Tulsa is the second-largest city in the state of Oklahoma and 45th-most populous city in the United States. Tulsa was settled between 1828 and 1836 by the Lochapoka Band of Creek Native American tribe. For most of the 20th century, the city held the nickname "Oil Capital of the World" and played a major role as one of the most important hubs for the American oil industry. Indian Territory: 1830–1882 What was to ultimately become Tulsa was part of Indian Territory, which was created as part of the relocation of the Five Civilized Tribes—the Choctaw, Cherokee, Muscogee (Creek), Chickasaw, and Seminole peoples. These Native American tribes moved into the region after the passage of the Indian Removal Act of 1830, when they were forced to surrender their lands east of the Mississippi River to the federal government in exchange for the promise of land and independence in Indian Territory. Each of the larger tribes received reservation land holdings, individual governments were formed, and tribal citizens worked to rebuild their institutions, often as farmers, trappers, and ranchers. The majority of the American Indians (including the numerous Muscogee and Cherokee settlers) were removed from the Southern states. During the Civil War, some citizens favored the Confederacy for financial, social and political reasons. Most of modern Tulsa is located in the Muscogee Nation, with parts located in the Cherokee Nation and Osage Nation. Settlement by Muscogee Creeks The city now known as Tulsa was first settled by the Lochapoka (Turtle Clan) Muscogee(Creek) between 1828 and 1836. Driven from their native Alabama, and led by their chief, Achee Yahola, the Lochapokas established a new home at a site near present-day Cheyenne Avenue and 18th Street. Under a large Quercus macrocarpa (burr oak) tree, now called the Creek Council Oak Tree, they rekindled their ceremonial fire. The Lochapoka named their new settlement "Tulasi," meaning "old town" in their native language. Not coincidentally, 'tulasi' is the same word from which Tallahassee, Florida takes its name. Florida is part of the original home of the Muscogee people. The Lochapoka continued to use the site as late as 1896 for ceremonies, feasts and games. The area surrounding the tree was named the "Creek Nation Council Oak Park" in 1929. An 1832 visit to the area by the famous American writer Washington Irving is described in his book A Tour on the Prairies (1835). Irving accompanied a U.S. Army