direct reference to the heavenly witnesses, with the Prologue written as a first-person epistle from Jerome to Eustochium. In this Prologue unfaithful translators are criticized for removal of the verse. The Prologue from about 1700 on had often been attacked as a late forgery, not by Jerome. At the time the earliest known extant Vulgate with the Prologue was about AD 800. The Prologue was noted to be in the Codex Fuldensis of AD 546 when the text was published by Ranke c. AD 1850. History Victor of Capua (died 554) reports that he found an Old Latin harmony of the Gospels, which he recognised as following Tatian's arrangement of the Diatessaron. He substituted the Vulgate text for the Old Latin, appending the rest of the New Testament books from the standard Vulgate. Boniface acquired the codex and in 745 gave it to the monastic library (Abb. 61), in Fulda, where it remains to the present day (hence the name of the codex). It served as the source text for vernacular harmonies in Old High German and Old Saxon. According to Malcolm Parkes, glosses to James are in Boniface's own handwriting. Codex Sangallensis 56 was copied, in the 9th century, from the Diatessaron of the Codex Fuldensis. It also contains some extracts from the Acts of the Apostles. Ernst Ranke published the text of the codex in 1868. See also List of New Testament Latin manuscripts Biblical manuscripts Textual criticism References Further reading Ernestus Ranke, Codex Fuldensis. Novum Testamentum Latine Interprete Hieronymo (Lipsiae 1868). John Chapman, Notes on the Early History of the Vulgate Gospels (Oxford, 1908), pp. 78–161. Heinrich Joseph Vogels, Beiträge zur Geschichte des Diatessaron im Abendland, Münster 1919, pp. 1–34. External links Codex Fuldensis Online (Shelfmark: 100 Bonifatianus 1) "Manuscripts of the Bible" (1913) Catholic Encyclopedia Codex Sangallensis 56 at the Stiftsbibliothek St. Gallen (copy of Fuldensis in Diatessaron) More information at Earlier Latin Manuscripts Fuldensis 6th-century biblical manuscripts Biblical paraphrases Fulda