The International Cosmos Prize was established in 1993, commemorating Expo '90 in Osaka, Japan. The objective of the prize was to develop the basic concept of Expo 90, "The Harmonious Coexistence between Nature and Mankind" and is awarded annually by the Commemorative Foundation for the International Garden and Greenery Exposition, Osaka, Japan, 1990 (Expo '90 Foundation). The prize, which may be awarded to an individual or team, consists of a commendation, a medallion and a monetary reward, currently 40 million yen. It is awarded during a ceremony held in each autumn, at which the individual or team delivers a commemorative lecture and takes part in a symposium held in their honor. The name of the prize, "Cosmos," refers to the Cosmos flower that bloomed during the Expo and the ancient Greek word kosmos meaning "universe in harmony." The prize was first awarded in 1993, to the then Director of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Sir Ghillean Prance. Subject matter The prize shall be awarded for outstanding research work and/or achievement which promote the philosophy, "The Harmonious Coexistence between Nature and Mankind." The Prize shall also illuminate research and/or achievements that use not only analytical and reductive methods, but also advocate a global outlook and show integrated, long-term vision. The prize recognizes achievements in the natural and social sciences, humanities and the arts. Selection procedure The Cosmos Prize Committee will form the Screening Committee of Experts which will screen candidates recommended by the designated recommenders. Based on the results of the screening, the Cosmos Prize Committee will decide the Prizewinner. Laureates Source: 1993 – Ghillean Prance 1994 – 1995 – Tatsuo Kira 1996 – George B. Schaller 1997 – Richard Dawkins 1998 – Jared M. Diamond 1999 – Wu Zhengyi 2000 – David Attenborough 2001 – Anne Whiston Spirn 2002 – Charles Darwin Research Station 2003 – Peter H. Raven 2004 – Julia Carabias Lillo 2005 – Daniel Pauly 2006 – Raman Sukumar 2007 – Georgina Mace 2008 – Phan Nguyên Hồng 2009 – Gretchen Cara Daily 2010 – Estella Leopold 2011 – The Scientific Steering Committee of the Census of Marine Life 2012 – Edward O. Wilson 2013 – Bob Paine 2014 – Philippe Descola 2015 – Johan Rockström 2016 – Kunio Iwatsuki 2017 – Jane Goodall 2018 – Augustin Berque 2019 – Stuart Pimm 2020 – Not awarded due to COVID-19 2021 – Peter Bellwood 2022 – Felicia Keesing