and USB flash drives || Bernoulli drive and Zip drive |-style="vertical-align: top;" | rowspan="2" | Display || Light-emitting diodes || Light bulbs || A LED is significantly smaller and less power-consuming than a light bulb. The first optical LEDs were weak, and only useful as indicator lights. Later models could be used for indoor lighting, and now several cities are switching to LED street lights. Incandescent light bulbs are being phased out in many countries. LED displays and AMOLED are also becoming competitive with LCDs. |-style="vertical-align: top;" | LCD and LED displays || CRT || The first liquid-crystal displays (LCDs) were monochromatic and had low resolution. They were used in watches and other handheld devices, but during the early 2000s these (and other planar technologies) largely replaced the dominant cathode-ray tube (CRT) technology for computer displays and television sets. CRT sets were very heavy, and the size and weight of the tube limited the maximum screen size to about 38 inches; in contrast, LCD and other flat-panel TVs are available in 40", 50", 60" and even bigger sizes, all of which weigh much less than a CRT set. CRT technologies did improve in the late 1990s with advances like true-flat panels and digital controls; these updates were not enough to prevent CRTs from being displaced by flat-panel LCD displays. |-style="vertical-align: top;" | rowspan="3" | Electronics || Transistor || Vacuum tube || Vacuum tubes were the dominant electronic technology up until the 1950s. The first transistor was invented by Bell Labs in 1947, but was initially overlooked by radio companies such as RCA up until the mid-1950s, when Sony successfully commercialized the technology with the pocket transistor radio, leading to transistors replacing vacuum tubes as the dominant electronic technology by the late 1950s. |-style="vertical-align: top;" | Silicon || Germanium || Up until the late 1950s, germanium was the dominant semiconductor material for semiconductor devices, as it was capable of the highest performance up until then. |-style="vertical-align: top;" | MOSFET || Bipolar junction transistor || The bipolar junction transistor (BJT) was the dominant semiconductor device up until the 1960s. In the 1970s, the MOSFET eventually replaced the BJT as the dominant semiconductor technology. |-style="vertical-align: top;" | rowspan="3" | Manufacturing || Hydraulic excavators || Cable-operated excavators || Hydraulic excavators were clearly innovative at the time of introduction but they gained widespread use only decades after. Cable-operated excavators are still used in some cases,