through turbines. The process steam cost could be low since this steam could be derived from off-peak boiler capacity or from turbines in central electric stations. Fuel for steam and superheating would subsequently be reduced in cost. Advantages and disadvantages Compared to the Bergius process, the Karrick process is cheaper, requires less water and destroys less the thermal value (one-half that of the Bergius process). The smokeless semi-coke fuel, when burned in an open grate or in boilers, delivers 20% to 25% more heat than raw coal. The coal gas should deliver more heat than natural gas per heat unit contained due to the greater quantity of combined carbon and lower dilution of the combustion gases with water vapor. See also Coal oil Carbon sequestration CO2 sequestration Carbon capture and storage Major coal producing regions Pyrolysis oil Synthetic Liquid Fuels Program Synthetic fuels in the United States Synthetic oil References External links A magic way to make billions (TIME Magazine, February 2006) China to Invest $128 Billion to Develop Coal-Based Synthetic Fuels Military's push to turn coal into fuel picking up speed (Associated Press) Princeton University: Increased Automobile Fuel Efficiency and Synthetic Fuels; Alternatives for Reducing Oil Imports (PDF) The Bureau of Mines Synthetic Liquid Fuels Program 1944-55 Part 1 Oil From Coal The Early Days of Coal Research at the U.S. Department of Energy site. Coal Synthetic fuel technologies Oil shale technology United States Bureau of Mines