processes that tend to develop in order to coordinate interoperability decisions. Naming of P25 technology in regions In Australia, P25 Technology was deployed to the public safety officers by the name of GRN (Government radio networks) (in NSW, South Australia, Tasmania), GWN (Government wireless networks) (in QLD). Melbourne Metropolitan Radio (MMR) and Rural Mobile Radio (RMR) (in Victorian Government Radio Networks) Project 25 Compliance Assessment Program (P25 CAP) The United States DHS's Project 25 Compliance Assessment Program (P25 CAP) aims for interoperability among different vendors by testing to P25 Standards. P25 CAP, a voluntary program, allows suppliers to publicly attest to their products' compliance. Independent, accredited labs test vendor's P25 radios for compliance to P25 Standards, derived from TIA-102 Standards and following TIA-TR8 testing procedures. Only approved products may be purchased using US federal grant dollars. Generally, non-approved products should not be trusted to be meet P25 standards for performance, conformance, and interoperability. P25 product labeling varies. "P25" and "P25 compliant" mean nothing while high standards apply for a vendor to claim a product is "P25 CAP compliant" or "P25 compliant with the Statement of Requirements (P25 SOR)" Security flaws OP25 Project—Encryption flaws in DES-OFB and ADP ciphers At the Securecomm 2011 conference in London, security researcher Steve Glass presented a paper, written by himself and co-author Matt Ames, that explained how DES-OFB and Motorola's proprietary ADP (RC4 based) ciphers were vulnerable to brute force key recovery. This research was the result of the OP25 project which uses GNU Radio and the Ettus Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP) to implement an open source P25 packet sniffer and analyzer. The OP25 project was founded by Steve Glass in early 2008 while he was performing research into wireless networks as part of his PhD thesis. The paper is available for download from the NICTA website. University of Pennsylvania research In 2011, the Wall Street Journal published an article describing research into security flaws of the system, including a user interface that makes it difficult for users to recognize when transceivers are operating in secure mode. According to the article, "(R)esearchers from the University of Pennsylvania overheard conversations that included descriptions of undercover agents and confidential informants, plans for forthcoming arrests and information on the technology used in surveillance operations." The researchers found that the messages sent over the radios are sent in segments, and blocking just a portion of these segments can