as being from Bootan (Bhutan) is considered to be in error. Records from Wynaad, Anshi National Park and Dharwad have also been considered doubtful. Behaviour and ecology These birds are believed to live at very low densities in small numbers. They are shy and are best detected by their calls which have been described as musical whistling notes tee-whi-whi or see pit-pit-pit-pit. They forage within well-established territories which pairs will defend from others of their own species. Both males and females make use of roost hollows and individuals have been observed to use the same roost for more than six years. The male of a pair accompanies the female to its roost before proceeds to his own roost site. The birds move their head from side to side in a nearby bush and then fly into the roost cavity, turning around at the entrance so that they can look out and fly if threatened. The birds feed on insects and the berries of Salvadora oleoides. They may also obtain nectar from the flowers of Capparis aphylla and will sometimes visit rainwater puddles to drink. The breeding season in Rajasthan is during the monsoons, from May to August. The nest is a pad of fibre and hair (sometimes plucked from roadkill) placed inside a cavity typically on a tree. They choose natural hollows as well as cavities made by woodpeckers and coppersmith barbets. Nests have been found in old trees of Salvadora persica and Boswellia serrata. The clutch size is not known but adults with three young have been observed. The female develops a brood-patch and it is not known if the male incubates. Males have been seen carrying food to the female at nest. Both parents take part in care of the chicks. The chicks are fed mainly with non-hairy caterpillars, the parents may bring food as late as 2000 Hrs in the evening. In Gujarat it has been said to be dependent on old woodpeckers nest holes, especially those made by yellow-crowned woodpeckers, which are used both for nesting and roosting. Suggestions that the species might migrate from western to southern India have not found support and birds (including juveniles) have been seen in southern India during summer. Birds ringed in western India have been recaptured within a radius of 5 to 7 km. Breeding has not been studied in the southern population. This species is said to have