the feasibility of exploitation of lunar resources has been established. An expert in space law and economics summarized that the treaty would need to offer adequate provisions against any one company acquiring a monopoly position in the world minerals market, while avoiding "the socialization of the Moon." In 2020 the Artemis Accords were signed, while not mentioning the treaty, they are nevertheless challenging the treaty. At the time of the signing of the accords U.S. President Donald Trump additionally released an executive order called "Encouraging International Support for the Recovery and Use of Space Resources." The order emphasizes that "the United States does not view outer space as a 'global commons" and calls the Moon Agreement "a failed attempt at constraining free enterprise." With Australia signing and ratifying both the Moon Treaty as well as the Artemis Accords, there has been a discussion if they can be harmonized. In this light an Implementation Agreement for the Moon Treaty has been advocated for, as a way to compensate for the shortcomings of the Moon Treaty and to harmonize it with other laws, allowing it to be more widely accepted. List of parties List of signatories See also Politics of outer space Space law Outer Space Treaty Treaty on Open Skies United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea Artemis Accords Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons Rights of nature References External links International Institute of Space Law - promotes the expansion of the rule of law for the peaceful use of outer space. Treaty Text — "Agreement Governing The Activities Of States On the Moon And Other Celestial Bodies" (1979) Official Treaty Site — United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs (UNOOSA), including versions of the treaty in several languages: Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian, and Spanish. Cold War treaties Treaty Space treaties Treaties concluded in 1979 Treaties entered into force in 1984 United Nations treaties Treaty Treaties of Australia Treaties of Austria Treaties of Belgium Treaties of Chile Treaties of Kazakhstan Treaties of Kuwait Treaties of Lebanon Treaties of Mexico Treaties of Morocco Treaties of the Netherlands Treaties of Pakistan Treaties of Peru Treaties of the Philippines Treaties of Saudi Arabia Treaties of Turkey Treaties of Uruguay Treaties of Venezuela 1979 in New York City Treaties extended to the Netherlands Antilles Treaties extended to Aruba December 1979 events