as cannabis. The active ingredients in the ODC cannabis line contain the original active ingredient chitosan at 0.25%, as well as 0.28% colloidal nitrogen, and 0.05% calcium. In order to make hydroponic and aeroponic systems inherently more resilient to plant disease and less reliant upon chemical supplementation, NASA investigates environmental biocontrols integrated into the system's design. For example, NASA's Advanced Plant Habitat (APA) has been in operation on the ISS since 2018. The APA is equipped with more than 180 sensors which allows for the optimization of plant growth, health, and monitoring in space, while decreasing reliance upon chemical additive biocontrols. These environmental controls and sensors include lighting (intensity, spectrum, and photoperiod), temperature, CO2, relative humidity, irrigation, as well as plant-derived ethylene and volatile organic compound (VOC) scrubbing. Additionally, APA is equipped with leaf temperature sensors, root zone temperature, root zone moisture sensors, as well as oxygen concentration meters. These environmental controls typically inhibit plant diseases through two methods. The first method is to maintain environmental conditions that directly impact and inhibit diseases, fungus, and pests. For example, by monitoring and controlling environmental conditions such as temperature and humidity, the risk of botrytis infection in leaves are reduced as the environment is not conducive for disease proliferation. The second method is to provide environmental conditions that promote the plant's natural disease prevention mechanisms, whereby indirectly inhibiting the effects of plant diseases. This method has been explored through light experiments with peppers. For example, peppers grown under blue light conditions showed more resilience to powdery mildew. Aeroponics for Earth and space In 1998, Stoner received NASA funding to develop a high performance aeroponic system for use on earth and in space. Stoner demonstrated significantly increased growth rates of dry biomass in lettuce plants grown in aeroponic systems compared to other cultivation techniques. NASA subsequently utilized numerous aeroponic advancements developed by Stoner. Research was conducted to identify and develop technologies for rapid plant growth in a variety of gravitational environments. Low-gravity environments pose problems like effectively delivering water and nutrients to plants and recovering the effluents. Food production in space faces other challenges including water handling, minimization of water use, and minimization of the systems weight. Food production on planetary bodies like the Moon and Mars will also require dealing with reduced gravity environments. Because of the different fluid dynamics present at differing levels of gravity a major focus in developing plant