chords. Additionally, the absence of the rhythmic, consistent treadle allows Gretchen to lose her sense of stability and reality as she swoons over Faust. This section increases tension with a faster tempo, louder dynamics, and higher pitch in the soprano and peaks at Gretchen's remembrance of Faust's kiss ("Und ach, sein Kuß!"). Similar to the previous section, the music returns to the home key of D minor as Gretchen resumes reality and begins her spinning once more. The third part begins again with "Meine Ruh' ist hin/Mein herz ist schwer," but this time Gretchen escalates in intensity much faster than the previous sections. However, the treadle-like left hand is present, keeping her rooted in reality. Gretchen comes down from this fantasy quicker than before, as she realizes she and Faust will never be together. With a heavy heart, Gretchen comes to terms with this hard truth. The song ends as it began: in D minor, alluding to the monotony of the spinning wheel, and how reality is always present. Notable recordings Notable recordings include those by Elly Ameling and Jörg Demus Elly Ameling and Dalton Baldwin Barbara Bonney and Geoffrey Parsons Janet Baker and Gerald Moore. Anne Sofie von Otter, Schubert Lieder with Orchestra, CD, accompanied by the Chamber Orchestra of Europe led by Claudio Abbado. Other notable recordings include those by Kathleen Ferrier, Renée Fleming, Brigitte Fassbaender, Janet Baker, Kiri Te Kanawa, Dawn Upshaw, Christa Ludwig, Gundula Janowitz, Jessye Norman, Irmgard Seefried, Elisabeth Schumann, Lotte Lehmann, Rosette Anday, and Elisabeth Schwarzkopf. Nina Hagen, titled "Gretchen" on her 1991 album Street is an interesting electronic adaptation. References Sources External links German text and English translation, lieder.net Full score and MIDI file at Mutopia , Kiri Te Kanawa, Richard Amner "History and Theory Behind 'Gretchen am Spinnrade', D. 118" by Brenda Malvini, December 2008 Lieder composed by Franz Schubert Music based on Goethe's Faust Musical settings of poems by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe 1814 compositions