Express stream unless they choose otherwise. Distinction Research Project Studies (RPS) starting in Primary 4, is a program to teach skills needed in research. Individualized Study Options (ISO) is a compulsory programme for pupils in Primary 5, wherein pupils do research on a specific topic. The students are asked to choose their own projects in Primary Five under Teacher Mentors. The student-teacher ratio is normally from 4:1 to 5:1. The Study Options given were: Individualized Research Studies (IRS) → research and present your findings InnoVation Programme (IvP, formerly IP) → students invent or improve things to solve everyday problems Future Problem Solving ( FPS) → Students solve future problems we may face in society Pupils in the GEP have to take Social Studies as a graded subject. Based on the mainstream textbook syllabus, students will have to study in-depth content. Lessons in the GEP are conducted with no textbooks or workbooks, with the exception of Chinese and Higher Chinese; lessons are more discussion, worksheet, and project oriented. Pupils in GEP learn poetry and literature (A Single Shard in Primary 4, The Giver in Primary 5, and Friedrich in Primary 6) as part of the Concept Unit under the English Language subject. A Wrinkle in Time was used as the literature book for Primary 5 students until 2014 when it was replaced with The Giver. The main purpose is to show students how a dystopian society functions. For English, students have to do different process writings based on the genres they have studied, including mysteries and fairy tales. In Primary 6, a graded Mathematics Alternative Assessment (Math AA) is given. The pupils will have to choose from six or seven projects that GEP branch officers in the Ministry of Education (MOE) create. These projects are individual and include research, a product to be made and reflections. They will also be required to do a biography unit, of which one is an oral assignment, with the latter a written assignment. Integration with mainstream In an article in The Straits Times on 3 November 2007, the MOE announced its new scheme to "encourage" greater integration between GEP and mainstream students, to combat elitism and encourage socialisation. GEP students in the nine primary GEP centres would spend up to 50% of their lesson time with the top 2% to 5% of the cohort, or the top mainstream students. Non-core subjects such as art, music,