reduce standing wave hysteresis loss and the use of 18 volt preamps in an attempt to tame the 'quack' sound commonly associated with piezoelectric acoustic guitar pickups. Turner held the patent on the graphite guitar neck, which he developed in 1976 with Geoff Gould (who then started Modulus Graphite). Turner taught mandolin-building courses in the US and Australia and was extremely active on a wide range of musical instrument Internet forums and social media groups. Turner died from congestive heart failure and a stroke on April 17, 2022, at the age of 78. References External links Official website Rick Turner Interview NAMM Oral History Library (2007) Interview with Rick Turner, It's Psychedelic Baby, 2011 1943 births 2022 deaths American luthiers Businesspeople from Los Angeles Businesspeople from Massachusetts People from Marblehead, Massachusetts