further object)" Switch reference Switch reference refers to markings according to whether a subordinate verb has the same or different subject as the main verb. In Kashaya it also marks whether the time of the action is the same, or preceding the main verb action in the past or future. There is no consistent expression of these categories except for the element /pʰi/ in both future suffixes, but the remaining /la/ is not identifiable as a separate suffix. The suffix containing /li/ is realized as -wli after vowels, -u꞉li (or /uwli/) after d, and -ʔli after other consonants; this allomorphy is related to that of the very common Absolutive suffix, -w, -u, -ʔ. A few examples of these morphemes: tʼeti꞉bícʰ-pʰi maya miyícʼkʰe — "you should stand up and (then) speak" [same subject, future tense] pʰala cóhtoʔ, duwecí꞉d-em — "he left again as night was falling" [different subject, simultaneous] cohtóʔ da꞉qacʼ-ba cohtó꞉y — "having wanting to go, he went" [same subject, past tense] ʔama: qʰaʔa꞉dú-ʔli, cohtoʔ — "after morning had come, she left" [different subject, past tense]; consonant-final stem /qʰaʔa-aduc/ Notable Kashaya Pomo speakers Pomo speaker Langford "Lanny" Roger Pinola (April 25, 1938 – April 21, 2003) lived on the Kashaya Reservation until age six. Essie Pinola Parrish (1902–1979), a noted basketweaver, educated Kashaya children in the language, and "compiled a Kashaya Pomo dictionary, working with Robert Oswalt, a Berkeley scholar well-known in the field of Indian linguistics." See also Pomoan languages Pomo people Fort Ross Notes References Buckley, Eugene (1994). Theoretical aspects of Kashaya phonology and morphology. CSLI Publications, Stanford University. McLendon, Sally. (2003). Evidentials in Eastern Pomo with a comparative survey of the category in other Pomoan languages. In A. Y. Aikhenvald & R. M. W. Dixon (Eds.), Studies in evidentiality(pp. 101–129). Typological studies in language (Vol. 54). Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company. ; . Mithun, Marianne. (1999). The languages of Native North America. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (hbk); . Oswalt, Robert L. (1961). A Kashaya grammar (Southwestern Pomo), PhD dissertation, University of California, Berkeley. External links Collection of Kashaya resources compiled by the University of Pennsylvania Kashaya dictionary Kashaya language overview at the Survey of California and Other Indian Languages Kashaya basic lexicon at the Global Lexicostatistical Database OLAC resources in and about the Kashaya language Pomo tribe Indigenous languages of California Endangered Pomoan languages Pomoan languages History of Sonoma County, California