Scotland originating from Spain, and coming to England in 1512. Rulers soon passed laws aimed at stopping the immigration of Romani and enforcing the assimilation of those already present. During the reign of Henry VIII, the Egyptians Act of 1530 banned Romanies from entering the country and required those already living there to leave within sixteen days. Failure to do so could result in confiscation of property, imprisonment, and deportation. During the reign of Mary I, the Act was amended by the Egyptians Act of 1554, which removed the threat of punishment if Romanies abandoned their "naughty, idle and ungodly life and company" and adopted a sedentary lifestyle, but increased the penalty for non-compliance to death. In 1562, a new law offered Romanies born in England and Wales the possibility of becoming English subjects if they assimilated into the local population. Despite this new option, the Romani were forced into a marginal lifestyle and subjected to discrimination by the authorities and by many non-Romani. In 1596, 106 men and women were condemned to death at York for being Romani, and nine were executed.<ref name="Timbers2016">{{cite book|last=Timbers|first=Frances|title=The Damned Fraternitie: Constructing Gypsy Identity in Early Modern England, 1500–1700|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Sh4FDAAAQBAJ&pg=PT96|date=20 April 2016|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-317-03651-7|page=96}}</ref> Samuel Rid wrote two books about them in the early 17th century. From the 1780s onwards, the anti-Romani laws were gradually repealed. The identity of the Romanichals was formed between 1660 and 1800, as a Romani group living in Britain. Persecution Hostility and discrimination against Romani people is still present in the UK. In 2008, it was reported that the Romani experienced a higher degree of racism than any other group in the United Kingdom, including asylum-seekers, and a Mori poll indicated that a third of UK residents admitted to being prejudiced against Romani. Deportations The authorities began to deport Romanichals, principally to Norway, as early as 1544. The process was continued and encouraged by Elizabeth I and James I. The Finnish Kale, a Romani group in Finland, maintain that their ancestors were originally a Romani group who travelled from Scotland, supporting the idea that they and some of the Scandinavian Travellers/Romani are distantly related to Scottish Romani and English Romanichals. cited in: Fraser (1995) In 1603, an Order in Council was made for the transportation of Romanichal to the Low Countries, France, Newfoundland, Spain, and the West Indies. In many cases, those deported in this manner lost contact with other members of