allow the dismemberment of the Ottoman Empire or the creation of a large Pro-Russian state on the Balkans. According to Philip Roeder, the Treaty of San Stefano "transformed" Bulgarian nationalism, turning it from a disunited movement into a united one. Treaty of Berlin As a result, the Treaty of Berlin (1878), under the supervision of Otto von Bismarck of Germany and Benjamin Disraeli of Britain, revised the earlier treaty, and scaled back the proposed Bulgarian state. Much of the Bulgarian territories were returned to the Empire (part of Thrace and Macedonia), while others were given to Serbia and Romania. A Principality of Bulgaria was created, between the Danube and the Stara Planina range, with its seat at the old Bulgarian capital of Veliko Turnovo, and including Sofia. This state was to be under nominal Ottoman sovereignty but was to be ruled by a prince elected by a congress of Bulgarian notables and approved by the Powers. They insisted that the Prince could not be a Russian, but in a compromise Prince Alexander of Battenberg, a nephew of Tsar Alexander II, was chosen. Between the Stara Planina and the line of the Rhodope Range, which runs about 50 km north of the modern border between Bulgaria and Greece, the autonomous province of Eastern Rumelia was created. With its capital at Plovdiv, it was to be under Ottoman sovereignty but governed by a Christian governor appointed by the Sultan with the approval of the Powers. This hybrid territory was governed by Alexander Bogoridi for most of its brief existence. See also Bulgarian Land Army (1810-1812) Liberation of Bulgaria Greater Bulgaria Kresna–Razlog uprising Bulgarian unification Ilinden-Preobrazhenie Uprising Bulgarian Declaration of Independence Time of Parting (novel) Golden Age of medieval Bulgarian culture References 19th century in Bulgaria Macedonia under the Ottoman Empire 19th century in the Ottoman Empire Ottoman Thrace Bulgarian nationalism