features of Kiezdeutsch is the use of shortened nominal phrases (without articles or prepositions) as place and time markers: "Gehst du heute auch Viktoriapark?" (Are you also going Victoria Park today?) "Ich werde zweiter Mai fünfzehn." (I will turn 15 2 May) In the above examples, the prepositions "zum" (to the) and "am" (on the) have been omitted, but do not impact sentence meaning. Shortened phrases of this nature are often perceived as unsystematic linguistic simplifications. However, a similar phenomenon occurs in standard German in informal spoken contexts (for instance, in the region of Berlin shortened nominal phrases are regularly used to designate public transit stops). Shortening of functional words and inflectional endings Functional words and inflectional endings, particular those that can be inferred, are often shortened or dropped: "Ich habe eine Blase am Fuß. Tut weh." (I have a blister on my foot. Hurts.) In the above example, the subject ("it") has been dropped from the second sentence as it is implied. Word order variations In Kiezdeutsch, as in Standard German, verbs can be placed in the second-position in declarative clauses and in the last-position in subordinate clauses. However, unlike Standard German, Kiezdeutsch allows for verbs to also be placed in the first- and third-positions: "Ich wusste ganz genau, dass er das versteht und darum hab ich das auch gesagt, aber jetzt ich hasse ihn." In the above example, "jetzt ich hasse ihn" places the verb hasse in the third-position. In Standard German, the verb would occupy the second-position: Jetzt hasse ich ihn. Development of new grammatical particles In Kiezdeutsch, constructions featuring two new grammatical particles can be found: "musstu" and "lassma": "Musstu Doppelstunde fahren!" (rather than: Du musst Doppelstunde fahren!) "Lassma Moritzplatz aussteigen" (rather than: "Lass uns mal Moritzplatz aussteigen.") Although musstu is based on the second-person phrase "musst du," it can also be used when referring to groups of people. In these instances, Standard German would require the use of "müsst ihr." Use of "so" as an emphasis marker The particle "so" is frequently used as an emphasis marker. While this usage can also be seen outside of Kiezdeutsch, it is much less common in monolingual than multilingual contexts: "Dicker, ich hab, ich weiß nicht, also die Stadt ist nicht mein Dings so. Weißt, was ich meine? Ich bin mehr so Naturtyp für Natur, Dorf. So im Grünen, das ist mein Ding." "Ich höre Alpa Gun, weil