youth-orchestras in Germany and travels around the world to perform its music, such as a recent trip to Beijing, China. Far more than in boarding schools from the Anglo-American tradition, responsibility for the everyday running of the School in the upper years is, in keeping with Salem's democratic ethos based on the principles of Kurt Hahn, placed in the hands of students under the guidance of staff. All activities and dormitories (Flügel) are led by students elected by their peers. School regulations are outlined with the consent of the student parliament and breaches of these are jointly dealt with by the School administration and the elected leaders of the student body in what is called the Leitungsrat or the 'Leadership Council', which comprises the headmaster of the college, the two Head Boys/Girls, the students housemaster/mistress and other senior staff members. In 2013 the one-year interdisciplinary Salem Kolleg was opened in Überlingen. The autonomously operated Studium generale programme prepares high school graduates for their academic and professional future through an orientation year of three trimesters during which trained advisors provide intensive career counseling, personal assessment with the help of assessment tests such as the Holland Codes, and outdoor leadership courses. The programme shares many of the facilities of Salem International College on the Härlen campus in Überlingen. The founding director was Gerhard Teufel, former director of the German Academic Scholarship Foundation (Studienstiftung des deutschen Volkes). Beginning with school year 2018/2019 Salem introduced a programme titled 10 Plus, which allows students from other academic tracks to achieve a full-accredited Abitur after one supplemental year of high school before entering the so-called Kollegstufe (Years 11 and 12), the equivalent of the British Sixth form. Approximately one-third of pupils receive financial aid through various scholarship programmes, the distribution of which is based upon both need and merit. Campuses Salem is spread among three separate campuses: the Lower School (grades 5 to 7) and the Middle School in Salem Castle (grades 8 to 11, and Pre-IB), and the 'Upper' (secondary) School in Spetzgart Castle and the new campus of Härlen (Grades 11 and 12, IB years 1 and 2). The Lower School was located in ′′Schloss Hohenfels′′, an isolated castle above the town of Kalkofen 20 kilometers to the west of Salem, until the end of school year 2016/17. Salem Castle is located in a former Cistercian monastery, which prior to secularisation in 1802–1803 was