distinguishes itself from both idealism and relativism. Neopragmatism is to be distinguished from idealism primarily in the fact that it does not, like idealism, believe that what is actually in the world is affected in any way by what individuals believe concerning it. Neopragmatism holds to the doctrine of a mind-independent reality while simultaneously maintaining that this world is not knowable in the classical Cartesian sense of the word "know". The neopragmatist views mind-independent reality to causally influence people's minds but whatever way that influence may be on the individual mind is up to the individual. Neopragmatism is to be distinguished from epistemic relativism on the force of the idea that in order to be an epistemic relativist one must be concerned about getting one's ideas "right" in relation to reality. The neopragmatist thesis views this to be a concern which is of no use and therefore is to be discarded. Neopragmatists hold that it makes no sense to talk about getting reality right due to the fact that this adds no utility to do so. The neopragmatist is concerned with developing beliefs and habits which allow one to adapt to one's environment with success rather than generating pictures used in order to describe reality. Since neopragmatism lacks any concern for generating descriptive pictures of reality the whole question of epistemic relativism is meaningless. See also Conceptual pragmatism Confirmation holism Constructivist epistemology Direct and indirect realism Fallibilism Linguistic turn Ontological pluralism Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature, the foundational text of the tradition Postanalytic philosophy Notes References Hylton, Peter, "Willard van Orman Quine", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Summer 2013 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = <http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2013/entries/quine/>. Further reading Randall Auxier, Eli Kramer, and Krzysztof Piotr Skowroński, eds., (2019). Rorty and Beyond, Lexington. Krzysztof Piotr Skowroński (2015). Values, Valuations, and Axiological Norms in Richard Rorty's Neopragmatism, Lexington. External links Neo-pragmatist Philosophy of Education Epistemological theories Pragmatism Metatheory