algorithms systems and concepts fundamental to the science and technology of the WWW. Some of the highlights include: In 1997, Broder led the development of the first practical solution for finding near-duplicate documents on web-scale using "shingling" to reduce the problem to a set-intersection problem and "min-hashing" or to construct "sketches" of sets. This was a pioneering effort in the area of locality-sensitive hashing. In 1998, he co-invented the first practical test to prevent robots from masquerading as human and access web sites, often referred to as CAPTCHA. In 2000, Broder, then at AltaVista, together with colleagues from IBM and DEC SRC, conducted the first large-scale analysis of the Web graph, and identified the bow-tie model of the web graph. Around 2001–2002, Broder published an opinion piece where he qualified the differences between classical information retrieval and Web search and introduced a now widely accepted classification of web queries into navigational, information, and transactional. Awards and honors He is a fellow of the Association for Computing Machinery, National Academy of Engineering and the IEEE. He was one of the recipients of the 2012 ACM Paris Kanellakis Award for his work on w-shingling and min-hashing, and he won this award again in 2020, together with Yossi Azar, Anna Karlin, Michael Mitzenmacher, and Eli Upfal for their work on the power of two choices. References External links 1953 births Living people Scientists from Bucharest Yahoo! employees IBM employees American technology chief executives American computer businesspeople American computer scientists American people of Romanian-Jewish descent Israeli computer scientists Israeli emigrants to the United States Stanford University alumni Technion – Israel Institute of Technology alumni Fellows of the Association for Computing Machinery Romanian emigrants to Israel