regarded them as traitors to both the Chinese state and Han Chinese identity. Wang's rule was constantly undermined by resistance and sabotage. The strategy of the local education system was to create a workforce suited for employment in factories and mines, and for manual labor. The Japanese also attempted to introduce their culture and dress to the Chinese. Complaints and agitation called for more meaningful Chinese educational development. Shinto temples and similar cultural centers were built in order to instill Japanese culture and values. These activities came to a halt at the end of the war. Notable figures Local administration: Wang Jingwei: President and Head of State Chen Gongbo: President and Head of State after the death of Wang. Also, President of the Legislative Yuan (1940–1944) and Mayor of the Shanghai occupied sector. Zhou Fohai: Vice President and Finance Minister in the Executive Yuan Wen Tsungyao: Chief of the Judicial Yuan Wang Kemin: Internal Affairs Minister, previously head of the Provisional Government of the Republic of China Liang Hongzhi: Head of the Legislative Yuan (1944–1945), previously head of the Reformed Government Yin Ju-keng: Member of the Legal Affairs Department, previously head of the East Hebei Autonomous Government Wang Yitang: Minister of the Examination Yuan, Chairman of the North China Political Council (1940–1943) Jiang Kanghu: Chief of the Education Yuan Xia Qifeng: Chief of the Auditing Bureau of the Control Yuan Ren Yuandao: Minister of the Navy (1940–1945) & Chairman of the National Military Council (1940–1942) Xiao Shuxuan: Minister of Military Affairs (1945) & Chairman of the National Military Council (1942–1945) Yang Kuiyi: Chief of General Staff (1940–1942) & Chairman of the National Military Council (1945) Bao Wenyue: Minister of Military Affairs (1940–1943) & Chief of General Staff (1943–1945) Ye Peng: Minister of Military Affairs (1943–1945) & Chief of General Staff (1942) Xiang Zhizhuang: Commander of the 5th Group Army, Commander of the 12th Army, Governor and Commander of Security in Zhejiang Province, Governor of Jiangsu Province Rong Zhen: Chief of the Committee for Subjugation Communists, Governor of Hebei Province (1945) Kou Yingjie: Councilor of the General Staff office Liu Yufen: Chief of General Staff (1942–1943) Hu Yukun: Chief of General Staff (1945) Hao Pengju: Chief of Staff of the 1st Army group, Governor of Huaihai, General commander of the 6th Route Army Wu Huawen: Commander in Chief of the 3rd Front Army Qi Xieyuan: Commander-in-Chief of the North China Appeasement