to the system, and the servitia have either been commuted via gratiae to a moderate fixed sum under particular concordats, or are the subject of separate negotiation with each bishop on his appointment. In Prussia, where the bishops received salaries as state officials, the payment was made by the government. See also Index of Vatican City-related articles Kickback Papal States Secretariat for the Economy Notes References References Attribution External links Economic history of the Holy See Economy of Vatican City History of the papacy