eastern Peru C.f. tectricialis, Maranhão state in northeastern Brazil C.f. subflavus, eastern and southeastern Brazil from Alagoas south to Espírito Santo The cream-colored woodpecker inhabits a variety of humid forest landscapes, often near water. These include the interior and edges of rainforest, várzea, and swamp forest. It occurs less frequently in gallery forest, magroves, deciduous and open woodland, and secondary forest. It also occurs in human-altered landscapes such as cacao plantations. In elevation it is mostly found below but does range up to . Behavior Movement The cream-colored woodpecker is a year-round resident throughout its range. Feeding The cream-colored woodpecker's primary diet is ants and termites, and includes lesser but still significant amounts of fruits and seeds. It generally forages at the forest's lower to middle level but will feed in the canopy and on the ground. It sometimes feeds alone but usually feeds in pairs or small groups. It captures much of its ant and termite prey by breaking into their arboreal nests. Breeding The cream-colored woodpecker's breeding season apparently varies geographically but has not been fully defined. It nests between April and June in Colombia and maybe earlier in Venezuela; in Suriname the season includes February. Nothing else is known about its breeding biology. Vocalization The cream-colored woodpecker makes "a high-pitched laugh, 'wutchuk kee-hoo-hoo-hoo'", also described as "pueer, pueer, purr, paw". Other calls include "kiu-kiu-kiu-kiu" and "whéejah"; the latter is used in encounters with others of its species and may be repeated. Status The IUCN has assessed the cream-colored woodpecker as being of Least Concern. It has a very large range but its population size is not known and is believed to be decreasing. No immediate threats have been identified. It is thought to be generally "rather uncommon" though very common in Venezuela. It occurs in several protected areas. References External links Stamps (for Colombia) with RangeMap Cream-colored woodpecker photo gallery VIREO Photo-High Res; Article webserv.nhl.nl—Birds of Suriname cream-colored woodpecker Birds of the Amazon Basin Birds of the Guianas cream-colored woodpecker Birds of Brazil cream-colored woodpecker