not put fertility at risk. Life-threatening situations may consider more invasive procedures such as endometrial ablation, uterine artery embolization, and hysterectomy. Long-term management include estrogen-containing therapy and progestin therapy. Dysmenorrhea Primary dysmenorrhea is commonly treated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as ibuprofen to reduce moderate to severe pain. Other simple analgesics such as aspirin or acetaminophen are less commonly used but may also reduce short-term pain. Supplements including thiamine and vitamin E may reduce pain in younger women. Non-pharmacological interventions such as the use of external heat are also effective at reducing pain. Regular exercises can also reduce pain. See also Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) Pelvic inflammatory disease Adenomyosis Fibroids Ovarian cysts Endometriosis References External links NIH Putting tampon in painlessly Menstrual disorders