of the Empire were acting more or less as provisional governments. Charles' empire was effectively reduced to the mostly German-speaking Alpine and Danubian crown lands, and the government's authority was even being challenged there by the state council elected by the Provisional National Assembly of German-Austria. Minister-President Lammasch was called a liquidator by the Austrian press, since it was thought he was presiding over the end of the empire. On 30 October, the German-Austrian state council named Karl Renner as State Chancellor. When the German emperor Wilhelm II abdicated on 9 November, Lammasch realised the situation was untenable. He entered into negotiations with Chancellor Renner and advised Emperor Charles to give up his right to exercise sovereign authority. Accordingly, on 11 November, Charles issued a statement in which he acknowledged Austria's right to determine the form of the state and relinquished his right to take part in the country's politics. He also released the officials in the Austrian half of the empire from their oath of loyalty to him and relieved Lammasch of his duties as Minister-President. The statement effectively ended the Habsburgs' 636-year rule over Austria. Shortly afterward, the state council proclaimed the Republic of German-Austria. Lammasch was sent to represent Austria at St. Germain. He died in Salzburg in 1920, aged 66. Honours : Knight of the Iron Crown, 3rd Class, 1898 Commander of the Order of Franz Joseph, with Star, 1905 Commander of the Imperial Order of Leopold, 1909 Notes References External links Biography at firstworldwar.com Biography at Austrian Commanders 1853 births 1920 deaths 20th-century Ministers-President of Austria People from Amstetten District Ministers-President of Austria Austrian jurists Academic staff of the University of Innsbruck Members of the House of Lords (Austria) Burials at the Bad Ischl Friedhof Commanders of the Order of Franz Joseph