a woman soldier in the Philippines. During World War I, Beam was arrested in December 1917 at Seal Beach as a German spy. As Jack Bee Garland Shortly after publishing the Philippine adventure, Beam abandoned newspaper writing and assumed the identity Jack Bee Garland, living as a man until death. Jack Garland was committed to social work with the American Red Cross and other charitable organizations. Garland died of peritonitis in San Francisco on September 19, 1936. The hospital discovered Garland's biological sex, provoking a series of newspaper articles. Garland had a tattoo that showed an American flag under the word Manila alongside an infantry insignia. Newspapers suggested that Garland should be buried with military honors as a veteran, and Garland's sister, Victoria Shadbourne, perpetuated the idea by suggesting that Beebe Beam had been a lieutenant in the United States Army. No record of that service existed, and Garland was denied a military burial. Trans man Lou Sullivan has written a detailed biography of Garland. References Further reading 1869 births 1936 deaths People of the Philippine–American War LGBT people from California Transgender men Writers from San Francisco American LGBT journalists Deaths from peritonitis American military nurses American transgender writers