F. Monlau (es), and the Russian medical delegate, Carlos O. R. Rosenberger, were in the opposite camp. The Conference participants agreed on a draft Sanitary Convention and annexed draft International Sanitary Regulations consisting of 137 articles. Paris, 1859 The second International Sanitary Conference opened in Paris on April 9, 1859. Except the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, all twelve countries of the first Conference were present. The conference, which lasted for five months, resulted in Austria, France, Great Britain, the Papal States, Portugal, Russia, Sardinia, and Spain signing the slightly amended "draft convention" (itself a combination of the convention and the annexed international sanitary regulations agreed on the first conference). Greece and Turkey abstained. Istanbul, 1866 The third International Sanitary Conference opened in Istanbul on 13 February 1866 under the initiative of the French Government after the 1865 cholera outbreak in Europe. Vienna, 1874 The fourth International Sanitary Conference opened in Vienna on 1 July 1874. Washington, 1881 The fifth International Sanitary Conference in Washington, DC, was the first conference in which the United States participated. Rome, 1885 The sixth International Sanitary Conference opened in Rome on 20 May 1885 by the Italian government as a result of the reappearance of cholera in Egypt in 1883. Venice, 1892 The seventh International Sanitary Conference in Venice was the occasion for the adoption of the first International Sanitary Convention. Dresden, 1893 The eighth International Sanitary Conference opened in Dresden on 11 March 1893 under the initiative of the Austria-Hungarian government with nineteen European countries as participants. Paris, 1894 The ninth International Sanitary Conference opened in Paris on 7 February 1894 with France as its convener and sixteen countries as participants. Venice, 1897 The tenth International Sanitary Conference opened in Venice on 16 February 1897 with Austria-Hungary as its proposer and was the first such conference concerned exclusively with plague. In 1907 the Office international d'hygiène publique (OIHP) was created, among others, with the mandate to carry on the different dispositions adopted by the Sanitary Conventions; the OIHP was later on harmonized within the League of Nations' Health Organization. Paris, 1903 The eleventh International Sanitary Conference met in Paris from 10 October to 3 December 1903. Rome, 1907 There was no Conference as such in 1907, however, 11 countries met in Rome to adopt an Arrangement establishing the Office international d'hygiène publique (International Office of Public Health) in Paris. Paris, 1911–1912 The twelfth