of wisdom." Origin of the currently recognized seven deadly sins The modern concept of the seven deadly sins is linked to the monastic tradition of early Christian Egypt, which was itself influenced by the neoplatonist teachings of the school of Alexandria. In the platonic tradition, the human being is composed of three components: the body, the soul, and the mind. Each component has its own primary function: appetite or desire (epithymia), feeling (thymos), and mind (nous). For each of these functions, the Egyptian monks identified three "thoughts" or logismoi that lead to disorders. These "evil thoughts" can be categorized as follows: physical (thoughts produced by the nutritive, sexual, and acquisitive appetites) emotional (thoughts produced by depressive, irascible, or dismissive moods) mental (thoughts produced by jealous/envious, boastful, or hubristic states of mind) The fourth-century monk Evagrius Ponticus reduced the nine logismoi to eight, as follows: () gluttony () prostitution, fornication () avarice (greed) () sadness, rendered in the Philokalia as envy, sadness at another's good fortune () wrath () acedia, rendered in the Philokalia as dejection () boasting () pride, sometimes rendered as self-overestimation, arrogance, or grandiosity Evagrius's list was translated into the Latin of Western Christianity in many writings of John Cassian, thus becoming part of the Western tradition's spiritual pietas or Catholic devotions as follows: (gluttony) (lust, fornication) (avarice/greed) (sorrow/despair/despondency) (wrath) (sloth) (vainglory) (pride, hubris) In AD 590, Pope Gregory I revised the list to form a more common list. Gregory combined with and with , adding envy, which is in Latin. Gregory's list became the standard list of sins. Thomas Aquinas uses and defends Gregory's list in his Summa Theologica, although he calls them the "capital sins" because they are the head and form of all the others. Christian denominations, such as the Anglican Communion, Lutheran Church, and Methodist Church, still retain this list, and modern evangelists such as Billy Graham have explicated the seven deadly sins. Historical and modern definitions, views, and associations Most of the seven deadly sins are defined by Dante Alighieri (c. 1264–1321) as perverse or corrupt versions of love; lust, gluttony, and greed are all excessive or disordered love of good things; and wrath, envy, and pride are perverted love directed toward others' harm. The sole exception is sloth, which is a deficiency of love. In the seven deadly sins are seven ways of eternal death. Pride is often thought to be the