that Julius mistook her for Ludwig when she was, actually, the murderer of his sister. Her nickname is the Massacre Queen. Ludwig's Father: The King, mostly a comic relief due to his arguments with his son Ludwig and his fear of his wife, queen Almaberga. Petronella: A powerful witch that posed as Julius' mother and made herself known as a mistress of the King in his court. She actually took in Julius when he was exiled from the kingdom and taught him the arts of witchcraft, hoping to use him as a way to become queen herself. It is quite ironic that she never knew that the true queen never actually died or vanished, but was just waging war in nearby countries. Development Ludwig Kakumei is a parody of fairy tales. Kaori Yuki conceived the idea for the manga after considering the traditional role of princes within fairy tales: she remarked that in the majority of fairy tales, "the princes do nothing, they are not very interesting, and that was exactly something that I wanted to revolutionize." The fairy tales alluded to throughout the series include the versions of "Snow White" and "Rapunzel", as collected by the Grimm Brothers, and Charles Perrault's "Bluebeard" and "Cinderella". Yuki also altered some aspects of the fairy tales. Yuki's Snow White, for example, is revealed in a plot twist to be wicked, because Yuki could not reconcile how a kind-hearted maiden could order her stepmother to dance herself to death. Media Manga Written and illustrated by Kaori Yuki, the series debuted in the January 1999 issue of the manga magazine Melody. Subsequent chapters appeared occasionally in Hana to Yume Step and Hana to Yume, and the series later transferred to the monthly Bessatsu Hana to Yume in the September 2006 issue and concluded in the September 2007 issue. Hakusensha collected the chapters in four bound volumes and published them from June 18, 2004, to December 18, 2007. Ludwig Revolution has been translated into other languages, including Chinese by Culturecom Comics, German by Carlsen Comics, and French by Editions Tonkam. A sequel, , began with a stand-alone chapter in the February 2012 issue of Bessatsu Hana to Yume, and continued with a mini-series, which appeared in the same manga magazine from the July 2013 issue to the September 2013 issue. Hakusensha collected the chapters into a bound volume and published on 18 October 2013. The