selectively exposing darker pixels longer. A third technique is used by Fujifilm in its FinePix S3 Pro DSLR: the image sensor contains additional photodiodes of lower sensitivity than the main ones; these retain detail in parts of the image too bright for the main sensor. High-dynamic-range imaging (HDR) addresses this problem by increasing the dynamic range of images by either increasing the dynamic range of the image sensor, or using exposure bracketing and post-processing the separate images to create a single image with a higher dynamic range. Storage Many camera phones and most digital cameras use memory cards with flash memory to store image data. The majority of cards for separate cameras are Secure Digital (SD) format, or the older CompactFlash (CF) format; other formats are rare. XQD card format was the last new form of card, targeted at high-definition camcorders and high-resolution digital photo cameras. Most modern digital cameras also use internal memory of limited capacity to hold pictures temporarily, regardless of whether or not the camera is equipped with a memory card. These pictures can then be transferred later to a memory card or external device. Memory cards can hold vast numbers of photos, requiring attention only when the memory card is full. For most users, this means hundreds of quality photos stored on the same memory card. Images may be transferred to other media for archival or personal use. Cards with high speed and capacity are suited to video and burst mode (capture several photographs in quick succession). Because photographers rely on the integrity of image files, it is important to take proper care of memory cards. One process is card formatting, which essentially involves scanning the cards for possible errors. Common advocacy calls for formatting cards after transferring its images onto a computer. Since all cameras only do quick formatting of cards, it is advisable to occasionally carry out a more thorough formatting using appropriate software on a computer. Comparison with film photography Advantages already in consumer level cameras The primary advantage of consumer-level digital cameras is the low recurring cost, as users need not purchase photographic film. Processing costs may be reduced or even eliminated. Digicams tend also to be easier to carry and use than comparable film cameras, and more easily adapt to modern use of pictures. Some, particularly those in smartphones, can send their pictures directly to email, web pages, or other electronic