Former Ontario NDP Premier and MP Bob Rae announced his candidacy for the leadership of the federal Liberals in 2006, and was re-elected to Parliament as a Liberal in 2008. He served as interim Liberal leader between 2011 and 2013. Françoise Boivin, a former Liberal MP who was defeated in the 2006 election, left the Liberal Party in 2008 and ran as a candidate for the New Democratic Party in the 2008 election. She was subsequently elected as a New Democrat in 2011. Cris Aglugub, who had been New Democratic Party of Manitoba MLA for The Maples from 1999 to 2007, was the 2011 Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba candidate in the newly created riding of Tyndall Park, where he placed third. Jean Charest, the former Premier of Quebec from 2003–2012 and leader of the Quebec Liberal Party from 1998–2012 was also the leader of the federal Progressive Conservative Party from 1995–1998 and a Progressive Conservative MP prior to that. Thomas Mulcair, the leader of the New Democratic Party 2012–2017 was a Member of the National Assembly of Quebec for the Quebec Liberal Party from 1994–2007, when he announced he would not run in that year's provincial election. Later that year, he stood as the NDP candidate in a federal by-election. NDP MP Glenn Thibeault (Sudbury) resigned his seat in order to be appointed the Ontario Liberal Party's candidate in a 2015 provincial by-election. He was briefly re-designated as an independent MP before his resignation became official. On January 1, 2017, Dominic Cardy resigned both as leader of the New Brunswick New Democratic Party and as a member of the provincial and federal New Democratic Parties. Cardy had not been elected to a public office as a New Democrat. On January 27 he accepted a position with the Progressive Conservative Party of New Brunswick, initially as strategic issues director and in April as chief of staff to party caucus. In the 2018 provincial election he was elected PC MLA for Fredericton West-Hanwell, which he had previously contested unsuccessfully as a New Democrat. He entered the provincial PC cabinet. In 2019, Lenore Zann, MLA (Truro-Bible Hill-Millbrook-Salmon River), left the Nova Scotia NDP to run as a federal Liberal Party candidate in the federal election; she served as an independent MLA until she formally resigned her seat. In 2021, Belinda Karahalios, MPP, having previously been removed from the Ontario PC caucus after