for example, have prompted a debate on the advantages of providing human rather than state security in the process of state-building. Implementation SSR is considered an instrument of international development aid; and attaining good SSG is seen by practitioners as a conflict prevention tool and as a post-conflict stabilizer. Examples of mechanisms that international actors reportedly use to perform security sector reform include disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) programmes to try and synchronize reforms to the security sector—and rule of law reforms as justice and security sectors are often considered intertwined. Likewise, SSR can be performed along transitional justice processes if the security sector has a legacy of violence against the population—and during security policy discussions to use SSR in supporting the implementation and reviews of the states' national security policy and strategy. SSR is not understood by researchers to be limited to a single political situation, but rather can be introduced in various contexts. The circumstances under which reform efforts are undertaken are often classified as three different reform environments: post-conflict, transitional and developed countries. Nevertheless, security sector reform is most commonly introduced in post-conflict settings after war has ceased. However, its insensitive application to such contexts has raised criticism. For example, Jane Chanaa has argued that there is a concept–context divide because conceptualisation overshadowed the understanding on how the idea adapts to the local situations whereas Safal Ghimire has noted that such a chasm exists also because the 'SSR' concept does not talk about reforms in the benefactors. See also Gender and security sector reform Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces (DCAF) International relations International security Peacebuilding Public finance References Further reading Books Articles, papers and guidelines External links Organisations working on SSG/R or its subcategories African Security Sector Network (ASSN) Centre for Security Governance (CSG) Folke Bernadotte Academy (FBA) Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces (DCAF) International Center for Transitional Justice (ICTJ) Justice Coopération Internationale (JCI) Marsad - the Egyptian security sector observatory Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) United Nations (UN) Department of Peacekeeping Operations (DPKO) Law enforcement Public policy Social engineering (political science) Governance