in Palleja's diaries. Article VI By this article the Allies pledged not to lay down their arms, unless by mutual consent, until they had abolished the López government, nor to treat separately with the enemy. This article has been criticised for making it difficult to negotiate peace. Indeed, after the initial enthusiasm, Argentina had a strong antiwar party and had it not been for Brazil, it is possible that Argentina might have opted to negotiate peace. As against that, however, Domingo Faustino Sarmiento, winner of the 1868 presidential election on an anti-war platform, did try to bring about Argentina's unilateral withdrawal — Article VI or not. But he was unable to do so, in part because of anti-López sentiment. Article VII As foreshadowed in Article 6, this stipulated that the enemy was the Paraguayan government (i.e., López) rather than the country of Paraguay. (The concept was not without precedent in international affairs. "Talleyrand had also obtained from the Congress of Vienna that the enemy of the Coalition was Napoleon alone, and not the French people".). Therefore, a volunteer anti-López Paraguayan Legion would be admitted to join the Allies. It has been objected that the Paraguayan Legion were traitors to their country, but there can be no doubt that the López government was a dictatorship with an emigrée opposition. A different objection is that Paraguayan prisoners of war were forced to join the Legion or, at any rate, the Allied armies, which, had it been true, would have been outrageous. Article VIII This reiterated that the Allies bound themselves to respect the independence and sovereignty of the Paraguayan Republic, because the real enemy was the López regime. Although at the time some objected to this as a cynical manoeuvre, there is really little ground to doubt the sincerity of the Allies' motives on this point. Brazil and Argentina were traditional rivals, and neither wanted the other to absorb Paraguay. That this was so in the case of Brazil is demonstrated twice, not only when she insisted in this clause in the first place, but after winning the war, when she could easily have annexed Paraguay had she wished to do so., A separate complaint was that the Allies did not really mean to respect the territorial integrity'' of Paraguay, because they meant to help themselves to large portions of Paraguayan territory. However, this objection presupposes that those territories were, in international