Baden's succession evoked international challenges. The Congress of Vienna had, in 1815, recognised the eventual claims of Austria and Bavaria to parts of Baden which it allocated to Charles Frederick in the Upper Palatinate and the Breisgau, anticipating that upon his imminent demise those lands would cease to be part of the Grand Duchy. The disputes were resolved by the Treaty of Frankfurt, 1819, under which Baden ceded a portion of Wertheim, already enclaved within Bavaria, to that Kingdom, whereupon the succession as settled in 1817 was recognized by Bavaria and Austria. Events that occurred during his reign The end of Napoleon I's rule and the Congress of Vienna, which confirmed the territorial gains Baden had made during the Napoleonic era. 1818: The passing of a new, liberal constitution The height of Friedrich Weinbrenner's career 1817: The start of the administration of the Rhine by Johann Gottfried Tulla The premiere of the velocipede by Karl Drais Marriage and family Hereditary Prince Charles married Stéphanie de Beauharnais (28 August 1789 – 29 January 1860), daughter of Claude de Beauharnais and adoptive daughter of Emperor Napoléon I in Paris on 8 April 1806. Their children: Princess Louise Amelie of Baden (5 June 1811 – 19 July 1854) she married Gustav of Sweden on 9 November 1830 and they were divorce in 1843. They have two children. Prince of Baden (29 September 1812 – 16 October 1812) Princess Josephine of Baden (21 October 1813 – 19 June 1900) she married Karl Anton of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen on 21 October 1834. They have six children Hereditary Grand Duke Alexander of Baden (1 May 1816 – 8 May 1816) Princess Marie Amelie of Baden (11 October 1817 – 17 October 1888) she married William Hamilton, 11th Duke of Hamilton on 23 February 1843. They have three children. As Grand Duke Charles did not have any surviving male children, upon his death in Rastatt, he was succeeded by his uncle Louis I. It has been speculated that the foundling Kaspar Hauser was his son, and therefore the actual hereditary prince. Sincer Kaspar was unmarried and childless when stabbed to death in 1833 his heavily disputed claim reunited with the actual succession then held by Leopold, Grand Duke of Baden, since Louis I also died unmarried and childless three years earlier. Ancestry References 1786 births 1818 deaths 18th-century German people 19th-century German people German commanders of the Napoleonic Wars