William Henry Kruskal (; October 10, 1919 – April 21, 2005) was an American mathematician and statistician. He is best known for having formulated the Kruskal–Wallis one-way analysis of variance (together with W. Allen Wallis), a widely used nonparametric statistical method. Biography Kruskal was born to a Jewish family in New York City to a successful fur wholesaler. His mother, Lillian Rose Vorhaus Kruskal Oppenheimer, became a noted promoter of origami during the early era of television. He was the oldest of five children, three of whom, including himself, became researchers in mathematics and physics; see Joseph Kruskal and Martin Kruskal. Kruskal left Antioch College to attend Harvard University, receiving bachelor's and master's degrees in mathematics in 1940 and 1941. He pursued a Ph.D. in mathematical sciences at Columbia University, graduating in 1955. During the Second World War, Kruskal served at the U.S. Naval Proving Ground in Dahlgren, Virginia. After brief stints working for his father and lecturing at Columbia, he joined the University of Chicago faculty as an instructor in statistics in 1950. In 1958 he was elected as a Fellow of the American Statistical Association. He edited the Annals of Mathematical Statistics from 1958 to 1961, served as president of the Institute of Mathematical Statistics in 1971, and of the American Statistical Association in 1982. Kruskal retired as professor emeritus in 1990. He died in Chicago. Notable works The Springer monograph cited is a reprint of the three Goodman and Kruskal Journal of the American Statistical Association cited above. There is a complete bibliography. References The University of Chicago News Office, "William Kruskal, Statistician, 1919–2005", press release, April 27, 2005. Kruskal was awarded the Samuel S. Wilks Award in 1978 Interview External links Guide to the William Kruskal Papers 1964-1973 at the University of Chicago Special Collections Research Center 1919 births 2005 deaths 20th-century American mathematicians 21st-century American mathematicians 20th-century American Jews American statisticians Harvard University alumni Columbia Graduate School of Arts and Sciences alumni University of Chicago faculty Fellows of the American Statistical Association Presidents of the American Statistical Association Presidents of the Institute of Mathematical Statistics 21st-century American Jews Mathematical statisticians