recent memory. Thus, one is likely to write “Rabbi Moshe Feinstein ZT"L” (d. 1986) but far less likely to write "Rashi ZT"L" (d. 1105). This expression is utterly synonymous with Z"L (see above) in that Z"L inherently implies the person was righteous, but, in modern Hasidic communities, where has acquired a different meaning, ZT"L may be used to distinguish the Tzadik in that modern sense. In the course of time, additional versions of the above expressions were created, for example: ""; "may the memory of the righteous and holy be a blessing" (ZTVK"L; ), "may the memory of the righteous and holy be a blessing for the life of the world to come" (). Memory of the wicked While the above mentioned positive honorifics are added to the names of beloved people, the names of particularly wicked (evil, despised) people are sometimes embellished with the phrase "Yimakh shemo" ימח שמו, "May his name be blotted out". Another phrase is "Shem reshaim yirkav" שם רשעים ירקב, "wicked's name will rot". See also Bereavement in Judaism Honorifics in Judaism Chazal References Bereavement in Judaism Orthodox rabbinic roles and titles Judaism