a thought experiment used as part of a deeper debate). Thus, quantum physics casts reasonable doubt on the traditional determinism of classical, Newtonian physics in so far as reality does not seem to be absolutely determined. This was the subject of the famous Bohr–Einstein debates between Einstein and Niels Bohr and there is still no consensus. Adequate determinism (see Varieties, above) is the reason that Stephen Hawking calls libertarian free will "just an illusion". See also Amor fati Calvinism Digital physics False necessity Fractal Game theory Ilya Prigogine Interpretations of quantum mechanics Lazy reason Naturalism (literature) Notes from Underground Open theism Philosophical interpretation of classical physics Positivism Radical behaviorism Voluntarism Wheeler–Feynman absorber theory References Notes Bibliography Daniel Dennett (2003) Freedom Evolves. Viking Penguin. John Earman (2007) "Aspects of Determinism in Modern Physics" in Butterfield, J., and Earman, J., eds., Philosophy of Physics, Part B. North Holland: 1369–1434. George Ellis (2005) "Physics and the Real World", Physics Today. Epstein, J.M. and Axtell R. (1996) Growing Artificial Societies – Social Science from the Bottom. MIT Press. Harris, James A. (2005) Of Liberty and Necessity: The Free Will Debate in Eighteenth-Century British Philosophy. Clarendon Press. Albert Messiah, Quantum Mechanics, English translation by G. M. Temmer of Mécanique Quantique, 1966, John Wiley and Sons, vol. I, chapter IV, section III. (Online version found here) Nowak A., Vallacher R.R., Tesser A., Borkowski W., (2000) "Society of Self: The emergence of collective properties in self-structure", Psychological Review 107. Further reading George Musser, "Is the Cosmos Random? (Einstein's assertion that God does not play dice with the universe has been misinterpreted)", Scientific American, vol. 313, no. 3 (September 2015), pp. 88–93. External links Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy entry on Causal Determinism Determinism in History from the Dictionary of the History of Ideas Philosopher Ted Honderich's Determinism web resource Determinism on Information Philosopher The Society of Natural Science Determinism and Free Will in Judaism Snooker, Pool, and Determinism Philosophy of science Metaphysical theories Randomness Causality