Andrew, A. Bradbury, and R. G. Eades and independently in 1959 by I. J. Lowe. The name "magic-angle spinning" was coined in 1960 by Cornelis J. Gorter at the AMPERE congress in Pisa. Variations High Resolution Magic-Angle Spinning (HR-MAS) HRMAS is usually applied to solutions and gels where dipole-dipole interactions are insufficiently averaged by the intermediate molecular motion. HRMAS can dramatically average out residual dipolar interactions and result in spectra with linewidths similar to solution-state NMR. HRMAS links the gap between solution-state and solid-state NMR, and enable the use of solution-state experiments HRMAS and its medical research application was first described in a 1997 study of human brain tissues from a neurodegenerative disorder. Solution Magic Angle Spinning Use of Magic Angle Spinning has been extended from solid-state to liquid (solution) NMR. Magic angle turning The magic-angle-turning (MAT) technique introduced by Gan employs slow (approximately 30 Hz) rotation of a powdered sample at the magic angle, in concert with pulses synchronized to 1/3 of the rotor period, to obtain isotropic-shift information in one dimension of a 2D spectrum. Magic angle spinning spheres Rather than using cylindrical rotors, spinning spheres can be spun stably at the magic angle, which can be used to increase the filling factor of the coils, hence improve the sensitivity. Magic angle spinning spheres allow stable MAS with faster spinning rates. Applications There are significant advantages to using MAS NMR in structural biology. Magic angle spinning can be used to characterize large insoluble systems, including biological assemblies and intact viruses, that cannot be studied with other methods. References Scientific techniques Nuclear magnetic resonance