Arbequina is a cultivar of olives. The fruit is highly aromatic, small, symmetrical and dark brown, with a rounded apex and a broad peduncular cavity. In Europe, it is mostly grown in Catalonia, Spain, but it is also grown in Aragon and Andalusia, as well as California, Argentina, Chile, Australia and Azerbaijan. It has recently become one of the dominant olive cultivars in the world, largely under highly intensive, "super high-density" plantation. Etymology The name comes from the village of Arbeca in the comarca of the Les Garrigues, where it was first introduced to Europe from the Ottoman Empire in the 17th century by the Duke of Medinaceli, and it has become one of the most widely planted cultivars in the world. Countries of cultivation Arbequina is grown in Albania, Algeria, Argentina, Australia: Areas of Adelaide, Buaraba, Loxton, New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, and Western Australia, Bolivia, Brazil: (Paraná), Chile: Areas of Arica, Huasco, and Limari, Egypt, France: Areas of Alpes-Maritimes and Hérault, Iran (Gilan), Israel, Libya, Mexico: Areas of Aguascalientes, Caborca, and Sonora, Morocco, Peru: Areas of Arequipa and Moquegua, Portugal, Saudi Arabia, Spain: Areas of Albacete, Almeria, Andalucía, Aragón, Avila, Barcelona, Catalonia, Córdoba, Cuenca, Gerona, Granada, Guadalajara, Huesca, Lérida, Madrid, Sevilla, Tarragona, Teruel, and Zaragoza, South Africa (Western Cape), Turkey, the United States (Winter Garden Region, Texas), and Uruguaiana, Brazil. Synonyms and areas Arbequina is also known as: 21 kilo in Córdoba, Cuyo, and Mendoza, Alberchino in areas of Granada and Guadalajara, Arbequi in Lérida, Arbequin in Albacete, Almeria, Avila, Guadalajara, Huesca, Lérida, Logroño, Tarragona, Teruel and Mendoza in Argentina, Arbequina Catalana in some areas of Córdoba, Arlequin in Almería, Blanca in Huesca, Blanca De Espãna in some areas of Argentina, K 18 in Al-Jouf, Manglot (Del) in some areas of Albacete and Valencia. Agronomic characteristics Arbequina trees are adaptable to different conditions of climate and soil, although it does best in alkaline soils; it thrives in long, hot, dry summers, but is frost-hardy and pest-resistant. Its relatively small cup, allows it to be cultivated under more intense, high-density conditions than other plantation olives The variety is very productive and enters early into production (from the first half of November). The fruit does not ripen simultaneously, and has an average resistance to detachment. Unlike most varieties, Arbequina has a high germination percentage, making it a common seedling tree for use as a rootstock. 78% of olive oil