! scope="row" style="background: #efefef;" | Second person | | | | | | |- ! scope="row" style="background: #efefef;" | Third person | | | | | | |- ! rowspan="3" scope="row" style="background: #efefef;" | Imperfect ! scope="row" style="background: #efefef;" | First person | | | | | | |- ! scope="row" style="background: #efefef;" | Second person | | | | | | |- ! scope="row" style="background: #efefef;" | Third person | | | | | | |- ! rowspan="3" scope="row" style="background: #efefef;" | Future ! scope="row" style="background: #efefef;" | First person | | | | | | |- ! scope="row" style="background: #efefef;" | Second person | | | | | | |- ! scope="row" style="background: #efefef;" | Third person | | | | | | |} also has a conditional, for which there are two stems. The bas- stem is more common in the North, and the bydd- stem is more common in the South: {| class="wikitable" |- style="background: #efefef;" | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | ! colspan="2" scope="col" | Affirmative ! colspan="2" scope="col" | Interrogative ! colspan="2" scope="col" | Negative |- style="background: #efefef;" ! scope="col" | Singular ! scope="col" | Plural ! scope="col" | Singular ! scope="col" | Plural ! scope="col" | Singular ! scope="col" | Plural |- ! rowspan="3" scope="row" style="background: #efefef;" | ! scope="row" style="background: #efefef;" | First person | | | | | | |- ! scope="row" style="background: #efefef;" | Second person | | | | | | |- ! scope="row" style="background: #efefef;" | Third person | | | | | | |- ! rowspan="3" scope="row" style="background: #efefef;" | ! scope="row" style="background: #efefef;" | First person | | | | | | |- ! scope="row" style="background: #efefef;" | Second person | | | | | | |- ! scope="row" style="background: #efefef;" | Third person | | | | | | |} Hittite The Hittite verb "to be" is derived from the Indo-European root *. Armenian The Classical Armenian present tense derives from PIE *- (cf. sg. , , ; 3rd pl. ). Albanian The Albanian copula shows two distinct roots. The present jam ‘I am’ is an athematic root stem built from PIE *. The imperfect continues the PIE imperfect of the same root but was rebuilt based on the 3rd person singular and plural. The preterite, on the other hand, comes from the thematic aorist of PIE * ‘turn’ (cf. Ancient Greek épleto ‘he turned’, Armenian eɫew