acclaim despite their being almost eight years old. Together with Erwin Piscator, he worked on the film Melody of the World (1929), though he is best remembered for Berlin: Die Sinfonie der Großstadt (Berlin: Symphony of a Metropolis, 1927). Weekend (Wochenende), commissioned in 1928 by Berlin Radio Hour, and presented on 13 June 1930, is a pioneering work of musique concrète, a montage of sound clips, recorded using film optical sound track from the Tri-Ergon process. Ruttmann recorded the streets sounds of Berlin with a camera, but without images, this was before magnetic tape. Hans Richter called it “a symphony of sound, speech-fragments, and silence woven into a poem.” A pacifist, he traveled to Moscow in 1928 and 1929. During the Nazi period he was replaced by Leni Riefenstahl as director of the documentary which eventually became Triumph of the Will (1935), supposedly because Ruttmann's editing style was considered too "Marxist" and Soviet influenced. He died in Berlin 15 July 1941 due to an embolism after leg amputation. Culture and Media Segments from Ruttmann's experimental films Lichtspiel: Opus II (1923) and Lichtspiel: Opus IV (1925) are used in the credits of the German neo-noir television series Babylon Berlin. Soundtracks to sped-up versions of Lichtspiel: Opus I and Opus IV have been proposed in 2023. Select filmography Lichtspiel: Opus I (1920)<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ruttmann |first1=Walter |title=LICHTSPIEL: OPUS I, 11'43, Colour, Drawing, 1921 |url=https://www.puntoyrayafestival.com/en/tv/films/lichtspiel_opus-i/ |website=Punto y Raya Festival |access-date=20 August 2021}}</ref> Der Sieger (1922) Das Wunder (1922) Lichtspiel: Opus II (1922) Lichtspiel: Opus III (1924, with Lore Leudesdorff) Lichtspiel: Opus IV (1925, with Lore Leudesdorff) Das wiedergefundene Paradies (1925) Der Aufstieg (1926) Spiel der Wellen (1926) Dort wo der Rhein... (1927) Berlin: Die Sinfonie der Großstadt (1927) Melody of the World (Melodie der Welt) (1929) Wochenende (1930) [an experimental film with sound only, no image] Feind im Blut (1931) In der Nacht (1931) Steel (1933) Blut und Boden - Grundlagen zum neuen Reich Altgermanische Bauernkultur (1934) Metall des Himmels (1935) Schiff in Not (1936) Mannesmann (1937) Henkel, ein deutsches Werk in seiner Arbeit (1938) Waffenkammern Deutschlands (1940) Deutsche Panzer (1940) Krebs (1941) Further reading Cowan, Michael. Walter Ruttmann and the Cinema of Multiplicity: Avant-garde-Advertising-Modernity. Amsterdam, NL: Amsterdam University Press, 2014. Dombrug, Adrianus van. Walter Ruttmann in het beginsel. Purmerend, NL: J. Muusses, 1956. Goergen, Jeanpaul. Walter Ruttmann: Eine Dokumentation. Berlin: Freunde der deutschen Kinemathek, 1989. Rogers, Holly and Jeremy Barham The Music and