flange on one side to keep the wheels, and hence the train, running on the rails, when the limits of the geometry based alignment are reached, e.g. due to some emergency or defect. Vacuum flanges A vacuum flange is a flange at the end of a tube used to connect vacuum chambers, tubing and vacuum pumps to each other. Microwave In microwave telecommunications, a flange is a type of cable joint which allows different types of waveguide to connect. Several different microwave RF flange types exist, such as CAR, CBR, OPC, PAR, PBJ, PBR, PDR, UAR, UBR, UDR, icp and UPX. Ski boots Ski boots use flanges at the toe or heel to connect to the binding of the ski. The size and shape for flanges on alpine skiing boots is standardized in ISO 5355. Traditional telemark and cross country boots use the 75 mm Nordic Norm, but the toe flange is informally known as the "duckbill". New cross country bindings eliminate the flange entirely and use a steel bar embedded within the sole instead. See also Casing head Closet flange Victaulic Swivel References Further reading ASME B16.5: Standard Pipe Flanges up to and including 24 inches nominal ASME B16.47: Standard Pipe Flanges above 24 inches ASME Section II (Materials), Part A – Ferrous Material Specifications ASME B16.47 Standard Pipe Flanges Yaang Pipe Industry ANSI Flange Torque Lookup Tool Piping Plumbing Mechanical engineering Structural engineering Train wheels