tried all manner of treatments. Following a risky operation, Bulbring died on 5 July 1990. Bülbring has been acknowledged by physiologists and pharmacologists as the most influential smooth muscle physiologist in the world. Her contribution to smooth muscle physiology and pharmacology and that of her collaborators laid the foundations on which investigation on smooth muscle is based. Family Father: Dr. Karl Bülbring (1863–1917) Mother: Hortense Leonore Bülbring (née Kann; 1868–1938) Siblings: Hans Bülbring (brother, 1898–1918), Luci Bülbring (sister, 1900–?) and Maud Bülbring (sister, 1902–1960) Publications from work at Oxford 1972 Recent developments in the study of drug action on cellular mechanisms ill smooth muscle. International Congress of Pharmacology, 4. Manus P/1-P/2. 1973 (with D.M. Needham) ed. A discussion on recent development in vertebrate smooth muscle physiology. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lond. B. 265, 1–231. (with H. Kuriyama) The action of catecholamines on guinea-pig taenia coli. PhiL Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B., 265, 115–121. (with J.H. Szurszewski) The stimulant action of acetylcholine and catecholamines on the uterus. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B., 265, 149–155. Action of catecholamines on the smooth muscle cell membrane. pp. 1–13 In: "Drug Receptors", ed. H.P. Rang. Macmillan London. Possible mechanism of the action of catecbolamines on smooth muscle. pp. 389–391 in Frontiers in Catecholamine Research. eels, E. Usdin & S. Snyder. Pergamon London. 1974 (with J.H. Szurszewski) The stimulant action of noradrenaline (α-action) on guinea-pig myometrium compared with that of acetylcholine. Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. B., 185, 225–262. Scientific Visits to China under arrangements between the Academia Sinica: and the Royal Society. Report on visit 10th to 25 November 1973 p. 14-33. The Royal Society. 1975 (with J.H. Hardman) Effects on smooth muscle of nucleotides and the dibutyryl analogues of cyclic nucleotides. INSERM, SO, 125–133. 1976 (with M.F. Shuba) eel. Physiology of Smooth Muscle. Kiev Symp. 1975 Raven Press, New York. Catecholamines then and now. J. Pharm. Pharmac. 28, 348–355. 1977 (with A Den Henog) The 8-action of catecholamines on the smooth muscle of guinea-pia taenia coli. J. Physiol. 268. 29P-30P. (with T. Tomita) The alpha-action of catecholamines on the guinea-pig taenia coli in K-free and Na-free solution and in the presence of ouabain. Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. B., 197, 255–269. (with T. Tomita) Calcium requirement for the alpha-action of catecholamines on guinea-pig taenia coli. Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. B., 197, 271–284. 1978 (with T.B. Bolton) Adrenoceptors in visceral smooth muscle. pp. 7–13 In: "Recent