|| rowspan=2|*ətə-p, *tɨ-p || rowspan=2|they || rowspan=2|*ətə-m, *tɨ-m |- | she || *ətə-t, *tɨ |} Note the similarities of the dual and plural suffixes with those of the Torricelli languages. Ross reconstructs two sets of pronouns for "proto–Upper Sepik" (actually, Abau–Iwam and Wogamusin (Tama)). These are the default set (Set I), and a set with "certain interpersonal and pragmatic functions" (table 1.27): {| class=wikitable |+Pronoun Set I |- | I || *an || we two || *nə-d || we || *nə-n |- | thou (M) || *nɨ || rowspan=2|you two || rowspan=2|*nə-p || rowspan=2|you || rowspan=2|*nə-m |- | thou (F) || (*nɨ-n) |- | he || *tə- || rowspan=2|they two || rowspan=2|(*rə-p) || rowspan=2|they || rowspan=2|*ra-m |- | she || *tɨ- |} {| class=wikitable |+Pronoun Set II |- | I || *ka || we two || *krə-d || we || *krə-m |- | thou (M) || *kɨ || rowspan=2|you two || rowspan=2|*kə-p || rowspan=2|you || rowspan=2|*kə-m |- | thou (F) || ? |- | he || *si || rowspan=2|they two || rowspan=2|*sə-p || rowspan=2|they || rowspan=2|(*sə-m) |- | she || (*sae) |} Most Sepik languages have reflexes of proto-Sepik *na ~ *an for 1sg, *no for 1pl, and *ni for 2sg. Cognates Proto-Sepik forms reconstructed by Foley (2018) that are widespread across the family: {| ! gloss !! proto-Sepik |- | ‘breast’ || *muk |- | ‘tongue’ || *ta(w)r |- | ‘tree’ || *mi |- | ‘dog’ || *wara |- | ‘louse’ || *nim |- | ‘feces’ || *ri |- | ‘go’ || *(y)i |- | ‘come’ || *ya |- | ‘1sg’ || *na ~ *an |- | ‘2sg’ || *ni |- | ‘1pl’ || *no |- | ‘dative suffix’ || *-ni |- | ‘locative suffix’ || *-kV |} Typological overview Even internally within Sepik subgroups, languages in the Sepik family can have vastly different typological profiles varying from isolating to agglutinative, with example languages listed below. {| ! group !! isolating !! agglutinative |- ! Ndu | Ambulas || Manambu |- ! Sepik Hill | Sanio-Hiowe || Alamblak |- ! Tama | Yessan-Mayo || Mehek |} In contrast, languages within the Ramu, Lower Sepik, and Yuat families all have relatively uniform typological profiles. Gender Like the isolate Taiap, but unlike the Lower Sepik-Ramu, Yuat, and Upper Yuat families, Sepik languages distinguish masculine and feminine genders, with the feminine gender being the more common default unmarked gender. Proto-Sepik gender-marking suffixes