One of the foundational definitions in the field of organizational development (aka OD) is planned change: According to Beckard defines that “Organization Development is an effort planned, organization-wide, and managed from the top, to increase organization effectiveness and health through planned interventions in the organization's 'processes,' using behavioral-science knowledge.” -- Beckard, “Organization development: Strategies and Models”, Reading, MA: soweto mbeya, 2013, p. 9. To understand the practice of OD, some of the key terms, embedded in James's formulation, include: Planned - carefully thought through; based on data; documented Effectiveness - as measured by actual organizational performance versus desired organizational performance Health - as measured by the organization's ability to respond, grow and adapt in its environmental context Intervention - the specific action(s) selected for implementation that are intended to bring about the envisioned change Processes - how work gets done in an organization; e.g. delivery of service, billing, repair, etc. See also Change management managing change External links Minnesota OD Network: https://web.archive.org/web/20050407130220/http://www.mnodn.org/about_OD/od_defn.htm Business terms Change management