due to mistranslation. Many historians and literature experts disagree however, and point out that the five friends are a Malay version of the five warriors of Lord Krishna from the Mahabharata. Apart from that, Hikayat Hang Tuah is highly critical of the Javanese and deals with the rivalry between the Malay Sultanate of Malacca and the Javanese Majapahit Empire. In the literary work, many of the crooks and the villains were from Majapahit or Java. The king of Majapahit is depicted as an indecisive person and Majapahit's grand vizier, Gajah Mada, as sly, cunning and unsympathetic. The text is believed dated since 1700, the manuscript was dated in 1849. Hikayat Hang Tuah was first published by the Methodist Publishing House, Singapore in 1908, edited by Sulaiman bin Muhammed Nur and William Shellabear. Hikayat Hang Tuah was listed in UNESCO's Memory of the World Programme International Register in 2001. See also Legend of Puteri Gunung Ledang Puteri Gunong Ledang, 1961 film Puteri Gunung Ledang, 2004 film Puteri Gunung Ledang (musical), musical based on the 2004 film List of Hikayat References External links Hikayat Hang Tuah pdf file from MyManuskrip (Jawi script) Another Hikayat Hang Tuah pdf file from MyManuskrip (Jawi script) History of Malaysia Malay-language literature Indonesian literature Malay folklore Memory of the World Register Works of unknown authorship