conventional, non-moving lights. Depending on the venue and application, automated luminaires can be a versatile and economical addition to a stock of traditional lights because, with proper programming, they can swiftly alter many aspects of their optics, changing the “personality” of the light very quickly. Lighting is typically pre-programmed and played back using only simple commands, although moving heads can be controlled “live” if the operator is sufficiently experienced. Most moving heads have all or some of the following features. Each one is set to a channel number. Panning Tilt Fine Pan Fine Tilt Pan/Tilt Speed Dimmer Shutter Zoom Focus Iris Gobo 1 Select Gobo 1 Rotation (Direction & Speed) Gobo 2 Select Gobo 2 Rotation (Direction & Speed) Gobo 3 Select Gobo Animation Wheel Colour 1 Colour 2 Cyan Magenta Yellow CTO Prism (either 3,4,8, 16 facet circular or 6 facet linear) Prism Rotation (direction) Prism Rotation (speed) Effects Wheel Frost Lamp Shut off Fixture Reset Remote Patching RDM Control Moving lights are controlled in many ways. Usually the fixtures are connected to a lighting control console, which outputs a control signal. This control signal sends data to the fixture usually in one of three ways: Analogue (which has largely been phased out), DMX (which stands for "Digital Multiplex", also the industry standard control protocol), or Ethernet Control (such as ArtNet or sACN). The fixture then takes this signal and translates it into internal signals which are sent to the many stepper motors located inside. The vast majority of moving heads are controlled using the DMX protocol, usually using dedicated twisted pair, shielded cable with 5-pin XLR connectors at the ends. Each fixture is assigned a block of DMX channels in one of the venue's DMX universes (a self-contained set of cables and fixtures which can operate a maximum of 512 individual channels). The central lighting desk transmits data on these channels which the intelligent fixture interprets as value settings for each of its many variables, including color, pattern, focus, prism, pan (horizontal swing), tilt (vertical swing), rotation speed, and animation. Since moving heads did not attain prominence until DMX's predecessor, AMX, or Analog Multiplex had passed the zenith of its popularity. Very few moving heads use analogue control, due to crippling restrictions on bandwidth, data transfer speeds and potential inaccuracy. Some of the most modern intelligent fixtures use RJ-45 or Ethernet cabling for data transfer, due to the