calls "negatival complement". There are two main tenses/aspects in Egyptian: past and temporally-unmarked imperfective and aorist forms. The latter are determined from their syntactic context. Adjectives Adjectives agree in gender and number with the nouns they modify: ("[the] good man") and ("[the] good woman"). Attributive adjectives in phrases are after the nouns they modify: ("[the] great god"). However, when they are used independently as a predicate in an adjectival phrase, as ("[the] god [is] great", lit. "great [is the] god"), adjectives precede the nouns they modify. Prepositions Egyptian makes use of prepositions. Adverbs Adverbs, in Egyptian, are at the end of a sentence: For example, in ("[the] god went there", lit. "went [the] god there"), ı͗m ("there") is the adverb. Here are some common Egyptian adverbs: Syntax Old Egyptian, Classical Egyptian, and Middle Egyptian have verb-subject-object as the basic word order. For example, the equivalent of "he opens the door" would be ("opens he [the] door"). The so-called construct state combines two or more nouns to express the genitive, as in Semitic and Berber languages. However, that changed in the later stages of the language, including Late Egyptian, Demotic and Coptic. The early stages of Egyptian have no articles, but the later forms use , and . As with other Afroasiatic languages, Egyptian uses two grammatical genders: masculine and feminine. It also uses three grammatical numbers: singular, dual and plural. However, later Egyptian has a tendency to lose the dual as a productive form. Legacy The Egyptian language survived through the Middle Ages and into the early modern period in the form of the Coptic language. Coptic survived past the 16th century only as an isolated vernacular and as a liturgical language for the Coptic Orthodox and Coptic Catholic Churches. Coptic also had an enduring effect on Egyptian Arabic, which replaced Coptic as the main daily language in Egypt; the Coptic substratum in Egyptian Arabic appears in certain aspects of syntax and to a lesser degree in vocabulary and phonology. In antiquity, Egyptian exerted some influence on Classical Greek, so that a number of Egyptian loanwords into Greek survive into modern usage. Examples include: ebony (Egyptian , via Greek and then Latin) ivory (Egyptian , via Latin) natron (Egyptian , via Greek) lily (Egyptian , Coptic , via Greek) ibis (Egyptian , via Greek) oasis (Egyptian , via Greek) barge (Egyptian , via Greek)) possibly cat pharaoh (Egyptian , lit.