Amgen, Honeywell, and Salesforce.com replaced ExxonMobil, Pfizer, and Raytheon Technologies. Investment methods Investing in the DJIA is possible via index funds as well as via derivatives such as option contracts and futures contracts. Mutual and exchange-traded funds Index funds, including mutual funds and exchange-traded funds (ETF) can replicate, before fees and expenses, the performance of the index by holding the same stocks as the index in the same proportions. An ETF that replicates the performance of the index is issued by State Street Corporation (). ProShares offers leveraged ETFs that attempt to produce three times the daily result of either investing in () or shorting () the Dow Jones Industrial Average. Futures contracts In the derivatives market, the CME Group through its subsidiaries the Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME) and the Chicago Board of Trade (CBOT), issues Futures Contracts; the E-mini Dow ($5) Futures (YM), which track the average and trade on their exchange floors respectively. Trading is typically carried out in an open outcry auction, or over an electronic network such as CME's Globex platform. Options contracts The Chicago Board Options Exchange (CBOE) issues option contracts on the Dow through the root symbol DJX. Options on various Dow-underlying ETFs are also available for trading. Annual returns The following table shows the annual development of the Dow Jones Index, which was calculated back to 1896. History Precursor In 1884, Charles Dow composed his first stock average, which contained nine railroads and two industrial companies that appeared in the Customer's Afternoon Letter, a daily two-page financial news bulletin which was the precursor to The Wall Street Journal. On January 2, 1886, the number of stocks represented in what is now the Dow Jones Transportation Average dropped from 14 to 12, as the Central Pacific Railroad and Central Railroad of New Jersey were removed. Though comprising the same number of stocks, this index contained only one of the original twelve industrials that would eventually form Dow's most famous index. Initial components Dow calculated his first average purely of industrial stocks on May 26, 1896, creating what is now known as the Dow Jones Industrial Average. None of the original 12 industrials still remain part of the index. American Cotton Oil Company, a predecessor company to Hellmann's and Best Foods, now part of Unilever. American Sugar Refining Company, became Domino Sugar in 1900, now Domino Foods, Inc. American Tobacco Company, broken up in a