for this group of frogs. The climbing habits of many species have evolved independently. All true members of the genus have been clustered into subgenera, but many less-related species require more genetic data before they are to be officially classified elsewhere. The theory that the eleutherodactyline colonization of Central America and the Caribbean from their origins in South America occurred during the Cretaceous has fallen out of favor. The fossil record, combined with molecular clock analyses, indicate the subgenera were probably founded by small groups of individuals by flotsam dispersal during the Eocene or Oligocene epochs. Land bridges would have been limited to facilitating dispersal between West Indian islands, however, the Oligocene division of Hispaniola and Cuba resulted in further speciation. The distribution of the subgenus Syrrhopus is most likely due to a secondary dispersal to Central America from the Greater Antilles during the Miocene. The formation of the Panama Isthmus during the Pliocene has caused some intercontinental distribution among the clades, although only 20 "South American frogs" have ever made it northwards after the original colonization. Sensu stricto, however, it should exclude clades with distributions south of the Panama Canal. Fossil record Frog remains referred to Eleutherodactylus have been reported from Dominican amber. Species The following species are recognised in the genus Eleutherodactylus: Eleutherodactylus aporostegus Schwartz, 1965 Eleutherodactylus bothroboans Schwartz, 1965 Eleutherodactylus campi (Stejneger, 1915) Eleutherodactylus counouspeus Schwartz, 1964 Eleutherodactylus diplasius Schwartz, 1973 Eleutherodactylus erythroproctus Schwartz, 1960 Eleutherodactylus feichtingeri Díaz, Hedges, and Schmid, 2012 Eleutherodactylus limbensis Lynn, 1958 Eleutherodactylus melatrigonum Schwartz, 1966 Eleutherodactylus notidodes Schwartz, 1966 Eleutherodactylus olibrus Schwartz, 1958 Eleutherodactylus orarius (Dixon, 1957) Eleutherodactylus paralius Schwartz, 1976 Eleutherodactylus rucillensis Cochran, 1939 Eleutherodactylus sommeri Schwartz, 1977 Eleutherodactylus staurometopon Schwartz, 1960 Eleutherodactylus tychathrous Schwartz, 1965 West Indian (subgenus Eleutherodactylus) E. (E.) abbotti Cochran, 1923 E. (E.) amplinympha Kaiser, Green & Schmid, 1994 E. (E.) antillensis Reinhardt & Lütken, 1863 E. (E.) audanti Cochran, 1934 E. (E.) auriculatoides Noble, 1923 E. (E.) auriculatus Cope, 1862 E. (E.) barlagnei Lynch, 1965 E. (E.) bartonsmithi Schwartz, 1960 E. (E.) brittoni Schmidt, 1920 E. (E.) cochranae Grant, 1932 E. (E.) cooki Grant, 1932 E. (E.) coqui Thomas, 1966 E. (E.) eileenae Dunn, 1926 E. (E.) eneidae Rivero, 1959 E. (E.) flavescens Noble, 1923 E. (E.) fowleri Schwartz, 1973 E. (E.) glamyrus Estrada & Hedges, 1997 E. (E.) gryllus Schmidt, 1920 E. (E.) guantanamera Hedges, Estrada & Thomas, 1992 E. (E.) haitianus Barbour, 1942 E.