be within the explosion blast zone of a leak. In the Duckworth–Eiber Report, researchers showed that many gas transmission pipelines are dangerously close to homes and schools. Ultimately, the NED project was shelved due to a shortage of enough customers to justify an increased natural gas supply in New England. Significant incidents reported From 2006 to 2017, according to Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA) failure reports, TGP had 111 "significant incidents" with their pipelines, resulting in $89,815,380 in property damage and 19 federal enforcement actions. A "significant incident" results in any of the following consequences: fatality or injury requiring in-patient hospitalization $50,000 or more in total costs, measured in 1984 dollars liquid releases of five or more barrels (55 USgal/barrel) releases resulting in an unintentional fire or explosion. From 2006 to 2017, 27 federal enforcement actions were initiated against TGP, with $422,500 in penalties. Federal inspectors were onsite at TGP locations for 661 days plus 187 days of accident investigations. From 2006 to 2017, faulty infrastructure caused most of TGP's onshore gas transmission pipeline accidents. Corrosion (internal or external), equipment malfunctions, manufacturing defects, faulty welds, and incorrect installation together accounted for 56% of leaks and more than $90 million in property damage. Failures may be escalating as pipelines age. In the listings below, note the age of pipes that failed. Accidents According to PHMSA, Tennessee Gas Pipeline had at least 257 significant failures (leaks, fires, and explosions) from 1986 to 2017. This number does not include the less notable accidents that did not meet the criteria for reporting. The incidents below are merely a representative sample. On March 4, 1965, a diameter TGP gas transmission pipeline explosion north of Natchitoches, Louisiana, destroying five homes and killing 17 people including nine children, the deadliest gas transmission pipeline accident in U.S. history. This explosion and others of the era, led to PHMSA's formation in 1967. On February 18, 2000, a 24-inch diameter Tennessee Gas Pipeline at Marcellus, New York, leaked natural gas when a pipe cracked. The crack was thought to be caused by a manufacturing defect in the pipe which had been installed in 1951. On November 28, 2000, in Portland, Tennessee, a Tennessee Gas Pipeline Company maintenance crew was welding an oil lubrication line at a compressor station when an explosion and flash fire occurred, injuring three workers. Apparently, gas from the compressor migrated into a crankcase and