frolic, lark (of animals)' |- | zer || whey || Russu, Olteanu || older zăr, Aromanian dzãr, Moldavian/Banat/ dzăr masculine back-formation from zară (see above). |- | zgardă || dog collar || Russu (Alb.) || from Albanian shkardhë 'dog chain; (dial.) wicker gate in fence', from sh- + gardhë 'fence'. |} The Notes column contains information found in various dictionaries. "Not in current use" indicates words not found in dictionaries of contemporary Romanian. The Sources column indicates the linguist(s) or the works who suggested including the words in the list: "Sala": Marius Sala, De la latină la română (1998) "Hasdeu": Bogdan Petriceicu Hasdeu, Etymologicum Magnum Romaniae, 1894. "Russu": , Limba traco-dacilor, Editura Științifică, 1967. The words that have been identified by I. I. Russu to have cognates in Albanian are marked with (Alb.). "Vraciu": Ariton Vraciu, Limba daco-geților, Timișoara: Editura Facla, 1980. "NODEX": Noul dicționar explicativ al limbii române [The New Dictionary of the Romanian Language], Litera Internațional, 2002. In this dictionary substratum words are labeled cuvînt autohton "native word". "Olteanu": Sorin Olteanu, "The TDM Palatal". "Ciorănescu": Alexandru Ciorănescu, Diccionario etimológico rumano, Tenerife: Universidad de la Laguna, 1958–1966. Sorin Paliga, Etymological Lexicon of the Indigenous (Thracian) Elements in Romanian, Bucharest: Editura Evenimentul, 2006. Other languages There are also some Romanian substratum words in languages other than Romanian, these examples having entered via Romanian (Vlach) dialects. An example is vatră (home or hearth) which is found in Albanian, Serbo-Croatian, Carpathian highlander dialects of Polish and Ukrainian and other neighboring languages, though with modified meaning. Another one is Bryndza, a type of cheese made in Eastern Austria, Poland, the Czech Republic (Moravian Wallachia), Slovakia and Ukraine, the word being derived from the Romanian word for cheese (brânză). See also Substrate in Romanian Wiktionary: Romanian substratum words Romanian lexis Daco-Roman Daco-Romanian Vlachs Notes References Further reading Dominte, Constantin. "Le mot régional daco-roumain 'tirş': une hypothèse étymologique concernant le substrat du rumain, en rapport avec le grec ancien". In: Balkan Studies Vol 27, No 2 (1986): 253-261. Bogdan Petriceicu Hasdeu. Columna lui Traian, 1876. Bogdan Petriceicu Hasdeu. Etymologicum Magnum Romaniae: Dicționarul limbei istorice și poporane a românilor, 3 vols. Bucharest: Socec şi Teclu, 1887–1895 (reprint ed. Grigore Brâncuș, Bucharest: Minerva, 1972–1976). Ion. I. Russu. Limba traco-dacilor, 2nd edn. Bucharest: Editura Științifică, 1967 (1st edn. Acad. Rep. pop. Romîne 1959; reprint Dacica 2009). Ion. I. Russu. Elemente autohtone în limba română: Substratul comun româno-albanez. Bucharest: