chromosome associated with the Middle East. Their history makes it most likely that they are Jewish rather than Arabic Muslims. In 2008, a gene mutation that is typically found only in Ashkenazi Jews, and is linked to a virulent form of breast cancer in women, was discovered in a cluster of Hispanic Catholic women in southern Colorado, many of whom trace their family's roots to northern New Mexico. It was conclusively shown to be related to Jewish ancestry, given the history of the people in the area, and many families reported knowledge of a high incidence of cancer. After testing and notification of families, researchers worked with the extended families on genetic counseling and to develop health strategies for monitoring, early detection and treatment, as they were faced with the higher risk associated with the gene. See also Anusim Crypto-Judaism Converso God-fearer Groups claiming affiliation with Israelites Interfaith marriage in Judaism Jewish assimilation Jewish identity Jewish peoplehood Mandaeans Marrano On Venus, Have We Got a Rabbi! What Is a Nation? Zera Yisrael Notes and references Notes References Bibliography External links Humanistic Judaism view on Who is a Jew Reform view of who is a Jew by the Union for Reform Judaism Who is a Jew by Jewish Virtual Library Orthodox and Non-Orthodox Judaism: How to Square the Circle by JCPA The "Who Is a Jew?" Controversy by the U.S. Library of Congress Who is a Jew? from www.beingjewish.com "How Do You Prove You’re a Jew?" Gershom Gorenberg, New York Times, March 2, 2008 "Rabbinical Court Puts Thousands Of Converts in Legal Limbo" Ruling Reopens Fractious Debate Over 'Who is a Jew?'", Nathan Jeffay, The Forward, May 8, 2008 "Israel considers question: ‘Who is a Jew?’ – Issue heads to higher court after rabbis annul some 40,000 conversions" (November 2008) Who is born a Jew? Rabbinical and Karaite interpretations side by side from half-Jewish.org Israel risks alienating Jewish diaspora over definition of a Jew The Economist, Jan. 11, 2014, "Who is a Jew?" Pew forum: Who is a Jew? Law of Israel Jewish law Jews Judaism-related controversies Politics of Israel Religion and race Jew Secular Jewish culture