came here to collect plants for herbaria around the world. It is an area rich in biodiversity and has a great number of endemic species, some of which are so rare that their existence is endangered. The rare and endangered species include the parasitic plant Exorhopalia ruficeps, which grows in the shady and damp undergrowth. The Penang Slipper Orchid (Paphiopedilum barbatum) is fast becoming over-collected and disappearing. The endangered witch hazel Maingaya malayana was rediscovered years ago and has since been propagated. Fauna Large mammals are not found on Penang Hill. Wild boars, small and medium-sized mammals such as the squirrels, monkeys and tree shrews can be seen. A number of species found in these hills are nocturnal. These include the civets, flying lemurs, flying civets and bats. In the evenings, the characteristic calls of the cicadas and crickets are often heard. If one is discerning enough, the stick insect and leaf mantis may be found well-camouflaged among the vegetation. Penang Hill has a rich bird fauna. Over 100 species or about 80% of the birds found on Penang Island have been recorded here. They range from the common garden species to rare deep forest inhabitants. Attractions Penang Hill Gallery@Edgecliff Edgecliff Bungalow (originally Braeside) enjoys an astounding view of Penang’s east coast. Although designed by the Scottish architect J.C. Miller as a private bungalow, the Penang Government acquired it only two years later. Overlooking the Penang strait from the port to the north down to the airfield to the south, its strategic importance was too obvious to be ignored. In 2019, Penang Hill Corporation and the Penang State Government initiated the idea of preserving and conserving Edgecliff Bungalow; restoring it into the first information and education centre on Penang Hill for travellers, visitors, world explorers, researchers, scientists, academicians and the intellectually curious. Today, Penang Hill Gallery@Edgecliff stands majestically watching over the UNESCO World Heritage Site of George Town. Divided into 5 gallery exhibits (Funicular Train, Time Tunnel, Biodiversity, Heritage, Cultural), Penang Hill Gallery@Edgecliff tells meaningful stories of Penang’s highest point from the lenses of those who have lived through its rich history, heritage and time. More info at The Habitat Penang Hill The Habitat Penang Hill offers the most complete and educational Malaysian rainforest experience and is located less than 10 km from the UNESCO World Heritage Site of George Town in Penang. Explore their 1.6 km Nature Trail which