which published titles such as An Asian Minor and Bom-Crioulo - the black man and the cabin boy, as well as O'Carroll's Paedophilia: A Radical Case and Panthologies - stories about boy-love. The PIE advert appeared for the final time in the 1984 (14th edition), though the Coltsfoot Press advert remained in both the 1984 and 1985 (15th edition) Guides. By the mid-1980s Stamford and Spartacus were in severe difficulties. The Dutch tax office had raided Stamford's Baarn home in 1986 over alleged tax violations; as a result no Spartacus guide was released in 1986, and later that year the business was sold to the Berlin-based gay publisher Bruno Gmünder Verlag. Meanwhile concern about the guide's use by paedophiles had been growing for some years; as early as 1981 the children's rights charity Terre des hommes had raised this issue. Spartacus had also been mentioned in connection with global paedophilia in a 1984 US Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations into Child Pornography and Paedophilia. In 1986 journalists with Britain's Sunday Times had travelled to the Philippines using one of the Spartacus Paedophile Vacations Holiday Help Portfolios, finding there a well-organised child prostitution ring. Bruno Gmünder Verlag (1986–2017) Bruno Gmünder began re-publishing the Spartacus International Gay Guide from 1987 (16th edition) onward. However it appears that Stamford remained involved with the magazine, with the Guide being edited by 'Bruno Gmünder & John D. Stamford' and containing an introductory letter from Stamford up until the 1993/94 (22nd edition) Guide. The pro-paedophilia content was significantly reduced though not eliminated altogether; for example, the advert for Spartacus' Paedophile Vacations Holiday Help Portfolios remained in the guide up until the 1989 (18th) edition, and the 1992/93 (21st edition) warns that in the Philippines "paedophiles however are not tolerated, and are well advised to stay away from the Philippines if they are planning an over-indulgent vacation surrounded by smooth, Philippines boys." Furthermore, a listing for a Copenhagen-based 'Paedophile Group' remained in the Guide right up until the 1994/95 (23rd) edition. Stamford's name was dropped from the Guide as of the 1994/95 (23rd) edition, against a background of greater police action against paedophiles in the Netherlands and Belgium, prompting editor Helmut Ladwig in his opening preface to explicitly condemn paedophilia and any suggestion that Spartacus supported such activities ("Spartacus International Gay Guide has become the target of violent attacks in various media, particularly because of the business relations