Herman is a masculine given name, from an ancient Germanic name consisting of the elements harja- "army" and mann- "man". Hermine is the feminine form of Herman. It is first recorded in the 8th century, in the forms Hariman, Heriman, Hairman, Herman. It regained popularity in the English-speaking world in the 19th century, particularly in the United States amongst German Americans. Herman remains widely used in Dutch. Variant forms include German Hermann, French Armand, Italian and Iberian Armando, Italian Ermanno. Herman has also been in use as a German surname since the 16th century. The name of Arminius, the 1st-century leader of the Cherusci, became identified with the name Hermann in German historiography in the early modern period; thus, Arminius is traditionally known as Hermann der Cheruskerfürst in German. The name of Arminius is in fact from a stem ermen- "strong". Conflation of this element with the name Herman may indeed date to the medieval period, via variant forms such as Ermin, Ermen, Erman, Ermanno, feminine Ermina, Ermana, Hirmina, Hermena. Middle Ages Herman I (archbishop of Cologne) (d. 924) Herman I, Duke of Swabia (d. 949) Hermann Billung Duke of Saxony (d. 973) Herman II, Duke of Swabia (d. 1003) Herman III, Duke of Swabia (d. 1012) Herman IV, Duke of Swabia (d. 1038) Herman II (archbishop of Cologne) (d. 1056) Hermann of Reichenau (1013–1064) Herman (bishop of Salisbury), bishop of Ramsbury, Sherborne and Salisbury (d. 1078) Hermann of Salm (d. 1088) Herman the Archdeacon, hagiographer, d. 1090s Herman II, Margrave of Baden (d. 1130) Herman van Horne (d. 1156), bishop of Utrecht Herman of Carinthia (ca. 1100–ca. 1160), Benedictine scholar Herman Joseph of Cologne (1150–1243) Hermannus Alemannus, Herman the German, 13th-century translator Hermann von Münster (d. 1392), master glassmaker Hermann II, Count of Celje (1365–1435) Herman of Valaam, saint of the Russian Orthodox Church and founder of the Valaam Monastery in Karelia (date unknown, 10th to 15th centuries) Early Modern Hermann of Wied, archbishop of Cologne (1477–1552) Herman de Lynden (1547–1603), Belgian military commander in the Eighty Years' War Catharina Herman (died after 1604), Dutch war heroine Jobst Herman, Count of Lippe (1625–1678), German noble Herman Boerhaave (1668–1738), Dutch botanist Herman of Alaska (1756–1837), Russian missionary to Alaska Modern The name Herman was popular in the United States during the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, consistently ranking between 55 and 44 throughout the 1880–1914 period. Beginning with World