Although the mammals are well studied in comparison to other animal groups, a number of new species are still being discovered. This list includes extant mammal species discovered, formally named, or brought to public light in the year 2000 or later. Notable subspecies are also included, as are mammals rediscovered after being declared, or seriously suspected to be, extinct. Newly discovered fossils are not included. Marsupials At least five new species of marsupials have been discovered since 2000: The delta opossum (Philander deltae); The Mondolfi's four-eyed opossum (Philander mondolfii); The Arfak pygmy bandicoot (Microperoryctes aplini); The short-eared possum (Trichosurus caninus); The red-bellied gracile opossum (Cryptonanus ignitus). Elephants In 2001, genetic evidence emerged that the African elephant (Loxodonta africana), once thought to be a single species, was in fact two, as the smaller African forest elephant was in fact a distinct species (Loxodonta cyclotis). L. africana is now commonly referred to as the African bush elephant. Strictly speaking, this is not a newly discovered species, but simply an alternative taxonomic treatment, as cyclotis already was widely recognized, but only as a subspecies. Sloths The pygmy three-toed sloth (Bradypus pygmaeus) was named in 2001, after its discovery in the mangrove swamps of Isla Escudo de Veraguas, a tiny island off the western coast of Panama. They weigh 40% less than mainland sloths, are 20% smaller, and have a distinctive fringe of long hair. Primates Since 2000, at least 25 new species of primate have been described—16 lemurs and nine monkeys, including the golden palace monkey or Madidi titi, named by auction. Lagomorphs Three species of lagomorph have been described in the 21st century: the black pika, Ochotona nigritia, the Venezuelan lowland rabbit, Sylvilagus varynaensis, and the Annamite striped rabbit, Nesolagus timminsi. Rodents A number of rodents are described each year. Notable among those described since 2000 are the Cypriot mouse, Mus cypriacus, and the Laotian rock rat, Laonastes aenigmamus, which represents a family (Diatomyidae) thought to be extinct since the Miocene, and has been described as a living fossil. Bats At least 30 new species of bat have been described since 2000. The new species were found in Africa, Latin America, Asia, Oceania, and Europe. Even-toed ungulates Since 2000, several new species of cetartiodactyl have been described, including three aquatic species (the Australian snubfin dolphin, Perrin's beaked whale, and Omura's whale) and three terrestrial ungulates (Roosevelt's muntjac, the giant forest peccary and