from critics who feel that the term is overly approbative in cases where either ignorance of the facts or intent to misrepresent should not be discarded as possibilities. The word was used by a White House spokesman after George W. Bush seemed to say that his government was always "thinking about new ways to harm our country and our people" (a classic example of a Bushism), and more famously by then American presidential candidate Hillary Clinton who recalled landing in at the US military outpost of Tuzla "under sniper fire" (in fact, video footage demonstrates that there were no such problems on her arrival). Other users of the term include American politician Richard Blumenthal, who incorrectly stated on a number of occasions that he had served in Vietnam during the Vietnam War. See also Error (linguistics) Auditory processing disorder Barbarism (grammar) Epenthesis Errors in early word use Folk etymology FOXP2 Developmental verbal dyspraxia Malapropism Metathesis (linguistics) Signorelli parapraxis References Further reading Bock, J. K. (1982). Toward a cognitive psychology of syntax. Psychological Review, 89, 1-47. Garrett, M. F. (1976). Syntactic processing in sentence production. In E. Walker & R. Wales (Eds.), New approaches to language mechanisms (pp. 231–256). Amsterdam: North-Holland. Garrett, M. F. (1980). Levels of processing in sentence production. In B. Butterworth (Ed.), Language production: Vol. 1. Speech and talk (pp. 177–220). San Diego, CA: Academic Press. Jescheniak, J.D., Levelt, W.J.M (1994). Word Frequency Effects in Speech Production: Retrieval of Syntactic Information and of Phonological Form. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, Vol. 20, (pp. 824–843) Levelt, W. J. M. (1989). Speaking: From intention to articulation. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Reichman, R. (1981). Plain Speaking: A Theory and Grammar of Spontaneous Discourse. Cambridge, MA Bache, Richard Meade. (1869). Vulgarisms and Other Errors of Speech. External links Phonetics Speech Speech and language pathology