in Romania (xxxiii. 597-618). The ninth branch of the Karlamagnus Saga (ed. C. R. Unger, Christiania, 1860) deals with the geste of Guillaume. I Nerbonesi is edited by J. G. Isola (Bologna, 1877, etc.). Afterlife of the poems The family continues in Italian tradition, called "Mongrana" in Andrea da Barberino's works, Reali di Francia (ed. Vandelli & Gambarin), and Storie Nerbonesi (ed. I.G. Isola) from which (among other works) Matteo Maria Boiardo will develop his Orlando Innamorato and Ludovico Ariosto his Orlando Furioso. References C. Révillout, Etude hist. et litt. sur la vita sancti Willelmi (Montpellier, 1876) W. J. A. Jonckbloet, Guillaume d'Orange (2 vols, 1854, The Hague) Ludwig Clarus (Wilhelm Volk), Herzog Wilhelm von Aquitanien (Munster, 1865) Paulin Paris, in Hist. litt. de la France (vol. xxii., 1852) Emile Theodore Léon Gautier, Epopees françaises (vol. iv., 2nd ed., 1882) Raymond Weeks, The newly discovered Chançun de Willame (Chicago, 1904) Antoine Thomas, Etudes romanes (Paris, 1891), on Vivien Louis Saltet, "S. Vidian de Martres-Tolosanes" in Bull. de litt. eccles. (Toulouse, 1902) P. Becker, Die altfrz. Wilhelmsage u. ihre Beziehung zu Wilhelm dem Heiligen (Halle, 1896), and Der südfranzösische Sagenkreis und seine Probleme (Halle, 1898) Alfred Jeanroy, "Études sur le cycle de Guillaume au court nez" (in Romania, vols 25 and 26, 1896–1897) Hermann Suchier, "Recherches sur ... Guillaume d'Orange" (in Romania, vol. 32, 1903) Matter of France Chansons de geste Epic poems in French French poems