bishop, but his diocesans refused to let him resign. The West was at peace under Valentinian I, so the Semi-Arians sent envoys to that emperor and to the pope to get help. Pope Liberius refused to see them until they presented him with a confession of faith which included the Nicene formula. He seems to have been unaware that the party now rejected the divinity of the Holy Ghost; but this was perhaps not true of the envoys Eustathius and Silvanus. On the return of the legates, the documents they brought were received with great joy by a synod at Tyana, which embraced the Nicene faith. But another synod in Caria still refused the homoousion. Council of Constantinople and after In 381 the First Council of Constantinople was also called in order to attempt to deal with the binitarians who were mainly Semi-Arians then. However, as the Trinity was officially finalized at this time, the offended binitarians walked out. For the rest of the history of the Semi-Arians (they were also called Macedonians); see Pneumatomachi. Also, in more modern times, Semi-Arian groups are said to include non-Trinitarian groups such as Jehovah's Witnesses and Creation Seventh Day Adventists. See also Councils of Sirmium Arianism Arius Athanasius Macedonius I of Constantinople Eusebius of Nicomedia Nontrinitarianism Creation Seventh Day Adventist Church References Sources Basilius of Ancyra, Eleusius, Eustathius of Sebaste by VENABLES in Diction. Christ. Biog. LICHTENSTEIN, Eusebius von Nikomedien (Halle, 1903) LOOFS, Eustathius von Sebaste und die Chronologie der Basilius-Briefe (Halle, 1898). External links Article on Semi-Arianism from the Catholic Encyclopedia Nontrinitarianism Arianism Christian terminology Nature of Jesus Christ