to previous Windows versions owing to the boot loader caching file and directory metadata sequentially and in large chunks in a most recently used manner, overlapping device and network initialization, faster boot disk enumeration and class drivers being initialized asynchronously. Hibernation is faster as memory pages are compressed using an improved algorithm, compression is overlapped with disk writes, unused memory pages are freed and DMA transfers are used during I/O. Faster resume from standby as the algorithm used by the Power Manager for notifying hardware and software of power state changes by dispatching power IRPs has been rewritten to maximize parallelism, important system drivers (PCMCIA, keyboard, mouse) have been rewritten to eliminate blocking interactions, and worker thread stacks are locked in memory to prevent interruptions with power operations. Built-in support for processor power management technologies such as Intel SpeedStep and AMD PowerNow!. Audio hardware support Support for audio devices based on the Intel High Definition Audio specification by means of a Universal Audio Architecture (UAA) class driver. Multichannel audio output and playback of additional audio formats. Volume can be set for each speaker in a multichannel configuration. KMixer audio sampling rate supports a maximum of 200 kHz beginning with Windows XP SP1 compared to earlier versions of Windows. Restriction on number of MME/WinMM device interfaces (waveIn, waveOut, midiIn, midiOut, mixer, and aux) is raised from 10 to 32. Hardware acceleration of DirectSound capture effects These include Acoustic Echo Cancellation for USB microphones, noise suppression and array microphone support. USB audio devices support GFX (Global Effects Filters). Sound Blaster 2.0 emulation support in NTVDM Windows XP sets the volume levels on wave, CD Audio and MIDI sliders to 0 dB of attenuation. This prevents signal resolution degradation. Other hardware and driver improvements Details tab in Device Manager which displays various device identification strings such as device instance ID, hardware ID, service name, filters, firmware revision, power state mappings and capabilities etc. Windows XP's user interface for Plug and Play changed with all messages being shown in the notification area as balloon tips. The read-only attribute of files and folders is automatically removed when copying files from optical media using Windows Explorer. Improved mouse pointer ballistics. DualView for multi-monitor setups. DualView allows two monitors to host the Windows desktop, while being driven off of a single display adapter. Support for reading UDF 2.01 upgradeable to UDF 2.50 by installing Windows Feature Pack