checkpoint mechanisms stimulate a cell cycle halt at precise locations when DNA and perhaps other cellular constitutes are destroyed and sustain the arrested state till the signals clearly show the healing process from the injury is obtained. RFC5 and RCF2 are also engaged in DNA damage checkpoints and DNA replication checkpoints. Replication factor C is an emergency backup factor for DNA polymerases. RFC2 gene product required for a cell cycle checkpoint. RFC is a heteropentamer in budding yeast, it is encoded either by RFC1 and RFC2-5 genes. For polymerases δ and ε, RFC is a primer recognition factor. During chromosomal DNA replication, the RFC2 gene product meets the RFC1 and RFC5 specific genes, in addition to both DNA polymerases δ and ɛ. The rfc3+ gene is completely separated from fission yeast for DNA damage to regulate checkpoints. The checkpoint signal is also established by RFC3. To regulate the G2-M transition RFC proteins appear to be important in signal transmission to the checkpoint machinery. References DNA replication