Gujarat to the west. Flora The natural vegetation of the region is a three-tiered forest adapted to the monsoon and dry season climate. The forests typically have an upper canopy at 15–25 meters, a 10–15 meter understory of smaller trees and large shrubs, and a 3–4 meter undergrowth. Teak (Tectona grandis) is the dominant canopy tree, in association with coromandel ebony (Diospyros melanoxylon), dhaora (Anogeissus latifolia), Lagerstroemia parviflora, Terminalia tomentosa, Lannea coromandelica, Hardwickia binata, and Boswellia serrata. Riparian areas along the regions rivers and streams, which receive year-round water, are home to moist evergreen forests, whose dominant tree species are Terminalia arjuna, Syzygium cumini, Syzygium heyneanum, Salix tetrasperma, Homonoia riparia, and Vitex negundo. Fauna The ecoregion is home to 76 species of mammals, none of which are endemic, although several of which, including the Bengal tiger (Panthera tigris tigris), along with gaur (Bos gaurus), packs of dhole or Asiatic wild dog (Cuon alpinus), sloth bear (Melursus ursinus), chousingha (Tetracerus quadricornis), and blackbuck (Antilope cervicapra), are threatened. The ecoregion is home to 276 bird species, none of which are endemic. Large threatened birds include the lesser florican (Eupodotis indica) and Indian bustard (Ardeotis nigriceps). Conservation This area is densely populated and only about 30% of the ecoregion is covered in relatively intact vegetation, but this does include some large blocks of habitat in the amarkantak, Vindhya and Satpura ranges which are important for the preservation of the tiger. Protected areas As of 1997, about 5% of the ecoregion (7,500 km²) lies within protected areas, the largest of which are Melghat Tiger Reserve and Nauradehi Wildlife Sanctuary while others include Bandhavgarh, Panna, and Sanjay national parks. Plans to dam the Narmada River will impact on the wildlife of the ecoregion. Aner Dam Wildlife Sanctuary, Dhule district, Maharashtra (70 km²) Bagdara Wildlife Sanctuary, Madhya Pradesh (540 km²) Bandhavgarh National Park , Umaria district, Madhya Pradesh (360 km²) Achanakmar Wildlife Sanctuary, Bilaspur District, Chhattisgarh (305 km² Kheoni Wildlife Sanctuary, Madhya Pradesh (80 km²) Nauradehi Wildlife Sanctuary, Madhya Pradesh (1,380 km²) Melghat Tiger Reserve, Amravati district, Maharashtra. Includes Melghat Wildlife Sanctuary (1,490 km²) and Gugamal National Park (1974 km²) Panna National Park, Panna and Chhatarpur districts, Madhya Pradesh (820 km²) Panpatha Wildlife Sanctuary, Madhya Pradesh (300 km²) Ratapani Tiger Reserve, Madhya Pradesh (490 km²) Sanjay-Dubri Tiger Reserve (831 km²), which includes Sanjay National Park, Chhattisgarh, and Dubri Wildlife Sanctuary. Sardarpur Wildlife Sanctuary, Madhya Pradesh (120