his personal bravery and the success of his command in the fighting in the marsh which actually decided the Battle of Orthez in Wellington's favour. Waterloo During the Hundred Days Rowan fought at the Battle of Waterloo in June 1815, taking part in an important charge led by Sir John Colborne against the Imperial Guard, during which he was wounded in action and 150 of his men were killed or wounded. After the War he served in the Army of Occupation of France and was put in charge of the 1st arrondissement of Paris. Canada Promoted to brevet lieutenant colonel on 21 January 1819, Rowan was posted with his regiment to New Brunswick in 1823 before being promoted to the substantive rank of major on 4 May 1826. He transferred to the 58th Regiment of Foot on 27 July 1826 and, having been promoted to the substantive rank of lieutenant colonel on 22 July 1830, he became Military and Civil Secretary to Sir John Colborne, Lieutenant Governor of Upper Canada, in 1832. He was promoted to colonel on 10 January 1837 and assisted Colborne in Colborne's new role as Acting Governor General of British North America during the rebellions by the Patriote movement in 1837. Rowan was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Bath on 19 July 1838 before returning to England in 1839. Promoted to major-general on 9 November 1846, Rowan returned to Canada as Commander-in-Chief, North America in Spring 1849. In this role he made an important conciliatory speech in response to the burning of the Parliament Buildings in Montreal by an angry mob in April 1849. Rowan was promoted to the local rank of lieutenant general on 22 June 1849. Later life Promoted to substantive rank of lieutenant-general on 20 January 1854, Rowan returned to England in 1855 and retired to a house in Gay Street, Bath. He was advanced to Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath on 5 February 1856. Rowan was also colonel of the 19th Regiment of Foot and later of the 52nd Light Infantry. He was promoted to full general on 13 August 1862 and, having been advanced to Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath on 28 March 1865, he was promoted to field marshal on 2 June 1877. He died on 26 September 1879 at No. 9 Gay Street, Bath and was buried at Lansdown