supplied with a total of 860 shells, for 86 rounds per gun. The shells were , and were fired at a muzzle velocity of 854 meters per second (2,805 feet per second). The guns were placed in Drh LC/1909 mountings, which were very similar to the older LC/1908 gun mounts used in the preceding Helgoland-class ships. The mountings were initially capable of depression to −8 degrees and elevation to 13.5 degrees. At maximum elevation, the guns had a range of up to . The mountings were later modified to depress to −5.5 degrees and elevate to 16 degrees. This extended the maximum range of . The ships had a secondary battery of fourteen SK L/45 quick-firing guns, each mounted in casemates. The guns each had a supply of one hundred and sixty shells, for a total of 2240. Firing at a muzzle velocity of 835 m/s (2,740 ft/s), the guns could hit targets at a distance , and after modifications in 1915, the range was extended to . The ships were also equipped with eight SK L/45 guns. They were eventually rearmed with four 8.8 cm L/45 Flak guns, two of which were later removed. As was customary for capital ships of the period, the Kaiser-class ships were armed with five submerged torpedo tubes. One was mounted in the bow, while the other four were placed on the broadside, two on each flank of the ship. Armor As with all major contemporary German warships, the Kaiser-class ships were protected by Krupp cemented steel armor. The deck armor ranged in thickness, from in more critical areas of the ship, down to in less important areas. The armored belt was thick in the central citadel, and tapered down to forward and aft. Behind the armored belt, the ships had a torpedo bulkhead 4 cm (1.6 in) thick. The forward conning tower had a roof that was thick; the sides were 35 cm thick. Atop the conning tower was the smaller gunnery control tower, which had a curved face that was thick. The aft conning tower was significantly less well-armored; the sides were thick, and the roof was only thick. The main battery turrets were protected by 30 cm of armor on the sides and of armor on the roofs. The 15 cm guns had of armor plating on their mounts, and on their gun shields. Construction , the name ship of the