later sign with the Cosa Nostra label. In 1997, DJ Alpiste who is said to be the first evangelical rapper in São Paulo, made his first commercial album. Alpiste's music inspired gospel rapper Pregador Luo, founder of the gospel rap group Apocalipse 16. MV Bill, a resident of the favela Cidade de Deus (City of God), first became aware of hip hop music through the soundtrack of the 1988 US movie Colors; in 1998 he released his debut album Mandando Fechado. 2000s DJ Jamaika released the album Pá Doido Pirá in December 2000 on Warner Bros. In 2002, MV Bill released his second album Declaração de Guerra ("Declaration of War") and has since established himself as one of the most articulate and controversial hip hop artists in Brazil. The rapper Sabotage, from the South Zone in São Paulo, achieved major success with the release of his debut album Rap É Compromisso ("Rap Is Commitment") in 2002 on the Cosa Nostra label; his promising career was brought to an end after he was killed in January 2003. The second album A Procura da Batida Perfeita ("Looking for the Perfect Beat") by the rapper Marcelo D2 (former frontman of rap rock group Planet Hemp) was released in 2003; its fusion of samba and hip hop was a hit leading to an appearance on Acústico MTV where he performed acoustic versions of the tracks from the album. In 2006, GOG released the album Aviso às Gerações ("Notice to the Generations") which featured a collaboration with MC RAPadura on the song "A quem possa interessar". MC RAPadura had established his reputation in repente (improvised rap contests using Brazilian forró music) and would later achieve success with his distinctive rapping style, which consists of mixing hip hop music with forró and baião. Emicida is a rapper from São Paulo who released his first single "Triunfo" in 2008 and is one of the first Brazilian hip hop artists to establish himself by posting his music on social networks and video sites. In 2008, the female rapper Flora Matos released the track "Mundo Pequeno" which was produced by DJ Cia, and directed by Mano Brown and Ice Blue of Racionais MC's. The track was featured on the compilation mixtape O Jogo é Hoje. Politics and rap Initially Brazilian hip hop was an assertion of African-Brazilian identity and a continuation of the ethos of the 1970s Bailes Black.