whether on-campus or through distance online programs, etc. The Honor Concept of the Brigade of Midshipmen at the United States Naval Academy allows the observer of an honor violation to confront the accused without formally reporting. It was found that it was more constructive at developing the honor of midshipmen. A non-toleration clause, on the other hand, is believed to make enemies of classmates. Additionally, it is thought that one's true honor, if other than utmost, was not able to be formally remediated when hidden from public view. Under the academies' honor codes, violators can face severe punishment, up to being forwarded for expulsion by the Secretary of the Army, Navy, or Air Force. Stringent honor codes, however, are not limited to military institutions. The all-male Hampden–Sydney College is reputed for an honor code system on a par with military systems, which extends to all student activities both on and off campus (off-campus violations can be prosecuted), and also like the military system, it considers tolerance of a violation itself a violation. Like the Naval Academy, however, those who witness a violation are encouraged to confront the violator and convince them to turn themselves in before resorting to reporting the violation. Another school with a very strict honor code is Brigham Young University. The university not only mandates honest behavior but also incorporates various aspects of Mormon religious law: drinking, smoking, drug use, premarital sex and same-sex relationships are all banned. Also, the code includes standards for dress and grooming. Men must be clean-shaven, and men and women cannot wear short shorts or other revealing clothing. American academic honor systems Many military academies have strict Honor systems, such as the following: U.S. Air Force Academy U.S. Coast Guard Academy U.S. Merchant Marine Academy U.S. Military Academy U.S. Naval Academy In addition, the following colleges with a Corps of Cadets maintain an honor code for both the cadets and civilian students: Norwich University Texas A&M University Virginia Military Institute Virginia Tech The Citadel There are also traditional liberal arts and technical universities that maintain Honor systems: Amherst College, (Massachusetts) Birmingham-Southern College, (Alabama) Brigham Young University, (Utah) Bryn Mawr College, (Pennsylvania) California Institute of Technology, (California) College of Idaho, (Idaho) College of William & Mary, (Virginia) Connecticut College, (Connecticut) Colorado College, (Colorado) Dartmouth College, (New Hampshire) Davidson College, (North Carolina) Duke University, (North Carolina) Georgia Institute of Technology, (Georgia) Gettysburg College, (Pennsylvania)