and of Seir. Judah ha-Levi (1140) was the author of the Zionide beginning: Zion, wilt thou not send a greeting to thy captives, Who greet thee as the remnant of thy flocks? From West to East, from North to South, a greeting, From far and near, take thou on all sides. A greeting sends the captive of desire, who sheds his tears Like dew on Hermon; would they might fall on thy hills. Besides this song, which has been translated into nearly all European languages in prose and in verse, Judah wrote several shorter songs, chief of which are ("My heart is in the East, although I am at the end of the West") and Sigh, O Jerusalem; and shed thy tears, O Zion. Various authors Among other medieval writers of this class may be mentioned Abraham ibn Ezra, who composed the Zionide ("O God, who art enthroned in the East, appease the mourning dove"); Judah al-Ḥarizi (13th century), author of the song ("Peace be to the city of Salem Jerusalem"); and Israel Najara (16th century), who wrote the song ("May the flower of salvation bloom like a palm"). In more modern times Samuel David Luzzatto wrote: ("My heart, my heart is full of pain; see, my grief is an ancient one"); Equally well known is Joseph Almanzi's ("From all corners comes rejoicing on the day of celebration to God, who is good"). The most prominent Hebrew poets have written Zionides, among the number being M. S. Rabener, Micah Levisohn, Judah Loeb Gordon, S. Mandelkern, M. M. Dolitzky, and N. H. Imber. Countless songs have been produced under the influence of Zionism: of these may be mentioned the song adopted by all the Zionists of the world as their national song, and beginning with the words "There, where a slender cedar kisses the clouds"; the song of the academic society Kadimah in Austria, "Knowest thou whence freedom comes"?; the song of the united Zionists, "Sluchajcie bracia gueśni tij"; and "Hatikva" (Hope), composed by N. H. Imber, which has the refrain: ("Our hope has not yet gone, the old hope to return to the land of our fathers, to the city where David lived"). Bibliography Kinnor Tziyyon, Warsaw, 1900 (collection of all the Zionides from the oldest times to the present day [Hebr.]) Yevreiskyie Motivy, Grodno, 1900 Heinrich Loewe, Liederbuch für Jüdische Vereine, Cologne, 1898 Jacobs, Jewish Ideals, p. 131 References