2000, to the departure of Zinedine Zidane in 2006. The first Pérez era brought: Luís Figo – signed in 2000 for €60 million from Barcelona. Claude Makélélé – signed in 2000 for €14 million from Celta. Zinedine Zidane – signed in 2001 for €73.5 million from Juventus. Ronaldo – signed in 2002 for €45 million from Inter. David Beckham – signed in 2003 for €37.5 million from Manchester United. Michael Owen – signed in 2004 for €9 million from Liverpool. Robinho – signed in 2005 for €24 million from Santos. Sergio Ramos – signed in 2005 for €27 million from Sevilla. Several other players were often considered to be a part of the galácticos legacy due to their influence on the team during that period, despite being signed previously to the reign of Pérez, or being graduates of the youth system. These included: Fernando Hierro – signed pre-Pérez in 1989 for €1 million from Valladolid. Raúl – graduated from youth system in 1994. Guti – graduated from youth system in 1995. Roberto Carlos – signed pre-Pérez in 1996 for €3.5 million from Inter. Fernando Morientes – signed pre-Pérez in 1997 for €6.6 million from Zaragoza. Iván Helguera – signed pre-Pérez in 1999 for €4.5 million from Espanyol. Míchel Salgado – signed pre-Pérez in 1999 for €11 million from Celta. Steve McManaman – signed pre-Pérez in 1999 for free-transfer from Liverpool. Iker Casillas – graduated from youth system in 1999. 2000–2006: Pérez's presidency Though Real Madrid had already won two European Cups in 1998 and 2000 under the presidency of Lorenzo Sanz, Sanz lost his re-election bid to Pérez. Pérez won by promising an aggressive new transfer policy and expensive new signings, in particular, Luís Figo from rivals Barcelona. Pérez then sold the club's training ground, the Ciudad Deportiva, for €480 million, allowing Real to clear debts, and build a replacement training complex at a fraction of the cost. It also allowed for significant funds to be used for player transfers. The deal to sell the complex was later investigated by the EU on illegal-competition grounds, however, no charges were brought. After the purchase of Figo for €62 million, a world-record transfer fee, Pérez sought to buy at least one world-class superstar player (dubbed a galáctico) each summer. The record was broken a year later by the purchase of Zinedine Zidane from Juventus for €75 million. After a demand for youth