seedling counts indicate that tarplants have a massive amount of weed competition, with 129-516 weed grass seedlings sprouting in each box, that overwhelmed and killed all of the poppy seedlings that sprouted. Three different soil samples were taken from Area A, plus one sample from each of Areas B, C and D. The number of weed grass seedlings that sprouted per square foot were: Area A = 129-374. Area B = 451. Area C = 464. Area D = 516. The broadleaf weed seedlings were also an important issue: Area A = 8-17. Area B = 29. Area C = 45. Area D = 33 per square foot. Study 2: Has cattle grazing over time, remove soil nutrients that tarplant seedlings need for survival? Wood boxes, one square foot each, were filled with topsoil and poppy seeds sown as a stand-in for the tarplants, and all other seedlings as they sprouted removed, leaving the poppy seedlings to grow unmolested. However, the poppy seedlings soon showed they were nutrient-starved by their lack of growth and leaf-color. Organic fertilizers and organic matter were added periodically, until the plants started to thrive. Study 3: Is there a connection between where wild tarplants grew in the past, with the percentage of Coastal Prairie cover in Area-A? Locations in Area A where wild tarplants grew over the past 25 years had been previously mapped. Sixteen linear vegetation-cover transects were run for 200 feet in slices 25 feet apart across those wild tarplant locations, and 20 x 25 foot polygons were produced from two-foot apart sampling points. Overlaying the location of wild tarplant on top of the vegetation cover survey, found that the tarplants at Arana Gulch seem to need a high quality Coastal Prairie matrix to maintain a self-sustaining population, that is approximately 80-95% native grass cover, consisting of a 60% Danthonia-30% Stipa-10% native Bromus species mix. Study 4: Tarplant seedlings planted out, what genetic diversity exists in the Arana Gulch population? Spring 2021, UCSC-greenhouse grown seedlings, sprouted from originally wild-harvested Arana Gulch seeds, were planted out in Area-A. Photographed in June, 2021, showed that there were at least twelve different forms of the tarplant seedlings—from plants with widespread branches, to round compact shapes, and each flowering at slightly different times and in different manners. Since all of the seedlings were grown from seeds originally collected from wild plants at Arana Gulch, this planting acted