Rokkan (1970) added two points to these ideas. Critical junctures could set countries on divergent or convergent paths. Critical junctures could be "sequential," such that a new critical junctures does not totally erase the legacies of a previous critical juncture but rather modifies that previous legacy. "The Structuring of Mass Politics in the Smaller European Democracies" In this 1968 article, Rokkan elabores the idea that a process of democratization has to overcome four institutional thresholds: The "threshold of legitimation," based on the "effective recognition of the right of petition, criticism, and demonstration against the regime." The "threshold of incorporation," which revolved around the extension of "formal rights of participation" to opposition groups and their supporters. The "threshold of representation," which involves the lowering of barriers so as "to make it easier" for "new movements" "to gain seats in the legislature." The "threshold of executive power," which involves the "institutionalization of cabinet responsibility to legislative majorities." Conceptual Maps of Europe During the 1970s, Rokkan worked on the development of conceptual maps of Europe. These maps were presented in several chapters. These conceptual maps summarized the principles of geopolitical differentiation within Europe. Tilly remarks that these conceptual maps "cast new light on an old paradox: the fact that capitalism and national states grew up together, and presumably depended on each other in some way, yet capitalists and centers of capital accumulation often offered concerted resistance to the extension of state power." Influence Rokkan has been described as "one of the world's leading social scientists since World War II", "one of the great masters of comparative politics,", and "a leading international scholar during the second phase of the post-war social science with its foci on macro studies and international comparisons." Rokkan has also been described as "one of the world's foremost researchers on elections" and "Norway's most influential social scientist of all times." He influenced thinking about cleavage, comparative history, party systems and Catalan nationalism, among other topics. He helped launch a research tradition on critical junctures. Rokkan was the creator of a series of models for state and nation formations in Europe. Rokkan, along with T. H. Marshall, is credited with the establishment of "what has become the standard narrative of the evolution of modern democratic citizenship." He is also known as a pioneer of using computer technology in the social sciences. Legacy The Stein Rokkan Prize for Comparative Social Science Research