The Linnean Medal of the Linnean Society of London was established in 1888, and is awarded annually to alternately a botanist or a zoologist or (as has been common since 1958) to one of each in the same year. The medal was of gold until 1976, and is for the preceding years often referred to as "the Gold Medal of the Linnean Society", not to be confused with the official Linnean Gold Medal which is seldom awarded. The engraver of the medal was Charles Anderson Ferrier of Dundee, a Fellow of the Linnean Society from 1882. On the obverse of the medal is the head of Linnaeus in profile and the words "Carolus Linnaeus", on the reverse are the arms of the society and the legend "Societas Linnaeana optime merenti"; an oval space is reserved for the recipient's name. Linnean medallists 19th century 1888: Sir Joseph D. Hooker and Sir Richard Owen 1889: Alphonse Louis Pierre Pyrame de Candolle 1890: Thomas Henry Huxley 1891: Jean-Baptiste Édouard Bornet 1892: Alfred Russel Wallace 1893: Daniel Oliver 1894: Ernst Haeckel 1895: Ferdinand Julius Cohn 1896: George James Allman 1897: Jacob Georg Agardh 1898: George Charles Wallich 1899: John Gilbert Baker 1900: Alfred Newton 20th century 1901: Sir George King 1902: Albert von Kölliker 1903: Mordecai Cubitt Cooke 1904: Albert C. L. G. Günther 1905: Eduard Strasburger 1906: Alfred Merle Norman 1907: Melchior Treub 1908: Thomas Roscoe Rede Stebbing 1909: Frederick Orpen Bower 1910: Georg Ossian Sars 1911: Hermann Graf zu Solms-Laubach 1912: Robert Cyril Layton Perkins 1913: Heinrich Gustav Adolf Engler 1914: Otto Butschli 1915: Joseph Henry Maiden 1916: Frank Evers Beddard 1917: Henry Brougham Guppy 1918: Frederick DuCane Godman 1919: Sir Isaac Bayley Balfour 1920: Sir Edwin Ray Lankester 1921: Dukinfield Henry Scott 1922: Sir Edward Bagnall Poulton 1923: Thomas Frederic Cheeseman 1924: William Carmichael McIntosh 1925: Francis Wall Oliver 1926: Edgar Johnson Allen 1927: Otto Stapf 1928: Edmund Beecher Wilson 1929: Hugo de Vries 1930: James Peter Hill 1931: Karl Ritter von Goebel 1932: Edwin Stephen Goodrich 1933: Robert Hippolyte Chodat 1934: Sir Sidney Frederic Harmer 1935: Sir David Prain 1936: John Stanley Gardiner 1937: Frederick Frost Blackman 1938: Sir D'Arcy Wentworth Thompson 1939: Elmer Drew Merrill 1940: Sir Arthur Smith Woodward 1941: Sir Arthur George Tansley 1942: Award suspended 1946: William Thomas Calman and Frederick Ernest Weiss 1947: Maurice Jules Gaston Corneille Caullery 1948: Agnes Arber 1949: D. M. S.