Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory AOGCMs represent the pinnacle of complexity in climate models and internalise as many processes as possible. However, they are still under development and uncertainties remain. They may be coupled to models of other processes, such as the carbon cycle, so as to better model feedback effects. Such integrated multi-system models are sometimes referred to as either "earth system models" or "global climate models." Research and development There are three major types of institution where climate models are developed, implemented and used: National meteorological services. Most national weather services have a climatology section. Universities. Relevant departments include atmospheric sciences, meteorology, climatology, and geography. National and international research laboratories. Examples include the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR, in Boulder, Colorado, US), the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL, in Princeton, New Jersey, US), Los Alamos National Laboratory, the Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research (in Exeter, UK), the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology in Hamburg, Germany, or the Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE), France, to name but a few. The World Climate Research Programme (WCRP), hosted by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), coordinates research activities on climate modelling worldwide. A 2012 U.S. National Research Council report discussed how the large and diverse U.S. climate modeling enterprise could evolve to become more unified. Efficiencies could be gained by developing a common software infrastructure shared by all U.S. climate researchers, and holding an annual climate modeling forum, the report found. See also Atmospheric reanalysis General circulation model Chemical transport model Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) (in the US) Climate Data Exchange Climateprediction.net GFDL CM2.X GO-ESSP Numerical Weather Prediction Static atmospheric model Tropical cyclone prediction model Verification and validation of computer simulation models CICE sea ice model Climate models on the web Dapper/DChart — plot and download model data referenced by the Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. (No longer available) NCAR/UCAR Community Climate System Model (CCSM) Do it yourself climate prediction Primary research GCM developed by NASA/GISS (Goddard Institute for Space Studies) Original NASA/GISS global climate model (GCM) with a user-friendly interface for PCs and Macs CCCma model info and interface to retrieve model data NOAA/Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory CM2 global climate model info and model output data files Dry idealized AGCM based on above GFDL CM2 Model of an idealized Moist Atmosphere (MiMA): based on GFDL CM2. Complexity in-between dry