when he likened the muckrakers to the Man with the Muckrake, a character in John Bunyan's Pilgrim's Progress (1678). Roosevelt disliked their relentless negativism and he attacked them for stretching the truth: There are, in the body politic, economic and social, many and grave evils, and there is urgent necessity for the sternest war upon them. There should be relentless exposure of and attack upon every evil man whether politician or business man, every evil practice, whether in politics, in business, or in social life. I hail as a benefactor every writer or speaker, every man who, on the platform, or in book, magazine, or newspaper, with merciless severity makes such attack, provided always that he in his turn remembers that the attack is of use only if it is absolutely truthful. Early muckrakers Nellie Bly (1864–1922) Ten Days in a Mad-House Thomas W. Lawson (1857–1924) Frenzied Finance (1906) on Amalgamated Copper stock scandal Fremont Older (1856–1935) San Francisco corruption and the case of Tom Mooney Lincoln Steffens (1866–1936) The Shame of the Cities (1904) Charles Edward Russell (1860–1941)—investigated Beef Trust, Georgia's prison Ida Minerva Tarbell (1857–1944) expose, The History of the Standard Oil Company Burton J. Hendrick (1870–1949)—"The Story of Life Insurance" May–November 1906 McClure's magazine Westbrook Pegler (1894–1969)—exposed crime in labor unions in the 1940s I.F. Stone (1907–1989)—McCarthyism and Vietnam War, published newsletter, I.F. Stone's Weekly George Seldes (1890–1995)—Freedom of the Press (1935) and Lords of the Press (1938), blacklisted during the 1950s period of McCarthyism Contemporary muckrakers Wayne Barrett—investigative journalist, senior editor of the Village Voice; wrote on mystique and misdeeds in Rudy Giuliani's conduct as mayor of New York City, Grand Illusion: The Untold Story of Rudy Giuliani and 9/11 (2006) Richard Behar—investigative journalist, two-time winner of the 'Jack Anderson Award'. Anderson himself once praised Behar as "one of the most dogged of our watchdogs" Juan Gonzalez (journalist)—investigative reporter, columnist in New York Daily News; authored book on Rudy Giuliani and George W. Bush administration's handling of the aftermath of the September 11, 2001 attacks in New York City and illnesses from Ground Zero dust: Fallout: The Environmental Consequences of the World Trade Center Collapse (2004) John Howard Griffin (1920–1980)—white journalist who disguised himself as a black man to write about racial injustice in the south Seymour Hersh—My Lai massacre, Israeli nuclear weapons program, Henry Kissinger, the Kennedys, 2003 invasion of Iraq, Abu Ghraib abuses Malcolm