Wojciech (pronounced: ) Bonawentura Fangor (15 November 1922 – 25 October 2015), also known as Voy Fangor, was a Polish painter, graphic artist, sculptor. Described as "one of the most distinctive painters to emerge from postwar Poland," Fangor has been associated with Op art and Color field movements and recognized as a key figure in the history of Polish abstract art. As a graphic artist, Fangor is known as a co-creator of the influential Polish School of Posters. Between 1953 and 1961, he designed over one hundred posters working alongside Henryk Tomaszewski, Jan Lenica and others. After briefly conforming to the style of Socialist Realism during the Stalinist regime in Poland, Fangor had moved toward non-objective painting by the late 1950s. Fangor's 1958 exhibition titled Studium Przestrzeni at Salon Nowej Kultury in Warsaw, organized together with Stanisław Zamecznik, had sought to create an immersive display space and incorporate Fangor's abstract paintings into the surrounding environment, becoming the foundation for his subsequent experiments with the spatial dimension of color. In 1966, following a period of extensive international travel during the first half of the 1960s, Fangor relocated to the United States. In 1970, he became the first (and, as of 2023, the only) Polish artist to hold a solo exhibition at the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum in New York. Fangor returned to Poland in 1999 where he remained active until his death in 2015. For his contributions to the Polish culture, Fangor was awarded several honors, including the Order of Polonia Restituta in 2001, the country's second highest civilian order, and the Gold Medal for Merit to Culture in 2004. His work is included in the permanent collections of museums in Europe, North America, and the Middle East. Life and early career Early life and work (1922-1940s) Wojciech Bonawentura Fangor was born on 15 November 1922 in Warsaw to an affluent family. His father, Konrad Fangor, was an engineer and a founder of Technical Society for Trade and Industry in Warsaw, while his mother, Wanda née Chachlowska, was a trained pianist. The artist's mother is said to have played an important role in encouraging her son's creative interests. Prior to the outbreak of World War II, Fangor studied first at the private grammar school of Masovian School Society and then attended Mikolaj Rey Grammar School in Warsaw. Since 1936, he trained as a painter under Tadeusz Kozłowski. The artist was exposed