extinct is 'nh' or 'inn'. Likewise, this has its equivalent in Telugu, where it is called Nakaara pollu. The usage of this consonant was observed until the 1980s in Kannada works from the mostly coastal areas of Karnataka (especially the Dakshina Kannada district). Now, hardly any mainstream works use this consonant. This letter has been replaced by (consonant n). Places of articulation There are five classifications of passive articulations: Kaṇṭhya: Velar Tālavya: Palatal Mūrdhanya: Retroflex Dantya: Dental Ōshtya: Labial Apart from that, other places are combinations of the above five: Dantōsthya: Labio-dental (E.g.: v) Kantatālavya: E.g.: Diphthong e Kantōsthya: labial-velar (E.g.: Diphthong o) The attempt of articulation of consonants (Uccāraṇa Prayatna) is of two types, Bāhya Prayatna: External effort Spṛṣṭa: Plosive Īshat Spṛṣṭa: Approximant Īshat Saṃvṛta: Fricative Abhyantara Prayatna: Internal effort Alpaprāna: Unaspirated Mahāprāna: Aspirated Śvāsa: Unvoiced Nāda: Voiced Articulation of consonants Articulation of consonants is be logical combination of components in the two prayatnams. The below table gives a view upon articulation of consonants. Pronunciation of letters *archaic Writing order Akshara Written Kannada is composed of akshara or kagunita, corresponding to syllables. The letters for consonants combine with diacritics for vowels. The consonant letter without any diacritic, such as ka, has the inherent vowel a . This is called dīrgha. A consonant without a vowel is marked with a 'killer' stroke, such as k. This is known as hrasva. The formations shown boldface above are seldom used in the normal course of the language. Numerals The decimal numerals in the script are: Transliteration Several transliteration schemes/tools are used to type Kannada characters using a standard keyboard. These include Baraha (based on ITRANS), Pada Software and several internet tools like Google transliteration, Quillpad (predictive transliterator). Nudi, the Government of Karnataka's standard for Kannada Input, is a phonetic layout loosely based on transliteration. In popular culture Due to its resemblance to an eye and an eyebrow, the Kannada letter ṭha is used in the "look of disapproval" (displayed as "ಠ_ಠ"), a popular emoticon used to convey disapproval or contempt. Similarly, the akshara rr̥a has been used in emoticons to represent a monocle, while tha has been used to represent a tearing eye. Unicode Kannada script was added to the Unicode Standard in October, 1991 with the release of version 1.0. The Unicode block for Kannada is U+0C80–U+0CFF: See also Pyu script Goykanadi Bhattiprolu script Kannada Braille Kannada grammar Kannada literature Kannada