on touch and physical environment or its element. Task-focused interfaces are user interfaces which address the information overload problem of the desktop metaphor by making tasks, not files, the primary unit of interaction. Text-based user interfaces (TUIs) are user interfaces which interact via text. TUIs include command-line interfaces and text-based WIMP environments. Touchscreens are displays that accept input by touch of fingers or a stylus. Used in a growing amount of mobile devices and many types of point of sale, industrial processes and machines, self-service machines, etc. Touch user interface are graphical user interfaces using a touchpad or touchscreen display as a combined input and output device. They supplement or replace other forms of output with haptic feedback methods. Used in computerized simulators, etc. Voice user interfaces, which accept input and provide output by generating voice prompts. The user input is made by pressing keys or buttons, or responding verbally to the interface. Web-based user interfaces or web user interfaces (WUI) that accept input and provide output by generating web pages viewed by the user using a web browser program. Zero-input interfaces get inputs from a set of sensors instead of querying the user with input dialogs. Zooming user interfaces are graphical user interfaces in which information objects are represented at different levels of scale and detail, and where the user can change the scale of the viewed area in order to show more detail. Gallery See also Adaptive user interfaces Brain–computer interface Computer user satisfaction Direct voice input Distinguishable interfaces Ergonomics and human factors – the study of designing objects to be better adapted to the shape of the human body Flat design History of the GUI Icon design Information architecture – organizing, naming, and labelling information structures Information visualization – the use of sensory representations of abstract data to reinforce cognition Interaction design Interaction technique Kinetic user interface Knowledge visualization – the use of visual representations to transfer knowledge Multiple frames interface Natural user interfaces Organic user interface Post-WIMP Tangible user interface Unified Code for Units of Measure Usability links User assistance User experience User experience design User interface design User interface specification Useware Virtual artifact Virtual user interface References External links Conferences covers a wide area of user interface publications Chapter 2. History: A brief History of user interfaces User interface techniques Virtual reality Human communication Human–machine interaction