of Representatives and in the United States Senate to create a federal shield law. The first bill was introduced in identical form in both the Senate and the House by Senator Richard Lugar (R-IN) and Representative Mike Pence (R-IN). Senator Christopher Dodd (D-CT) introduced separate legislation that created a seemingly broader protection than the Pence/Lugar bill. In 2006, Rodney A. Smolla testified before the Senate Judiciary Committee on the topic of reporter's privilege. On December 2, 2010, in a reaction to the United States diplomatic cables leak by WikiLeaks, John Ensign (R-NV) introduced S.4004 to amend section 798 of title 18, United States Code, to provide penalties for disclosure of classified information related to certain intelligence activities and for other purposes. While titled the SHIELD Act, the proposed legislation has little in common with shield laws in the United States. See also Branzburg v. Hayes Free Flow of Information Act In re Madden Privilege (evidence) Shield laws in the United States Subpoena duces tecum Von Bulow v. Von Bulow References Freedom of expression Sources (journalism) Privileged communication Journalism