this by blocking various acetylcholine receptors in the brain. Galantamine was shown to increase lucid dreaming by 27% at 4 mg and 42% at 8 mg in a 2018 double-blind study lasting three nights. Galanthus (genus) – An alkaloid in the plant is believed to increase the concentration of acetylcholine – a neurotransmitter that plays a very active role in dreaming Harmaline Hyoscyamine Ibogaine, Ibogamine, and Tabernanthe iboga Ilex guayusa can promote vivid dreams and aids in dream recollection. Melatonin and Ramelteon may cause vivid dreams as a side effect Mirtazapine, paroxetine, and varenicline often cause vivid dreams. MMDA Muscimol and other GABA receptor agonists like Zolpidem Nutmeg in commonly used amounts myristicin and elemicin, can increase vividness of dreams Water lily dried flowers may be smoked, or the rhizomes eaten, to promote vivid dreams. Many opioids may produce a euphoric dream-like state with microsleep, known colloquially as "nodding". Peganum harmala (contains harmaline) Scopolamine Silene undulata ("African dream root") is used by the Xhosa people of South Africa to induce lucid dreams. Hallucinogenic oneirogens Tabernanthe iboga (iboga) is a perennial rainforest shrub native to West Africa. An evergreen bush indigenous to Gabon, the Democratic Republic of Congo, and the Republic of Congo, it is cultivated across West Africa. In African traditional medicine and rituals, the yellowish root or bark is used to produce hallucinations and near-death outcomes, with some fatalities occurring. Psilocybe mushrooms and their active ingredients psilocin and psilocybin Salvia divinorum and other Kappa receptor agonists Ketamine Disputed oneirogens Valerian (herb) – A study conducted in the UK in 2001 showed that valerian root significantly improved stress induced insomnia, but as a side effect greatly increased the vividness of dreams. This study concluded that valerian root affects REM due to natural chemicals and essential oils that stimulate serotonin and opioid receptors. Another study found no encephalographic changes in subjects under its influence. Non-chemical oneirogens Binaural beats can be used to stimulate or trigger dream states, like hypnagogia or rapid eye movement sleep. Mindfulness practices could be useful in achieving lucid dream. Sleep deprivation can make dreams more intense, which is caused by REM rebound effect See also Oneiromancy Oneirophrenia References Sources External links Psychedelics, dissociatives and deliriants Dream