The Ford CHT (Compound High Turbulence) engine is an inline four-cylinder internal combustion engine produced by the Ford Motor Company in Brazil during the 1980s and 1990s. It is unrelated to the similarly-named CVH engine. The CHT was introduced in 1984 in the Mark 3 Escort, the first of the series to be released in Brazil. It was later used in the Ford Del Rey and the Verona (a Brazilian Orion), as well as the Volkswagen Gol. This engine was based on the Renault Cléon-Fonte engine introduced in 1962. Ford do Brasil inherited this engine upon buying the Brazilian Willys/Renault operation in the late 1960s. It has overhead valves (two per cylinder) and features a rotating valve design. The displacement of the original Cléon-Fonte used in the Ford Corcel was from a bore and stroke; this was later raised to for the "XP" engine (later called "1300-B" in single-carburetted form). The Cléon-Fonte was finally increased to () in 1979, a displacement which the CHT would inherit. Ford do Brasil used the Cléon-Fonte engine until 1983, when they made a thorough redesign to the head and renamed it CHT. There was also a smaller version with a bore. The Corcel-derived Pampa pickup truck also used the Cléon-Fonte engine until replaced with the CHT in 1984. The goal of the redesign was to create an internal turbulence in the combustion chambers to promote more complete combustion. The resulting unit was robust and economical, albeit with modest performance compared to the competing Volkswagen EA827 engine family. The CHT has lower peak power output but with generally higher average torque, with the torque curve being much flatter and closer to the maximum at any engine speed. Torque was the CHT engine's advantage, it being capable of running without much loss of power in very low engine speeds as well. It was also available to run on ethanol. Three models were originally available: 1.6 petrol 1.6 ethanol 1.6 XR ethanol for the Escort XR3 Later, the engine was tuned for better power figures and fuel efficiency: 1.6 petrol 1.6 ethanol In 1987, with the release of the Mark 4 Ford Escort, this engine benefited from some revisions, resulting in the CHT E-Max (maximised economy) version. All the new models featured better torque. This, the second generation CHT engine received the award of most economical engine of its time in Brazil, capable of running of petrol.