of Mothering: Psychoanalysis and the Sociology of Gender (1978) Chodorow's four main ideas throughout her book are; what personality traits are specific to women, how does the pattern of male dominance might be understood and changed, how most women think of themselves as heterosexual, and why women have the urge to mother. Chodorow views mothering as a dual structure, where motherhood is partly fixed by childhood experience and the social structure of kinship. She explains that the process of a woman becoming a mother goes beyond biology and instinct alone. Chodorow argues that "mothering" is built into the female personality because we are mothered by women. She continues to talk about how mothering is socially constructed, therefore it needs explanation. Chodorow argues in her book, The Reproduction of Mothering (1978; 2nd ed., 1999), that gender differences are comprised from formations of the Oedipal complex. Although both male and female children experience closeness with their mother, their experiences are different because females want to gain and derive gratification and that is something that is absent in males. She states that women's mothering is one of the most common elements of the sexual division of labor. Women have been subjected to having the sole responsibility of caring for a child and being the primary caretaker of the child. Women seek to mother the children and receive gratification from them which leads to women being in the domestic sphere and men being in the public sphere. One skepticism of her assertion is that this could lead some people to believe that women are not psychologically suited to work in the public sphere. She begins with Freud's assertion that the individual is born bisexual and that the child's mother is its first sexual object. Chodorow, drawing on the work of Karen Horney and Melanie Klein, notes that the child forms its ego in reaction to the dominating figure of the mother. The male child forms this sense of independent agency easily, identifying with the agency and freedom of the father, and emulating his possessive interest in the mother/wife. This task is not as simple for the female child. The mother identifies with her more strongly, and the daughter attempts to make the father her new love object. The female child is then is stymied in her ego formation by the intense bond with the mother. Where male children typically experience love as a dyadic