2›3p: -ta, -mata, and -sama 1›2p: -imi, -mama and -shtama 1›1p: none 1›4p: none 1›3p: -t"a, -nha, and -sa 4›2p: none 4›1p: none 4›4p: none 4›3p: -tana, -tana, and -sana 3›2p: -tama, -matama, and -masama 3›1p: -utu, -utuni, and -utusp"a 3›4p: -ushtu, -ushtuni, and -ushtusp"a 3›3p: -i, -ni, and -sp"a In Jaqaru (and all other Jaqi languages), the tie between object and subject is one of union; they are not separable morphologically, and conjugation requires simultaneous specification of both as a unit. Verbs are conjugated in two sets: one for principal clauses with ten tenses and one for subordinate clauses with twelve tenses. Verbs ordinarily consist of a minimum of three morphemes. However, typical verbs consist of many more (Hardman, 2000). See also Aymara language Aymaran Quechua language References Bibliography Belleza Castro, N. (1995). Vocabulario jacaru-castellano/castellano-jacaru (aimara tupino). (Monumenta Lingüística Andina, 3.) Cuzco: Centro "Bartolome de Las Casas". Hardman, Martha James 1978. "Jaqi: The Linguistic Family". The International Journal of American Linguistics. Volume 44. pp. 146–153. Hardman-de-Bautista, Martha James 1978. "Linguistic Postulates and Applied Anthropological Linguistics". In V. Honsa and M. J. Hardman-de-Bautista (eds) Papers on Linguistics and Child Language. New York: Mouton Publishers. Hardman, Martha James 1983. "'And if We Lose Our Name, Then What About Our Land', or What Price Development?" Evaluating Gender Relations Volume 35, number 3. pp. 151–161. Hardman, Martha James 2000. Jaqaru. Germany: Lincom Europa. External links Jaqi website Dr. M.J. Hardman's website, with links to listen to all of the Jaqi languages, glossed texts, Aymara materials on the internet, and much more. Jaqaru Digital Collection from the works of Dr. Martha James Hardman in the University of Florida Digital Collections The Sounds of the Andean Languages listen online to pronunciations of Jaqaru and Kawki words, see photos of speakers and their home region, learn about the origins of Jaqaru and its relationship to the Aymara language. Jaqmashi Association a small NGO set up to support the Jaqaru people, culture and language. Bautista Iturrizaga, Dimas: Mark Qillqa TUPE Estudio Histórico-Cultural de Marka-Tupe Pueblo de habla Jaqaru Año 750 D.C. - 2010—Fondo Editorial UNMSM 2010: . Aymaran languages Languages of Peru