for Douglass. During a nineteen-month stay in Britain and Ireland, several of Douglass' supporters bought his freedom and assisted with the purchase of a printing press. With this assistance, Douglass was determined to begin an African-American newspaper that would engage the anti-slavery movement politically. On his return to the United States in March 1847, Douglass shared his ideas of The North Star with his mentors. Ignoring the advice of the American Anti-Slavery Society, Douglass moved to Rochester, New York to publish the first edition. When questioned on his decision to create The North Star, Douglass is said to have responded, I still see before me a life of toil and trials..., but, justice must be done, the truth must be told...I will not be silent. In covering politics in Europe, literature, slavery in the United States, and culture generally in both The North Star and Frederick Douglass' Paper, Douglass achieved unconstrained independence to write freely on topics from the California Gold Rush to Uncle Tom's Cabin to Charles Dickens's Bleak House. In 1848, he published an open letter to Horatio Gates Warner after Warner objected to Rosetta Douglass' enrollment at Seward Seminary in Rochester. The letter, which advocated for desegregation of all schools, was republished in papers across the country. Besides Garnet, other Oneida Institute alumni that collaborated with The North Star were Samuel Ringgold Ward and Jermain Wesley Loguen. Douglass was assisted by philanthropist Gerrit Smith. Smith later merged his own anti-slavery paper with The North Star to create Frederick Douglass' Paper. See also Abolitionist publications List of newspapers in New York Shaun King § The North Star References Bibliography Ira Berlin, "Who Freed the Slaves; Emancipation and Its Meaning", in Blight and Simpson (eds), Union and Emancipation; Essays on Politics and Race in the Civil War Era (Kent State University Press, 1234), p. 121. External links Digitized. The North Star newspaper archive, The North Star: Complete December 3, 1847 – April 17, 1851, Accessible Archives (institutional subscription required). The North Star, The North Star: Online Collection, Lavery Library, St. John Fisher College (selected issues only). "Our Paper and Its Prospects", The North Star, December 3, 1847. Douglass' Monthly is available at the Internet Archive. 1847 establishments in New York (state) Abolitionist newspapers published in the United States Defunct African-American newspapers Frederick Douglass History of Rochester, New York Newspapers published in Rochester, New York Publications disestablished in 1851 Newspapers