a spiral path (内劲走螺旋, nèi jìn zǒu luó xuán) The body leads the hand (以身领手, yǐ shēn lǐng shǒu) The back waist is an axis (以腰为轴, yǐ yāo wèi zhóu) Historical forms from Chen Village Historical forms refers to training methods that are described in traditional boxing manuals from Chen village or through oral recollections or through verbal histories. Chen Wangting (陳王廷; 陈王庭; 1580–1660), ninth generation Chen Village leader, was credited with the creation of seven routines. Those routines were: The First Set of Thirteen Movements with 66 Forms (头套十三式 66式) The Second Set with 27 forms (二套 27式) The Third Set with 24 forms also known as the Four Big Hammer Set (三套24式 又称大四套捶) Red Fist with 23 forms (红拳 23式) The Fifth Set with 29 forms (五套29式) The Long Fist with 108 forms (长拳 108式) The Cannon Fist with 71 forms now commonly known as the Second Form, Erlu (炮捶 俗称二路71式) Weapon forms including the broadsword, the sword, the staff and the hook (器械 刀, 枪, 棍, 钩等多种) Two man training routines (对练套路) The first five sets were a curriculum known as the five routines of taijiquan (太極拳五路). The 108-form Long Fist (Boxing) (一百零八勢長拳, Yībǎi líng bā shì zhǎngquán) and a form known as Cannon Fist (Pounding) (炮捶, Pào chuí) were considered to be a separate curriculum. Most of these forms were not commonly practiced after the time of Chen Changxing (陳長興, 1771–1853) and Chen Youben (陳有本, 1780–1858) of the 14th generation. Around that time, the curriculum was streamlined into two forms representing the two paths of curricula, the Yilu, the First Path, or Road, trained by the Thirteen Movements (十三势, Shísān shì) form, and the Erlu, the Second Path, trained by the Cannon Fist (炮捶, Pào chuí) form. In order to preserve it, Chen Xin (1849-1929) recorded the 66-movement Thirteen Postures (十三势) form as it was passed to him in his book, Chen Family Taijiquan Illustrated and Explained (陳氏太極拳圖說, Chén shì tàijí quán túshuō). Push hands as a means of training was not mentioned in the Chen historical manuals, rather it was described as a form of pair training. From a military perspective, empty-hand training was a foundation for weapons training and push hands training was a method to prevail in the bind (two weapons locked or pressed against each other). In terms of weapons, the Chen clan writings described a variety of weapons training including: spear,