to contact census-designated heads-of-family to identify the Libby dead in nearby hospitals. They also tried to contact families to identify Union dead, and well as at the occupied prison. Widows, sisters, and daughters routinely accompanied fathers, husbands, and friends on the physical and psychological journey to the wartorn Chesapeake Bay. These women produced a primary source base that offered glimpses into correspondent cultural memorywork, visual media in the political arena, print cultures, and commemorations. Both before and after the Spanish–American War, these sources countered the prevailing sentiments of postbellum Race and Reunion. Union and Confederate veterans alike commemorated the "War Between the States" and a racialized Americanism that spurred overseas American imperialism. Chattel slavery was largely absent in scholarly discussions on causes of the American Civil War. In contrast, Union widows, sisters, and daughters restrained, but also sustained, rage about the war dead transmitted within families. Likewise, women in the former Confederate States of America were formative in the religiosity and affective politics that set emotive limits on reconciliation. In popular culture The western film Virginia City (1940), stars Errol Flynn, Alan Hale Sr., and Guinn "Big Boy" Williams as officers who escape from Libby Prison after causing an explosion. In Mysterious Island (1961), Union soldiers Cyrus Harding (Michael Craig), Herbert Brown (Michael Callan) and Neb (Dan Jackson), along with Union war correspondent Gideon Spillet (Gary Merrill) and Confederate sergeant Pencroft (Percy Herbert) escape from Libby Prison via an observation balloon. In the television miniseries North and South, General George Hazard (James Read) was taken prisoner and sent to Libby Prison, then under temporary command of Captain Turner (Wayne Newton). He is rescued by his best friend, General Orry Main (Patrick Swayze), and Main's cousin, Confederate officer Charles Main (Lewis Smith). See also List of Civil War POW Prisons and Camps References Further reading Byrne, Frank L. "Libby Prison: A Study in Emotions," Journal of Southern History (1958) 24#4 pp 430–444. in JSTOR Byrne, Frank L., ed. "A General Behind Bars: Neal Dow in Libby Prison," Civil War History 1962 8(2): pp. 164–183. Chesson, Michael B. "Prison Camps and Prisoners of War," in Steven E. Woodworth, ed. The American Civil War: A Handbook of Literature and Research, Hartford, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1996, 466-78 Pickenpaugh, Roger. Captives in Blue: The Civil War Prisons of the Confederacy (2013) pp 74–90 Silkenat, David. Raising the White Flag: How Surrender Defined the American Civil