not officially in Luxembourg through Grand Dukes Jean and his son Henri. In June 2011, Luxembourg adopted absolute primogeniture, replacing the old Semi-Salic law that might have guaranteed the survival of Bourbon rule for generations. Though it is not as powerful as it once was and no longer reigns in its native country of France, the House of Bourbon is by no means extinct and has survived to the present-day world, predominantly composed of republics. The House of Bourbon, in its surviving branches, is believed to be the oldest royal dynasty of Europe (and the oldest documented European family altogether) that is still existing in the direct male line today: The House of Capet's male ancestors, the Robertians, go back to Robert of Hesbaye (d. 807) as their first secured ancestor and he is believed to be a direct male descendant of Charibert de Haspengau (c. 555–636). Should this be true, only the Imperial House of Japan would outmatch the Bourbon's age, being reliably documented – as a ruling house already – from about 540. The House of Hesse traces its line back to 841, the House of Welf-Este and the House of Wettin are both emerging in the 10th century (and so do some Italian non-ruling houses like the Caetani or the Massimo family), whereas most of the other ruling families of Europe only turn up to the light of history after the year 1000. List of Bourbon rulers France Monarchs of France Dates indicate reigns, not lifetimes. Henry IV, the Great (1589–1610) Louis XIII, the Just (1610–1643) Louis XIV, the Sun King (1643–1715) Louis XV, the Well-Beloved (1715–1774) Louis XVI (1774–1792) Claimants to the throne of France Dates indicate claims, not lifetimes. Louis XVI (1792–1793) Louis XVII (1793–1795) Louis XVIII (1795–1814) Monarchs of France Dates indicate reigns, not lifetimes. Louis XVIII (1814–1824) Charles X (1824–1830) Louis-Philippe (House of Bourbon-Orléans) (1830–1848) Legitimist claimants in France Dates indicate claims, not lifetimes. Charles X (1830–1836) Louis Antoine, Duke of Angoulême (Louis XIX) (1836–1844) Henri, Count of Chambord (Henri V) (1844–1883) Legitimist claimants in France (Spanish branch) Dates indicate claims, not lifetimes. Juan, Count of Montizón (Jean III) (1883–1887) Carlos, Duke of Madrid (Charles XI) (1887–1909) Jaime, Duke of Anjou and Madrid (Jacques I) (1909–1931) Alfonso Carlos, Duke of San Jaime (Charles XII) (1931–1936) Alfonso XIII of Spain (Alphonse I) (1936–1941) (did not claim the Throne of France) Jaime, Duke of Segovia