a loudspeaker or not. In understanding the term 'acousmatic' appropriately, it is necessary to distinguish clearly between sound source and sound identity. If for example a recording of a solo cello being played in a recognizable way is sounded through a loudspeaker, the source of the sound is the loudspeaker, but its identity is still 'cello' for a listener. Thus, acousmatic music can be said to be that which calls for the listener to perceive sound without (or with a reduced) sensibility to the sound's identity. The listening mode is oriented instead upon more abstract timbral than mimetic aspects of the sound. Pierre Schaeffer has referred to this as écoute réduite (reduced or narrowed-down listening). It can be said that an écoute réduite leads to the perception of music as acousmatic, in the sense that playing sounds from loudspeakers has the potential for obscuring their identity, as the visual reference is removed. See also List of acousmatic-music composers References Further reading Austin, Larry; Smalley, Dennis. "Sound Diffusion in Composition and Performance: An Interview with Denis Smalley". Computer Music Journal 24/2 (Summer 2000), pp. 10–21. Chion, Michel. Guide des objets sonores, Pierre Schaeffer et la recherche musicale. Ina-GRM/Buchet-Chastel, Paris, 1983. Cox, Christopher; Warner, Daniel. Audio Culture: Readings in Modern Music Continuum Books (2002). collection of articles, many from The Wire. . Desantos, Sandra; Roads, Curtis; Bayle, François. “Acousmatic Morphology: An Interview with François Bayle.” Computer Music Journal 21/3 (Fall 1997), pp. 11–19. Dhomont, Francis. "Rappel acousmatique / Acousmatic Update". eContact! 8/2 (Spring 1995). McFarlane, Matthew W. "The Development of Electroacoustics in Montréal". eContact! 6/2 — "Activités électroacoustiques au Québec / Electroacoustic Activities in Quebec" (Fall 2003). Smalley, Denis. "Space-form and the Acousmatic Image". Organised Sound 12/1 (April 2007) “Practice, process and æsthetic reflection in electroacoustic music,” pp. 35–58. Smalley, Denis. “Spectromorphology: Explaining Sound-Shapes.” Organised Sound 2/2 (August 1997) “Frequency Domain,” pp. 107–126. Truax, Barry. “Composition and Diffusion: Space in Sound in Space.” Organised Sound 3/2 (August 1998) “Sound in Space,” pp. 141–146. Windsor, W. Luke. “A Perceptual Approach to the Description and Analysis of Acousmatic Music.” Unpublished doctoral thesis. London: City University, 2005. Wishart, Trevor. On Sonic Art. London: Routledge, 1997. . Ebook reprint 2016 External links Stanza di Suono/ Room of Sound. Electronic music Music technology Experimental music