orchestras (the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra, the Royal Liverpool Philharmonic Orchestra and others) have played in the Festival, and there have been recitals and concerts from performers such as John Williams, Sarah Walker, Musica Antiqua Köln, Evelyn Glennie, Emma Kirkby, James Bowman and Julian Perkins. Concerts have sometimes been broadcast on BBC Radio 3. Many concerts take place in the Cathedral, but the Festival takes place all over St Albans with other regular venues including St Peter's Church and St Saviour's Church. The 2021 Festival was one of the first events to take place after Covid-19 restrictions were partially relaxed in the UK. Performers included Nicola Benedetti with Aurora Orchestra, Tenebrae, Jess Gillam, Steven Osborne and Roderick Williams. The Fringe The IOF Fringe presents community-focused performances in a wide range of formal and unconventional venues. Events were mostly outdoors in historic parts of the City such as in front of the Clock Tower and in the Tudor streets of St Michael's or in the Alban Arena. Artists taking part included Seth Lakeman, The Swanvesta Social Club and Isla St Clair. Previously, cabaret events and other entertainment had been run as part of the festival, including performances from Richard Stilgoe, Jake Thackray, Instant Sunshine and others. Past winners The following individuals have won prizes at the festival. Interpretation competition 1963 Susan Landale, UK 1964 Gillian Weir, UK 1965 Hans Joachim Bartsch, Germany 1967 Danièle Gullo, France 1969 David Sanger, UK 1971 Larry Cortner, USA 1973 Jan Overduin, The Netherlands / Walter Glyn Jenkins, UK 1975 Lynne Davis, USA 1977 Peggy Haas, USA / Marcus Huxley, UK (joint second) 1979 Thomas Trotter, UK 1981 David Rowland, UK (second prize) 1983 Kevin Bowyer, UK 1985 Kimberly Marshall, USA 1985 Diane Meredith Belcher, USA "(second prize)" 1987 Bas de Vroome, The Netherlands (second prize) 1989 Mikael Wahlin, Sweden 1991 Joseph Adam, USA 1993 Gabriel Marghieri, France 1995 Mattias Wager, Sweden 1997 David Goode, UK (second prize) 1999 Pier-Damiano Peretti, Italy 2001 Johannes Unger, Germany 2003 Herman Jordaan, South Africa 2005 Andrew Dewar, UK 2007 Ulrich Walther, Germany 2009 Konstantin Volostnov, Russia 2011 David Baskeyfield, UK 2013 Simon Thomas Jacobs, UK 2015 Johannes Zeinler, Austria 2017 Thomas Gaynor, New Zealand 2019 Kumi Choi, South Korea 2021 Competition was held virtually due to Covid-19, with no first prize Improvisation competition 1963 Guy Bovet, Switzerland 1964 André Isoir, France 1971 Hans Eugen Frischknecht, Switzerland 1973 Kees van Ersel,