Astra 1F is one of the Astra communications satellites in geostationary orbit owned and operated by SES. It was launched in April 1996 to the Astra 19.2°E orbital slot initially to provide digital television and radio for direct-to-home (DTH) across Europe. The satellite originally provided two broadcast beams, of horizontal and vertical polarisation, for Fixed Service Satellite (FSS) (10.70-10.95 GHz) and for Broadcast Satellite Service (BSS) (11.70-12.10 GHz) frequency bands. The FSS beams provide footprints that cover essentially the same area of Europe – northern, central and eastern Europe, including Spain and northern Italy – while the BSS horizontal beam excludes Spain and extends further east, and the BSS vertical beam includes Spain and more of southern Italy but does not extend so far east. Within the footprints, television signals are usually received with a 60–80 cm dish. See also Astra satellite family SES satellite operator SES Broadband Internet service References External links SES guide to receiving Astra satellites SES guide to channels broadcasting on Astra satellites OnAstra - Official consumers/viewers' site SES - Official trade/industry site SES Broadband website Astra satellites Communications satellites in geostationary orbit Satellites using the BSS-601 bus Satellite Internet access Spacecraft launched in 1996 1996 in Luxembourg Satellites of Luxembourg