This is a list of cities that have, or once had, town tramway (urban tramway, or streetcar) systems as part of their public transport system. Due to excessive size, the original list has been divided into separate articles, based on geographical locations. Africa Asia (exclusive of Japan) Japan Europe (exclusive of countries having separate lists) Austria Belarus Belgium Bulgaria Croatia Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Lithuania Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Romania Russia Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey Ukraine United Kingdom Central America North America (exclusive of countries having separate lists) Canada Mexico United States South America (exclusive of Argentina, Brazil and Chile) Argentina Brazil Chile Oceania This page also provides references and links for all parts of the list. Criteria for inclusion A "town tramway service" is defined as: a passenger transport service, provided to the general public, operated within or close to towns, cities or villages, operated with railbound vehicles, operated on tracks built entirely or largely within public streets and roads. Determining which towns "had trams" (or "streetcars") requires subjective judgment to some degree. No "universal" distinctions can be made between "town tramways" and other light railways because "tramway" and "railway" practices (and laws) varied considerably between countries. For example, the prevailing European standard to distinguish between "steam tramways" and "light railways, worked by steam traction" is based on rolling stock type. Lines worked by enclosed "tramway type" locomotives are classified as "steam tramways," and those worked by unenclosed locomotives are classified as "light railways." By this standard, virtually all Japanese examples of "steam tramways" would be classified as "light railways," because none (based on the photographic record) used European-type enclosed locomotives. Also in Japan, many of today's suburban electric railways were built under "tramway" concessions ("licenses") and were eventually changed to "railway" concessions. These lines had many "tramway" characteristics as built but few today. Some town tramway systems had lines or groups of lines that were geographically isolated from the "main" system. Long-lived examples (i.e. excepting those during formative or closing years) are tabulated if known. Examples include Volgograd, Russia and New York City, US. Opening and closing dates "Opening date" is that upon which public passenger service was first offered. Test runs and inaugural ceremonies often occurred before this "opening date." "Closing date" is the last "full" day on which passenger service was offered to the public. Service