the most distant directional spatial dialectical terms, the suffix is added as in Example (5). For the less distant terms, no affix is needed, illustrated by Example (6). Abbreviations Resources Lichtenberk, Frantisek (1983) A grammar of Manam. Oceanic Linguistics Special Publication No. 18. Honolulu, University of Hawaii Press. (Available in JSTOR.) Turner, Blaine (1986) A teaching grammar of the Manam language Short description of Manam culture Paradisec has a number of collections with Manam materials Crystal, David (2008) A dictionary of linguistics and phonetics. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. References Languages of Papua New Guinea Schouten languages