and subjective judgments", suggesting an algorithm to rank of the presidents based on objectively measurable economic statistics. The results placed Franklin Roosevelt as the best president for the economy, followed by Harding, Hayes and McKinley tied for second. The worst-ranked presidents were Hoover and Van Buren, tied. A common criticism of presidential surveys is that participants are "driven by liberal bias to give high ratings to presidents who expanded the role of government." The first British survey, published in 2011, places some small government advocates higher than recent US surveys have: Thomas Jefferson at 4, Ronald Reagan at 8, and Andrew Jackson at 9 (compare 7, 10 and 13 in C-SPAN 2009). Alvin S. Felzenberg, a professor at both the Elliot School of International Affairs at George Washington University and the Annenberg School for Communication at the University of Pennsylvania, is one of those who has criticized what he sees as a liberal bias in presidential rankings. In particular, he ranks Ronald Reagan in third place, substantially higher than averaged rankings. In his 2010 review of Felzenberg's 2008 book The Leaders We Deserved (and a Few We Didn't), Michael Genovese says, "Felzenberg is upset—with some justification—at the liberal bias he sees as so prevalent in the ranking of U.S. presidents by historians and political scientists. To remedy this, he has provided a counter to the liberal bias with a conservative bias. In doing so, he commits all the sins of which he accuses liberals. This book is a mirror image of the work he finds so troubling....It is unscientific, impressionistic, and highly subjective." See also Historical rankings of chancellors of Germany Historical rankings of prime ministers of Australia Historical rankings of prime ministers of Canada Historical rankings of prime ministers of the Netherlands Historical rankings of prime ministers of the United Kingdom References Further reading → A non-quantitative appraisal by leading historian. → A collection of essays by presidential scholars. → Contains the results of the 1962 and 1982 surveys. Greenstein, Fred I. et al. Evolution of the modern presidency : a bibliographical survey (1977) bibliography and annotation of 2500 scholarly books and articles. online Merry, Robert W. Where They Stand: The American Presidents in the Eyes of Voters and Historians (2012). → For Federalist Society surveys. External links "Ranking Presidents: Utter Nonsense or Useful Analysis?" 2001 column by John Dean. Historical rankings of public figures Lists relating to the