and Indonesia. On 15 January 2022 the undersea eruption of the Hunga Tonga Hunga Ha'apai volcano broke the single international cable to Tonga, and at least one of Tonga's inter-island cables, severely disrupting communications to the rest of the world and leaving only limited satellite communications. The expected repair will take until mid February 2022. The repair ship will sail from Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea, via Samoa to collect spare cable for repair. On 20th October 2022 the under sea cable (SHEFA-2) between Banff UK mainland and the Shetland Islands was damaged. A full telecom and broadband outage was reported on the Shetland Islands, effectively rendering all emergency telecommunications inoperable. The undersea cable between the Shetland Islands and the Faroe Islands was also rendered damaged which contributed to the lack of redundancy and full telecommunications outage. It was reported that fishing activity contributed to the damage. See also Bathometer Cable layer Cable landing point List of domestic submarine communications cables List of international submarine communications cables Loaded submarine cable Submarine power cable Transatlantic communications cable References Further reading External links The International Cable Protection Committee – includes a register of submarine cables worldwide (though not always updated as often as one might hope) Timeline of Submarine Communications Cables, 1850–2010 Kingfisher Information Service – Cable Awareness; UK Fisherman's Submarine Cable Awareness site Orange's Fishermen's/Submarine Cable Information Oregon Fisherman's Cable Committee Articles History of the Atlantic Cable & Submarine Telegraphy – Wire Rope and the Submarine Cable Industry Mother Earth Mother Board – Wired article by Neal Stephenson about submarine cables Winkler, Jonathan Reed. Nexus: Strategic Communications and American Security in World War I. (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2008) Account of how U.S. government discovered strategic significance of communications lines, including submarine cables, during World War I. Animations from Alcatel showing how submarine cables are installed and repaired Work begins to repair severed net Flexibility in Undersea Networks – Ocean News & Technology magazine Dec. 2014 Maps Submarine Cable Map by TeleGeography Map gallery of submarine cable maps by TeleGeography, showing evolution since 2000. 2008 map in the Guardian; 2014 map on CNN. Map and Satellite views of US landing sites for transatlantic cables Map and Satellite views of US landing sites for transpacific cables Positions and Route information of Submarine Cables in the Seas Around the UK Coastal construction Telecommunications equipment History of telecommunications no:Sjøkabel