once more and transferred to the Army of the Rhine. He participated with distinction in the Battle of Engen (3 May 1800), Battle of Messkirch (5 June 1800), Battle of Höchstädt (19 June 1800) and Battle of Hohenlinden (3 December 1800). In the last action he was so successful that General Moreau recommended him to Napoleon to receive the rank of brigadier general, which he was given. Napoleonic Wars When Napoleon took power, Lamarque served in the Napoleonic army. He fought at the Battle of Austerlitz. He then followed Marshal Masséna to support Joseph Bonaparte in Italy, and he participated in the siege of Gaeta. Joseph Bonaparte appointed Lamarque his Chief of Staff in 1807, with the rank of major general. When Joachim Murat took over from Joseph Bonaparte, Lamarque was sent to consolidate his position by capturing Capri from the British commanded by Hudson Lowe. In a bold attack, Lamarque took the British by surprise. After a hard-fought battle he succeeded in taking the island. In Italy, he led one of six armies under the command of Napoleon's adopted son Eugène de Beauharnais. At Lobau, as a member of the Grande Armée under Napoleon, he took part in the Battle of Wagram, during which he had four horses shot from under him. In 1810, he was created a baron of the French Empire. Thereafter he was transferred to Spain to support Joseph Bonaparte who had been made king of Spain by his brother, but who was slowly forced to retreat by the rebellious Spanish and the British under Wellington. When Napoleon was exiled to Elba in 1814, Lamarque remained loyal to him, returning to the emperor's service during the Hundred Days. While Napoleon marched to Belgium to deal with the British and Prussian armies, Lamarque commanded a division of ten thousand men against a Royalist uprising in La Vendée under General Canuel. At the Battle of Rocheserviere Lamarque defeated the rebellion, but the victory was nullified by Napoleon's own defeat at the Battle of Waterloo. Napoleon was later to praise Lamarque's efforts highly: "Lamarque, whom I sent there at the height of the crisis, performed wonders, and even surpassed my hopes." Later life After Waterloo, Napoleon was again exiled from France. Lamarque also went into exile, returning in 1818 and becoming politically active as a leftist. During this period he devoted his fortune to buying land and modern agricultural