19 items and a further 28 were listed in 2003 and another 43 in 2005. In part, the original list was seen as a way to correct the imbalance in the World Heritage List, since it excluded many Southern Hemisphere cultures which did not produce monuments or other physical cultural manifestations. It was superseded in 2008 by the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists. Recently there has been much debate over protecting intangible cultural heritage through intellectual property rights, as well as the desirability to do so through this legal framework and the risks of commodification derived from this possibility. The issue still remains open in legal scholarship. UNESCO lists by country Note: Each country may maintain its own cultural heritage lists, items of which are not necessarily inscribed into UNESCO lists. See also Living human treasure Non-material culture UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists References Further reading Petrillo Pier Luigi, Biocultural diversity and the Mediterranean Diet, in FAO, Sustainable diets and biodiversity, Rome 2012 Petrillo Pier Luigi, The Legal Protection of Intangible Cultural Heritage. A comparative Perspective, Springer 2020 External links Definitions of Intangible Cultural Heritage as of States, IGOs and NGOs in 2001 Full text of the Convention What Is ICH? document from Newfoundland, Canada Exploring a Model of Living Cultural Heritage New model of Intangible heritage Culture Quintessence Internationally oriented enterprise dedicated to the protection, appreciation and transmission of Intangible Cultural Heritage Dédalo. Open source software for management of Cultural Heritage (tangible and intangible) and Oral History Intangible Spanish heritage Cultural heritage Traditions Cultural anthropology Conservation and restoration of cultural heritage Traditional knowledge