the chief executive (the President) can only be removed by an impeachment procedure, which can only be initiated in specific situations and by a special procedure (typically involving a legislative supermajority, an investigation by a constitutional court, or both), and removal entails either a snap election or automatic succession to office by a Vice president. As a result, leadership elections are largely background events, as the ruling party's policies are determined by the President, not by the party's internal leader. However, some systems allow one person to serve as both the President and the leader of the ruling party simultaneously, or even mandate it (such as the Democratic Progressive Party in Taiwan). However, this is not entirely comparable to the parliamentary situation, as the majority and minority leaders of political parties in presidential systems are not the chief executive of their country (as a prime minister would be), but are rather officers of the legislative branch of their country, a position similar to the floor leader (which similarly is a post subservient to the prime minister) of a political party in a parliamentary system which likewise doesn't hold mass enfranchised elections for such a post. North America Canada 2013 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election 2020 Conservative Party of Canada leadership election 2019 Bloc Québécois leadership election 2017 New Democratic Party leadership election 2020 Green Party of Canada leadership election 2022 Conservative Party of Canada leadership election 2022 Green Party of Canada leadership election Trinidad and Tobago 2022 People's National Movement internal election 2022 United National Congress internal election Europe Croatia Social Democratic Party of Croatia Elections in the Social Democratic Party of Croatia Finland 2017 Finns Party leadership election Germany 2021 Christian Democratic Union of Germany leadership election 2019 Social Democratic Party of Germany leadership election Greece 2015–16 New Democracy leadership election 2017 Greek centre-left leadership election Ireland Fine Gael 2017 Fine Gael leadership election Labour Party 2016 Labour Party leadership election (Ireland) Fianna Fáil 1959 Fianna Fáil leadership election 1966 Fianna Fáil leadership election 1979 Fianna Fáil leadership election 1992 Fianna Fáil leadership election 1994 Fianna Fáil leadership election 2008 Fianna Fáil leadership election 2011 Fianna Fáil leadership election Italy 2013 Lega Nord leadership election 2017 Five Star Movement leadership election 2017 Italian Left leadership election 2017 Lega Nord leadership election 2019 More Europe leadership election 2021 More Europe leadership election 2021 Five Star Movement leadership election Democratic