and has only 178 transistors, and thus likely the lowest-complexity (or next-lowest) CPU produced so far (by transistor count). History Some of the first digital computers implemented with instruction sets were by modern definition minimal instruction set computers. Among these various computers, only ILLIAC and ORDVAC had compatible instruction sets. Manchester Baby (University of Manchester, England) made its first successful run of a stored program on June 21, 1948. Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator (EDSAC, University of Cambridge, England) was the first practical stored-program electronic computer (May 1949) Manchester Mark 1 (Victoria University of Manchester, England) Developed from the Baby (June 1949) Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Automatic Computer (CSIRAC, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research) Australia (November 1949) Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer (EDVAC, Ballistic Research Laboratory, Computing Laboratory at Aberdeen Proving Ground 1951) Ordnance Discrete Variable Automatic Computer (ORDVAC, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign) at Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland (completed November 1951) IAS machine at Princeton University (January 1952) MANIAC I at Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory (March 1952) MESM performed its first test run in Kyiv on November 6, 1950 Illinois Automatic Computer (ILLIAC) at the University of Illinois, (September 1952) Early stored-program computers The IBM SSEC had the ability to treat instructions as data, and was publicly demonstrated on January 27, 1948. This ability was claimed in a US patent issued April 28, 1953. However, it was partly electromechanical, not fully electronic. In practice, instructions were read from paper tape due to its limited memory. The Manchester Baby, by the Victoria University of Manchester, was the first fully electronic computer to run a stored program. It ran a factoring program for 52 minutes on June 21, 1948, after running a simple division program and a program to show that two numbers were relatively prime. The Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer (ENIAC) was modified to run as a primitive read-only stored-program computer (using the Function Tables for program read-only memory (ROM) and was demonstrated as such on September 16, 1948, running a program by Adele Goldstine for von Neumann. The Binary Automatic Computer (BINAC) ran some test programs in February, March, and April 1949, although was not completed until September 1949. The Manchester Mark 1 developed from the Baby project. An intermediate version of the Mark 1 was available to run programs in April 1949, but was not completed until October 1949. The Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator