The Mairasi languages, also known as Etna Bay are a small independent family of Papuan languages in the classifications of Malcolm Ross and Timothy Usher, that had been part of Stephen Wurm's Trans–New Guinea proposal. They are named after Etna Bay, located in the southeastern corner of West Papua province, in Indonesia. Languages The Mairasi languages are clearly related to each other. Mairasi family: Semimi, Mer, Mairasi, Northeastern Mairasi Classification Mairasi cannot be linked to other families by its pronouns. However, Voorhoeve (1975) links it to the Sumeri (Tanah Merah) language, either a language isolate or an independent branch of the Trans–New Guinea family. Pawley and Hammarström (2018) do not consider there to be sufficient evidence for the Mairasi languages to be classified as part of Trans-New Guinea, though they do note the following lexical resemblance between Mairasi, Semimi, and proto-Trans-New Guinea. Mairasi ooro and Semimi okoranda ‘leg’ < proto-Trans-New Guinea *k(a,o)nd(a,o)C ‘leg’ Phonemes Usher (2020) reconstructs the consonant inventory as follows: {| | *m || *n || || |- | *ɸ || *t || *s || *k |- | *mb || *nd || *ns || *ŋg |- | *w || *ɾ || *j || |} Vowels are *a *e *i *o *u. *ns is uncommon. Pronouns Usher (2020) reconstructs the free and possessive pronouns as: {| ! !!sg!!pl |- !1excl |rowspan=2|*omo, *o- ||*eme, *e- |- !1incl |*e-tumakia, *e- |- !2 |*neme, *ne- ||*keme, *ke- |- !3 |*nani, *na- || ? |} Basic vocabulary Some lexical reconstructions by Usher (2020) are: {| class="wikitable sortable" ! gloss !! Proto-Etna Bay |- | hair/feather || *-suɾu |- | ear || *ɸiɾa |- | eye || *mbiatu |- | nose || *-mbi |- | tooth || *-ɾasi |- | tongue || *-saɸia |- | foot/leg || *-koɾa |- | blood || *iseɾe |- | bone || *tuɾa |- | skin/bark || *(na)-kia |- | breast || *joku |- | louse || *kumai |- | dog || *ansi |- | pig || *[ɸ]embe |- | bird || *sai |- | egg || *ete |- | man/male || *koɸo |- | woman || *eɸei |- | sun || *tende |- | moon || *aŋgane |- | water || *ɸat[e] |- | fire || *iɸoɾo |- | stone || *jaɸutu |- | path || *kae |- | name || *u[w]ata |- | one || *tana-(kau) |- | two || *amoi |} Cognates Basic vocabulary of Mairasi