species. Houston: Gulf Publishing Company. Revised Edition 1990. Knowles, M. S. (1975). Self-directed learning: A guide for learners and teachers. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall/Cambridge. Knowles, M. S. (1977). The adult education movement in the United States. Malabar, FL: Krieger. Knowles, M. S. (1980). The modern practice of adult education: From pedagogy to andragogy. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall/Cambridge. Knowles, M. S., et al. (1984). Andragogy in action: Applying modern principles of adult education. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Knowles, M. S. (1986). Using learning contracts. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Knowles, M. S. (1989). The making of an adult educator: An autobiographical journey. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. See also Adult education Andragogy Humanism (philosophy of education) Instructional theory References External links Website about Knowles Smith, M. K. (2002). Malcolm Knowles, informal adult education, self-direction and andragogy, the encyclopedia of informal education Fiorini, Deborah (2003). Malcolm Knowles' Personal Vitae 1913 births 1997 deaths Harvard University alumni University of Chicago alumni Brown University faculty North Carolina State University faculty Boston University faculty People from Livingston, Montana YMCA leaders United States Navy officers United States Navy personnel of World War II New Deal in Massachusetts American Unitarian Universalists