by a naval officer, Captain Winkler of the Imperial German Navy. Winkler had been the commander of the , stationed in 1896 in the Marshall Islands which, during that period, were under German rule; he subsequently described the system in an 1898 publication. Winkler became so intrigued by the stick charts that he made a major effort to determine navigational principles behind them and convinced the navigators to share how the stick charts were used. See also Weriyeng Ammassalik wooden maps Notes References Ascher, Marcia Models and maps from the Marshall Islands. A case in etnomathematics, Historia Mathematica, 22(1995) 347-370. Mathematics Elsewhere. An Exploration of Ideas across Cultures, Princeton Universiy Press, 2002, pp89, 95-97, 101-125. Bagrow, L. History of Cartography. Second Edition. Chicago, Precedent Publishing, Inc., 1966. Genz, J., Aucan, J., Merrifeld, M. , Finney, B., Joel, K., and Kelen, Alson, Wave Navigation in the Marshall Islands, Oceanography 22(2009), No. 2., 234–245. Woodward, D. and Malcolm Lewis, G. The History of Cartography: Cartography in the Traditional African, American, Arctic, Australian, and Pacific Societies. Volume Two, Book Three. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago and London, 1998. External links Dirk HR Spennemann. Traditional and Nineteenth Century Communication Patterns In the Marshall Islands, article includes extensive explanations of stick charts Polynesian Stick Charts, includes many photographs Micronesian Stick Charts, diagrams and photographs. Archived. Marshall Islands stamps with stick charts, and explanations Marshall Islands Guide A short video on navigation by ocean wave refraction and stick charts by NOAA. Reddit posts showing stick charts: 1, 2 RESOLVING AMBIVALENCE IN MARSHALLESE NAVIGATION:RELEARNING, REINTERPRETING, AND REVIVING THE “STICK CHART” WAVE MODELS, Joseph H. Genz, 2016 Cartography by country Marshallese culture Traditional knowledge Plant products