in the advanced phase of their specialty training; assessments are typically a requirement to become eligible to complete training and attain fellowship Fellow; typically refers to trainees who have successfully completed specialty training and eligible for specialty fellowship but are not yet formally employed as specialists time spent as a Fellow is either a mandatory or optional requirement by some specialties in order to further develop sub-specialty skillsets and/or ensure and further prepare newly qualified specialists Registrars are comparable to Residents in the United States medical system; that is, at this stage of their medical career, both are undergoing specialty training. As aforementioned, Residents in the Australian medical system are doctors who have completed internship and undergoing additional years of general clinical rotations to gain further experience, prior to enrolling into a specialty training program. In the United States, choice of specialty is decided upon commencing Internship, such that clinical rotations and specialty training requirements are streamlined early on and flows straight on to Residency. There is no requirement in the United States for junior doctors to complete "pre-vocational/pre-specialist" training or experience general clinical rotations prior to specialty training enrolment; which is in contrast to Australian and other Commonwealth medical systems that choose to keep this traditional format in view that it ensures junior doctors receive holistic training and generalist exposure in various specialties of medicine before choosing a specialty to pursue. Unaccredited Registrars "Unaccredited" registrars are doctors who are fulfilling the higher duties and role of a specialist registrar at a hospital, but do not receive accreditation for their time spent working in the role or the protected training benefits of an accredited training position. They typically come from the cadre of senior residents with adequately more experience and aspirations to pursue that specific specialty as a career, but have yet to meet the pre-requisites to formally enrol into the specialist training program and become an accredited specialist trainee; where typically time spent working and training as an unaccredited registrar does not usually count towards formal specialty training time. Unaccredited registrars help fulfil shortages in hospital services where otherwise an accredited registrar is unable to be recruited; thus, they are sometimes also known as "service" registrars. Doctors who choose to take up the role of an unaccredited registrar are typically those: needing to meet the pre-requisites to gain sufficient exposure and experience in that certain specialty at a more