Mondial is an international auxiliary language created by the Swedish school principal Helge Heimer, in the 1940s. It received favourable reviews from several academic linguists but achieved little practical success. Grammars and dictionaries were published in Swedish, French, English, Italian, and German. Orthography Mondial uses 26 letters of the ISO basic Latin alphabet, where k and w only occur in proper nouns and loan words. k, w occur only in proper nouns and loanwords q only in qu, and that only before e and i Grammar Tonic accent The tonic accent in Mondial in general falls on the penultimate syllable in words that end in a vowel or s: amico, idea, il amara, amicos, ideas, doctores. on the last syllable in nouns that end with a consonant other than s: doctor, general, american. A diphthong counts as one syllable: patria, vidua, patrias, viduas, il amaria. Exceptions to this show the placing of the tonic accent with an accent: veritá, café. Pronouns The reflexive, third person singular pronoun (himself, herself, itself) is se. The pronoun su means "her own", "his own" or "its own". Note that the third person singular possessive is the same for both masculine and neuter (sui). Votre can be used as second person singular possessive as a respectful form. Verbs Verbs conjugate as follows, using savar (to know) as an example: Infinitive: -ar (savar, to know) Present participle: -ante (savante, knowing) Past participle: -ate (savate, knew) Present: -a (yo sava, I know) Imperfect: -avi (yo savavi, I knew) Simple future: -ara (yo savara, I will know) Present conditional: -aria (yo savaria, I would know) Imperative: -a (sava!, know!) Imperative plural: -amo (savamo!, let us know!) Verbs do not conjugate by person: yo, tu, il, nu, vu, li sava (I, you, he, we, you, they know). Mondial has a single irregular verb, the verb ser (to be): Infinitive: ser (to be) Present participle: sente (being) Past participle: sete (been) Present: e (is/am/are) Imperfect: evi (was) Simple future: sera (will be) Present conditional: seria (would be) Imperative: se! (be!) Imperative plural: semo! (let us be!) The auxiliary verb har (have) is used in much the same way as English, conjugating in the same way as the above plus the past participle of the main verb: har savate (to have known) hante savate (having known) yo ha savate (I have known) yo havi savate (I had known) yo hara savate