man "who was genuinely loyal to the throne". To Whigham, the duke was "destined to occupy a lofty spot in Brazil's national mythology. He often had to act as a statesman as much as military man" and was "[s]hrewdly competent in both roles". Hélio Viana regarded Caxias as "the greatest soldier of Brazil", a view shared by Eugênio Vilhena de Morais, Pedro Calmon, Otávio Tarquínio de Sousa, Antônio da Rocha Almeida and Gustavo Barroso. Titles and honors Titles of nobility Baron of Caxias (without Greatness) on 18 July 1841. Count of Caxias on 25 March 1845. Marquis of Caxias on 26 June 1852. Duke of Caxias on 23 March 1869. Other titles Member of the Brazilian Council of State. Member of the Brazilian Historic and Geographic Institute. Member of the Supreme Military and Justice Council. Emperor's aide-de-camp. Emperor's Veador (gentleman usher). Honors Grand Cross of the Brazilian Order of the Southern Cross. Grand Cross of the Brazilian Order of the Rose. Grand Cross of the Brazilian Order of Pedro I. Grand Cross of the Brazilian Order of Saint Benedict of Aviz. Grand Cross of the Portuguese Order of the Immaculate Conception of Vila Viçosa. Military honors Medal (oval) of the Independence War (Bahia). Medal of the army in the Oriental State of Uruguay in 1852. Commemorative medal of the surrender of the division of the army of Paraguay that occupied the village of Uruguaiana. Medal (oval) of bravery "to the bravest ones" (1867). Medal awarded to the army, armada and to civil servants in operations in the Paraguayan War (1870). See also List of generals of the Empire of Brazil Endnotes References Bibliography External links |- |- |- |- |- |- |- |- |- Government ministers of Brazil Members of the Senate of the Empire of Brazil 1803 births 1880 deaths Brazilian Freemasons Brazilian monarchists Brazilian nobility Burials in Brazil Prime Ministers of Brazil Conservative Party (Brazil) politicians Marshals of Brazil Brazilian military personnel of the Paraguayan War Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro 19th-century Brazilian people 19th-century Brazilian politicians Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Immaculate Conception of Vila Viçosa