parts of the country to Casablanca, later they found use in passenger trains. In 2003 three were re-sold to Polish private operator CTL Rail (E-1003, 1018, 1021) and modified to Polish standards. Technical data Despite of its ET designation (marking a freight locomotive) ET22 is a universal locomotive, and it is occasionally seen in passenger traffic. Its maximum continuous power is and it is the biggest single-box Co-Co locomotive in PKP service. Technical features enable this engine to pull heavy freight trains of up to 3150 t with a speed of 70 km/h. Trains of up to 2700 t can be hauled at 80 km/h. When used as passenger locomotive it can pull trains weighing up to 700 t at 125 km/h. This is caused by several features and solutions based on passenger EU07 and EU06 locomotives. Four EE-451A engines are isolated in H class with maximum temperature allowed of 180 °C. They have four main and four commutative poles. Because of its length and the wheelbase between axles ET22 locomotive performs poorly on tight curves, unlike the older ET21 locomotives, despite the fact that the designers were given the same parameters for minimum curve diameter. Using the ET22 at winding tracks can cause severe damage both to rails and locomotive bogies. This forced several modifications, which are made presently. Such changes are essential, as fewer and fewer ET21 locomotives are in service and ET41 are ineffective on highland tracks due to being overpowered (highland trains length is limited by short station tracks). The locomotives were originally painted in two shades of green, with grey roofs. In the 1980s and 1990s their ends were painted yellow for better visibility, but during further repairs an original, the more aesthetic old scheme was being restored, or only a narrow yellow stripe was retained. Nicknames Byk (bull) - because of its size Rekin (shark) - only halogen light version Accidents on 28 February 1977 the ET22-121 with a train crashed into three other waiting locomotives of its class (122, 132, 189) at Psary station (2 killed). All four locomotives were written off. 3 March 2012 the ET22 with number 1105 was involved in the Szczekociny rail crash. See also Polish locomotives designation References Pafawag locomotives Co′Co′ locomotives 3000 V DC locomotives Polish State Railways electric locomotives Standard gauge locomotives of Poland Co′Co′ electric locomotives of Europe