the full council. Women have also represented around a third of elected members of Montreal City Council in recent years, but have approached or exceeded 50 per cent of candidates elected to the lower-level borough (arrondissement) councils. In the 2014 municipal election in Esquimalt, British Columbia, women were elected to six of the seven seats (including the mayoralty). This council also included two women under the age of 40 at the time of their election. Viceroyalty Canada is a constitutional monarchy whose head of state, currently King Charles III, is represented in Canada by the Governor General and in the provinces by the Lieutenant Governors, who perform the ceremonial functions of the head of state in the Westminster system. The heads of state of the territories are Commissioners representing the federal government, not the Queen. All are ceremonial roles with negligible real political power. The Governor General and Lieutenant Governors are appointed by the monarch on the advice of the Prime Minister. Canada has had two female monarchs since Confederation: Queen Victoria and Queen Elizabeth II. Jeanne Sauvé was the first female Governor General of Canada, appointed in 1984. Four other women have since served as Governor General: Adrienne Clarkson, Michaëlle Jean, Julie Payette and Mary Simon. The first female Lieutenant Governor was Pauline McGibbon, appointed Lieutenant Governor of Ontario in 1974. Since then, all ten provinces have had female Lieutenant Governors, and all three territories have had female Commissioners. The first female territorial commissioner was Ione Christensen, who became Commissioner of Yukon in 1979. Helen Maksagak was both the first female Commissioner of the Northwest Territories (in 1995) and of Nunavut (in 1999). Timeline of notable events National 1895 - Maria Grant is the first woman in Canada to be elected to any office. She served six years on the Victoria School Board and was presented to the future George V as the only woman elected as a school trustee in Canada. 1902 – Margaret Haile runs as a candidate of the Canadian Socialist League in Toronto North for the Ontario provincial election, becoming the first woman ever to stand in a provincial election. 1917 – Louise McKinney and Roberta MacAdams are elected to the Legislative Assembly of Alberta. 1921 – Agnes Macphail becomes the first woman elected to the House of Commons of Canada. Mary Ellen Smith in BC becomes the first woman cabinet minister 1930 – Cairine