Parìa in Venice, he definitely moved to Paris and struggled before Masaniello (libretto by Moreau de Mommagny and A.-M. Lafortelle) became a great success and was given 136 times at Opéra-Comique. It was the pinnacle of his career, as he could not compete with the works of Rossini and Donizetti. He obtained French citizenship in 1834 and membership in the Académie des beaux-arts in 1837, and became director of the Academy of Military Music (Gymnase de musique militaire) in 1838. From 1840 to 1858, he taught the counterpoint and composition at the Conservatoire de Paris. In his history of music, Émile Vuillermoz describes how he opposed the introduction of saxophone, so his partisans were called the "Carafons", while the friends of Adolphe Sax were called the "Saxons". His last staged work was Thérèse (1838), when he was already a full-time professor. One of his last contributions to opera was the French adaptation of Rossini's Semiramide (1861), for which Rossini released him the copyright as a sign of a long friendship. On that occasion, Carafa composed a ballet for Rossini's opera. Rossini would later dedicate one of his "old-age sins" to Carafa. In his memoirs, Massenet mentions that Carafa was a member of the commission that accepted him into the Conservatoire de Paris. Carafa had no children, so he adopted his wife's nephew Michel Daubenton. Struck by paralysis in 1867, Carafa died in Paris on 26 July 1872, aged 84. He was buried together with his wife Antoinette d'Aubenton and his mother-in-law Victoire Douat at Montmartre Cemetery. Several of his operas were eclipsed by others dealing with the same subject matter: Masaniello by Auber's La muette de Portici (1828); Le Nozze di Lamermoor by Donizetti's Lucia di Lamermoor (1835); La Grande Duchesse by Offenbach's La Grande Duchesse de Gerolstein (1867). Selected operas Stanford University's list of Carafa's operas shows that he wrote 29, which were performed between 1816 and 1847. Gabriella di Vergy (1816) Berenice in Siria (1818) Elisabetta in Derbyshire ossia Il castello di Fotheringhay (Elizabeth [1st] in Derbyshire, or Fotheringay Castle), (December 1818). Based on Friedrich Schiller's play (1802) I due Figaro (1820) Jeanne d'Arc à Orléans (1821) Le solitaire (1822) Le valet de chambre (1823) Il sonnambulo (1824) La belle au bois dormant (Sleeping Beauty) (1825) Masaniello (1828) Le nozze di Lammermoor (1829) La prison d'Édimbourg (1833) References Notes Sources Complete list of operas by Carafa on opera.stanford.edu