1788, Haynes left his pastorate at Torrington to accept a call at the West Parish Church of Rutland, Vermont (now West Rutland's United Church of Christ), where he led the mostly white congregation for 30 years. Haynes continued to write and speak about slavery. His contemporary white republican and abolitionist thinkers did see slavery as a liability to the new country, but most argued for eventual slave expatriation to Africa. The American Colonization Society (founded in 1817) was the largest colonization group. Included among its supporters were people such as James Madison, James Monroe, Henry Clay and Daniel Webster. The ACS was strongly supported in Vermont. In contrast, Haynes continued to passionately argue along Calvinist lines that God's providential plan would defeat slavery and lead to the harmonious integration of the races as equals. After asking for and accepting dismissal from West Rutland in 1818, he took a temporary post at Manchester. His final pastorate was in South Granville, New York where he was minister of the South Granville Congregational Church from 1822 to 1833. Haynes died in South Granville, and was buried at Lee-Oatman Cemetery in South Granville. He had composed his own epitaph, which was included on his gravestone as he had requested. Family While living in Middle Granville in the early 1780s, Haynes met and married Elizabeth Babbitt (1763-1836), a white schoolteacher. Their children included: i. Elizabeth (b. November 1785 Granville, Mass., d. 6 Sep 1866 Rutland) ii. Eunice (b. 3 March 1789 Rutland, d. 2 January 1859 Granville, New York) iii. Louis (b. 1790 Rutland, d. 12 January 1828 Granville, New York) iv. Electa (b. 26 July 1791 Rutland, d. after 1833 Granville, New York) v. Lemuel, Jr. (b. 11 July 1794 Rutland, d. after 1850) vi. Sarah (b. 6 May 1796 Rutland, d. August 1841 Granville, New York) vii. Olive (b. 9 August 1798 Rutland, d. 19 September 1823 Middlebury) viii. Pamela (b. 14 October 1800 Rutland) ix. Samuel Woodbridge (b. 11 January 1803 Rutland, d. after 1 March 1885 Kansas) x. William Babbitt (twin, b. 11 January 1803 Rutland, 3 March 1839 at sea) Legacy Middlebury College granted Haynes an honorary master of arts in 1804, the first honorary degree ever bestowed upon an African American. Historian John Saillant (2003, p. 3) writes that Haynes's "faith and social views are better documented than those of any African American born before the luminaries of the