years ago by the hypothesized mantle plume head of the Hawaii-Emperor seamount chain, now subducted to a depth of 800 km under eastern Siberia. Postulated hotspot volcano chains Hawaiian–Emperor seamount chain (Hawaii hotspot) Louisville Ridge (Louisville hotspot) Walvis Ridge (Gough and Tristan hotspot) Kodiak–Bowie Seamount chain (Bowie hotspot) Cobb–Eickelberg Seamount chain (Cobb hotspot) New England Seamounts (New England hotspot) Anahim Volcanic Belt (Anahim hotspot) Mackenzie dike swarm (Mackenzie hotspot) Great Meteor hotspot track (New England hotspot) St. Helena Seamount Chain–Cameroon Volcanic Line (Saint Helena hotspot) Southern Mascarene Plateau–Chagos-Maldives-Laccadive Ridge (Réunion hotspot) Ninety East Ridge (Kerguelen hotspot) Tuamotu–Line Island chain (Easter hotspot) Austral–Gilbert–Marshall chain (Macdonald hotspot) Juan Fernández Ridge (Juan Fernández hotspot) Tasmantid Seamount Chain (Tasmantid hotspot) Canary Islands (Canary hotspot) Cape Verde (Cape Verde hotspot) List of volcanic regions postulated to be hotspots Eurasian Plate Eifel hotspot (8) , w= 1 az= 082° ±8° rate= 12 ±2 mm/yr Iceland hotspot (14) Eurasian Plate, w= .8 az= 075° ±10° rate= 5 ±3 mm/yr North American Plate, w= .8 az= 287° ±10° rate= 15 ±5 mm/yr Possibly related to the North Atlantic continental rifting (62 Ma), Greenland. Azores hotspot (1) Eurasian Plate, w= .5 az= 110° ±12° North American Plate, w= .3 az= 280° ±15° Jan Mayen hotspot (15) Hainan hotspot (46) , az= 000° ±15° African Plate Mount Etna (47) Hoggar hotspot (13) , w= .3 az= 046° ±12° Tibesti hotspot (40) , w= .2 az= 030° ±15° Jebel Marra/Darfur hotspot (6) , w= .5 az= 045° ±8° Afar hotspot (29, misplaced in map) , w= .2 az= 030° ±15° rate= 16 ±8 mm/yr Possibly related to the Afar Triple Junction, 30 Ma. Cameroon hotspot (17) , w= .3 az= 032° ±3° rate= 15 ±5 mm/yr Madeira hotspot (48) , w= .3 az= 055° ±15° rate= 8 ±3 mm/yr Canary hotspot (18) , w= 1 az= 094° ±8° rate= 20 ±4 mm/yr New England/Great Meteor hotspot (28) , w= .8 az= 040° ±10° Cape Verde hotspot (19) , w= .2 az= 060° ±30° Sierra Leone hotspot St. Helena hotspot (34) , w= 1 az= 078° ±5° rate= 20 ±3 mm/yr Gough hotspot (49), at 40°19' S 9°56' W. , w= .8 az= 079° ±5° rate= 18 ±3 mm/yr Tristan hotspot (42), at 37°07′ S 12°17′ W. Vema hotspot (Vema Seamount, 43), at 31°38' S 8°20' E. Related maybe to the Paraná and Etendeka traps (c. 132 Ma) through the Walvis Ridge.