would switch to UnionPay after Visa and Mastercard said they would suspend operations in Russia due to Russia's invasion of Ukraine. The Russian banks intend to tie the UnionPay system with Russia's Mir network. On 20 April 2022, UnionPay reportedly discontinued cooperation with major Russian banks including Sberbank. Russian media outlet RBC stated that they did so out of fear of secondary sanctions. In August 2022, it was reported that Russian visitors to Finland were circumventing banking restrictions by withdrawing Euros from Finnish cash machines using UnionPay cards. Members UnionPay is the primary network of these Chinese banks: Agricultural Bank of China Bank of China (including its Hong Kong-based subsidiaries Nanyang Commercial Bank and BOC Hong Kong) Bank of Communications (Credit cards ) Bank of Beijing Bank of Ningbo Bank of Shanghai China CITIC Bank China Construction Bank China Everbright Bank China Merchants Bank China Minsheng Banking Corporation Guangdong Development Bank Huaxia Bank (Credit cards co-issued with Deutsche Bank) Industrial and Commercial Bank of China (ICBC) Industrial Bank (Credit cards co-issued with Hang Seng Bank) Ping An Bank Postal Savings Bank of China (formerly known as the China Postal Savings and Remittance Bureau) Shanghai Pudong Development Bank Taizhou City Commercial Bank Other UnionPay-affiliated organisations include municipal commercial banks as well as rural credit cooperatives. Overall, there are 165 financial institutions that issue UnionPay cards. UnionPay had partnered with JETCO in Hong Kong and Macau until 1 January 2006. As of January 2013, Bank of East Asia and Citibank were the only banks allowed to independently issue UnionPay credit cards in Hong Kong and the mainland. HSBC and its subsidiary Hang Seng Bank independently issue UnionPay credit cards in Hong Kong, while they issue cards in the mainland in cooperation with local banks as noted above. Deutsche Bank only has co-issued cards, with no independently issued UnionPay credit cards. The following eleven foreign banks have the right to issue UnionPay debit cards in China: Bank of China (Hong Kong) Bank of East Asia Citibank DBS Bank (as of July 2009) Hana Bank (as of November 2009) Hang Seng Bank HSBC OCBC Bank (as of 2010) OCBC Wing Hang Bank (as of 2010) Standard Chartered Bank Woori Bank (as of May 2009) UnionPay in other countries: AGD Bank offers a UnionPay debit card in Myanmar Askari Bank offers a UnionPay debit card in Pakistan Australia Post, previously distributed the "Load&Go China" card,