The Bishop of Orkney was the ecclesiastical head of the Diocese of Orkney, one of thirteen medieval bishoprics of Scotland. It included both Orkney and Shetland. It was based for almost all of its history at St Magnus Cathedral, Kirkwall. The bishopric appears to have been suffragan of the Archbishop of York (with intermittent control exercised by the Archbishop of Hamburg-Bremen) until the creation of the Archbishopric of Trondheim (Niðaros) in 1152. Although Orkney itself did not unite with mainland Scotland until 1468, the Scottish kings and political community had been pushing for control of the islands for centuries. The see, however, remained under the nominal control of Trondheim until the creation of the Archbishopric of St Andrews in 1472, when it became for the first time an officially Scottish bishopric. The Bishopric's links with Rome ceased to exist after the Scottish Reformation. The bishopric continued, saving temporary abolition between 1638 and 1661, under the episcopal Church of Scotland until the Glorious Revolution of 1688. Episcopacy in the established church in Scotland was permanently abolished in 1689, but a Scottish Episcopal Church bishopric encompassing Orkney was created in 1865, as the Bishopric of Aberdeen and Orkney. In 1878, the Catholic Church in Scotland re-established the bishopric system, and Orkney came under the resurrected and reformatted Diocese of Aberdeen. Parishes in the medieval period Orkney Birsay (Mainland) Burness (Sanday) Burray Cross (Sanday) Deerness (Mainland) Eday Egilsay Evie (Mainland) Firth (Mainland) Flotta Graemsay Harray (Mainland) Holm (& Pablay) (Mainland) Hoy Lady (Sanday) Lady (Stronsay) North Ronaldsay Orphir (Mainland) Papa Westray Rendall (Mainland) Rousay Sandwick (Mainland) Shapinsay St Andrews (Mainland) St Mary's (South Ronaldsay) St Nicholas (Stronsay) St Peter's (South Ronaldsay) St Peter's (Stronsay) Stenness (Mainland) Stromness (Mainland) Walls Westray Shetland Aithsting (Mainland) Baliasta (Unst) Bressay Burra Cunningsburgh (Mainland) Delting (Mainland) Dunrossness (Mainland) Fair Isle Fetlar Foula Hillswick (Mainland) Laxavoe (Mainland) Lerwick (Mainland) Lund (Unst) Lunnasting (Mainland) Nesting (Mainland) Northmavine (Mainland) Northrew (Mainland) Norwick (Unst) Ollaberry (Mainland) Olnafirth (Mainland) Papa Stour Quarff (Mainland) Sandness (Mainland) Sandwick (Mainland) Tingwall (Mainland) Walls (Mainland) Weisdale (Mainland) Whalsay Whiteness (Mainland) Yell List of known bishops of Orkney References Dowden, John, The Bishops of Scotland, ed. J. Maitland Thomson, (Glasgow, 1912) Keith, Robert, An Historical Catalogue of the Scottish Bishops: Down to the Year 1688, (third expanded edition: Edinburgh, 1824; reprinted Piscataway, NJ, 2010) Watt, D. E. R., Fasti Ecclesiae Scotinanae Medii Aevi ad annum 1638, 2nd draft,