of the Avatamsaka-sutra and the Hua-yen school. Definitive and provisional The schema of the three turnings is found in Yogachara and Tathāgatagarbha texts such as the Saṃdhinirmocana Sūtra and the Srimala Sutra and likely originated in the Yogachara literature. Naturally, they identify themselves as definitive. However, the schema was later adopted more widely, and different sects and schools of Buddhism, as well as individual Buddhist teachers and philosophers give different explanations as to whether the second or third turnings is 'definitive' (Skt: nitartha) or 'provisional' (Skt: neyartha) or requiring interpretation. In the Tibetan tradition, the Gelug school considers the second turning definitive, as do some scholars in other schools. See also Dhammacakkapavattana Sutta Dharmacakra Saṃdhinirmocana Sūtra References External links The Three Turnings of The Wheel of Dharma – Why They Are Each Essential to All of Us – Jay L. Garfield Three Turnings of the Wheel of the Dharma – James Blumenthal 3 Three Turnings of the Wheel of Dharma