military defeat of the Russian serf-army by free troops from Britain and France as proof of the need for emancipation. The Crimean War also led to the realisation by the Russian government of its technological inferiority, in military practices as well as weapons. Chronology of major battles of the war Battle of Sinop, 30 November 1853 Siege of Silistra, 5 April – 25 June 1854 First Battle of Bomarsund, 21 June 1854 Second Battle of Bomarsund, 15 August 1854 Siege of Petropavlovsk, 30–31 August 1854, on the Pacific coast Battle of the Alma, 20 September 1854 Siege of Sevastopol, 25 September 1854 to 8 September 1855 Battle of Balaclava, 25 October 1854 (see also Charge of the Light Brigade and the Thin Red Line) Battle of Inkerman, 5 November 1854 Battle of Eupatoria, 17 February 1855 Battle of the Chernaya (aka "Battle of Traktir Bridge"), 16 August 1855 Battle of Kinburn (1855), 17 October 1855 Sea of Azoff naval campaign, May to November 1855 Siege of Kars, June to 28 November 1855 See also Crimean War Research Society Foreign policy of the Russian Empire Grand Crimean Central Railway International relations (1814–1919) List of Crimean War Victoria Cross recipients List of British recipients of the Légion d'Honneur for the Crimean War Order of Nakhimov Peace Concluded (painting) Notes and references Notes References Sources Further reading Ramm, Agatha, and B. H. Sumner. "The Crimean War." in J. P. T. Bury, ed., The New Cambridge Modern History: Volume 10: The Zenith of European Power, 1830–1870 (1960) pp. 468–492, short survey online Rath, Andrew C. The Crimean War in Imperial Context, 1854–1856 (Palgrave Macmillan, 2015). Rich, Norman Why the Crimean War: A Cautionary Tale (1985) McGraw-Hill Ridley, Jasper. Lord Palmerston (1970) pp. 425–454 online Schroeder, Paul W. Austria, Great Britain, and the Crimean War: The Destruction of the European Concert (Cornell Up, 1972) online Temperley, Harold W. V. England and the Near East: The Crimea (1936) online Trager, Robert F. "Long-term consequences of aggressive diplomacy: European relations after Austrian Crimean War threats." Security Studies 21.2 (2012): 232–265. Online Wetzel, David The Crimean War: A Diplomatic History (1985) Columbia University Press Historiography and memory Contemporary sources vol1 – vol2 – vol3 – vol4 – vol5 – vol6 – vol7 – vol8 – vol9 Volume I: History of individual Corps Volume II: History of disease, wounds and injuries External links 1850s in the Ottoman Empire 19th