the existence of two sets of personal pronouns with different syntactic values according to the nature of the sentence. Active pronouns are subject in independent clauses and object in dependent ones, while passive pronouns are subject in independent clauses and passive in dependent ones : Thus (Arabela) Cuno maaji cua masuu-nuju-quiaa na mashaca cua ratu-nu-ra. (this woman is always inviting me to drink masato where cua is object in the main clause and subject in the subordinate one. (Záparo) (you will fall) cp (I don't want to go with you) Numerals Vocabulary Loukotka (1968) lists the following basic vocabulary items for Zaparoan language varieties. Proto-language Proto-Záparoan reconstructions by de Carvalho (2013): {| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 85%" ! gloss !! Proto-Záparoan |- | ‘bee, wasp’ || *ahapaka |- | ‘stick’ || *amaka |- | ‘to kill’ || *amo |- | ‘woman's sibling’ || *ana- |- | ‘cloud, smoke’ || *anahaka |- | ‘head’ || *anaka |- | ‘pain’ || *anaw |- | ‘to come’ || *ani- |- | ‘to cut down’ || *anu- |- | ‘to talk’ || *ati- |- | ‘to eat’ || *atsa- |- | ‘tooth’ || *ika- |- | ‘to go’ || *ikwa- |- | ‘foot’ || *ino- |- | ‘benefactive’ || *-iɾa |- | ‘fat, large (for fruits)’ || *iɾisi |- | ‘house’ || *ita |- | ‘urine’ || *isa- |- | ‘negative nominalization’ || *-jaw |- | ‘number suffix’ || *-ka |- | ‘hair; feather’ || *kaha- |- | ‘1st person, excl. plural’ || *kana |- | ‘to cut (hair)’ || *kə- |- | ‘raw’ || *maha |- | ‘to cook’ || *mahi |- | ‘to sleep’ || *makə- |- | ‘guts’ || *mara |- | ‘to tie’ || *maraw- |- | ‘to escape, to flee’ || *masi- |- | ‘to do’ || *mi- |- | ‘rotten’ || *moka |- | ‘3rd person plural’ || *na- |- | ‘hill’ || *naku- |- | ‘blood’ || *nana-ka |- | ‘3rd person singular’ || *naw- |- | ‘masculine, singular’ || *-nu |- | ‘infinitive’ || *-nu |- | ‘to want/like; love’ || *pani- |- | ‘fish; stingray?’ || *sapi |- | ‘to taste (food)’ || *sani- |- | ‘lice’ || *sukana |- | ‘bad’ || *səsa |- | ‘to lick’ || *tamə- |- | ‘foreigner, stranger; to hate?’ || *tawə- |- | ‘to listen’ || *tawhi- |- | ‘feminine, singular’ || *-tu |- | ‘causative suffix’ || *-tə