gubernatorial role in other Boer polities was played by officials styled Kaptyn ('captain', in the original sense of Headman). Civil Commissioners, magistrates In the Cape Colony, an ordinance passed in 1827 abolished the old Dutch "landdrost" and courts of heemraden, instead substituting British-type resident magistrates, who would act only in English. Most of the Cape’s magistrates were also civil commissioners, in charge of civil divisions – the Cape Peninsula was a single division (the Cape division) with three magisterial districts: Cape Town, Wynberg and Simon’s Town. In the Boer republics, each proclaimed district had a landdrost. With the annexation of the South African Republic and the Orange Free State during the Boer War, the office fell away, the landdrosts being replaced by British-style magistrates. Since 1958, "landdros" has been used as the Afrikaans term for a magistrate. Netherlands under Napoleonic rule Drenthe province, after Administrators (16 February 1795 – 8 May 1807), had two Landdrosts: 8 May 1807 – 1 January 1810 Petrus Hofstede (b. 1755 – d. 1839) 1 January 1810 – 1811 Jan Adriaan, baron van Zuylen van Nijevelt (b. 1776 – d. 1840); next it had Governors Friesland (Dutch Frisia), after several Administrators, had one Landdrost: 8 May 1807 – February 1811 Regnerus Livius van Andringa de Kempenaer (b. 1752 – d. 1813), next a Prefect (1811 – 13 December 1813 January: Gijsbert Verstolk van Soelen), then Commissarissen-generaal Gelderland, after Administrators (16 February 1795 – 8 May 1807), had Landdrosts: 8 May 1807 – 14 November 1807: Gerrit Willem Joseph, baron van Lamswerde (b. 1758 – d. 1837) 14 November 1807 – 1 January 1811 Johan Arend de Vos van Steenwijk (b. 1746 – d. 1813) 1810 – February 1811 Verstolk van Soelen; next a Prefect (February 1811 – 1 December 1813 Regnerus Livius van Andringa de Kempenaer (b. 1752 – d. 1813), afterwards Governors Groningen province, after Administrators (16 February 1795 – 8 May 1807), had one Landdrost: 8 May 1807 – 1 January 1811 Hendrik Ludolf Wichers (b. 1747 – d. 1840), next two Prefects of Ems-Occidental, then Governors North Brabant (Noord-Brabant), after Administrators (16 February 1795 – 8 May 1807) had one Landdrost, 8 May 1807 – 1810: Paul Emanuel Anthony de la Court (b. 1760 – d. 1848), next a Prefect of Bouches-du-Rhin department (9 July 1810 – 1814 Nicolas, baron Frémin de Beaumont), then Governors Holland (only 1840 divided in the present