The Cluster Munition Coalition (CMC) is an international civil society movement, which campaigns against the use, production, stockpiling, and transfer of cluster munitions. Cluster munitions, a type of munition stockpiled by more than 80 states, are documented to have caused significant civilian deaths and injuries and have frequently caused indiscriminate effects in both conflict and peace times. Their use is prohibited under the 2008 Convention on Cluster Munitions, a convention formally endorsed on May 30th, 2008, in Dublin, Ireland, and was signed by 94 countries in Oslo on December 3-4, 2008. The Convention entered into force, becoming a binding international law on August 1st, 2010 after 30 countries formally ratified it. As of January 4th, 2012, it had been signed by 111 countries, of which 77 have ratified. The CMC, formed in November 2003, is a network of civil society organizations, including NGOs, faith-based groups, and professional organizations. It includes large worldwide organizations, such as Amnesty International, Handicap International , and Human Rights Watch, as well as nationally based organizations (such as the Swedish Peace and Arbitration Society and Legacies of War) and national campaigns (such as the Philippines Campaign against Cluster Munitions and the Aotearoa New Zealand Cluster Munition Coalition). All of these organizations share a common goal of preventing the adverse humanitarian and development impact of cluster munitions and providing assistance to the victims and survivors, as well as ensuring their normalization and inclusion in society. Organizations and individuals that make up the CMC also work to address the effects of cluster munitions through their work in conflict zones, providing assistance to victims, clearing areas contaminated by cluster munitions, investigating human rights abuses, and violations of international humanitarian law. The CMC is an example of the emerging model of international diplomacy that involves the coordination of global grassroots initiatives to promote a specific goal, engaging in an international diplomatic process in partnership with like-minded states. An important focus for the CMC was to ensure those affected by cluster munitions were able to play a key role in shaping the outcome of the campaign and the international treaty it has brought about. This has been demonstrated by affected states such as Lebanon and Laos, who were at the forefront of the diplomatic negotiations, as well as the active roles played within the CMC by individual survivors of cluster bombs (such as Branislav Kapetanovic and others involved with the Ban