died in August 1909. Bankruptcy and reorganizations In 1914, the main offices of Pope were moved to Westfield, Massachusetts. However, in 1915, the Pope Manufacturing Company filed for bankruptcy. In 1916 Pope was reorganized and renamed The Westfield Manufacturing Company, with catalogs stating they were the “successors to The Pope Manufacturing Company.” In 1933, Westfield Manufacturing became a subsidiary of The Torrington Company of Torrington, Connecticut. In December 1960 an independent corporation was formed and in 1961 was renamed Columbia Manufacturing Company. In 1967, Columbia Manufacturing Company merged with MTD, but ended up filing for bankruptcy in 1987. The following year saw Columbia purchased by some of the local management and reorganized as Columbia Manufacturing, Inc., and no longer part of MTD. Bicycle production continued in a limited capacity, but was negligible compared to the business of importing and selling foreign bicycles. As of the 2010s, Columbia-branded bicycles are marketed by Columbia Bicycles, a subsidiary of Ballard Pacific. Gallery See also Columbia Automobile Company Pope-Robinson Pope-Toledo Pope-Tribune Pope-Waverley References Further reading Bruce Epperson. Failed Colossus: Strategic Error at the Pope Manufacturing Company, 18781900." Technology and Culture, Vol. 41, No. 2 (Apr., 2000), pp. 300320. David A. Hounshell. From the American system to mass production, 18001932. Johns Hopkins Univ. Press, 1984 "Pope Manufacturing Company." Moses King, ed. King's handbook of New York city: an outline history and description of the American metropolis. 1892 "Bicycle-Making: Where and How Bicycles are Made." Frank Leslie's Popular Monthly v.12 no.5, November 1881. "The Progress of a great industry." Outing (Advertising Supplement), v.19, no.6, 1892 "Pope Bicycle building burned; only the walls remain of the handsome Boston headquarters of the Columbia Wheel." New York Times, March 13, 1896 External links Companies based in Hampden County, Massachusetts Companies established in 1876 Cycle manufacturers of the United States Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of the United States History of cycling in Massachusetts Manufacturing companies based in Hartford, Connecticut 1876 establishments in Massachusetts Defunct manufacturing companies based in Massachusetts Defunct manufacturing companies based in Connecticut