health fund. Whilst most specialist clinicians take the opportunity to pursue private practice, many of them (with the exception of a majority of GPs) continue to work at least part-time as salaried employees in the state public hospitals. There is also an opportunity for specialists partake in hospital administration to take-up committee or managerial positions, such as director of their department or the hospital or health service, as well as being actively involved in the education and supervised training of their junior colleagues. Specialist Medical Practitioners are typically recognised by their specialty profession name; for example, General Practitioner, Cardiologist, Radiologist, Pathologist, Haematologist, Nephrologist, Neurologist, Neurosurgeon, et cetera. Physician broadly refers to those who specialise in any of the adult or child non-surgical medical sub-specialities. Surgeon broadly refers to those who specialise in any of the surgical sub-specialities. Medical practitioners which have completed their specialist training are known by a variety of other terminology, including but not limited to: Consultant Staff Specialist Visiting Medical Officer (VMO) Senior Medical Officer (SMO) Fellowship qualified specialist medical practitioners are required as part of mainting their specialist registration and fellow status to partake in activities throughout the year ensuring their continued professional development (CPD) which is monitored and facilitated by their respective specialty medical college. Additionally, while there is no requirement to do so, some clinicians at this stage of their career may consider further education (that is, if they have already not done so): Higher research or education degrees (such as Masters or PhD) or co-joint academic position at a university Fellowship placements (such as a neurosurgeon spending a year as a fellow in paediatric neurosurgery) Sub-specialisation (such as an emergency physician sub-specialising in toxicology) Second specialty qualification (such as an anaesthetist attaining a second-qualification to become an intensivist) Furthermore, specialist medical practitioners may pursue executive, administrative or advisory roles, including but not limited to: Medical Director Chief Medical Officer Board or Committee Membership Executive of Hospital or Health Service Ministerial or Political Appointments General Practice From 1995, General Practice in Australia became recognised as a specialist field of medicine with an accredited specialty training program. Its specialised role in health care is providing general medical care to the community; it is comparable to the scope of practice of family physicians in the United States and Canada. A properly trained and qualified General Practitioner (GP) should be able to independently assess, diagnose and treat