual Italian-speaking population. Chaco Province recognises Qom, Moqoit y Wichi as official languages of the province along with Spanish Corrientes Province Guarani is recognised as the second official language Santiago del Estero Province gives official recognition to Quechua in its constitution Bolivia is officially multilingual, supporting Spanish and 36 native languages. Brazil, Portuguese (official) and upwards to 100 languages spoken mainly in the urban areas (European and Asian) and indigenous languages in the Amazon. The use of indigenous languages in primary education is enshrined in the constitution. Espírito Santo — German and East Pomeranian are recognized by constitution as part of the state's cultural heritage Chile uses de facto Spanish as official language, but there are not an act that declares officiality. The Indigenous Act ratified in 1992 permites the official usage of four indigenous languages: Aimara, Mapudungun, Quechua and Rapa Nui (Easter Island in Polynesia) inside the indigenous communities and areas with high native population density. In the southern portion, there is a sizable but bilingual German-speaking population. Colombia The official language is Spanish. Languages of ethnic groups are official in their territories. English is co-official in San Andres and Providencia. Ecuador defines Spanish as its official language, but Spanish, Quechua and Shuar — as official languages of intercultural relations in the Article 2 of the 2008 Constitution. Falkland Islands, English is the official & dominant language. Spanish is spoken by a minority of the population who comes from