period, 55,538 incidents of violence were recorded. Indian forces engaged in counter insurgency operations captured around 40,000 firearms, 150,000 explosive devices, and over 6 million rounds of assorted ammunition. Jammu and Kashmir Coalition of Civil Society posits a figure of 70,000 deaths, most of them civilians. Since 2003, the annual fatalities have been declining. The districts with the most incidents of killing were Kupwara, Baramulla, Poonch, Doda, Anantnag and Pulwama. Surrender and rehabilitation policy Surrendering in Jammu and Kashmir has been institutionalized over the years. The 1990s saw some surrender policies, while in the 2000s, there was a policy for militants belonging to Indian administered Jammu and Kashmir and another for Pakistan administered territory. The first surrender policy for militants in Kashmir was launched on 15 August 1995. It was a copy of the policies already there for Naxalites. Appeals to surrender Appeals to surrender are made by security forces to militants at encounter sites as well. Some attempts are successful, while others are not. Mothers and other family members have made videos urging their child turned militant to surrender to the security forces. Sometimes the family member is brought to the encounter site and urged to talk to their children through loudspeakers to surrender. References Bibliography Conflicts in 1989 History of the Republic of India Guerrilla wars Kashmir Islamist insurgencies India–Pakistan relations Kashmir conflict Proxy wars Rebellions in India Terrorism in Pakistan Terrorism in Jammu and Kashmir Wars involving India 20th-century conflicts 21st-century conflicts 1980s conflicts 1990s conflicts 2000s conflicts 2010s conflicts 2020s conflicts