subsp. scopulorum (Summerh.) H.Sund. ex H.Kretzschmar, Eccarius & H.Dietr. Orchis mascula subsp. speciosa (Mutel) Hegi Synonyms Orchidactyla kromayeri (M.Schulze) & Soó 1966 Orchidactyla pentecostalis (Wettst. & Sennholz) Borsos & Soó 1966 Orchidactyla speciosissima (Wettst. & Sennholz) Borsos & Soó 1966 Orchis brevicornis var. fallax De Not. 1844 Orchis cochleata Fleischm. & M.Schulze 1902 Orchis compressiflora Stokes 1812 Orchis fallax (De Not.) Willk. in Willk. & J.M.C.Lange 1861 Orchis glaucophylla A.Kern. 1864 Orchis kromayeri M.Schulze 1904 Orchis mascula f. longifolia Landwehr 1977 Orchis mascula subsp. occidentalis O.Schwarz 1949 Orchis mascula subsp. signifera (Vest) Soó 1927 Orchis mascula subsp. tenera (Landwehr) 1999 Orchis mascula var. acutiflora W.D.J.Koch 1837 Orchis mascula var. bicolor Balayer 1986 Orchis mascula var. fallax E.G.Camus 1889 Orchis mascula var. hostii Patze, E.Mey. & 1848 Orchis mascula var. maritzii J.A.Guim. 1887 Orchis mascula var. monsignatica Font Quer 1928 Orchis mascula var. obtusiflora W.D.J.Koch 1837 Orchis mascula var. speciosa Mutel 1836 Orchis mascula var. tenera Landwehr 1977 Orchis monsignatica (Font Quer) Rivas Goday 1941 Orchis morio f. mascula L. 1753 Orchis morio var. mascula L. 1753 (basionym) Orchis obtusa Schur 1866 Orchis obtusiflora Schur 1853 Orchis olivetorum Gren. ex Nyman 1882 Orchis ovalis F.W.Schmidt 1791 Orchis parreissii C.Presl 1845 Orchis patens var. fallax (De Not.) Rchb.f. 1851 Orchis pentecostalis Wettst. & Sennholz 1889 Orchis signifera Vest 1824 Orchis speciosa Host 1831 Orchis speciosissima Wettst. & Sennholz 1889 Orchis stabiana Tenore 1833 Orchis tenera (Landwehr) Kreutz 1991 Orchis untchji M.Schulze 1907 Orchis vernalis Salisbury 1796 Orchis wanjkovii E.Wulff 1930 Orchis wilmsii K.Richt. 1890 Cultivation and uses A flour called salep or sachlav is made of the ground tubers of this or some other species of orchids. It contains a nutritious starch-like polysaccharide called glucomannan. In some magical traditions, its root is called Adam and Eve Root. It is said that witches used tubers of this orchid in love potions. Culture and symbolism Orchis mascula is commonly thought to be the plant referred to as "long purples" in Shakespeare's Hamlet (Act 4, Scene 7): Therewith fantastic garlands did she make Of crow-flowers, nettles, daisies, and long purples, That liberal shepherds give a grosser name, But our cold maids do dead men's fingers call them. It is not known which "grosser name" Shakespeare might have had in mind, but folk names given to plants in the Orchis family, based on their resemblance to testicles, include "dogstones", "dog's cods", "cullions" and "fool's ballocks". However,