Mafia bosses, relatively unscathed, which drove the Mafia underground but failed to stamp it out. Judith Chubb says, "Fascism succeeded in stamping out the Mafia as a criminal organization by providing a more efficient substitute. It succeeded in monopolizing political power and the use of violence without, however, transforming the social and economic conditions in which the Mafia had flourished. It was thus no surprise that the Mafia re-emerged as soon as Fascism fell." However, politicians like Giorgio Almirante wrote on Il Borghese in the 1970s that Sicilian society was really transformed by the full destruction of the Mafia in the 1930s, but the destruction of World War II and the imposition of "antifascism", which criticised everything achieved by fascism, even against mafiosi, together with the return of the (Allies-sponsored) Mafia bosses, who had taken refuge in the United States, was responsible for the Mafia's resurgence in postwar Sicily. In popular culture Mori's campaign against the Mafia was the subject of a 1977 film, Il prefetto di ferro, directed by Pasquale Squitieri, starring Giuliano Gemma and Claudia Cardinale, with music by Ennio Morricone. In 2012 the Italian public broadcaster RAI produced the fiction "Cesare Mori - Il prefetto di ferro". Autobiography Mori, Cesare (1933), The last struggle with the Mafia, London/New York: Putnam See also Sicilian mafia during the Mussolini regime References Sources Mori, Cesare (1933) The last struggle with the Mafia, London & New York; Putnam; Mori, Cesare (1923) Tra le zagare oltre la foschia, Firenze Dickie, John (2004). Cosa Nostra. A history of the Sicilian Mafia, London: Coronet, Duggan, Christopher (1989). Fascism and the Mafia, New Haven: Yale University Press Newark, Tim (2007). Mafia Allies. The True Story of America's Secret Alliance with the Mob in World War II, Saint Paul (MN): Zenith Press (Review) Petacco Arrigo (2004). L'uomo della provvidenza: Mussolini, ascesa e caduta di un mito, Milan: Mondadori. Petacco, Arrigo (1975/2004). Il prefetto di ferro. L'uomo di Mussolini che mise in ginocchio la mafia, Milan: Mondadori Sciascia, Leonardo (1963). The Day of the Owl (originally published as: Il giorno della civetta, Turin: Einaudi, 1961) External links Sicily And The Mafia: Part Four - Mussolini Takes On the Mafia, by Mike La Sorte, AmericanMafia.com, April 2004 Hail Cesare! The Life and Times of Cesare Mori, the Scourge of the Mafia, by Mike La Sorte, AmericanMafia.com, June 2005 The last Struggle with the Mafia Mori, Cesare, London &