genre of Qawwali music has been popularized by renowned Pakistani musicians, including Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan. There is some discussion of Indian harmonium makers producing reproductions of Western-style reed organs for the export trade. Vidyadhar Oke has developed a 22-microtone harmonium, which can play 22 microtones as required in Indian classical music. The fundamental tone (Shadja) and the fifth (Pancham) are fixed, but the other ten notes have two microtones each, one higher and one lower. The higher microtone is selected by pulling out a knob below the key. In this way, the 22-shruti harmonium can be tuned for any particular raga by simply pulling out knobs wherever a higher shruti is required. Bhishmadev Vedi is said to have been the first to contemplate improving the harmonium by augmenting it with a swarmandal (harp-like string box) attached to the top of the instrument. His disciple, Manohar Chimote, later implemented this concept, also making the instrument more responsive to key pressure, and called the instrument a samvadini—a name now widely accepted. Bhishmadev Vedi is also said to have been among the first to contemplate and design compositions specifically for the harmonium, styled along the lines of "tantakari"—performance of music on stringed instruments. These compositions tend to have a lot of cut notes and high-speed passages, creating an effect similar to that of a string being plucked. In 1954, Late Jogesh Chandra Biswas first modified the then-existing harmoniums, so it folds down into a much thinner space for easier maneuverability. Before that, if the instrument was boxed, it used to need two people to carry it, holding it from either side. This improvisation became a generic design in most harmoniums since then and was coined with the term "Folding Harmoniums". The Shruti box, a keyless harmonium used only to produce drones to support other soloists. Types In the view points of preservation of cultural properties, maintenance and restoration, the pump organs are often categorized into several types. Historical instruments Early instruments Note: the term "melodium" seems to be interchangeable with the terms "melodion" and "melodeon". Harmonium Harmoniums are pressure system free-reed organs. Suction reed organs are vacuum system free-reed organs. Melodeons and Seraphines Note: The term "melodeon" seems to be interchangeable with the terms "melodion" and "melodium". For the type of accordion, see . s (electric-fan driven / electronic organs) Related instruments Harmonica Shruti box Pipe organ References External links The Reed