refused to recognize Miranda's dictatorial powers and his appointment of a commandant general. By the middle of the month many of the outlying areas of Cumaná Province had also defected to the royalists. Taking advantage of these circumstances a Spanish marine frigate captain, Domingo Monteverde, based in Coro, was able to turn a small force under his command into a large army, as people joined him on his advance towards Valencia. Miranda was left in charge of only a small area of central Venezuela. In these dire circumstances the republican government had appointed Miranda generalissimo, with broad political powers. By mid-July Monteverde had taken Valencia, and Miranda thought the situation was hopeless and started negotiations with Monteverde. On 25 July 1812 Miranda and Monteverde finalized a capitulation in which the former republican areas would recognize the Cortes of Cádiz. The First Republic had come to an end. Monteverde's forces entered Caracas on 1 August. Provinces Mérida Province Trujillo Province Caracas Province Barinas Province Barcelona Province Cumaná Province Margarita Province See also Captaincy General of Venezuela Venezuelan Declaration of Independence Second Republic of Venezuela Third Republic of Venezuela Gran Colombia Venezuela References Bibliography In English: Lynch, John. The Spanish American Revolutions, 1808–1821, 2nd ed. New York: W. W. Norton, 1986. McKingley, P. Michael. Pre-Revolutionary Caracas: Politics, Economy, and Society, 1777–1811. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985. Rodríguez O., Jaime E. The Independence of Spanish America. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998. Stoan, Stephen K. Pablo Morillo and Venezuela, 1815–1820. Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 1959. In Spanish: Fundación Polar. "Primera República", Diccionario de Historia de Venezuela, Vol. 3. Caracas: Fundacíon Polar, 1997. Parra-Pérez, Caracciolo. Historia de la Primera República de Venezuela. Caracas: Biblioteca de la Academia Nacional de la Historia,1959. Colonial Venezuela Venezuelan War of Independence History of Venezuela 1811 in the Viceroyalty of New Granada 1812 in the Viceroyalty of New Granada States and territories established in 1811 States and territories disestablished in 1812 1811 establishments in Venezuela 1812 disestablishments in Venezuela 1811 establishments in the Viceroyalty of New Granada 1812 disestablishments in the Viceroyalty of New Granada