in classical music, where the technique is known as scordatura, and in some folk styles where it is called "cross-tuning." Numerous such tunings exist, often being named for a prominent tune played in that tuning. A good example of scordatura in classical solo violin repertoire is Paganini's First Violin Concerto in E-flat major, where the violin part is written in D-major and the violinist is supposed to tune a half tone higher to match the orchestra's key of E-flat major. Another notable example is the Danse Macabre, which requires the E string to be tuned down a semitone. See also Bowed string instrument extended technique Pitch (music) References Leopold Mozart, A Treatise on the Fundamental Principles of Violin Playing, Oxford University Press, USA; 2 edition 1985 Leopold Auer, Violin Playing As I Teach It, Dover Publications 1980 Ivan Galamian, Principles of Violin Playing and Teaching, Dover Publications 2013 Ivan Galamian and Frederick Neumann, Contemporary Violin Technique, Book 1, Galaxy Music Frederick Neumann and Ivan Galamian, Contemporary Violin Technique, Volume 2: Double and Multiple Stops in Scale and Arpeggio Exercises Simon Fischer, Basics, Peters Edition Simon Fischer, The Violin Lesson A manual for teaching and self-teaching the violin, Edition Peters 2013 Simon Fischer, Practice: 250 Step by Step Practice Methods for the Violin, Edition Peters Drew Lecher, Violin Technique: The Manual Karl Courvoisier, The Technique of Violin Playing: The Joachim Method, Dover Publications 2006 External links Violin Fingering Charts - various violin fingering charts for beginners How to Play the Violin - A series of images and videos to help beginners play the violin. Violin Fingering Pattern Chart - A violin fingering chart for sharp key signatures https://www.violinonline.com/howtoholdtheviolin.html - how to hold the violin https://www.masterclass.com/articles/violin-101-whats-the-correct-way-to-hold-a-violin-learn-how-to-hold-a-violin-in-4-steps#why-is-violin-posture-important - how to hold the violin by MasterClass Violins String performance techniques