reducing and oxidizing agents based on their standard redox potentials values. These redox principles are dictated by the electroplating principles where a metal cations are reduced by an electric current at the cathode and a metal solid is oxidized at an anode. Process Fundamental process Metallization of a substrate requires a uniform solid coating on the intended surface instead of precipitation of the metal salt requires a catalyst that is either the substrate itself or is applied to it beforehand. In fact, the reaction must be autocatalytic, so that it can continue after the substrate has been coated by the metal. The electroless deposition process is based on redox chemistry in which electrons are released from a reducing agent and a metal cation is reduced to elemental metal. Equations (1) and (2) shows the simplified ED process where a reducing agent releases electrons, and the metal cation is reduced respectively. Each component of the ED bath is complex because of the it needs a metal salt, reducing agent, stabilizers, complexing agents, pH variation, side product formation, bath lifetime, and plating rates. Stabilizers fine-tune the autocatalytic nature of the bath while controlling the heterogeneous deposition of nanoparticles. Complexing agents serve two purposes, prevention of precipitation of the metal cation, and act as buffers for bath stability. pH stability works in combination with complexing agents to prevent rapid decomposition of the ED bath. Side products of the a deposition bath can negatively affect the bath by poisoning the catalytic site, and disrupt the morphology of the metal nanoparticle. Bath lifetime and plating rates are the products of all the components of the bath depending of all the previously mentioned parameter. The ED bath has a final component which is the reducing agent. Once a reducing agent is added to the metal salt solution nanoparticles of elemental metal or metal alloys are deposited on the substrate (e.g., glass, textiles, plastics etc.). As the nanoparticles of metals are deposited on the surface of the substrate. The layers of nanoparticles acts as a catalyst for continual deposition of the metal which is defined as autocatalysis. The electroless deposition and electroplating bath actively performs cathodic and anodic reactions at the surface of the substrate. The standard electrode potential of the metal and reducing agent are important as a driving force for electron exchange. The standard potential is defined as the power of reduction of compounds. Examples