others identifying with one or the other. The questions of ancestry and style of life continue to be contentious. Predominantly, Indian settlements include Elbow Lake; Naytahwaush, the largest Indian community on the Reservation; Pine Point; Rice Lake; Twin Lakes; and White Earth, which is the second-largest Indian settlement on the Reservation. The following communities are considered to have predominantly Indian populations when their mixed-blood residents are included, whether or not those are enrolled tribal members: Waubun, Ogema, and Callaway. The largest community is Mahnomen, which is predominantly non-Indian in population. Tiny settlements that are likely predominantly Native American include Mahkonce, which is very rural; Maple Grove Township; Pine Bend; Roy Lake, a popular tourist and vacation destination; and the region around Strawberry Lake, which is also popular with vacationers. In July 2007, according to the Minnesota Chippewa Tribe, the total number of enrolled members of the White Earth Reservation is 19,291. Most members live off-Reservation, particularly those of Dakota ancestry. Some live in Minneapolis or other cities that offer more economic prospects. Beaulieu Bejou Callaway Elbow Lake Mahnomen MidwayNaytahwaush Ogema Pine Bend Pine Point Rice Lake Roy LakeSouth End The Ranch Twin Lakes Waubun West Roy Lake White Earth Demographics As of the census of 2020, the combined population of the White Earth Reservation and associated off-reservation trust land was 9,726. The population density was . There were 4,989 housing units at an average density of . The White Earth Reservation has a large non-Native population, as the Nelson Act of 1889 and subsequent legislation permitted sales of tribal lands to white settlers. In 2020, the racial makeup of the reservation and off-reservation trust land was 44.7% Native American, 43.2% White, 0.1% Asian, 0.1% Black or African American, 0.5% from other races, and 11.5% from two or more races. Ethnically, the population was 2.1% Hispanic or Latino of any race. The chairwoman of the White Earth Reservation says that the Indian populations of reservations are higher than counted during censuses. She said that many Reservation families had more than one family sharing the same residence, and these were not always counted. In some cases up to three families shared the same residence. During census counts, the extra families will likely not participate for fear of being evicted from their homes. It may be that the population of the White Earth Band is larger than that of whites on the reservation.