Runanga is a small town on the West Coast of the South Island of New Zealand. It is located eight kilometres to the northeast of Greymouth, to the north of the Grey River. Barrytown is further north. and the Rapahoe Branch railway run through the town. Runanga was formerly a railway junction, with the steep Rewanui Branch diverging from the Rapahoe line until closure in 1985. The town's origins can be traced back to European colonisation in the late 19th century, when large numbers of settlers came to work the local coal fields. The town's name is Māori for "meeting place". Coal mining is still the main employer of the town. History During the period 1853 to 1876, the area which became the township of Runanga was administrated as part of the Nelson Province. Unlike many towns and settlements on the West Coast which grew up around gold mining, Runanga was established as a centre to support the local coal mining industry. In 1902 the Seddon Government established its own coal mines, proclaiming the whole area on the north side of the Grey River as a State Coal Reserve. The Point Elizabeth No. 1 mine began producing coal from 17 March 1904. In 1903 a sawmill opened and timber houses began to replace the tents which had formed housing until then. The Borough of Runanga came into effect in 1912 with an area of 1,210 acres and a population of about 1,500. Demographics The statistical area of Runanga, which includes Dunollie and Rapahoe, had a population of 1,185 at the 2018 New Zealand census, a decrease of 63 people (-5.0%) since the 2013 census, and a decrease of 48 people (-3.9%) since the 2006 census. There were 519 households. There were 621 males and 567 females, giving a sex ratio of 1.1 males per female. The median age was 45.2 years (compared with 37.4 years nationally), with 201 people (17.0%) aged under 15 years, 204 (17.2%) aged 15 to 29, 564 (47.6%) aged 30 to 64, and 213 (18.0%) aged 65 or older. Ethnicities were 92.9% European/Pākehā, 11.9% Māori, 0.8% Pacific peoples, 1.8% Asian, and 1.3% other ethnicities (totals add to more than 100% since people could identify with multiple ethnicities). The proportion of people born overseas was 6.3%, compared with 27.1% nationally. Although some people objected to giving their religion, 59.5% had no religion, 26.3% were Christian, 0.3% were