and outward (nì chán) at the top, and a Negative (formerly nì ) Circle rotates inward (shùn chán) at the top and outward (nì chán) at the bottom. This terminology has been adopted by teachers of many styles of martial arts. Currently, Li Enjiu is the Standard Bearer and Chen Zhonghua is International Standard bearer of Chen-style Taijiquan Practical Method. The Chen Style Taijiquan Practical Method is taught by teachers around the world. Zhaobao Taijiquan and Chen-style Taijiquan forms Zhaobao Village (Zhaopucun 赵堡村) lies about 2 miles (3 km) to the northeast of Chenjiagou. Since the village was a local trade center and not settled by a single family, Zhaobao Taijiquan is a true village martial art, and the style was passed master to disciples among the villagers. Village martial arts developed as skills could be brought to a village. There they were merged with prior knowledge and evolved and were taught primarily for common defense. Zhaobao taijiquan designates several lineages and traditions rather than a single one. Also, taijiquan forms from other nearby villages get grouped with Zhaobao, such as Huleijia (Sudden thunder frame), even though they are not directly related. The villages proximity allowed residents of the Chen Village to intermarry or move to Zhaobao, so there has been an influence from Chen Taijiquan for centuries. Several Zhaobao lineages trace their roots to Jiang Fa (1574-1655), a servant to Chen Wangting (1580-1660). They claim that Jiang Fa moved to Zhaobao Village and taught taijiquan there for a number of years. Several other notable Chen Family members also lived in Zhaobao. The best documented was Chen Qingping (1795-1868) who moved and taught there. Some Zhaobao lineages include Chen Qingping. So, Zhaobao Taijiquan shares many stylistic similarities with Chen-style taijiquan, particularly Xiaojia, because it was influenced by Chen Family stylists. His disciples, such as He Zhaoyuan and Wu Yuxiang, promoted this unique style. Zhaobao Taijiquan is village style rather than one of the taijiquan “family” styles, and it does not originate through the teaching interaction of Chen Changxing with Yang Luchan as do other styles of taijiquan. Despite the similarities in appearance to Chen taijiquan, this style has its own theory, philosophy, and long history. It is truly a different “style" of taijiquan. Some consider it to be a distinct and separate traditional Chinese martial art altogether. Modern Chen forms Similar to other family styles of taijiquan, Chen-style has had