Material efficiency is a description or metric (Mp) (the ratio of material used to the supplied material) which refers to decreasing the amount of a particular material needed to produce a specific product. Making a usable item out of thinner stock than a prior version increases the material efficiency of the manufacturing process. Material efficiency goes hand in hand with Green building and Energy conservation, as well as other ways of incorporating Renewable resources in the building process from start to finish. The motivations for material efficiency include reducing energy demand, reducing Greenhouse gas emissions, and other environmental impacts such as land use, water scarcity, air pollution, water pollution, and waste management. With a growing population and increasing wealth, demand for material extraction and processing will likely to double in the next 40 years. The environmental impacts of the required processing will become critical in the transition to a sustainable future. Material efficiency aims to reduce the impacts associated with material consumption. Some technical strategies include increasing the life of existing products, using them more in entirety, re-using components to avoid waste, or reducing the amount of material through a lightweight product design. For example, making a usable item out of thinner stock than a prior version increases the material efficiency of the manufacturing process. Increasing material efficiency is a crucial opportunity to achieve the 1.5 °C goal by the Paris agreement. Manufacturing Material efficiency in manufacturing refers to reduce the amount of raw materials used for manufacturing a product, generating less waste per product, and improving waste management. Generally using building materials such as steel, reinforced concrete, and aluminum release CO2 during production. In 2015, materials manufacturing for building construction were responsible for 11% of global energy-related CO2 emissions. The largest market for aluminum is the transportation sector, which produces vehicles, airplanes, railways, and subway cars; other applications include building, construction, and packaging. The potential in manufacturing can be related to improving waste segregation (e.g., separating plastics from combustibles). Recycling and reusing components allow for remanufacturing during the process improvement in creating the product, increasing the material's life for durability, technology development, and correct component/material purchasing. Material efficiency contributes to achieving a circular economy and capturing value in the industry. Many companies have applied the theory of circular economy to design strategies and business models to close material loops. Building process Since 1971, global steel demand has increased by