water quality generally seemed to be satisfactory. Water temperatures of Kashan’s famous Qanat of Chashmeh-i Soleiman amidst the July heat is typically around 25 degrees Celsius. Furthermore, ab anbars tend to further lower the temperature of the water due to the fascinating heat resistance properties of the construction material used. Near freezing temperatures of the water can readily be observed in the desert central city of Naeen during summer, inside an ab anbar that employs multiple windcatchers. Thus the Qanat/ab anbar system was easily able to supply the needs of many growing cities (such as medieval Qazvin) year round. Location Public ab anbars were often built wherever demand dictated. But factors such as accessibility of ab anbars to karizes, ease of accessibility of the public to the ab anbars, and a homogeneous density of the ab anbars in each area determined the size and location of an ab anbar. As an example, in terms of network coverage, one could classify the karizes of Qazvin into three groups: Northwest karizes. The major ones were: Kariz of Khomar e Tashi (a famous vizier). Kariz of Akhund Kariz of Shah North Karizes. The major ones being: Kariz of Halal Abad Kariz of Asghar Khani Kariz of Teifuri Kariz of Khiyaban Northeast karizes. The major ones being: Kariz of Hatambeig Khatuni Kariz of Mirza Rasuli Kariz of Agha Jalali Kariz of Sheikh Ahmadi Each of these karizes covered a specific neighborhood and often further branched into sub-karizes as they went along serving private and public ab anbars. Yet most ab anbars ended up being located in proximity or adjacent to commercial, religious, or other public places of interest. Many ab anbars would be located at busy intersections. Unfortunately the urban fabric of many cities in early 20th century Iran has changed dramatically over the years. Hence the ab anbars today seem to be situated out of place. Preservation In Qazvin, which was once dubbed as the city of ab anbars, today less than 10 ab anbars remain intact from the destructive forces of hasty modern urban development. Of the other 100 or so ab anbars that used to be scattered throughout Qazvin, only parts (such as the steps, the entrance, or the storage) remain. Most have been destroyed by housing projects and private developers. In Qazvin, none are functional anymore. However ab anbars continue to be used in some areas in rural Yazd and