be placed in hardware. Additional software components In addition to the core operating system, many embedded systems have additional upper-layer software components. These components consist of networking protocol stacks like CAN, TCP/IP, FTP, HTTP, and HTTPS, and also included storage capabilities like FAT and flash memory management systems. If the embedded device has audio and video capabilities, then the appropriate drivers and codecs will be present in the system. In the case of the monolithic kernels, many of these software layers are included. In the RTOS category, the availability of the additional software components depends upon the commercial offering. Domain-specific architectures In the automotive sector, AUTOSAR is a standard architecture for embedded software. See also Communications server Cyber-physical system Electronic control unit Hypervisor Information appliance Integrated development environment Photonically Optimized Embedded Microprocessors Silicon compiler Software engineering System on module Ubiquitous computing Notes References Further reading External links Embedded Systems course with mbed YouTube, ongoing from 2015 Trends in Cyber Security and Embedded Systems Dan Geer, November 2013 Modern Embedded Systems Programming Video Course YouTube, ongoing from 2013 Embedded Systems Week (ESWEEK) yearly event with conferences, workshops and tutorials covering all aspects of embedded systems and software Workshop on Embedded and Cyber-Physical Systems Education , workshop covering educational aspects of embedded systems