The , literally translated from German as "Schindler Jews", were a group of roughly 1,200 Jews saved by Oskar Schindler during the Holocaust. They survived the years of the Nazi regime primarily through the intervention of Schindler, who afforded them protected status as industrial workers at his enamelware factory in Kraków, capital of the General Government, and after 1944, in an armaments factory in occupied Czechoslovakia. There, they avoided being sent to death camps and survived the war. Schindler expended his personal fortune made as an industrialist to save the Schindlerjuden. The story of the Schindlerjuden has been depicted in the book Schindler's Ark, by Thomas Keneally, and Steven Spielberg's film adaptation of the novel, Schindler's List. Poldek Pfefferberg, one of the survivors, persuaded Keneally to write the novel and Spielberg to produce the film. In 2012, over 8,500 descendants of were estimated to be living in the United States, Israel, and other countries. List The original list of transported to Schindler's Brünnlitz factory in Brněnec, occupied Czechoslovakia, was prepared by Mietek Pemper, Itzhak Stern and Oskar Schindler in September and October 1944. While the list was long thought to have been lost, in April 2009, a carbon copy of the original list, documenting 801 names, was discovered among the documentation Schindler's Ark author Thomas Keneally had donated to the State Library of New South Wales in Sydney. Another list with 1,000 names, compiled by Pemper upon the prisoners' arrival on 21 October 1944 at Schindler's Brünnlitz factory, was presented by him to the International Tracing Service in 1958. Two lists of 1,098 prisoners made by camp administrators in Brünnlitz on 18 April 1945 are also extant and preserved in Yad Vashem Memorial, where Oskar and wife Emilie Schindler are recognized among the Righteous. The first list contains 297 female prisoners and the second contains 801 male prisoners. There are several preserved copies and carbon copies of the later list from April 1945, some in museums and others in private hands, mostly those of former prisoners' families. Notable Abraham Bankier (1895–1956), businessman and Schindler's factory manager Joseph Bau (1920–2002), artist, poet and writer Moshe Bejski (1921–2007), Israeli supreme court justice (1914–2011), resistance fighter and Schindler's secretary (1889–1979), doctor and writer Meir Bosak (1912–1992), historian, writer and poet (1929–2014), musician and public speaker (1876–1950), doctor and writer Laura Hillman (1923-2020), museum docent and writer Ryszard Horowitz (born 1939), photographer Helen Jonas-Rosenzweig