In the United States, a presidential commission is a special task force ordained by the president to complete a specific, special investigation or research. They are often quasi-judicial in nature; that is, they include public or in-camera hearings. List of presidential commissions First Philippine Commission – "Schurman Commission" (1899) Second Philippine Commission – "Taft Commission" (1900) Commission on the Organization of Government Scientific Work (1903) Committee on Department Methods – "Keep Commission" (1905–1909) President's Commission on Economy and Efficiency (1910–1912) President's Committee on Economic Security (1934) President's Commission on Administrative Management – "Brownlow Committee" (1937) Commission to Investigate the Japanese Attack on Pearl Harbor – a.k.a. "Roberts Commission" (1941) President's Committee on Civil Rights (1946) President's Scientific Research Board (1946) Presidential Commission on Higher Education (1947) Commission on Organization of the Executive Branch of the Government – Hoover Commission (1947) President's Committee on Equality of Treatment and Opportunity in the Armed Services – a.k.a. "Fahy Committee" (1948) President’s Committee on Religious & Moral Welfare & Character Guidance in the Armed Forces (1948) President's Water Resources Policy Commission (1950) President's Communications Policy Board (1950) President's Commission on Migratory Labor (1950) President's Commission on Internal Security and Individual Rights (1951) President's Commission on the Health Needs of the Nation (1951) President's Commission on Immigration and Naturalization (1952) Commission on Intergovernmental Relations – a.k.a. "Kestenbaum Commission" (1953) President's Railroad Commission (1960) Presidential Commission on the Status of Women (1961) Trade and Environment Policy Advisory Committee (1962) The President's Commission on the Assassination of President Kennedy – a.k.a. "Warren Commission" (1963) President's Review Committee for Development Planning in Alaska (1964) President's Commission on Crime in the District of Columbia (1965–1969) President's Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice (1965–1969) President's Committee for People with Intellectual Disabilities (1966; formerly The President's Committee on Mental Retardation, 1963) National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders – a.k.a. the "Kerner Commission" (1967–1968) President's Commission on Budget Concepts (1967–1969) National Commission on the Causes and Prevention of Violence (1969) President's Blue Ribbon Defense Panel (1969–1970) (urged 60% cuts in Pentagon staffs) President's Commission on Campus Unrest (1970) President's Commission on Financial Structure and Regulation – a.k.a. the "Hunt Commission" (1970–1971) National Commission on Fire Prevention and Control (1971) President's Commission on Olympic Sports (1975) National Commission on the Observance of International Women's Year (1975) U.S. President's Commission on CIA activities within the United States – a.k.a. Rockefeller Commission (1975)