obligations of peasant tenants, and on monastic reform. At the time of the Wars of Religion, Montier-en-Der supervised twelve priories, and the abbey was one of the core benefices in the strategy of Charles, Cardinal of Lorraine, who exercised seigneurial powers over twenty-one villages in the surrounding countryside. National Stud Farm The abbey was secularized at the French Revolution (1790); in 1806 Napoleon established the National Stud Farm (Le Haras National) in the grounds of the former monastery, to breed improved horses for the use of the cavalry. The stud farm structures were rebuilt for more modern functionality during the Second Empire. Notes See also Map of the Alods of St Bercharius, the testament of Bercharius that founded the monastery (in Latin). List of Carolingian monasteries Carolingian architecture External links Lac du Der: villes d'entrée Victoria and Albert Museum: the Symmachi Panel (the second panel of the diptych) L'Abbe Charles Lalore, Le Polyptique de L'Abbaye de Montierender (Latin text, French Commentary), Paris 1878. Further reading Bouchard, Constance Brittain, ed. The Cartulary of Montier-En-Der 666-1129 (University of Toronto) 2004. Edits and publishes the full cartulary for the first time, with a concise history of the monastery. Corbet, Patrick, ed. Les moines du Der, 673-1790 Papers resulting from a 1998 conference on the monastery. Benedictine monasteries in France Cluniac monasteries in France Christian monasteries established in the 7th century Buildings and structures in Haute-Marne Carolingian architecture Romanesque architecture in France Gothic architecture in France