starved herself to death. 1944 – Jean Cavaillès was shot by the Gestapo. 1944 – Marc Bloch was shot by the Gestapo for his work in the French Resistance. 1944 – Giovanni Gentile was murdered by communist partisans. 1945 – Dietrich Bonhoeffer was executed by hanging. 1945 – Gerhard Gentzen was detained in a prison camp by the Russian forces, where he died of malnutrition. 1945 – Ernst Bergmann committed suicide after the Allied forces captured Leipzig. 1945 – Johan Huizinga died in De Steeg in Gelderland, near Arnhem, where he was held in detention by the Nazis. 1945 – Miki Kiyoshi died in prison; he had been imprisoned after helping a friend on the run from the authorities. 1948 – Mohandas Gandhi was shot and killed by a Hindu zealot. 1951 – Ludwig Wittgenstein died of cancer in Ireland, three days after his 62nd birthday. His last words: "Tell them I've had a wonderful life." 1954 – Alan Turing ate a cyanide-poisoned apple. He was believed at the time to have committed suicide due to chemical depression, but his death was possibly just an accident. 1960 – Albert Camus died in an automobile accident. 1961 – Maurice Merleau-Ponty died of a stroke while preparing a lecture on Descartes. 1969 – Theodor Adorno developed heart palpitations after attempting to climb a 3000-metre mountain, and subsequently suffered a heart attack. 1970 – Bertrand Russell died of the flu in Wales. There was no religious ceremony. 1971 – Richard Montague was beaten to death, presumably by a male prostitute. 1973 – Amílcar Cabral was assassinated while fighting for the independence of Portuguese colonies in Africa. 1977 – Jan Patočka died of an apoplexy after having been interrogated by the Czechoslovak secret police for eleven hours. 1978 – Kurt Gödel starved himself to death by refusing to eat for fear of being poisoned. 1979 – Evald Ilyenkov committed suicide. 1979 – Nicos Poulantzas committed suicide by jumping out of the twentieth floor of an apartment building. 1980 – Roland Barthes was struck in the street by a laundry van after leaving a luncheon with French President François Mitterrand. 1980 – Jean-Paul Sartre, a notorious chain-smoker, died of an edema of the lung. 1983 – Arthur Koestler committed joint suicide with his third wife, Cynthia, by taking an overdose of drugs after a painful struggle with disease. 1984 – Michel Foucault was the first