can fire its cannons in two primary modes of operation, radar and optical. In radar mode, the target tracking is fully automatic, with the guns aimed using data from the radar. In optical mode, the gunner tracks the target through the 1A29 stabilized sight, with the radar providing range data. Missiles The system uses the same 9M311 (NATO: SA-19/SA-N-11) missile family as the naval CIWS Kashtan which can engage targets at a range of and to an altitude of the Tunguska-M1 uses the improved 9M311-M1 missile with an increased range of and an altitude of . The missile has two stages, a large booster stage with four folding fins, which boosts the missile to a velocity of . The second stage has four fixed fins, and four steerable control surfaces. The complete missile is around long and a mass of . Guidance is performed by the target tracking radar, it constantly relays target range, elevation and bearing to the fire-control computer, and on the basis of this data the computer generates the laying commands for the guns or the trajectory corrections for the missiles. A back-up tracking method can be used by the gunner, who uses the stabilized sight of the Tunguska to track the target in elevation and azimuth. The gunner is initially cued towards the target by the system's search radar. Once the missile is steered to within of the target, an active laser or radio fuse (9M311-M1) is triggered. A contact fuse is also fitted. The warhead weighs about , and is a continuous-rod system, consisting of long, diameter rods, which break into fragments weighing . The rods form a complete ring about from the missile. Missile variants 9M311: Original missile, laser proximity fuze, range . 9M311K (3M87): Naval version of the 9M311 used by the Kortik system. Export version of Kashtan uses the 9M311-1E missile. 9M311-1: Export version of the missile. 9M311M (3M88): Improved version of the missile. 9M311-M1: Used with the Tunguska-M1 radar proximity fuse for improved capability against cruise missiles. Pulsed tracking light instead of constant flare for better resistance to infrared countermeasures. Range improved to . Similar systems : 9M311 missiles were first exported to China in 2005, and at the 9th Zhuhai Airshow held in November 2012, a suspected Chinese derivative of 2K22 Tunguska designated as FK-1000 (similar to this system is Sky Dragon 12, SD-12, Tianlong 12 on an 8 wheel