signals associated with hostility include piloerection and tail lashing. These tend to follow back arching and are often used as scare tactics. Facial expressions observed in these species include partial and complete shutting of the eyes, protrusion of the lips and baring of the teeth which is usually followed by smacking of the lips. Infants are usually transferred and tended to by the males. Females only lick and nurse the infants. The adult males are responsible for carrying the infants except when the young is being nursed or licked. Sometimes the juvenile transfers itself from adult to adult, especially when the two adults are close to each other. There is a close association between males and juvenile after the juvenile becomes self-locomoting. References Further Reading Macmillan Illustrated Animal Encyclopedia American Society of Mammalogists. Mammalian species number 112. By Clyde Jones and Sydney Anderson External links Primate Info Net Callicebus moloch Factsheet red-bellied titi Mammals of Brazil Endemic fauna of Brazil red-bellied titi Taxa named by Johann Centurius Hoffmannsegg