components. For example, an individual compressor can be rated by comparing the energy needed to run the compressor versus the expected refrigeration capacity based on inlet volume flow rate. It is important to note that both CoP and PF for a refrigeration system are only defined at specific operating conditions, including temperatures and thermal loads. Moving away from the specified operating conditions can dramatically change a system's performance. Air conditioning systems used in residential application typically use SEER (Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio)for the energy performance rating. Air conditioning systems for commercial application often use EER (Energy Efficiency Ratio) and IEER (Integrated Energy Efficiency Ratio) for the energy efficiency performance rating. See also Air conditioning Auto-defrost Beef ring Carnot heat engine Cold chain Coolgardie safe Cryocooler Darcy friction factor formulae Einstein refrigerator Freezer Heat pump Heat pump and refrigeration cycle Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC, HVACR) Icebox Icyball Joule–Thomson effect Laser cooling Pot-in-pot refrigerator Pumpable ice technology Quantum refrigerators Redundant refrigeration system Reefer ship Refrigerant Refrigerated container Refrigerator Refrigerator car Refrigerator truck Seasonal energy efficiency ratio (SEER) Steam jet cooling Thermoacoustics Vapor-compression refrigeration Working fluid World Refrigeration Day References Further reading Refrigeration volume, ASHRAE Handbook, ASHRAE, Inc., Atlanta, GA Stoecker and Jones, Refrigeration and Air Conditioning, Tata-McGraw Hill Publishers Mathur, M.L., Mehta, F.S., Thermal Engineering Vol II MSN Encarta Encyclopedia External links Green Cooling Initiative on alternative natural refrigerants cooling technologies "The Refrigeration Cycle", from HowStuffWorks "The Refrigeration", from frigokey American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) British Institute of Refrigeration Scroll down to "Continuous-Cycle Absorption System" US Department of Energy: Technology Basics of Absorption Cycles Institute of Refrigeration Chemical processes Cooling technology Food preservation Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning Thermodynamics