of 1990 until being displaced by Todd McFarlane's Spider-Man. Writer Alan Grant and artist Norm Breyfogle transferred from Detective Comics to the main Batman title with issue #455 (October 1990). Their first story arc "Identity Crisis" picked up directly from their final story arc on Detective Comics, "Rites of Passage", and culminated in Tim Drake officially becoming the new Robin in issue #457 (December 1990). The character was given a redesigned Robin costume, based upon an earlier redesign proposal by Neal Adams: Breyfogle was quoted in a 2007 interview as saying, "I know my fans often point specifically to that double page splash where his costume first appears as a big event for them as fans and I usually have to point out to them that Neal Adams was the one who designed the costume. The ‘R’ symbol and the staff were all that was really mine." Immediately afterwards, the character starred in the five-issue miniseries Robin, written by Chuck Dixon, with interior pencils by Tom Lyle and cover art by Brian Bolland. The new Batman and Robin team went on their first official mission together in the story "Debut" from issue #465 (Late July 1991), again written by Grant and penciled by Breyfogle. Grant left the main Batman title with issue #480 (Late June 1992) for his own ongoing Batman title, Batman: Shadow of the Bat, where he was again initially partnered with Breyfogle. Doug Moench returned as writer of the main Batman title with issue #481 (Early July 1992). Together with Chuck Dixon, writer of Detective Comics, Moench ws a mastermind of the Knightfall crossover story arc which saw Batman's back being broken by the super-strong villain Bane. A new character, Jean-Paul Valley, officially takes up the Batman mantle in Bruce Wayne's absence and defeats Bane in issue #500 (October 1993). Valley is driven mad with power, and Wayne forcefully reclaims the mantle of Batman after his recovery. Jean-Paul Valley was subsequently spun off into his own ongoing series, Azrael, written by Dennis O'Neil. Artist Kelley Jones began illustrating Batman with issue #515 (February 1995). Moench and Jones's work together on Batman was renowned for its surreal gothic imagery. The pair co-created the Ogre and the Ape in Batman #535 (October 1996). During Moench's tenure as writer, the Batman title was included in several more crossover stories including Contagion, Legacy and Cataclysm. The Batman titles in 1999 were