the surface of the floor, and is not visible. An is a portable that is set on the floor and is used in circumstances when the room does not have a that can be used. -related items or A or is a kettle resembling a teapot used for warming and serving . They are made of iron, tin or pottery. literally meaning "hanging", refers to a painting or calligraphic work mounted on paper or textile, for hanging in the alcove. The is the centerpiece of the tea room. Zen calligraphic works are referred to as . In are particularly highly esteemed for . is a term used for refined quality tea implements, mainly ceramics, produced in China particularly in the Song Dynasty, Yuan Dynasty, and Ming Dynasty, which when imported to Japan were selected for their excellence and have been highly valued in Japan ever since. See also , . is a term for tea utensils produced in the Korean Peninsula mainly during the Yi dynasty of Korea, occasionally compared with the above-mentioned . See are ceramics made in Japan. More specifically, the term means "provincial ceramics," and does not include Kyoto-ware or Seto-ware ceramics. Miscellaneous items A is a relatively small bowl, usually made of copper, used for rinsing and washing . It is kept on the bamboo sink-covering in the . A is a shaper for bamboo whisks. are made from wood or ceramic; a wet whisk is placed on the shaper and allowed to dry, restoring its shape. This item is used in the back room, and is not seen in the tea room. Folding fan (also known as ) are carried by all participants in a ceremony as a sign of respect. It is not opened and used for fanning. The fan, in its closed state, is placed in front of oneself when making formal statements or expressions of thanks, respect, apology, and such. During the main portions of a tea ceremony in which they are seated on the floor, guests place their fans on the floor directly behind themselves for instant use when required. For men, the standard length of meant for tea ceremony is approximately (6 ); for women, it is approximately (5 ). If the circumstance involves being seated on the floor, the closed fan is placed on the floor in front of the knees, leaving enough space in between to place the