solution to this was to restrict the universal category to that of the word itself — the basis for the use of any word is to be the very same word-universal itself." This view may have been the nucleus of the Sphoṭa doctrine enunciated by Bhartṛhari in the 5th century, in which he elaborates the word-universal as the superposition of two structures — the meaning-universal or the semantic structure (artha-jāti) is superposed on the sound-universal or the phonological structure (śabda-jāti). In the tradition of scholars like Pingala, Kātyāyana was also interested in mathematics. Here his text on the sulvasutras dealt with geometry, and extended the treatment of the Pythagorean theorem as first presented in 800 BCE by Baudhayana. Kātyāyana belonged to the Aindra School of Grammar. Notes References Joseph, George Gheverguese: The Crest of the Peacock: Non-European Roots of Mathematics Pingree, David. Jyotihsastra: Astral and Mathematical Literature. Otto Harrassowitz. Wiesbaden, 1981. . External links Ancient Sanskrit grammarians Ancient Indian mathematicians 3rd-century BC people Indian Sanskrit scholars 2nd-century BC mathematicians Ancient Indian mathematical works