physicist Artur Rubinstein (1887–1982), pianist Arnold Rutkowski, opera singer Zbigniew Rybczyński (born 1949), animator and Oscar winner Marek Saganowski (born 1978), football player Andrzej Sapkowski (born 1948), fantasy writer Carl Wilhelm Scheibler (1820–1881), one of the most important Łódź industrialists Euzebiusz Smolarek (born 1981), football player Piotr Sobociński (1958–2001), cinematographer Andrzej Sontag (born 1952), track-and-field athlete Natan Spigel (1900–1942), painter Władysław Strzemiński (1893–1952), painter, Katarzyna Kobro's husband Borys Szyc (born 1978), actor and musician Arthur Szyk (1894–1951), artist Adam Szymczyk (born 1970), art critic and curator Aleksander Tansman (1897–1986), composer and pianist Jack Tramiel (1928–2012), computer manufacturer, the founder of Commodore Julian Tuwim (1894–1953), poet Andrzej Udalski (born 1957), astronomer and astrophysicist Miś Uszatek, cartoon character Michał Wiśniewski (born 1972), singer Paweł Zatorski (born 1990), volleyball player, double World Champion Hanna Zdanowska (born 1959), politician, Mayor of Łódź Aleksandra Ziółkowska-Boehm (born 1949), writer International relations Łódź is home to nine foreign consulates, all of which are Honorary. They are subordinate to the following states' main representation in Poland: French, Danish, German, Austrian, British, Belgian, Latvian, Hungarian and Moldavian. Twin towns – sister cities Łódź is twinned with: Chemnitz in Germany (since 1972) Stuttgart in Germany (since 1988) Lyon in France (since 1991) Vilnius in Lithuania (since 1991) Odesa in Ukraine (since 1993) Tel Aviv in Israel (since 1994) Rustavi in Georgia (since 1995) Barreiro in Portugal (since 1996) Tampere in Finland (since 1996) Puebla in Mexico (since 1996) Murcia in Spain (since 1999) Örebro in Sweden (since 2001) Lviv in Ukraine (since 2003) Denizli in Turkey (since 2005) Szeged in Hungary (since 2008) Guangzhou in People's Republic of China (since 2014) Chengdu in People's Republic of China (since 2015) Łódź belongs also to the Eurocities network. After the Russian invasion of Ukraine, Łódź terminated the partnership with Russian cities Ivanovo and Kaliningrad, and with Minsk, the capital of Belarus on 2 March 2022. See also History of Łódź Łódź Design Festival International Festival of Comics and Games in Łódź Explanatory notes References Inline citations Bibliography Alan Adelson and Robert Lapides, Łódź Ghetto : A Community History Told in Diaries, Journals, and Documents, Viking, 1989. "A Stairwell in Lodz," Constance Cappel, 2004, Xlibris, (in English). "Lodz – The Last Ghetto in Poland," Michal Unger, Yad Vashem, 600 pages (in Hebrew) Stefański, Krzysztof (2000). Gmachy użyteczności publicznej dawnej Łodzi, Łódź 2000 . Stefański, Krzysztof (2009). Ludzie którzy zbudowali Łódź Leksykon architektów i