of them were identified as Juglar, forty-six as Veuve Clicquot, and at least four as Heidsieck. When the wine was tasted in 2015, several of them were still drinkable, well-preserved thanks to the cold and dark conditions at the depth. Chemical analysis showed levels of sugar (150 g/L) much higher than modern champagne (more than most Sauternes), compared to today's champagnes which are generally between 6 and 10g per litre. This high sugar content was characteristic of people's tastes at the time, especially the Russian market known for its preference for sweeter wines. It also had much higher levels of salt, iron, lead, copper, and arsenic compared with modern vintages. It is believed the arsenic and copper originated from antiquated pesticide (Bordeaux mixture) applied to the grapes. The iron probably came from nails used in the wine barrels, and the lead leached from brass valve fittings of the winemaking equipment. Modern champagne producers begin with wine from stainless steel barrels, yielding lower iron and lead levels. On 17 November 2010, the local government of Åland announced that most of the bottles were to be auctioned off. A bottle of nearly 200-year-old Veuve Clicquot broke the record for the most expensive champagne ever sold. In 2011, a bidder paid €30,000 for one of them found in the Baltic Sea. As a result, in 2014, the house submerged 300 bottles and 50 magnums of its champagne at the exact location of the wreck to study whether it matures differently than on land. It will be resurfaced in 40 years and compared with another set of champagne aged underground at the same depth. Oldest bottle In July 2008, an unopened bottle of Veuve Clicquot was discovered inside a sideboard in Torosay Castle, Isle of Mull, Scotland. The 1893 bottle was in mint condition, having been kept in the dark. It is now on display at the Veuve Clicquot Ponsardin visitor centre in Reims and is regarded as priceless. It is the oldest bottle bearing a yellow label kept in the Veuve Clicquot house collection. In 2001, Cecile Bonnefond became the first female president of Veuve Clicquot since the widow herself was running the company. Wine-making Crayères The oldest parts of the Veuve Clicquot cellars (the "crayères") were originally chalk-pits (chalk quarries). The Veuve Clicquot "crayères" are medieval and lie about 55–65 feet underground. Placed end-to-end, they would extend over more than 12 miles.