Carl Gotthard Langhans (15 December 1732 – 1 October 1808) was a Prussian master builder and royal architect. His churches, palaces, grand houses, interiors, city gates and theatres in Silesia (now Poland), Berlin, Potsdam and elsewhere belong to the earliest examples of Neoclassical architecture in Germany. His best-known work is the Brandenburg Gate in Berlin, national symbol of today’s Germany and German reunification in 1989/90. Life Langhans was born in Landeshut, Silesia (now Kamienna Góra in Poland). He was not educated as an architect. He studied law from 1753 to 1757 in Halle, and then mathematics and languages, and engaged himself autodidactically with architecture, at which he concentrated primarily on the antique texts of the Roman architecture theorist Vitruvius (and the new version by the classics enthusiast Johann Joachim Winckelmann whose works prompted the Greek Revival). His draft for "Zum Schifflein Christi" (1764), the Protestant Church in Groß-Glogau, earned him his first recognition as an architect. In the same year, he received an appointment as building inspector for the Count of Hatzfeld, whose war-ravaged palace Langhans rebuilt to his own design between 1766 and 1774. Through the intervention of the Count of Hatzfeld, he also became known in the royal court in Berlin. As his first work in the service of the royal family, he built in 1766 the stairwell and the Muschelsaal in Rheinsberg Palace. From 1775 until 1788, Langhans headed the building authority for the Prussian province of Silesia (now Poland). In 1788, King Frederick William II of Prussia appointed him as first director of the royal building commission in Berlin. He immediately commissioned him with a draft for the Brandenburg Gate, which was built accordingly between 1788 and 1791, replacing the earlier simple guardhouses which flanked the original gate in the Customs Wall. Its design is based on the Propylaea, the gateway to the Acropolis in Athens, Greece. The Greek Revival architecture had been prompted by the research and publications of classics enthusiast Johann Joachim Winckelmann. Another influential late Classicist architect was David Gilly, an architectural advisor in the Royal Building Department, who was younger than Langhans and overtook him in terms of modernity, but did not outlive him, leaving a considerably smaller life's work. Gilly was a teacher of the young Karl Friedrich Schinkel who would dominate the next generation of Prussian architects. Langhans died on his estate at Grüneiche (Dąbie after 1945 and part of