multiple evanescent white dot syndrome punctate inner choroiditis serpiginous choroiditis acute zonal occult outer retinopathy Masquerade syndromes Masquerade syndromes are those conditions that include the presence of intraocular cells but are not due to immune-mediated uveitis entities. These may be divided into neoplastic and non-neoplastic conditions. Non-neoplastic: retinitis pigmentosa intraocular foreign body juvenile xanthogranuloma retinal detachment Neoplastic: retinoblastoma lymphoma malignant melanoma leukemia reticulum cell sarcoma Signs and symptoms The disease course, anatomy, and laterality can vary widely and are important to consider in diagnosis and treatment. Cases may be acute (sudden onset with < 3 month duration) and monophonic, acute and recurrent, or chronic. The signs and symptoms of uveitis may include the following; Anterior uveitis (Iritis) Pain in the eye(s) Redness of the eye(s) Blurred vision Photophobia Irregular pupil Signs of anterior uveitis include dilated ciliary vessels, presence of cells and flare in the anterior chamber, and keratic precipitates ("KP") on the posterior surface of the cornea. In severe inflammation there may be evidence of a hypopyon. Old episodes of uveitis are identified by pigment deposits on lens, KPs, and festooned pupil on dilation of pupil. Busacca nodules, inflammatory nodules located on the surface of the iris in granulomatous forms of anterior uveitis such as Fuchs heterochromic iridocyclitis (FHI). Synechia, adhesion of the iris to the cornea (anterior synechiae) or more commonly the lens (posterior synechiae) Intermediate uveitis Most common: Floaters, which are dark spots that float in the visual field Blurred vision Intermediate uveitis usually affects one eye. Less common is the presence of pain and photophobia. Posterior uveitis Inflammation in the back of the eye is commonly characterized by: Floaters Blurred vision Pathophysiology Immunologic factors Onset of uveitis can broadly be described as a failure of the ocular immune system and the disease results from inflammation and tissue destruction. Uveitis is driven by the Th17 T cell sub-population that bear T-cell receptors specific for proteins found in the eye. These are often not deleted centrally whether due to ocular antigen not being presented in the thymus (therefore not negatively selected) or a state of anergy is induced to prevent self targeting. Autoreactive T cells must normally be held in check by the suppressive environment produced by microglia and dendritic cells in the eye. These cells produce large amounts of TGF beta and other suppressive cytokines, including IL-10, to prevent damage to the eye by reducing inflammation and