bays and estuaries. An estuary is a body of water where the river and the ocean meet. It is where freshwater is drained from the land into the seawater. Estuaries are considered one of the most productive ecosystems in the world being a reason why Australian Sprat are found in this location. On the other hand, an abundant level of Australian Sprat are found in bays during the season of August to November. A bay is a body of water surrounded partially by land. Specifically, during the day, sprats will move into deeper water and migrate to shallow regions to source food. Unlike the other Sprats, Australian sprats are found around the colder regions of Australia. They are in both the Indian and Pacific Ocean. More specifically, this ranges from Port Jackson in New South Wales and down to Tasmania. Although less common, Australian Sprat have been spotted as far as the Spencer Gulf in South Australia as well as in New Zealand Waters. Overall, there is minimal data on the species. Not much is known abouts the total population size, history, and biology. The Australian Sprat is a pelagic fish which is found in antitropical, temperate water. An antitropical distribution occurs when similar species of the same animal are distributed on both the North and South of the tropics yet not within. Interestingly, this antitropical distribution pattern is found for all five species of Sprat. These tropical zones act as a barrier to entry of the Sprattus which limits the dispersion of the Sprattus around the world. Note that only the Sprattus Sprattus is found in the Northern Hemisphere around the coast of Europe while three out of the five species of Sprats are found within the oceania region. For the Sprattus to spread from the Northern to the Southern Hemisphere of vice versa, it is considered a possibility that it occurred during the Miocene and Pliocene period, as it allowed for a window of opportunity for the Sprattus to migrate to the other hemisphere. It is important to note that there are currently no studies done which examine the origins of the Sprattus, yet species with similar antitropical distribution have been examined extensively. These include Sardinops. Conservation From a conservation perspective, the Australian Sprat is not a targeted species from fisheries which means there are no major threats and potential impacts to the species. However, more research as