who had voted against the treaty (mostly full-bloods) were in danger of being assassinated. These Creeks, gathered their wives, children, movable possessions and livestock and moved to a temporary camp between the North Fork and Deep Fork of the North Canadian River, along with some Seminoles and Union supporters of other tribes. Upon learning that a force composed of Texas Cavalry and Confederate-supporting Indians was enroute to capture them, they commenced an orderly flight to find safety at a Federal fort in Kansas. The pursuing Confederates caught up with Opothleyahola's band at a place later named Round Mountain on November 19, 1860. Although the Texans attacked at nightfall, it soon became too dark to distinguish friend from foe, and both sides disengaged. During the night, the Unionists broke camp and slipped away. Opothleyahola led his band toward Tulsey Town, where the Lochapokas supplied provisions and decided to join the retreating band's trek. Cooper camped for awhile, expecting orders to rejoin the Confederate army in Arkansas. Those orders did not arrive, so he resumed chasing Opothleyahola on November 29. By then, the Unionists had crossed from Creek territory into Cherokee territory, where a regiment of Cherokee full-bloods welcomed them. On December 8, most of the Cherokee soldiers decide to join the Unionists, put on cornshuck badges, and deserted the Confederate cause, leaving their Confederate commander, John Drew, as a leader without an army. On December 9, as Cooper and his troops advanced toward Tulsey Town along Bird Creek, the Unionists ambushed both ends of his column. By the end of the day, the Confederates had pushed the Unionists across the creek. While Cooper's troops camped on the prairie that night, the Unionists slipped away again. The next day, Cooper reported that his casualties were 15 men killed and 37 wounded. He saw the defection of so many Cherokees as a bad omen, and ordered part of his command to march directly to Fort Gibson while he and the rest of his troops camped at Choska. Railroads: 1882–1901 In August, 1882, the population of Tulsa was about 200, when the Atlantic and Pacific Railroad, which later merged into the St. Louis and San Francisco Railway (familiarly known as the Frisco), completed the extension of its line to Tulsa from the town of Vinita to serve the cattle business, the city's first industry. Josiah Perryman and his partner Has Reede opened a mercantile