effective sanctioning, to involuntary commitment and treatment. Foucha v. Louisiana established the unconstitutionality of the continued commitment of an insanity acquittee who was not suffering from a mental illness. In Jackson v. Indiana the court ruled that a person adjudicated incompetent could not be indefinitely committed. In Perry v. Louisiana the court struck down the forcible medication of a prisoner for the purposes of rendering him competent to be executed. In Riggins v. Nevada the court ruled that a defendant had the right to refuse psychiatric medication while he was on trial, given to mitigate his psychiatric symptoms. Sell v. United States imposed stringent limits on the right of a lower court to order the forcible administration of antipsychotic medication to a criminal defendant who had been determined to be incompetent to stand trial for the sole purpose of making them competent and able to be tried. In Washington v. Harper the Supreme Court upheld the involuntary medication of correctional facility inmates only under certain conditions as determined by established policy and procedures. Europe See also Related concepts Coerced abstinence Political abuse of psychiatry (also known as "political psychiatry" and as "punitive psychiatry") Social control Specific jurisdictions' provisions for a temporary detention order for the purpose of mental-health evaluation and possible further voluntary or involuntary commitment: United States: California: 5150 (involuntary psychiatric hold) and Laura's Law (providing for court-ordered outpatient treatment) Lanterman–Petris–Short Act, codifying the conditions for and of involuntary commitment in California Florida: Baker Act and Marchman Act Notable activists Giorgio Antonucci (elimination) Thomas Szasz (elimination) Robert Whitaker (reduction) E. Fuller Torrey (expansion) DJ Jaffe (expansion) Advocacy organizations Mental Health America (reduction/modification) Mad in America (reduction/elimination) PsychRights (reduction/elimination) Anti-psychiatry, also known as the "anti-psychiatric movement" (reduction/elimination) Citizens Commission on Human Rights (reduction/elimination; founded as a joint effort of the anti-psychiatric Church of Scientology and libertarian mental-health-rights advocate Thomas Szasz) MindFreedom International (reduction/elimination) Treatment Advocacy Center (expansion) Mental Illness Policy (expansion) NAMI (expansion) Notes References External links National Mental Health Consumers' Self-Help Clearinghouse Anti-psychiatry Human rights abuses Ethics in psychiatry Mental health law Ethically disputed medical practices