, Plants of the World Online accepted the following species: Ephedra alata Decne. – North Africa, Arabian Peninsula Ephedra altissima Desf. non-Bové (1834), non-Delile (1813), non-Buch (1828) – North Africa, Canary Islands Ephedra americana Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd. – Bolivia, Ecuador, Peru, Argentina, Chile Ephedra antisyphilitica Berland ex C.A.Mey. – Clapweed, Erect Ephedra – Texas, Oklahoma, New Mexico, Nuevo León, Coahuila, Chihuahua Ephedra aphylla Forssk. – eastern Mediterranean from Libya and Cyprus to the Persian Gulf Ephedra × arenicola H.C.Cutler – Arizona, Utah (hybrid, E. cutleri × E. torreyana) Ephedra aspera Engelm. ex S.Watson – Boundary Ephedra, Pitamoreal – Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, Utah, Nevada, California, Chihuahua, Durango, Zacatecas, Sinaloa, Sonora, Baja California Ephedra aurantiaca Takht. & Pachom. – Caucasus, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan Ephedra boelckei F.A.Roig – Argentina Ephedra botschantzevii Pachom. – Kazakhstan, Tuva region of Siberia Ephedra breana Phil. – Peru, Bolivia, Chile, Argentina Ephedra brevifoliata Ghahr. – Iran Ephedra californica S.Watson – California Ephedra, California Jointfir – California, western Arizona, Baja California Ephedra chilensis C.Presl – Pingo-pingo - Chile, Argentina Ephedra compacta Rose – widespread in much of Mexico Ephedra coryi E.L.Reed – Cory's Ephedra – Texas, New Mexico Ephedra cutleri Peebles – Navajo Ephedra, Cutler's Ephedra, Cutler Mormon-tea, Cutler's Jointfir – Colorado, Utah, Arizona, New Mexico, Wyoming Ephedra dahurica Turcz. – Siberia, Mongolia Ephedra dawuensis Y.Yang – Sichuan Ephedra distachya L. – Joint-pine, Jointfir – southern Europe and central Asia from Portugal to Kazakhstan Ephedra × eleutherolepis V.A.Nikitin – Tajikistan (hybrid E. intermedia × E. strobilacea) Ephedra equisetina Bunge – Ma huang – Caucasus, Central Asia, Siberia, Mongolia, Gansu, Hebei, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shanxi, Xinjiang Ephedra fasciculata A.Nelson – Arizona Ephedra, Arizona Jointfir, Desert Mormon-tea – Arizona, California, Nevada, Utah Ephedra fedtschenkoae Paulsen – Central Asia, Siberia, Mongolia, Xinjiang Ephedra foeminea Forssk. – North Africa, Somalia, Balkans, Italy, Middle East; naturalized in Santa Barbara County of California Ephedra foliata Boiss. ex C.A.Mey. – North Africa, Somalia, Middle East, India Ephedra fragilis Desf. – Mediterranean, Canary Islands, Madeira Ephedra frustillata Miers – Patagonian Ephedra – Chile, Argentina Ephedra funerea Coville & C.V.Morton – Death Valley Ephedra, Death Valley Jointfir – California, Arizona, Nevada Ephedra gerardiana Wall. ex Klotzsch & Garcke – Gerard's Jointfir, Shan Ling Ma Huang – Himalayas, Tibet, Yunnan, Siberia, Central Asia Ephedra gracilis Phil. ex Stapf Ephedra holoptera Riedl – Iran Ephedra intermedia Schrenk & C.A.Mey. – China, Siberia, Central Asia, Himalayas, Iran, Pakistan