or two eggs and also as four. The incubation period is about 22 days, fledging occurs 17 to 20 days after hatch, and young are dependent on the parents for about three more weeks. The female does most of incubating but both parents provision the young. Vocalization The yellow-headed caracara is vocal mostly during the breeding season and also when quarreling over food. Its most common calls are a "scratchy wailing keeeah or a more drawn-out keeeeeeeee"; the calls are sometimes made singly but more often repeated. Other calls are a "more growling kraaa-kraaa-kraaa or krrrr-krrrr-krrrr; [a] piercing chay; and [a] thin hissing whistle, ksyeh, ksyeh." Status The IUCN has assessed the yellow-headed caracara as being of Least Concern. It has an extremely large range and an estimated population of at least five million mature individuals that is believed to be increasing. No immediate threats have been identified. It "will certainly move into lowland areas as they are converted from forest to cattle ranches or to small- or to medium-scale farming." Gallery References Further reading External links yellow-headed caracara yellow-headed caracara Birds of South America Birds of Costa Rica Birds of Panama Birds of Trinidad and Tobago Birds of the Caribbean yellow-headed caracara yellow-headed caracara