Tatarstan — Russian and Tatar are co-official Kalmykia — Russian and Kalmyk are co-official Karachay-Cherkessia — Russian (also as a language of interethnic communication), Abaza, Cherkess, Karachay and Nogai are co-official Mari El — Russian and Mari are co-official Mordovia — Russian and Mordvin are co-official Komi Republic — Russian and Komi are co-official Karelia - Russian is official, but Karelian is spoken by the ethnic Karelian minority. North Ossetia–Alania — Russian and Ossetian are co-official Udmurtia — Russian and Udmurt are co-official Chechnya — Russian and Chechen are co-official Chuvashia — Russian and Chuvash are co-official Komi-Permyak Okrug: Komi-Permyak language is official (along with Russian) in this administrative-territorial unit with special status of Perm Krai. In Ukraine, Russian, Hungarian and Romanian were granted status of a regional language in certain areas in 2012–18 (Language policy in Ukraine). Carpathian Ruthenia, Ukraine, Slovaks living near Uzhhorod speak Ukrainian and Hungarian in addition to their mother tongue, Slovakian. In villages near Mukachevo Germans (Swabian dialect speakers) also speak Hungarian and Ukrainian. Northern Europe Denmark has one official language, Danish, but in South Jutland, use of German for certain functions is provided for. In Greenland, Greenlandic is the principal language, while Danish must be thoroughly taught, and all Greenlanders are Danish-Greenlandic bilinguals. Faroe Islands has two official languages: Faroese and Danish. The other Scandinavian languages, Norwegian and Swedish, are understood by most without much difficulty. English is taught in schools, often as a third language. Finland is constitutionally bilingual and has therefore two equally national languages, Finnish and Swedish, and the minority languages Sami (Northern Sami, Inari Sami and Skolt Sami), Romani and Finnish Sign Language are recognized by the constitution. The Swedish-speaking population of Finland comprises about 5.5% of the population, mostly in Svenskfinland. Municipalities are bilingual if the Swedish or Finnish minority is at least 6–8%. Åland is monolingually Swedish by law. Sami is an official language (besides Finnish) in the municipalities of northern Finland. In Norway six municipalities of Troms and Finnmark county, Sami is used officially along Norwegian Sweden has Swedish as its official language. Finnish, Meänkieli, Romani, Sami and Yiddish are recognized as minority languages. Meänkieli, a variant of Finnish, is spoken in Tornedalen and Haparanda in North Bothnia. Meänkieli, Finnish and Sami have a special status in the areas where speakers are significant minorities. Southern Europe Italy. The official language overall is Italian. However, the Italian law