out his official duties, or acting outside of them. A famous example of such a removal was the case of Idaho v. Lon Horiuchi, alleged to have committed manslaughter of Vicki Weaver in the Ruby Ridge encounter. Removal of cases involving federal agencies or federal officers Removal jurisdiction in cases involving federal agencies or officers who are named as defendants in civil suits or criminally prosecuted is also governed by , known as the federal-officer removal statute, as opposed to removal under . The primary difference between the two statutes is that in the wording of section 1442, the law provides that in the case of federal agencies or officers, the federal district court need not otherwise have subject-matter jurisdiction over the type of case presented so long as the federal officer was acting under color of office in a civil matter, or in a criminal matter, was acting under authority granted by Congress for apprehension of criminals or collection of monies. Under section 1446, on the other hand, there must be federal subject-matter jurisdiction to justify removal. The Supreme Court case BP P.L.C. v. Mayor and City Council of Baltimore (2021) resolved a circuit split on how appellette sources may review challenges to federal-officer removal orders. Timeliness of removal When defendants want to remove, they ordinarily must do so within 30 days of receiving the complaint, "through service or otherwise", under (b). An exception applies if diversity jurisdiction, and thus removal jurisdiction, is lacking at the time of the initial pleading in state court, but becomes available within a year after initiation of the suit. In such case, defendants may remove under 28 U.S.C. §1446(b) (second paragraph). For example, a federal court would not initially have removal jurisdiction over claims under state law brought by a Texas citizen against another Texas citizen and a New York citizen. However, should the Texas defendant be dropped from the claim, the New York citizen can remove if one year has not passed since the initiation of the suit. Some courts permit equitable tolling of the one-year limitation of §1446(b) if the original complaint was an attempt in bad faith to evade federal jurisdiction. Defendants may remove state law claims for which a federal court has only supplemental jurisdiction, if they share a common nucleus of operative fact with claims based on federal law. The federal court has the discretion to accept the