include prior patents, publications or the invention itself being put on display. Disclosures in a private document, such as an internal memo that is not available to the public, do not count. There is an eight-pronged test to determine whether anticipation occurs in Canada. The prior art must: give an exact prior description; give directions which will inevitably result in something within the claims; give clear and unmistakable directions; give information which for the purpose of practical utility is equal to that given by the subject patent; convey information so that a person grappling with the same problem must be able to say "that gives me what I wish"; give information to a person of ordinary knowledge so that he must at once perceive the invention; in the absence of explicit directions, teach an "inevitable result" which "can only be proved by experiments"; and satisfy all these tests in a single document without making a mosaic. The current test now requires that only 1 of the 8 tests be fulfilled in order to find anticipation. European Patent Convention Under the European Patent Convention (EPC), European patents shall be granted for inventions which, among other things, are new. The central legal provision governing the novelty under the EPC is . United States In the United States the four most common ways in which an inventor will be barred under Section 102 are: by making the invention known or allowing the public to use the invention; or having the invention published in a fixed medium (such as in a patent, patent application, or journal article); or if the invention was previously invented in the U.S. by another, who has not abandoned, suppressed, or concealed the invention, or if the invention was described in a patent application filed by another, where the application later issues as a US patent. In U.S. patent law, a claim lacks novelty, and anticipation occurs when one prior art reference or event discloses all the features of a claim and enables one of ordinary skill in the art to make and use the invention. The term "features" in this context refers to the elements of art of the claim or its limitations as explained in the all elements rule. A prior art reference must not only disclose every feature of a claim, but must also disclose the features arranged or combined in the same way as the claim.