Tiliaceae () is a family of flowering plants. It is not a part of the APG, APG II and APG III classifications, being sunk in Malvaceae mostly as the subfamilies Tilioideae, Brownlowioideae and Grewioideae, but has an extensive historical record of use. All through its existence the family has had a very lively history, with various authors taking very different views on what should be part of this family. As a result, it is recommended when this name is encountered to check what the author means. However, in the northern temperate regions the name is unambiguous as the only representative is Tilia, the lime or linden. APG II system The APG II system, does not recognise this as a family but submerges it in the Malvaceae sensu lato, which unites the four families Bombacaceae, Malvaceae sensu stricto, Sterculiaceae and Tiliaceae. Modern botanical taxonomy, such as the relevant volume in the Kubitzki series which conforms to APG, treats most of the plants that traditionally constitute the family (see above) in the subfamilies Tilioideae, Brownlowioideae, and Grewioideae within this extended family Malvaceae sensu lato. Cladistically, the traditional family Tiliaceae is polyphyletic. de Candolle system In the de Candolle system the circumscription of the family was: family Tiliaceae genus I. Sparmannia [sic: now Sparrmannia] genus II? Abatia genus III. Heliocarpus genus IV. Antichorus genus V. Corchorus genus VI. Honckenya [sic, see Clappertonia] genus VII. Triumfetta genus VIII. Grewia genus IX. Columbia [sic, now Colona] genus X. Tilia genus XI. Diplophractum genus XII. Muntingia genus XIII. Apeiba genus XIV. Sloanea genus XV. Ablania genus XIV. Gyrostemon genus XVII. Christiana genus XVIII. Alegria genus XIX. Luhea [sic, now: Luehea] genus XX. Vatica genus XXI. Espera genus XXII. Wikstroemia genus XXIII. Berrya According to APG II system, the current placement of these genera is mostly in the Malvaceae sensu lato, but with Gyrostemon moved to family Gyrostemonaceae, Muntingia to family Muntingiaceae, Sloanea to family Elaeocarpaceae, Vatica to family Dipterocarpaceae and Wikstroemia to family Thymelaeaceae (possibly reduced to a synonym of Daphne). The genus Abatia is assigned to the family Salicaceae sensu lato. Bentham & Hooker system The family reached perhaps its widest circumscription in the Bentham & Hooker system: family XXXIII Tiliaceae series A. Holopetalae tribus I. Brownlowieae genus 1. Brownlowia genus 2. Pentace genus 3. Diplodiscus genus 4. Pityranthe genus 5. Christiana genus 6. Berrya genus 7. Carpodiptera tribus II. Grewieae genus 8. Grewia genus