disapproval) Bill Clinton (65% approval/24% disapproval) Dwight D. Eisenhower (61% approval/6% disapproval) Harry S. Truman (57% approval/7% disapproval) Jimmy Carter (47% approval/28% disapproval) George H. W. Bush (44% approval/38% disapproval) Barack Obama (41% approval/33% disapproval) Gerald Ford (37% approval/25% disapproval) Lyndon B. Johnson (33% approval/27% disapproval) George W. Bush (30% approval/55% disapproval) Richard Nixon (24% approval/54% disapproval) 2013 Gallup poll A Gallup poll taken November 7–10, 2013, asked 1,039 American adults the following question: "How do you think each of the following presidents will go down in history—as an outstanding president, above average, average, below average, or poor?". 2014 Quinnipiac poll A Quinnipiac University poll taken June 24–30, 2014, asked 1,446 American registered voters who they believed were the best and worst presidents since World War II. 2017 Quinnipiac poll Four years later, a Quinnipiac University poll taken January 20–25, 2017, asked 1,190 American voters who they believed were the best and worst presidents since World War II. 2017 Morning Consult poll Including President Donald Trump for the first time, a Morning Consult poll taken February 9–10, 2017, asked 1,791 American registered voters who they believed were the best and worst presidents since World War II. 2018 Quinnipiac poll A Quinnipiac University poll taken March 3–5, 2018, asked 1,122 American voters who they believed were the best and worst presidents since World War II. 2021 Gallup poll A Gallup poll taken January 4–15, 2021, asked 1,023 American adults the following question: "How do you think each of the following presidents will go down in history—as an outstanding president, above average, average, below average, or poor?" Memorability of the presidents In November 2014, Henry L. Roediger III and K. Andrew DeSoto published a study in the journal Science asking research subjects to name as many presidents as possible. They reported data from three generations as well as from an online survey conducted . The percentage of participants in the online survey sample who could name each president was the following: Barack Obama (100%) Bill Clinton (96%) George W. Bush or George H. W. Bush (95%) George Washington (94%) Abraham Lincoln (88%) John F. Kennedy (83%) Richard Nixon (82%) Jimmy Carter (79%) Thomas Jefferson (72%) Ronald Reagan (66%) Gerald Ford (62%) Franklin D. Roosevelt or Theodore Roosevelt (60%) John Adams or John Quincy Adams (56%) Dwight D. Eisenhower (54%) Harry S. Truman (50%) Andrew Jackson (47%) Herbert Hoover (42%) Andrew Johnson or