contain the entire libretto, although there can exist significant differences between the score and the separately printed text. More often than not, this involves the extra repetition of words or phrases from the libretto in the actual score. For example, in the aria "Nessun dorma" from Puccini's Turandot, the final lines in the libretto are "Tramontate, stelle! All'alba, vincerò!" (Fade, you stars! At dawn, I will win!). However, in the score they are sung as "Tramontate, stelle! Tramontate, stelle! All'alba, vincerò! Vincerò! Vincerò!" Because the modern musical tends to be published in two separate but intersecting formats (i.e., the book and lyrics, with all the words, and the piano-vocal score, with all the musical material, including some spoken cues), both are needed in order to make a thorough reading of an entire show. See also List of opera librettists References Further reading Kennedy, Michael (2006), The Oxford Dictionary of Music, 985 pages, MacNutt, Richard (1992), "Libretto" in The New Grove Dictionary of Opera, ed. Stanley Sadie (London) Neville, Don (1990). Frontier Research in Opera and Multimedia Preservation: a Project Involving the Documentation and Full Text Retrieval of the Libretti of Pietro Metastasio. London: Faculty of Music, University of Western Ontario. Without ISBN Smith, Patrick J. The Tenth Muse: a Historical Study of the Opera Libretto. First ed. New York: A.A. Knopf, 1970. xxii, 417, xvi p. + [16] p. of b&w ill. Without ISBN or SBN Warrack, John and West, Ewan (1992), The Oxford Dictionary of Opera, 782 pages, External links Public Domain opera libretti and other vocal texts OperaGlass Opera Index Selected operas with corresponding libretti OperaFolio.com Index of over 1000 opera libretti opera-guide.ch, opera libretti in German translation and their original languages Selected opera libretti at Naxos Либретто во сне и наяву (Libretto in dream and in reality), holding Russian and some Western libretti (in the Russian language, as Microsoft Word files), notably: Libretti of classic Russian operas (in Russian) Libretti in Biblioteca Estense, Modena, Italy Italian opera terminology Musical theatre Fiction forms