thoughtfully and thoroughly as Higgs. He took special care in describing the "ratchet effect" – once a crisis has passed state power usually recedes again, but it rarely returns to its original levels; thus each emergency leaves the scope of government at least a little wider than before. Foreign policy During the 2008 presidential election, Higgs defended then-presidential candidate Ron Paul in response to Bret Stephens's article from The Wall Street Journal and made the case why "war, preparation for war, and foreign military interventions have served for the most part not to protect us, as we are constantly told, but rather to sap our economic vitality and undermine our civil and economic liberties." Bibliography Books authored The Transformation of the American Economy, 1865–1914 (1971) Competition and Coercion: Blacks in the American Economy, 1865–1914 (1977) Crisis and Leviathan: Critical Episodes in the Growth of American Government (1987) Against Leviathan: Government Power and a Free Society (2004) Resurgence of the Warfare State: The Crisis Since 9/11 (2005) Depression, War and Cold War: Studies in Political Economy (2006) Politická ekonomie strachu ("The Political Economy of Fear") (Czech language; 2006) Neither Liberty Nor Safety: Fear, Ideology, and the Growth of Government (2007) Delusions of Power: New Explorations of the State, War, and Economy (2012) Taking a Stand: Reflections on Life, Liberty, and the Economy (2015) Books edited Emergence of the Modern Political Economy (1985) Arms, Politics, and the Economy: Historical and Contemporary Perspectives (1990) Hazardous to Our Health? FDA Regulation of Health Care Products (1995) Re-Thinking Green: Alternatives to Environmental Bureaucracy with Carl P. Close (2005) The Challenge of Liberty: Classical Liberalism Today with Carl P. Close (2006) Opposing the Crusader State: Alternatives to Global Interventionism with Carl P. Close (2007) Book contributions "War Can Rarely be Justified." War. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2014, pp. 27–36. . Second Thoughts: Myths and Morals of U.S. Economic History, edited by David M. McClosky. New York: Oxford University Press, 1993. . Notes External links Biography at Independent Institute Liberty and Power Group Blog Works by Higgs at LewRockwell.com Works by Higgs at the Ludwig von Mises Institute Higgs, Robert. "The War in Iraq: 1,760 Days and Counting." Los Angeles Chronicle, February 5, 2008. Roberts, Russ. "Higgs on the Great Depression." EconTalk (December 15, 2008). Library of Economics and Liberty. Gordon, David. "The State Eviscerated." Review of Against Leviathan: Government Power and a Free Society by Robert Higgs.