or categories by the World Health Organization's International Classification of Diseases (ICD). According to the American Heritage Medical Dictionary, the term is "no longer used in psychiatric diagnosis." The Freudian meaning is conveyed through the DSM-5's "Trauma and Stress-Related Disorders" and the ICD-11's "Disorders specifically associated with stress" categories of conditions. The former includes: Reactive attachment disorder Disinhibited social engagement disorder Posttraumatic stress disorder Acute stress disorder Adjustment disorders Other specified trauma- and stressor-related disorder Adjustment-like disorders with a late onset Ataque de nervios Dhat syndrome Khyâl cap Kufungisisa Maladi moun Nervios Shenjing shuairuo Susto Taijin kyofusho Persistent complex bereavement disorder Unspecified trauma- and stressor-related disorder The term "neuroticism" is also not now used for DSM or ICD conditions, however, it is a common name for one of the Big Five personality traits. A similar concept is included in the ICD-11 as the condition "negative affectivity". Symptoms and causes Historic versions of the DSM and ICD The term "neurosis" is no longer used in a professional diagnostic sense, it having been eliminated from the DSM in 1980 with the publication of DSM III, and having the last remnants of being removed from the ICD with the enacting of the ICD-11 in 2022. (In the ICD-10 it was used in section F48.8 to describe certain minor conditions.) According to the "anxiety" concept of the term, there were many different neuroses, including: obsessive–compulsive disorder obsessive–compulsive personality disorder impulse control disorder anxiety disorder histrionic personality disorder dissociative disorder a great variety of phobias According to C. George Boeree, professor emeritus at Shippensburg University, the symptoms of neurosis may involve: Psychoanalytic (Freudian) theory According to psychoanalytic theory, neuroses may be rooted in ego defense mechanisms, though the two concepts are not synonymous. Defense mechanisms are a normal way of developing and maintaining a consistent sense of self (i.e., an ego). However, only those thoughts and behaviors that produce difficulties in one's life should be called neuroses. A neurotic person experiences emotional distress and unconscious conflict, which are manifested in various physical or mental illnesses; the definitive symptom being anxiety. Neurotic tendencies are common and may manifest themselves as acute or chronic anxiety, depression, an obsessive–compulsive disorder, a phobia, or a personality disorder. Freud's typology of neuroses in "Introduction to Psychoanalysis" (1923) included: Psychoneuroses Transference neuroses Hysteria Anxiety hysteria Various phobias Conversion hysteria Compulsion neuroses Trauma neuroses Narcistic neuroses True neuroses Neurasthenia Anxiety neurosis Hypochondria