of the Catholic clergy were limited. In addition, the penalty for killing a peasant was increased from a fine to the death, liberum veto was abolished on sejmiks (local parliaments), and a mint was created. All those reforms were guaranteed by the Russian Empress, Catherine II. The resulting reaction among Poland's Roman Catholic leadership to the laws granting privileges to the Protestants, as well as the deep resentment of Russia's meddling in the Commonwealth's domestic affairs, led to the War of the Bar Confederation (1768–1772), directed against Poniatowski and Russia, which ended with Russian victory and the First Partition of Poland. Notes References Attribution 1767 in Europe 1768 in Europe Sejm of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Poland–Russia relations 1767 in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth 1768 in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth 1767 in Christianity 1768 in Christianity