Clarence James Gamble, (January 10, 1894 – July 15, 1966) was an American medical doctor and the heir of the Procter and Gamble soap company fortune. He was an advocate of birth control and eugenics, and founded Pathfinder International. Biography In 1929 Gamble gave $5,000 to open a maternal health clinic in Cincinnati, Ohio. In January 1914, on his twenty-first birthday, he received his first million dollars. As the grandson of James Gamble, co-founder of Procter & Gamble, he was an heir to family money, which came with a stipulation that at least 10 percent was to be devoted to charitable giving. He later increased this to 30 percent. After graduating from Princeton University in 1914 and Harvard Medical School in 1920, Gamble began his residency at Massachusetts General Hospital. In 1923 he secured an apprenticeship with Alfred Newton Richards, director of the Department of Pharmacology at the University of Pennsylvania, but did not work with Richards as his plans were interrupted by the death of his father, David Berry Gamble. On June 21, 1924, Gamble married Sarah Merry Bradley. In October 1925 he introduced himself to Dr. Robert Latou Dickinson, who in 1923 had established the National Committee on Maternal Health. In January 1929 Gamble's mother, Mary, died. He wanted to create a memorial for his mother in Cincinnati. Her gynecologist, Elizabeth Campbell, told him that his mother had wanted a maternal health clinic in Cincinnati. Gamble became a member of Dickinson's Committee on Maternal Health and through it made his first “pathfinder” grant. With that $5,000, Campbell opened the Cincinnati Maternal Health Clinic in November 1929 and began dispensing information on birth control to Cincinnati women. At that time, few other birth control clinics existed, other than one in Cleveland, one in Chicago, and Margaret Sanger's Clinical Research Bureau in New York City. At about this time a college friend from Princeton, Stuart Mudd, became professor of microbiology at the University of Pennsylvania. Mudd and his wife, Emily formed the Southeastern Pennsylvania Birth Control League, and opened a birth control clinic in Philadelphia. In the early decades of the twentieth century, the diaphragm was used with spermicidal jelly, and the League needed to determine which contraceptive jellies, among the many advertised, were effective. Gamble did some research in a lab at the University of Pennsylvania, and soon he and Sarah were actively supporting the League and the clinic