using small molecule donors like acetyl phosphate. Phylogenetic footprinting Phylogenetic footprinting is a technique that utilizes multiple sequence alignments to determine locations of conserved sequences such as regulatory elements. Along with multiple sequence alignments, phylogenetic footprinting also requires statistical rates of conserved and non-conserved sequences. Using the information provided by multiple sequence alignments and statistical rates, one can identify the best conserved motifs in the orthologous regions of interest. References External links Plant Transcription Factor Database http://www.news-medical.net/life-sciences/Gene-Expression-Techniques.aspx http://www.britannica.com/science/regulator-gene https://www.boundless.com/biology/textbooks/boundless-biology-textbook/gene-expression-16/regulation-of-gene-expression-111/prokaryotic-versus-eukaryotic-gene-expression-453-11678/ Gene expression