store, IP data broadcasting etc. Windows XP includes improved FireWire (IEEE 1394) support (DVCPRO25 525-60 and 625-50) for digital video cameras and audio video devices. It introduces MSTape, a WDM driver for D-VHS and MPEG camcorder devices. Video playback DirectShow 8 introduces the Video Mixing Renderer-7 (VMR-7) filter which uses DirectDraw 7 for video rendering, replacing the Overlay Mixer. VMR-7 can mix multiple streams and graphics with alpha blending, allowing applications to draw text (such as closed captions) and graphics (such as channel logos or UI buttons) over the video without flickering, and support compositing to implement custom effects and transitions. VMR-7 also supports source color keying, overlay surface management, frame-stepping and improved multiple-monitor support. VMR-7 features a "windowless mode" for applications to easily host video playback within any window and a "renderless playback mode" for applications to access the composited image before it is rendered. DirectX 9 introduced the VMR-9 which uses Direct3D 9 instead of DirectDraw, allowing developers to transform video images using the Direct3D pixel shaders. DirectShow 8 includes AVStream, a multimedia class driver for video-only and audio-video kernel streaming. Other media features Windows Media Encoder 9 Series allows encoding Windows Media 9based content. Installing Windows Media Connect or Windows Media Player 11 adds a UPnP-based streaming media server. Device support improvements Windows XP provides new and/or improved drivers and user interfaces for devices compared to Windows Me and 98. Windows Image Acquisition Windows XP supports both TWAIN as well as Windows Image Acquisition-based scanners. Windows Image Acquisition in Windows XP adds support for Automatic document feeder scanners, scroll-fed scanners without preview capabilities and multi-page TIFF generation. For WIA video, a Snapshot filter driver is introduced which allows still frames to be captured from the video stream. The Scanner and Camera Wizard based on Windows Image Acquisition and other common dialogs for WIA devices have been improved in Windows XP to show the media information and metadata, rotate images as necessary, categorize them into subfolders, capture images and video in case of a still or video camera, crop and scan images to a single or multi-page TIFF in case of a scanner. The Picture Transfer Protocol (PTP) implementation has been updated to support all mandatory and optional commands in the PTP standard, and object tree support which allows secondary files associated with a parent file to be grouped and transferred concurrently. Windows Media Player 10 also adds