plaintiffs to an award of exemplary damages against ministers of the state or public servants other than in strictly limited circumstances, notwithstanding its having been decisively overruled by both the High Court of Australia and the Supreme Court of Canada. Appeals from some of the various Supreme Courts within the Commonwealth to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council were abolished by Ireland in 1933, Canada in 1949, India in 1950, Guyana in 1970, Sri Lanka in 1972, Australia federally in 1968, and from Australian States in 1975. They accordingly did not exist from the High Court of Australia when Papua New Guinea was granted independence, and consideration of appeals to London from Papua New Guinea did not arise. Canadian appeals to the Privy Council were often heard by an Australian judge and vice versa; admirable cases decided in the other country are occasionally followed as are parliamentary statutes adopted even yet though seldom expressly acknowledged. Chief Justice The Chief Justice of Papua New Guinea, appointed under Papua New Guinea's Constitution by the Governor-General of Papua New Guinea on behalf of King Charles III in his capacity as King of Papua New Guinea, presides over the Supreme Court and the National Court. The independence of the Bench was tested in 1979 during the Rooney Affair (see Law of Papua New Guinea), whose outcome was the resignation of Sir William Prentice, the second (and expatriate) Chief Justice of Papua New Guinea together with three other expatriate judges. Sir Buri Kidu then became the first native-born Chief Justice (1980–1993). At the end of his ten-year term, Kidu was succeeded by Sir Arnold Amet (1993–2003). Amet was succeeded by Sir Mari Kapi, who served as Chief Justice from August 16, 2003 until his resignation in 2008 for health reasons. Kapi was succeeded the same year by Sir Salamo Injia. In 2018, Sir Gibbs Salika succeeded Injia in becoming the fifth national Chief Justice of Papua New Guinea. Judges the following judges, in order of seniority, comprise the Supreme Court of Papua New Guinea: References 1975 establishments in Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea Papua Law of Papua New Guinea