circles. In 2021, the nonprofit organization Philanthropy Together created a searchable global database of more than 2500 giving circles on the Grapevine online platform. A study conducted in 2005 by Angela M. Eikenberry found giving circles generally bring both long-time and new philanthropists to organized philanthropy. Research by Eikenberry and Jessica Bearman, published in 2009, and largely based on a survey of giving circle members compared to a control group, found that giving circles influence members to give more and to give more strategically. Examples In 1995, Colleen Willoughby founded the Washington Women's Foundation with a collective giving structure, and by 2007, the group grew to 460 members. The Kew Giving Circle in Kew, south west London, started meeting in January 1999. Impact100 was founded in 2001 by Wendy Steele as a giving circle composed of women who each give $1,000 and then decide together where to give the collective donation, and has since grown into chapters throughout the United States as well as outside of the US. The Funding Network is a UK-based giving circle that began in 2002 and runs Dragons' Den-style events for donors and charities. Womenade began in the Washington, D.C. area in 2000 after six women began hosting potluck parties with a $35 attendance fee that was collectively used for charitable purposes. After the group received media attention in 2002, independent Womenade groups were created in other parts of the United States. In 2003, Marsha Wallace created a similar group, Dining for Women, which by 2009, had 177 groups in the United States. Asian Americans/Pacific Islanders in Philanthropy (AAPIP) is a national philanthropic organization founded in 1990 with chapters and giving circles throughout the United States, including the Asian Women Giving Circle, founded in 2005 by Hali Lee. AAPIP has also created a national giving circle network, and a Queer Justice Fund to support AAPI LGBT organizations. LGBTQ-focused giving circles include Beyond Two Cents in the San Francisco Bay Area, Kavod in New York, and The Dinner Guys in New York City. Other examples of the giving circle model of fundraising include The American Muslim Community Foundation, which hosts giving circles with a focus on Ramadan and the Muslim principles of Zakat and Sadaqah. The Latino Giving Circle Network was created by The Latino Community Foundation to support giving circles in California, which between 2012 and 2020 gave more than $1.7 million to Latino-led nonprofit