support would better improve patient outcomes. Focusing on hospital best practices and physician incentives like pay-for-performance in residency could help with the implementation of some of these solutions. Techniques to reduce circadian misalignment include avoiding abrupt changes in shift time, getting more sleep, which makes the sleep schedule more flexible, and the use of caffeine and ambient light of specific wavelengths. See also Libby Zion Law Stress (biology) Work–life balance Working Time Directive References Medical regulation in the United States Working time Medical education in the United States