purpose of the Commonwealth, and the activities in which it ought to engage to further the values expounded. Critical to the document is the removal of a reference to the opposition to international coercion, which had been included in the Singapore Declaration. The implication at Singapore was that not even the Commonwealth itself had any right to enforce its other core values, as they could only be enforced by using coercive powers. This apparent conflict was resolved at Harare, and further clarified by the Millbrook Commonwealth Action Programme, which clearly mandated the Commonwealth to concern itself with its members' internal situations. In 2002, Zimbabwe was suspended for breaching the Harare Declaration. The country withdrew from the Commonwealth in 2003 when the Commonwealth refused to lift the suspension. References Further reading Hasu Patel, "Southern Africa and democracy, in the light of the Harare declaration." The Round Table 89.357 (2000): 585–592. External links PDF Full text of the Harare Declaration History of the Commonwealth of Nations Declaration Political charters 1991 in Zimbabwe Diplomatic conferences in Zimbabwe Zimbabwe and the Commonwealth of Nations 1991 documents October 1991 events in Africa