his book on bone fractures and modern techniques to deal with them called Treatment of fractures – which became his classic work – in 1929. On 29 March 1930 Böhler was promoted to professor at the University of Vienna. There he was teaching surgery and accident treatment. On 3 August 1936 he became an associate Professor. Böhler during World War II Little is known about Böhler's life during the Second World War. On 25 May 1938 he became a member of the Nazi Party (No. 6.361.999). In the summer of 1939 he was one of the 13 physicians of Vienna's University (7 professors and 6 private lecturers) who signed a protest letter against the suggested move of the A.M.A. from Vienna to London claiming "... that we the undersigned, know of not one case of persecution of a professor for his racial or religious adherence. ... It could rather be said that by the removal of certain influences a trend of charlatanism, which was beginning to damage the reputation of the Vienna medical clinics in the eyes of serious medical men, was eliminated". During World War II Böhler was inter alia working as an advisory surgeon for the Wehrmacht and at the Rudolfspital in Vienna, where he was the head of the surgery department and of a specialized military hospital for bone fractures. After 1945 Böhler was one of the scientists who resumed a successful career as Professor (in 1954 he became a professor) and physician (publishing many medical papers), despite his membership in the Nazi Party. He remained the head of the AUVA-hospital Until 1963. His son Jörg Böhler, also a surgeon, was the head of the AUVA-hospital from 1970 to 1983. Böhler's treatment principles Böhler's aim was to: save life save the part of the body save its function. This should be achieved by: a fast diagnosis painless adjusting immobilize the injured body part active movement of all other body parts but trying to avoid causing pain. Böhler rejected the methods of treatment which had been popular at this time: electricity, hot air and massage. Honours and awards Knights Cross of the Order of Franz Joseph (1915) Merit Cross of the Austrian Red Cross (1917) Military Merit Medal (Austria–Hungary) (1918) Red Cross Medal (Prussia) Honorary Citizen of Wolfurt (1957) Austrian Decoration for Science and Art (1959) Medal of Vorarlberg in Gold (1964) Ring of Honour of the City