of biblical chronology was rejected, and the Pyramid was seen as built "under the direction of Satan the Devil." "The Time Is At Hand" (1881–1918) Some of Barbour's eschatology was retained by Russell after they parted company. Basing his interpretations on a concept of parallel "dispensations", Russell taught that while Jesus was invisibly present on earth, he was also made its king in 1878. He believed God had rejected the "nominal Church", considered to be "Babylon the Great", in 1878. Russell taught that in 1878 Christ resurrected all the "dead in Christ" as spirit beings to be with him on earth awaiting a future glorification to heaven. The remainder of the 144,000 who would die after 1878 would each be resurrected at the time of their death. Together with Christ on earth, these invisible resurrected spirit beings were said to be engaged in directing a harvest work, running from 1874 to 1914, to gather the remainder of those with the heavenly calling. Russell later moderated his view about the significance of 1881, stating that the "door" for the gathering of the Bride of Christ "stands ajar." He wrote that the culmination of Armageddon would occur in 1914, preceded by the gathering of all the saints, both resurrected and living, to heaven. Based on measurements from the Great Pyramid of Giza, this "passing beyond the vail" or rapture was expected "before the close of A.D. 1910." Russell enumerated seven expectations for 1914 in The Time is at Hand: God's kingdom would take full control of earth "on the ruins of present institutions"; Christ would be present as earth's new ruler; The last of the "royal priesthood, the body of Christ" would be glorified with Christ; Jerusalem would no longer "be trodden down by the Gentiles"; "Israel's blindness will begin to be turned away"; The great "time of trouble" would reach its culmination of worldwide anarchy; God's Kingdom would "smite and crush the Gentile image—and fully consume the power of these kings". In 1911, Russell wrote that October 1914 would witness the "full end" of Babylon, or nominal Christianity, "utterly destroyed as a system". At first, the hopes for 1914 were stretched to "near the end of A.D. 1915." A few months before his death in October 1916, Russell wrote: "We believe that the dates have proven to be quite right. We believe that Gentile Times have ended. ... The Lord did