was exposed by erection or by circumcision; thus Juvenal (14.100) has ("To guide only the circumcised [i.e. Jews] to the fountain that they seek"). And in poem 47 Catullus writes: ("Did that unsheathed Priapus prefer you guysto my little Veranius and Fabullus?") In Martial's time, it was a common practice for actors and athletes to be fitted with a (a pin or brooch covering the foreskin) to prevent accidental exposure of the , discouraging sex and thereby preserving their voice or strength. Martial (7.81) mocks one such actor as follows: ("Such a big brooch clothes Menophilus's penisthat it is enough for all the comic actors in the world.I believed (since we often go to the baths together)that he was anxious to preserve his voice, Flaccus.But one day, while he was wrestling in the middle of the palaestra with everyone watching,the poor man's brooch fell off. He was circumcised!") or A third word for "penis" was (or ). This is very rare and found only in one line of Horace and a fragment of the satirist Lucilius. The passage in Horace (Sat. 1.2.68) is as follows, in which he advises a young man who was beaten up as a result of an affair with the dictator Sulla's daughter: ("What if, in the words of his penis, his mind were to say to the man when he sees such troubles: 'What exactly do you want? Do I ever demand a cunt descended from a famous consul or veiled in a fancy gown when my passion grows hot?'") And Lucilius says, referring to the fact that Roman men apparently used to masturbate with their left hand: ("But with his left hand as his girlfriend, he wipes away his muttō'''s tears.") The word may be related to the marriage deity Mutunus Tutunus. Although itself is rare, the derivative ("well-endowed") is found twice in Martial, as at 3.73: ("You sleep with well-endowed boys, Phoebus,and the thing that stands up for them does not stand up for you.") The derivative , meaning the same as , is found in Lucilius and in two Pompeian graffiti. The Latin word itself originally meant "tail". Cicero's , 9.22, observes that originally was an innocuous word, but that the meaning of male sexual organ had become primary by his day. The euphemism is used occasionally by Catullus, Persius, Juvenal, and Martial, and even once by the historian Sallust, who writes