are thus intellectually inferior is scientifically unfounded and based merely on the prejudice of travellers and explorers. In 1827 he became correspondent of the Royal Institute of the Netherlands, when that became the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1851 he joined as foreign member. He was elected a Foreign Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1849. Tiedemann was influenced by Jean-Baptiste Lamarck and accepted the transmutation of species. Science historian Robert J. Richards has written that Tiedemann "joined the basic notion of species evolution, of a Lamarckian flavor, with the proposition that higher animals in their embryological development recapitulated the morphological stages of those lower in the scale." Writing in 1913, Hans Gadow noted that Tiedemann in 1814 had identified a basic function of sexual selection in preventing less fit males from propagating, and fossils as showing gradual metamorphosis of species over geological time. By the 1860s, the tobacco historian Friedrich Tiedemann had reported several cancers of the tongue brought on by smoking. Family In 1807 he married Frauline von Holzing. He was later married to Charlotte Hecker. He had a daughter Elise. One of Tiedemann's sons, Gustav, was a casualty of the 1848 uprisings. His son Heinrich immigrated to Philadelphia and became a physician in Philadelphia's Germantown Hospital. Perhaps influenced by his father's work, he objected to the Darwinian contention of a continuity between humans and apes. Legacy In 2007, Brazilian geneticist Sergio Pena called Tiedemann an "anti-racist ahead of his time". Works (translated) References Attribution: External links Neurotree: Friedrich Tiedemann Details The Great Physiologist of Heidelberg – Friedrich Tiedemann by Stephen Jay Gould 1781 births 1861 deaths Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences Foreign Members of the Royal Society German physiologists 19th-century German zoologists Lamarckism Members of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences Recipients of the Pour le Mérite (civil class) Proto-evolutionary biologists