activists during the Indian independence movement. Jawaharlal Nehru often ridiculed the ICS for its support of British policies. He noted that someone had once defined the Indian Civil Service, "with which we are unfortunately still afflicted in this country, as neither Indian, nor civil, nor a service". As Prime Minister, Nehru retained the organisation and its top people, albeit with a change of title to the "Indian Administrative Service". It continued its main roles. Nehru appointed long-time ICS officials Chintaman Deshmukh as his Finance Minister, and K. P. S. Menon as his Foreign Minister. Sardar Patel appreciated their role in keeping India united after partition, and noted in Parliament that without them, the country would have collapsed. See also List of Indian members of the Indian Civil Service List of Public service commissions in India References Notes Further reading Blunt, Edward. The I.C.S.: the Indian civil service (1937) Burra, Arudra. "The Indian Civil Service and the nationalist movement: neutrality, politics and continuity," Commonwealth & Comparative Politics, Nov 2010, 48#4 pp 404–432 Dewey, Clive. Anglo-Indian attitudes: the mind of the Indian Civil Service (1993) Ewing, Ann. "Administering India: The Indian Civil Service," History Today, June 1982, 32#6 pp 43–48, covers 1858–1947 Gilmour, David. The Ruling Caste: Imperial Lives in the Victorian Raj (2007) excerpt and text search Gould, William. "The Dual State: The Unruly 'Subordinate', Caste, Community and Civil Service Recruitment in North India, 1930–1955," Journal of Historical Sociology, Mar-June 2007, Vol. 20 Issue 1/2, pp 13–43 Krishna, Anirudh. "Continuity and change: the Indian administrative service 30 years ago and today," Commonwealth & Comparative Politics, Nov 2010, 48#4 pp 433–444 MacMillan, Margaret. Women of the Raj: The Mothers, Wives, and Daughters of the British Empire in India (2007) Masani, Zareer. Indian Tales of the Raj (1990), interviews with retired ICS officers about pre-1947 days Potter, David C. India's Political Administrators,1919–1983 (1987) 289pp; the standard scholarly history Potter, David C. "The Last of the Indian Civil Service," South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies (Apr 1979), Vol. 2 Issue 1/2, pp 19–29 Potter, David C. "Manpower Shortage and the End of Colonialism: The Case of Indian Civil Service," Modern Asian Studies, (Jan 1973) 7#1 pp 47–73 in JSTOR Sharma, Malti. Indianization of the civil services in British India, 1858–1935 (2001) Thakur, R.N. The All India services: a study of their origin & growth (1969) External links The Indian Civil Service Government of