career as a freelance journalist and writer. His most prestigious contract was with William Shawn's The New Yorker. Between 1971 and 1992, he published more than 70 "Reflections" ("a political-literary form of your own invention," his editor, Shawn, wrote to him), on international politics and society in the magazine. Pfaff's other long-standing contract was for a twice-weekly opinion column for the International Herald Tribune; it continued in one form or another until his death. In 1989, Pfaff brought together a modified collection of several of his New Yorker pieces, "The Barbarian Sentiments." Although it was mostly written and edited in 1988, the political events of 1989 culminating in the fall of the Berlin Wall seemed to vindicate Pfaff's views on foreign policy. He was honored by being a finalist for the 1989 National Book Award, and in the years that followed, he became a much sought-after lecturer throughout the world. In 1993, he published The Wrath of Nations: Civilization and the Furies of Nationalism, a study of nationalism. Before the Iraq War in 2003, Pfaff wrote several columns questioning the war. Many of the columns were collected in the 2004 collection, Fear, Anger and Failure: A Chonicle of the Bush Administration's War Against Terror, from the Attacks of September 11, 2001 to Defeat in Baghdad, published by Algora. About the same time, Pfaff published a book about the appeal of revolutionary violence in the 20th century, The Bullet's Song. In 2010, Pfaff published his last book, The Irony of Manifest Destiny. His magazine articles have appeared in The New York Review of Books, Harper's, Foreign Affairs, World Policy Journal, The National Interest, and other publications in the United States, and elsewhere in Commentaire (Paris), Neue Zürcher Zeitung and DU magazine (both Zurich), Politica Exterior (Madrid), Europäische Rundschau (Vienna), Blätter für deutsche und internationale Politik (Berlin), and other journals. The American historian Arthur Schlesinger, Jr. has called him "Walter Lippmann's authentic heir." He died of a heart attack after a fall in 2015. He is buried in Paris, in Père Lachaise cemetery (Division 87th, Box 16427) BooksThe New Politics: America and the End of the Postwar World with Ed Stillman (1961)The Politics of Hysteria: The Sources of Twentieth-Century Conflict with Ed Stillman (1964)Power and Impotence: The Failure of America's Foreign Policy with Ed Stillman (1966)Condemned to Freedom (1971)Barbarian Sentiments: America in the New Century (2000) (a revision of Barbarian Sentiments: How