the Russians; and among others, he helped to reconstruct the Poniatowski monument standing in front of the Presidential Palace. He also restored and renovated the Zygmunt's Column, and bought Polish castles in Czersk and Iłża, in order to save them from being demolished. In 1875, he established the Museum of Industry and Agriculture in Warsaw. He established evening schools for craftsmen and journeymen as well as penny-saving banks for the poor. He financed the publishing of sources important in the history of Poland, as well as professional magazines. He organized free libraries. Władysław Emanuel Lubomirski supported the Zoological Cabinet of the University of Warsaw, helping to purchase teaching aids and financing travel by employees of the university. He donated his collection of shells. He was interested in floristics and studied the behavior of plants in the changed climate conditions. The Zoological Museum of the Institute of Zoology of the Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN) has been making use of his collections to this day. Prince Władysław Lubomirski (1866 – 1934) was a patron and founder of Music Young Poland. To facilitate the operation of the organization, he founded a company that promoted talented young Polish artists. He supported music education. He helped to promote Karol Szymanowski, Artur Rubinstein, and Grzegorz Fitelberg. He helped to protect the Warsaw Philharmonic from closure by Tsarist officials. Władysław and Jan Tadeusz Lubomirski were important in creating the Family Association of the Princes Lubomirski. Prince Stanisław Sebastian Lubomirski (1875 – 1932) founded the Warsaw aviation association Aviata in 1910. His aim was to establish the first civilian pilot school and aircraft factory on Polish soil. The first airport of Aviata was located at Mokotów Field, with the permission of Tsarist officials. Independent Poland On 7 of October 1918, after 123 years under the third partition, on the initiative of Prince Regent Zdzisław Lubomirski (1865 – 1943), Polish independence was proclaimed and published in the Monitor Polski. Zdzisław was a politician, president of the Civic Committee, and the president of Warsaw. He extended self-government, organized intervention works, credit unions, and cared for the education and living conditions of the Varsovians. His activities mapped out the direction that future politicians of the independent state would follow. In 1926, he undertook the role of mediator between the parties to the May coup. In the 1930s, he was a senator on the foreign affairs and military committees. During World