woodland presence of rivers, streams, lakes or the sea birds and other wildlife wide open spaces clear open night sky with/without moon beach in a unique location open field, flora etc. with gentle to moderate wind flow Examples of stimuli having negative impacts on tranquillity Motorised transport: cars, motorcycle, trains and aircraft – and roads and railways light pollution large numbers of people pylons, power lines, masts and wind turbines noise Note: This cartographic study showed that tranquillity is not the absence of all noise, activity and buildings. Indeed, it found that many rural activities, such as farming and hiking, and natural noises such as birdsong and cows lowing, enhance people’s experience of tranquillity. See also Ataraxia Euthymia (philosophy) Hesychia Inner peace Passaddhi Upeksa Notes Original figures from The Rural Strategy 2004, DEFRA References Environmental psychology Virtue