Ranking Framework under UGC which will rank all educational institutes by April 2016. In February 2022 M Jagadesh Kumar was appointed as the chairman of the UGC,a professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering at IIT Delhi and former VC of JNU. Types of universities The types of universities regulated by the UGC include: Central universities, or Union universities, are established by an act of parliament and are under the purview of the Department of Higher Education in the Ministry of Education. , The list of central universities published by the UGC includes 55 central universities. State universities are run by the state government of each of the states and territories of India and are usually established by a local legislative assembly act. , the UGC lists 456 state universities. The oldest establishment date listed by the UGC is 1857, shared by the University of Mumbai, the University of Madras and the University of Calcutta. Most State Universities are affiliating universities in that they administer many affiliated colleges (many located in very small towns) that typically offer a range of undergraduate courses, but may also offer post-graduate courses. More established colleges may even offer PhD programs in some departments with the approval of the affiliating university. Deemed university, or "Deemed to be University", is a status of autonomy granted by the Department of Higher Education on the advice of the UGC, under Section 3 of the UGC Act. , the UGC lists 50 Institutions as Deemed to be Universities included under Section 12(B) of the UGC Act, 1956. According to this list, the first institute to be granted deemed university status was Indian Institute of Science, which was granted this status on 12 May 1958. In many cases, the same listing by the UGC covers several institutes. For example, the listing for Homi Bhabha National Institute covers the Institute of Mathematical Sciences, the Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research and other institutes. Private universities are approved by the UGC. They can grant degrees but they are not allowed to have off-campus affiliated colleges. , the UGC list of private universities lists 421 universities. , The University Grants Commission (UGC) has also released the list of 21 fake universities operating in India. UGC has said that these 21 self-styled, unrecognized institutions functioning in contravention of the UGC Act have been declared as fake and are not entitled to confer any degree.