POc. In Manam, the proximal form is often contracted from to . It can also be cliticised to a proceeding word when it is not followed by a suffix. Because the 3sg adnominal suffix has a zero form, can be cliticised for this construction. This means that Examples (1), (2), and (3) are all acceptable ways to construct 'this woman', while example (4) but not Example (5) is an acceptable construction of 'these women'. It is also acceptable to remove the head noun, for instance in the comparative construction in Example (6). Selective forms of proximal demonstratives A selective form can be derived from the proximal demonstrative (but not the distal demonstrative). It is formed by adding the suffix after the proximal marker and before the adnominal suffix, as per Example (7) below, and indicates selection out of a set or group of options. The selective suffix is optional and is used when it is necessary to express selection explicitly. If not, the basic demonstrative can be used. Anaphoric usage Previous examples of the use of the demonstrative in Manam have been exophoric, referring to the world outside of the text. However, they can also be used anaphorically, to reference something previously brought up by a speaker. Although Example (8) below demonstrates that both the proximal and the distal demonstrative can be used anaphorically, the proximal demonstrative is used much more commonly than the distal in this manner. Usage of the proximal demonstrative as a resumptive pro-form A second anaphoric use of the proximal demonstrative in Manam is as a resumptive pro-form. In this situation, the proximal demonstrative is used to sum up or resume discussing a topic that has already been spoken about. It can be used in reference to a topic discussed within the same sentence, or in an earlier sentence. When it is used to reference a topic within one sentence, the resumptive pro-form will immediately follow its antecedent as in Example (9). When the proximal demonstrative is acting as a resumptive pro-form, it usually takes the from or rather than . The singular form is also more common than the plural form. This can be seen in Example (10) where the singular form is used despite the pro-from referring to a group of items. The resumptive pro-form can be used to reference a clause in order to indicate the time of a second clause, demonstrated by