The Totalisator Agency Board, universally shortened to TAB or T.A.B., is the name given to monopoly totalisator organisations in Australia, New Zealand and South Africa. They operate betting shops and online betting. They were originally government owned, but in Australia most have been privatised. In Victoria, for instance, the Victorian Totalisator Agency Board began operating in March 1961 as a state enterprise, and was privatised in 1994. Australia History and development Originally having been run as state government agencies, most Australian TABs have been progressively privatised, beginning with Victoria in 1994 (becoming Tabcorp), and following with New South Wales in 1998 (becoming Tab Limited) and Queensland in 1999 (becoming TAB Queensland Limited, later UniTAB Limited when it merged with the South Australian TAB). Tabcorp and Tab Limited later merged in 2004, followed by UniTAB merging with lotteries operator Tattersall's (to become Tatts Group) in 2006. TABs in Queensland, South Australia, Northern Territory and Tasmania were re-branded as UBET in 2015, as part of a rebranding of the UniTAB division of Tatts Group - replacing both the TAB brand at retail outlets, and a TattsBet brand introduced online. UBET outlets were rebranded back to "TAB" in 2019, using the then-current Tabcorp style branding, in the wake of the merger of Tatts Group with Tabcorp. The Western Australia TAB was established in 1961 and is still state run, currently through state racing regulator Racing and Wagering Western Australia. WA TAB was rebranded TABtouch in 2013. Current betting provision Although the state TABs are now all owned by Tabcorp except in Western Australia, due to legislative and other reasons three separate totalisator pools continue to exist in Australia, running mostly along historic operator lines: SuperTAB (later S-TAB) for Victoria, the Australian Capital Territory, and Western Australia (and previously Tasmania before its acquisition by Tatts Group); UTAB, for the Tabcorp-acquired markets previously owned by UBET, in Queensland, South Australia, the Northern Territory and Tasmania; and a separate New South Wales-only pool. Ironically, the presence of three pools have permitted previously fixed-odds bookmakers, competitors to the TAB, to offer products that derive their returns from various totalisator starting prices (typically as best or middle dividend of the three, depending on the bet type), which provides an alternative to SP bookmaking, which is illegal in Australia. Limited commingling with international pools (including from the New Zealand TAB; see below) does occur, although generally only with one