an apology. There have been a number of cases in which gay women have been the victims of murder, beating or rape. This has been posited, in part, to be because of the perceived threat they pose to traditional male authority. South Africa has no specific hate crime legislation; human rights organisations have criticised the South African police for failing to address the matter of bias-motivated crimes. For example, the NGO ActionAid has condemned the continued impunity and accused governments of turning a blind eye to reported murders of lesbians in homophobic attacks in South Africa; as well as to so-called corrective rapes, including cases among pupils, in which cases the male rapists purport to raping the lesbian victim with the intent of thereby "curing" her of her sexual orientation. In May 2011, Professor Juan Nel told Amnesty International that according to studies of three of the nine provinces of South Africa, gay men are victims of homophobic sexual assault as frequently as gay women are, and suggested that under-reporting by male victims and the media has created the perception that they are at less risk of the crime. As with female victims, gender non-conforming gay men are thought to be at the highest risk of violence, and activists have accused the police of negligent handling of incidents, including a series of nine allegedly related murders of gay men between 2010 and 2013. Despite the occasional incidents of homophobia, gay people in major urban areas, such as Johannesburg, Pretoria, Durban and Cape Town, are fairly accepted, and all of these cities have a thriving gay nightlife. Cultural, arts, sports and outdoor activities play a major part in everyday South African gay life. Annual Gay Pride events are held in Cape Town, Johannesburg, Durban, Pretoria and Soweto. Smaller cities such as Bloemfontein, Polokwane, Port Elizabeth, Mbombela, East London, Pietermaritzburg and Knysna, too, host LGBT-related events, clubs and bars. Knysna hosts the yearly Pink Loerie Mardi Gras, which attracts gay people from all over the country. Portrayal and representation in the media and society Television and film produces programmes which also focus on gay life. Multiple soap operas showcase/have showcased LGBT life, some of the more notable have been the long-running and now cancelled soap opera Egoli which featured a long-term gay relationship. SABC 1 has shown itself to be comparatively representative of the LGBT community in South Africa in its programming.