The earliest texts of William Shakespeare's works were published during the 16th and 17th centuries in quarto or folio format. Folios are large, tall volumes; quartos are smaller, roughly half the size. The publications of the latter are usually abbreviated to Q1, Q2, etc., where the letter stands for "quarto" and the number for the first, second, or third edition published. Plays Eighteen of the 36 plays in the First Folio were printed in separate and individual editions prior to 1623. Pericles (1609) and The Two Noble Kinsmen (1634) also appeared separately before their inclusions in folio collections (the Shakespeare Third Folio and the second Beaumont and Fletcher folio, respectively). All of these were quarto editions, with two exceptions: The True Tragedy of Richard Duke of York, the first edition of Henry VI, Part 3, was printed in octavo form in 1595, as was the 1611 edition of The most lamentable tragedy of Titus Andronicus. In chronological order, these publications were: Titus Andronicus, 1594, 1600, 1611 (octavo) Henry VI, Part 2, 1594, 1600, 1619 Henry VI, Part 3, 1595 (octavo), 1600, 1619 Edward III, 1596 Romeo and Juliet, 1597, 1599, 1609 Richard II, 1597, 1598, 1608, 1615 Richard III, 1597, 1598, 1602, 1605, 1612, 1622 Love's Labour's Lost, 1598 Henry IV, Part 1, 1598, 1599, 1604, 1608, 1613, 1622 Henry IV, Part 2, 1600 Henry V, 1600, 1602, 1619 The Merchant of Venice, 1600, 1619 A Midsummer Night's Dream, 1600, 1619 Much Ado About Nothing, 1600 The Merry Wives of Windsor, 1602, 1619 Hamlet, 1603, 1604, 1611 King Lear, 1608, 1619 Troilus and Cressida, 1609 Pericles, Prince of Tyre, 1609, 1611, 1619 Othello, 1622 The Two Noble Kinsmen, 1634. Six of the preceding were classified as "bad quartos" by Alfred W. Pollard and other scholars associated with the New Bibliography. Popular plays like 1 Henry IV and Pericles were reprinted in their quarto editions even after the First Folio appeared, sometimes more than once. Poetry Shakespeare's poems were also printed in quarto or octavo form: Venus and Adonis, Q1—1593, Q2—1594 (with later editions in octavo); The Rape of Lucrece, Q—1594 (with later editions in octavo); The Phoenix and the Turtle, Q1—1601, Q2—1611 (in Robert Chester's Love's Martyr); The Sonnets and A Lover's Complaint, Q—1609. Differing from the quartos of the plays, the first editions of Shakespeare's narrative poems are extremely well printed. "Richard Field, Shakespeare's first publisher and printer, was