Basque "talo". Cuba Jon Bilbao's book Vascos en Cuba, 1492–1511, published in 1958, examines the Basque presence on the island of Cuba during the initial transatlantic exploration period and is the predecessor of the volume Basques in Cuba, Edited by William A. Douglass, (Center for Basque Studies Press University of Nevada, Reno). Although there is information about the Basques in Cuba during the colony's first centuries, particularly in Havana, it was not until the mid-eighteenth century that certain prominent men whose origins were directly connected with the Basque Country made their mark on the island's society. The cultural trace of the Basques on the island has been considerable for various centuries in spite of the relatively small size of the Basque colony in Cuba. The Centro Euskaro, was founded in Havana in 1908 as a recreational and cultural society for the Basques and Navarrese in Cuba, following a pattern set in other capital cities in the Americas. Peru A notable percentage of Peruvian people have at least one Basque surname, with more than 6 million or 18% of the national population. They trace back their presence to colonial times. Uruguay It is estimated that up to 10% of Uruguay's population has at least one parent with a Basque surname. The first wave of Basque immigrants to Uruguay came from the French side of the Basque country beginning about 1824. Venezuela The first wave of Basque immigration to Venezuela consisted of Conquerors and Missionaries, during the Colonization of Venezuela. The second wave of Basque immigration started in 1939, as a result of the Spanish Civil War. North America Canada See also History of Newfoundland and Labrador. Mexico An estimated 2% of Mexicans have some amount of Basque descent, and that community has increased in size from immigration from Spain in the early 20th century. The Spanish Civil War in the 1930s brought over tens of thousands of refugees from the Basque Country to political asylum in Mexico and Latin America. Most Mexicans of Basque descent are concentrated in the cities of Monterrey, Saltillo, Camargo, and the states of Jalisco, Zacatecas, Durango, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas, and Coahuila. The Basques were important in the mining industry, many were ranchers and vaqueros (cowboys), and the rest small shops owners in major cities like Mexico City, Guadalajara and Puebla. Basque names are found in many places throughout north central and Northeastern Mexico, such as Durango,