from saliferous earths. There was a series of excavations done in the small village of Kibiro by archaeologist Graham Connah. Connah first excavated Kibiro in 1989. The site of Kibero consisted of four discrete cuttings, which sampled three separated parts of the most extensive area of settlement deposits. “The area in which the cutting took place is known as Kihenda, which is located between the two largest groups of salt-gardens and is said to be the oldest part of the village. The first cutting, excavated in early 1989, was only a test-hole, intended to gain a preliminary understanding of the deposits and their contents and to establish an initial radiocarbon chronology”. The determination of where to do the first cutting was based on the assumption that the deposits that were shallower than 3 m but deeper than 0.8 m would lead to the finding of natural deposits. In Cutting I the deposits excavated were in an irregular series of units, which contained ashy earth in the higher levels and sand, gravel, and silt towards the bottom levels. There were fragments of wood charcoal as well as sherds of pottery. In addition to the ecofacts, cultural remains that were uncovered in Cutting I were pieces of smoking pipes, disc beads of freshwater shell that were infrequently scattered, as well as two shell artifacts which consisted of a valve from the freshwater bivalve Mutela emini. There was also animal bones that were discovered at the deposit. With all of this being tied together with the other evidence found, indicated domestic activities as a major factor in their formation. Cutting II-IV were excavated in 1990; while Cutting I had been excavated in arbitrary splits; Cuttings II-IV were excavated in true stratigraphic units. After they had excavated the site the work that Connah had done showed to have poor visibility of the stratification. To get a better stratification they needed to acquire and take out certain blocks of deposits to help have a better view of the stratification. The main archaeological deposits at Kibiro seem to constitute a flat settlement mound of an irregular shape. Artifacts At the site of Kibiro there were pottery sherds found. There have been “sherds of pottery, stone grinders, grindstones, occasionally there have been beads, smoking-pipe fragments, cowry shells, pieces of freshwater shell and scraps of bone, both mammal and fish”. In the two excavations that were done over