popes, and made it the residence of the commendatory abbot. Many of these abbots cared little for the religious life of the monks and looked only for revenue. One example, Pompeo Colonna, Bishop of Rieti, commendatory abbot since 1506, squandered the goods of the abbey and gave the income to people described as unworthy subjects. On receiving a complaint from the community, in 1510 Julius II readjusted matters and restored the monastic possessions. For spiritual benefit, a union was made between Subiaco and the Abbey of Farfa, but it lasted only a short time. In 1514, Subiaco joined the Congregation of Santa Justina, whose abbot-general was titular of St. Scholastica, while a cardinal remained commendatory abbot. Even after this union there were quarrels between Subiaco and Farfa, Subiaco and Monte Cassino, essentially between the Germans and the Italians. After this little is known from historical records about the abbey and the city until the 19th century. In 1798-1799 and 1810-1814 French troops under Napoleon entered the city, plundering the monasteries and the churches. In 1849 and 1867 Giuseppe Garibaldi conquered the city as part of his campaign to end the temporal rule of the Pope and unify Italy: in 1870 the city became definitively part of the Regno d'Italia. In 1891, a Benedictine abbey founded earlier in western Arkansas, United States, changed its name to Subiaco as part of an effort to more closely align its teachings and practices to those of the famous abbeys of the Italian namesake. In the first years of the 20th century, the Subiaco area was improved by national investment in infrastructure, with the connection to a railway, a hydroelectric plant and an aqueduct. Electricity was brought to the houses and a hospital was built. In World War II, however, Subiaco was bombed by Allied planes. Main sights In addition to the two abbeys, including Abbey of Santa Scolastica, also noteworthy are: Nero's villa Rocca Abbaziale ("Abbot's castle"), a massive medieval edifice largely rebuilt in the 16th and 17th centuries. Church of Saint Francis (1327), holds notable paintings from the 15th and 16th centuries. The medieval St. Francis' bridge, a fortified bridge featuring a span of 37m The neo-classical churches of Sant'Andrea and Santa Maria della Valle. People St Benedict of Nursia (480–543/547) Lucrezia Borgia (1480–1519) Gioacchino Pagliei (1852-1896), artist Gina Lollobrigida (1927-2023), international film actress Pier Paolo Capponi (1938-2018), actor Francesco Graziani (born 1952),