used to discuss significant literary works in a specific field, used by Cicero to outline five significant parts of the rhetorical composition process. Captatio benevolentiae. Any literary or oral device that seeks to secure the goodwill of the recipient or hearer, as in a letter or in a discussion. Catachresis. The inexact use of a similar word in place of the proper one to create an unlikely metaphor. For example (from Rhetorica ad Herennium), "The power of man is short" or "the long wisdom in the man". Catacosmesis. A reverse climax: an arrangement of phrases or topics in decreasing order, as with best, worse, worst. Its extreme form is anticlimax. Charisma. An attribute that allows a speaker's words to become powerful. Chiasmus. From the name of the Greek letter "", a figure of speech consisting of the contrasting of two structurally parallel syntactic phrases arranged "cross-wise", i.e., in such a way that the second is in reverse order from the first. Chreia. Chreia (from Greek χρεία = useful) is an anecdote (a deed, a saying, a situation) involving a well-known figure. Circumlocution. Use of many words where a few would do. Circa rem. Latin: The circumstances surrounding the act in one Roman topical system. Claim 1. A primary point being made to support an argument. 2. Stephen Toulmin: the resulting conclusion to an argument. Classicism. A revival in the interest of classical antiquity languages and texts. Climax. An arrangement of phrases or topics in increasing order, as with good, better, best. The opposite of catacosmesis. Colon. A colon (Greek κῶλον) is a rhetorical figure consisting of a clause that is grammatically, but not logically, complete. Colloquialism. A word or phrase that is not formal or literary, typically one used in ordinary or familiar conversation. Common topics. Arguments and approaches useful in rhetorical settings; koinoi topoi. Comparatio. Arguments by comparison. Consubstantiality. Substance commonality. Conclusio. Latin: A letter's conclusion. Conduplicatio. Latin: A doubling. The repetition of words, generally in adjacent phrases. Confirmatio. Latin: The section of a judicial speech (in Roman rhetorical theory) that offers evidence supporting the claims given during the statement of facts. Confutatio. Latin: Counterargument in Roman rhetorical theory. Constraints. Referring to "persons, events, objects, and relations that are parts of the situation because they have the power to constrain decision and action needed to modify the exigence". Originally used by Lloyd Bitzer. Contingency. In rhetoric, it relates to