related to the transtheoretical model shows that interventions to change behavior are more effective if they are "stage-matched", that is, "matched to each individual's stage of change". In general, for people to progress they need: A growing awareness that the advantages (the "pros") of changing outweigh the disadvantages (the "cons")—the TTM calls this decisional balance. Confidence that they can make and maintain changes in situations that tempt them to return to their old, unhealthy behavior—the TTM calls this self-efficacy. Strategies that can help them make and maintain change—the TTM calls these processes of change. The ten processes of change include: Consciousness-raising (Get the facts) — increasing awareness via information, education, and personal feedback about the healthy behavior. Dramatic relief (Pay attention to feelings) — feeling fear, anxiety, or worry because of the unhealthy behavior, or feeling inspiration and hope when hearing about how people are able to change to healthy behaviors. Self-reevaluation (Create a new self-image) — realizing that the healthy behavior is an important part of who they want to be. Environmental reevaluation (Notice your effect on others) — realizing how their unhealthy behavior affects others and how they could have more positive effects by changing. Social liberation (Notice public support) — realizing that society is supportive of the healthy behavior. Self-liberation (Make a commitment) — believing in one's ability to change and making commitments and re-commitments to act on that belief. Helping relationships (Get support) — finding people who are supportive of their change. Counterconditioning (Use substitutes) — substituting healthy ways of acting and thinking for unhealthy ways. Reinforcement management (Use rewards) — increasing the rewards that come from positive behavior and reducing those that come from negative behavior. Stimulus control (Manage your environment) — using reminders and cues that encourage healthy behavior and avoiding places that don't. Health researchers have extended Prochaska's and DiClemente's 10 original processes of change by an additional 21 processes. In the first edition of Planning Health Promotion Programs, Bartholomew et al. (2006) summarised the processes that they identified in a number of studies; however, their extended list of processes was removed from later editions of the text, perhaps because the list mixes techniques with processes. There are unlimited ways of applying processes. The additional strategies of Bartholomew et al. were: Risk comparison (Understand the risks) – comparing risks with similar dimensional profiles: dread, control, catastrophic potential and novelty Cumulative risk (Get the