cricket hosts. Strepsipteran insects in the genus Xenos parasitize Polistes carnifex, a species of social wasps. These obligate parasites infect the developing wasp larvae in the nest and are present within the abdomens of female wasps when they hatch out. Here they remain until they thrust through the cuticle and pupate (males) or release infective first-instar larvae onto flowers (females). These larvae are transported back to their nests by foraging wasps. Cladogram After: Relationship with humans Some insects which have been considered pests may have strepsipteran endoparasites. Inoculation of a pest population with the corresponding parasitoid may sometimes aid in reducing the impact of such pests, although no strepsipterans have ever been tested for use in this capacity, let alone being available for such purposes, either commercially or experimentally. See also Entomophagous parasite References Further reading External links Strepsiptera in Baltic amber (www.amber-inclusions.dk) - Strepsiptera, Mengeidae, Mengea tertiaria http://tolweb.org/tree?group=Strepsiptera Survey of Modern Counterparts of Schizochroal Trilobite Eyes: Structural and Functional Similarities and Differences Family outline: Strepsiptera The Peculiar Strepsiptera Life Cycle Strepsiptera discussed in RNZ Critter of the Week, 30 August 2022 Insect orders Insects used as insect pest control agents Extant Early Cretaceous first appearances Taxa named by William Kirby (entomologist) Endoparasites