Phosphatidylinositol (3,4)-bisphosphate (PtdIns(3,4)P2) is a minor phospholipid component of cell membranes, yet an important second messenger. The generation of PtdIns(3,4)P2 at the plasma membrane activates a number of important cell signaling pathways. Of all the phospholipids found within the membrane, inositol phospholipids make up less than 10%. Phosphoinositide’s (PI’s) also known as phosphatidylinositol phosphates, are synthesized in the cells endoplasmic reticulum by the protein phosphatidylinositol synthase (PIS). PI’s are highly compartmentalized, their main components include a glycerol backbone, two fatty acid chains enriched with stearic acid and arachidonic acid, and an inositol ring whose phosphate groups regulation differs between organelles depending on the specific PI and PIP kinases and PIP phosphatases present in the organelle (Image 1). These kinases and phosphatases conduct phosphorylation and dephosphorylation at the inositol sugar head groups 3’, 4’, and 5’ positions, producing differing phosphoinositides, including PtdIns(3,4)P2 (Image 2).[1] PI kinases catalyze phosphate groups binding while PI phosphatases remove phosphate groups at the three positions on the PI inositol ring, giving seven different combinations of PI’s. PtdIns(3,4)P2 is dephophosphorylated by the phosphatase INPP4B on the 4 position of the inositol ring and by the TPTE (transmembrane phosphatases with tensin homology) family of phosphatases on the 3 position of the inositol ring. The PH domain in a number of proteins binds to PtdIns(3,4)P2 including the PH domain in PKB. The generation of PtdIns(3,4)P2 at the plasma membrane upon the activation of class I PI 3-kinases and SHIP phosphatases causes these proteins to translocate to the plasma membrane, thereby affecting their activity. Class I and II phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) synthesize PtdIns(3,4)P2 by phosphorylating the phosphoinositide PI4P’s 3-OH position. Phosphatases SHIP1 and SH2-containing inositol 5’-polyphosphatases (SHIP2) produce PtdIns(3,4)P2 through desphosphorylation of PtdIns(3,4,5)P3’s 5’ inositol ring position. In addition to these positive regulators at the plasma membrane (PM), 3-phosphatase tensin homolog (PTEN) acts as a negative regulator of PtdIns(3,4)P2 production by depleting PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 levels at the PM through dephosphorylation of PtdIns(3,4,5)P3’s 3’ inositol ring position, giving rise to PtdIns(4,5)P2. Inositol polyphosphate 4-phosphatase isozymes, INPP4A and INPP4B, also act as negative PtdIns(3,4)P2 regulators, though through a more direct interaction- by hydrolyzing PtdIns(3,4)P2’s 4-phosphate, producing PI3P. PtdIns(3,4)P2 has been indicated to be critical for AKT (Protein kinase B, PKB https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_kinase_B) activation within the PI3K pathway through the PI’s regulation by the SHIP1 and 2 phosphatases. Akt is recruited and subsequently activated through its PH domains interaction with PtdIns(3,4)P2 and PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 both of