that have been seized from drug dealers and converted into a police vehicle. They are used to send the message that drug dealers forfeit all their glamorous trappings when they get caught. Traditionally, these vehicles are expensive, luxury, or performance cars, though more recent examples are simply police fleet vehicles with D.A.R.E. liveries. Appearance In the United States and Canada, the livery design for each fleet is usually determined by each individual agency; only Minnesota and Ohio have legislation specifying what police vehicle liveries must look like. Usually, laws exist that establish standards for police vehicle markings, and proscribe civilian vehicles from using certain markings or paint schemes, as is the case in California. Livery designs vary by jurisdiction. The side doors, hood, or trunk of a marked police car usually bear the seal or badge of the agency, city, or county, often in reflective finish. Markings such as emergency phone numbers, department mottoes, or website URLs are also common. Some agencies have identification numbers printed on the roofs of patrol cars for tracking of aircraft, or to distinguish specialized units, such as K-9 units or supervisors. Emergency vehicle equipment, such as emergency lights, pushbars, spotlights, seat partitions, window bars, and hubcaps, vary with each department or service, and may be inconsistent depending on the cruiser's model, purpose, and time of commissioning.North American police cars are historically associated with being painted black and white—specifically, with the doors and roof painted white and the rest of the body painted black. Older police vehicles typically came from the factory painted in a single color, most often white or black. The contrasting black-and-white paint scheme was used to make police vehicles easily stand out from civilian vehicles without requiring bright paint colors, custom designs, graphics, or larger markings. The association between North American police and black-and-white color schemes is so strong that the United States Department of Homeland Security recommends, but does not require, that local law enforcement agencies adopt a black-and-white vehicle color scheme for ease of visual identification nationwide. Unlike other countries, Battenburg markings are very rare on emergency vehicles in the United States and Canada. However, this does not mean they are nonexistent in North America; some regional police services in Ontario, namely those in St. Thomas and Barrie, have adopted yellow and blue Battenburg marking designs on newer cruisers. While black and white designs are used in many jurisdictions,