and Argentina, though there is limited evidence that it also breeds in parts of its northern range. Its breeding season spans from September at least to April. Pairs make undulating display flights. The nest is made of live and dead sticks and often is covered with lichen, and is placed above the ground. The clutch size is one or two eggs that are incubated mostly by the female. The incubation period is about one month and fledging occurs about 40 days after hatch. Males provision the female and young. Vocalization The white-throated hawk is thought to be mostly silent. It does make a "squealing 'kee-ah' during breeding season". Status The IUCN has assessed the white-throated hawk as being of Least Concern. It has a fairly large range. The trend of its estimated population of 670 to 6700 mature individuals is not known. No immediate threats have been identified. In its known breeding range it is considered uncommon to fairly common but rare and local in much of its northern range. "Preferred altitudinal range relatively less affected by human activities, especially transformation; also shows tolerance of disturbed habitat." References External links Page in Spanish from Aves de Chile, with photographs Buteo Birds of prey Birds described in 1899