They supported Pu Hong as their leader. In 350, when Shi Min issued an order for the slaughter of the non-Han, but particularly the Jie and the Xiongnu, and began to show intent to take over the empire, Pu Hong was one of the generals who resisted Shi Min. Later in the year, Jin created him the Duke of Guangchuan, and created Pu Jiàn the Duke of Xiangguo. However, Pu Hong did not hold on to the Jin-created titles for long, and soon declared himself the Prince of Sanqin (i.e., the prince of the Three Qins) and the Grand Chanyu, and changed his family name from Pu to Fu, in response to a prophecy. He intended to march west to occupy the Guanzhong region; however, as he was planning, he was poisoned to death by his general Ma Qiu; on his death-bed, Fu Hong ordered Fu Jian to take over the Guanzhong region. Fu Jian, as his father's heir apparent, took over his troops and put Ma to death. He discarded the titles that his father had claimed, and again claimed the Jin-created titles. Later that year, Fu Jian readied for a campaign west, but did not want to let the general Du Hong (杜洪), who occupied Guanzhong's main city Chang'an, know his intention, so he pretended to be ready to permanently settle at Fangtou. Once Du became relaxed, Fu marched west, dividing his army into two groups, one commanded by his brother Fu Xiong (苻雄) and himself, and one commanded by his nephew Fu Qing (苻菁) and Yu Zun (魚遵). Both armies advanced west quickly, and in winter 350, Chang'an fell to Fu Jian's forces. In spring 351, Fu Jian's advisor Jia Xuanshuo (賈玄碩) suggested that Fu Jian claim the title the Prince of Qin and request Jin to grant him that title. Fu Jian was displeased, because he was ready to declare independence from Jin. He soon declared himself the "Heavenly King" (Tian Wang), formally breaking from Jin (and Later Zhao) and establishing Former Qin. Reign As the ruler of Former Qin, Fu Jian appeared to be a diligent and thrifty ruler, and he abolished many of the harsh Later Zhao laws and invited able people to join his administration, but he was also violent and easily offended. For example, later in 351, he became increasingly angry that Jia had initially only suggested that he claim a princely