general of cavalry and senator-voivode of the new Congress Kingdom. He was also awarded the Order of the White Eagle on 9 December that year. Soon afterward he withdrew from active politics. He retired in the following year to his estates in Winna Góra in the Grand Duchy of Posen, Kingdom of Prussia, where he died on 6 June 1818, from a combination of pneumonia and gangrene. He was buried in the church in Winna Góra. Over the years, Dąbrowski wrote several military treatises, primarily about the Legions, in German, French and Polish. Remembrance Dąbrowski was often criticized by his contemporaries, and by the early Polish historiography, but his image improved with time. He has been often compared to the two other military heroes of the time of Partitions and the Legions, Tadeusz Kościuszko and Józef Poniatowski, and to the father of the Second Polish Republic, Józef Piłsudski. In particular, his mention in the Polish national anthem, also known as "Dąbrowski's Mazurek", contributed to his fame in Poland. It is not uncommon for modern works of Polish history to describe him as a "(national) hero". Dąbrowski is also remembered outside of Poland for his historical contributions. His name, in the French version "Dombrowsky", is inscribed under the Arc de Triomphe in Paris. Awards and decorations See also History of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1764–95) History of Poland (1795–1918) Notes References Bibliography External links "Mazurek Dąbrowskiego" (Dąbrowski's Mazurka), the national anthem of Poland, with lyrics written by JÓZEF RUFIN WYBICKI herbu (coat of arms) Rogala in Reggio Emilia, Cisalpine Republic, Northern Italy, between 16 and 19 July 1797; The music is an unattributed (composer unknown) mazurka. 1755 births 1818 deaths People from Wieliczka County People from Kraków Voivodeship (14th century – 1795) Clan of Dąbrowski Senators of Congress Poland Polish generals Generals of the Kościuszko Uprising Generals of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Polish commanders of the Napoleonic Wars Kościuszko insurgents People of the Polish–Russian War of 1792 Military personnel of Saxony Polish people of German descent Polish Freemasons Generals of the Polish Legions (Napoleonic period) Targowica confederates Generals of the Army of Duchy of Warsaw French Republican military leaders of the French Revolutionary Wars French commanders of the Napoleonic Wars Commanders of the Virtuti Militari Recipients of the Order of St. Vladimir Recipients of the Order of St. Anna Officiers of the Légion d'honneur Names inscribed under the Arc de Triomphe Deaths from