to steer and block legislation in the House and Senate, and reduced the institutional benefits of being loyal to the Democratic Party. Many surviving Southern Democrats switched parties and became Republicans after that party gained a majority in 1995. The "Republican Revolution" in 1994, Republicans took control of most conservative Southern districts, replacing many conservative Democratic congressmen with Republicans. A few Democratic Congressmen switched parties. Thus the Southern Democratic element of the conservative coalition gradually faded and the era of the conservative coalition ended. However, many conservative Democrats continued to serve in the Congress until 2010. Main members Representative Leslie C. Arends (R–IL) Senator Josiah Bailey (D–NC) Senator John W. Bricker (R–OH) Senator Harry F. Byrd (D–VA) Senator Robert Byrd (D–WV) Senator Everett Dirksen (R–IL) Vice President John Nance Garner (D–TX) Senator Barry Goldwater (R–AZ) Senator Richard Russell Jr. (D–GA) Representative Howard W. Smith (D–VA) Senator Robert A. Taft (R–OH) Senator Strom Thurmond (D–SC; later R–SC) Representative Carl Vinson (D–GA) Senator Joseph McCarthy (R–WI) Representative Howard Buffett (R–NE) Senator William F. Knowland (R–CA) Representative Charles A. Halleck (R–IN) See also American Liberty League Democratic Study Group Court Packing Plan New Deal coalition Solid South Southernization References Further reading Caro, Robert A. The Years of Lyndon Johnson: vol 3: Master of the Senate (2002). Carson, Jamie L. "Electoral and Partisan Forces in the Roosevelt Era: The US Congressional Elections of 1938." Congress & the Presidency 28#2 (2001) 161–183 https://doi.org/10.1080/07343460109507751 Domhoff, G. William, and Michael J. Webber. Class and Power in the New Deal: Corporate Moderates, Southern Democrats, and the Liberal-Labor Coalition (2011)| Fite, Gilbert. Richard B. Russell, Jr, Senator from Georgia (2002) Goldsmith, John A. Colleagues: Richard B. Russell and His Apprentice, Lyndon B. Johnson. (1993) Hill, Rebecca. "The History of the Smith Act and the Hatch Act: Anti-Communism and the Rise of the Conservative Coalition in Congress." in Little ‘Red Scares’ (Routledge, 2016) pp. 315-346. Jenkins, Jeffery A. and Nathan W. Monroe. "Negative Agenda Control and the Conservative Coalition in the U.S. House" Journal of Politics (2014). 76#4, pp. 1116–27. doi:10.1017/S0022381614000620 Katznelson, Ira, Kim Geiger and Daniel Kryder. "Limiting Liberalism: The Southern Veto in Congress, 1933–1950," Political Science Quarterly Vol. 108, No. 2 (Summer, 1993), pp. 283–306 in JSTOR MacNeil, Neil. Forge of Democracy: The House of Representatives (1963) Malsberger, John W. From Obstruction to Moderation: The Transformation of Senate Conservatism, 1938–1952 (2000) online edition Manley, John F. "The Conservative