England in 601. Their connection with stonemasonry in turn connected them to the Freemasons. One of the scholarly journals of English Freemasons is called Ars Quatuor Coronatorum, and the Stonemasons of Germany adopted them as patron saints of "Operative Masonry." The Passio sanctorum quatuor coronatorum The translation of the Four Crowned Martyrs to the church on the Caelian Hill is recorded in the Liber Pontificalis of Pope Leo IV (847–855). The main biographical source is the Latin Passio sanctorum quatuor coronatorum (Passion of the Four Crowned Martyrs), mentioned in the martyrology of Ado of Vienne (d. 875) and then in the more concise version of Usuard (d. 876/877). The latter was the most widely circulated in subsequent centuries, and contributed to the spread of the martyrs' veneration during the Middle Ages. Usuard referred to two sets of saint martyrs: the Quattuor Coronatorum and the set with Claudius, Nicostratus, Simpronianus, Castorius and Simplicius. In the 10th century, Archbishop of Naples Peter published a Passio which was historically remarkable for a similar structure and textual style, and for some differences with regard to the content. The Abbacy of Saint Mary of Grottaferrata preserved a Greek manuscript of the Passio which had some concerns with the Neapolitan document. In 1910, the philologist Hippolyte Delehaye published a commentary of the Four Crowned Martyrs' Passio in his work titled Acta Sanctorum. The Passio'' had been also studied by the mediaevalists Wilhelm Wattenbach and Giovanni Battista De Rossi. Depictions Around 1385, they were depicted by Niccolò di Pietro Gerini. Then in about 1415, Nanni di Banco fashioned a sculpture grouping the martyrs after he was commissioned by the Maestri di Pietra e Legname, the guild of stone and woodworkers, of which he was a member. These saints were the guild's patron saints. The work can be found in the Orsanmichele, in Florence. Finally, they were also depicted by Filippo Abbiati. See also List of Catholic saints Notes External links The Four Crowned Martyrs November 8, the Four Crowned Martyrs, with images of them and of Santi Quattro Coronati and the Chapel of Pope St Sylvester I Four Crowned Saints (or Four Crowned Martyrs) and relief at base of tabernacle, Orsanmichele Santi e beati: Santi Quattro Coronati Martyred groups 287 deaths 305 deaths 4th-century deaths 3rd-century Christian martyrs Groups of Roman Catholic saints Year of birth unknown Legendary Romans