create the ideal logic device that combined high speed, with low power dissipation and compatibility with older logic families. A whole range of newer families has emerged that use CMOS technology. A short list of the most important family designators of these newer devices includes: LV logic (lower supply voltage) LVT logic (lower supply voltage while retaining TTL logic levels) ALVT logic (an 'advanced' version of LVT logic) There are many others including AC/ACT logic, AHC/AHCT logic, ALVC logic, AUC logic, AVC logic, CBT logic, CBTLV logic, FCT logic and LVC logic (LVCMOS). Integrated injection logic (IIL) The integrated injection logic (IIL or I2L) uses bipolar transistors in a current-steering arrangement to implement logic functions. It was used in some integrated circuits, but it is now considered obsolete. Monolithic integrated circuit logic families compared The following logic families would either have been used to build up systems from functional blocks such as flip-flops, counters, and gates, or else would be used as "glue" logic to interconnect very-large scale integration devices such as memory and processors. Not shown are some early obscure logic families from the early 1960s such as DCTL (direct-coupled transistor logic), which did not become widely available. Propagation delay is the time taken for a two-input NAND gate to produce a result after a change of state at its inputs. Toggle speed represents the fastest speed at which a J-K flip flop could operate. Power per gate is for an individual 2-input NAND gate; usually there would be more than one gate per IC package. Values are very typical and would vary slightly depending on application conditions, manufacturer, temperature, and particular type of logic circuit. Introduction year is when at least some of the devices of the family were available in volume for civilian uses. Some military applications pre-dated civilian use. On-chip design styles Several techniques and design styles are primarily used in designing large single-chip application-specific integrated circuits (ASIC) and CPUs, rather than generic logic families intended for use in multi-chip applications. These design styles can typically be divided into two main categories, static techniques and clocked dynamic techniques. (See static versus dynamic logic for some discussion on the advantages and disadvantages of each category). Static logic Pulsed static CMOS Differential cascode voltage switch (DCVS) Cascode non-threshold logic (CNTL) Pass-gate/transmission-gate logic: pass transistor logic (PTL) Complementary pass-gate logic (CPL) Push–pull logic Output prediction logic (OPL) Cascode voltage