offence by a tribal jirga the right to appeal their conviction in any court. It gives the federal government the right to seize private property in FATA and to convict an individual without due process. It lets the government restrict the entry of a FATA tribe member into a settled district in the rest of Pakistan. The discriminatory provisions of the regulation, both substantive as well as procedural - e.g. selection of jirga members (section 2), trial procedure in civil/criminal matters (sections 8 & 11), demolition of and restriction of construction of hamlet, village or tower in the North-West Frontier Province (section 31), method of arrest/ detention (section 38 & 39) security for good behaviour (sections 40, 42), imposition/collection of fine (sections 22-27), etc. are in violation of the Constitution of Pakistan. The FCR denies tribal residents: the right to be dealt with in accordance with the law; the security of person; safeguards to arrest and detention; protection against double jeopardy or self- incrimination; the inviolability of the dignity of man; prohibition of torture for the purpose of extracting evidence; protection of property rights; and the equality of citizens. Other articles of the Constitution of Pakistan, such as Article 247, ensure that FATA residents cannot overturn the FCR. Status in Pakistan In August 2011, President Asif Ali Zardari enacted a presidential order to amend the FCR. Widely viewed as the most substantive changes in the 110-year history of the regulation, the reforms included new time limits on the amount of time local administration officials can wait before informing that they have taken someone prisoner. In addition, the 2011 amendments placed new restrictions on the collective responsibility clause in the regulation. Among others, changes included: Protection of women, children below 16 and all people above 65 from collective responsibility arrest Prohibition against arresting an entire tribe under collective responsibility Time limits for disposing of cases Provision for a more independent appeals process Appellate authority power to review decisions Strengthening of the FATA Tribunal Power to transfer cases from political agent to assistant political agent Concept of bail Jail inspections Voluntary reference to a council of elders and Qaumi Jirga (people's assembly) Inclusion of local customs and traditions (Rewaj) Fines on communities in case of murder Forfeiture of public salary for involvement in crime Arrest by authorities other than political agent Checks on arbitrary power to arrest Punishment and compensation for false