pay for their individual healthcare when compared to men. While 49.6% of women are uninsured demonstrating that there is not much disparity between uninsured men and women. The lack of insurance does not affect men and women equally as women needs tend to be greater in order to provide care for child birth, family care, and security. Social security coverage has also been a factor as only 37.9% of those receiving social security are women; again this becomes an issue as elderly women are unable to pay for their growing health costs. As the cost of healthcare increases due to deregulation of trade and privatization, research has shown that the conditions mentioned above have greatly reduced women's capability to access healthcare in China. WTO membership (2001-present) While China's entry to WTO was presumed to further motivate its economic development and improve its market structure, it has also been worried that joining WTO will worsen China's labor surplus because over-hired labor in state enterprises may be deemed "inefficient" once China entered global market. Moreover, studies have shown that the workforce in China was made of only 40% women but 60% of those laid off were women, which demonstrated that women are much more vulnerable to these effects than man. Statistics obtained in 2008 have shown that males enjoy higher physical well-being than females. However, it is not addressed if the situation could be related to China's changing economy in any ways. Healthcare policies Health systems in China have changed considerably during the transition to a market economy. As the transformation evolved, China's new decentralized government divided responsibility for urban health services between the ministries of Health and Labor and Social Security. As the industrial markets were liberalizing so too were the health systems, which left many Chinese citizens uninsured having to pay for their care out of pocket with cash. Under China's new trade policies brought on by membership to the WTO, China's open market was exposed to foreign competition. This led to the import of better drugs and more expensive medical equipment, which in turn gave way to higher cost of care. This priced out many Chinese who were in dire need of medical attention. Between the late 1970s and the late 1990s, the Chinese government transfers for health expenditure fell by 50% and are continuing to fall. The Chinese were spending more on healthcare but the share the state