being signed previously to the reign of Pérez or being graduates of the Madrid youth system, these often included: Iker Casillas – part of the first galácticos. Sergio Ramos – part of the first galácticos. Pepe – signed pre-Pérez in 2007 for €30 million from Porto Marcelo – signed pre-Pérez in 2007 for €6.5 million from Fluminense Gonzalo Higuaín – signed pre-Pérez in 2007 for €12 million from River Plate Álvaro Arbeloa – graduated from youth system in 2006 and bought back in 2009 for €5 million from Liverpool Sami Khedira – signed in 2010 for €14 million from Stuttgart Raphaël Varane – signed in 2011 for €10 million from Lens Dani Carvajal – graduated from youth system in 2012 and bought back in 2013 for €6.5 million from Bayer Leverkusen Casemiro – signed in 2013 for €6 million from São Paulo Keylor Navas – signed in 2014 for €10 million from Levante 2009–present: Pérez's second presidency Background: 2008–09 season The 2008–09 season saw Real Madrid eclipsed by rivals Barcelona, who completed their treble, including beating Real to win La Liga by a wide margin of nine points. Real were humbled in the Champions League first knockout round by Liverpool, suffering a 1–0 loss at the Santiago Bernabéu and a heavy 4–0 defeat at Anfield. The defeat marked the fifth successive season of early Champions League exits in the round of 16, with Real not making the quarter-finals since 2004. To make things worse, they lost both their El Clásico matches and crashed out of the Copa del Rey to third tier side Real Unión. The team was widely derided in the press. Manager Bernd Schuster was sacked midway through the 2008–09 season, with the team perceptibly in decline despite the efforts of Juande Ramos, who kept the team with 19 successive victories, shortening the deficit to only six points (initially, Barcelona led by 12). It was all brought to an end when a rampant Barcelona later defeated an exposed Real 2–6, with Lionel Messi, Xavi and Thierry Henry being the stars. In addition, Real Madrid president Ramón Calderón resigned in January 2009 after corruption allegations and having failed to secure notable transfer targets for the club. 2009–10 season The resignation of Ramón Calderón resulted in a presidential election in mid-2009, returning Florentino Pérez to the presidency. Pérez again pledged to go on a spending spree to return the club