final report, the commission recommended in 2009 that poor countries already suffering from the impact of climate change urgently need up to $2 billion to help adjust and cope. In September 2009, Carlsson led, together with Karel De Gucht, European Commissioner for Humanitarian Aid and Civil Protection, a delegation to Zimbabwe for discussions with President Robert Mugabe. This was to discuss the lifting of targeted EU sanctions against him and more than 200 of his political allies and related businesses. He and his Zanu-PF party have for years loudly argued that these measures are directly responsible for Zimbabwe's economic collapse. The EU team did not buy that argument, and would not even put the sanctions issue on the negotiating table at that time, according to a BBC report. As the Swedish Riksdag convened after the summer on 17 September 2013, Prime Minister Fredrik Reinfeldt announced that Carlsson had submitted her resignation and he had accepted the resignation earlier that morning. Subsequently, she resigned her seat in the Swedish Riksdag. Career in international development In her final year as minister from 2012 until 2013, Carlsson served – alongside Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, David Cameron and others – on the High-level Panel on Post-2015 Development Agenda, an advisory board established by United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon to develop the global development agenda beyond 2015, the target date for the Millennium Development Goals. Following her resignation, Carlsson served alongside Tertius Zongo and Callisto Madavo on the African Development Bank’s three-member High Level Panel on Fragile States between 2013 and 2014, where she advised on strategies related to the Horn of Africa. Between 2013 and 2015, she was a member of the UNAIDS–Lancet Commission on Defeating AIDS, chaired by Joyce Banda, Nkosazana Dlamini Zuma and Peter Piot. In 2017, United Nations Secretary-General António Guterres appointed Carlsson as the UNAIDS deputy executive director, management and governance, and Assistant Secretary-General of the United Nation. Following Michel Sidibé’s resignation, she briefly served as executive director ad interim from May until August 2019. Other activities Corporate boards Tundra Fonder, Member of the Board of Directors (since 2017) Annexin Pharmaceuticals, Member of the Board of Directors NGS Group AB, Independent Member of the Board of Directors (since 2015) IFS AB, Independent Member of the Board of Directors (2015-2016) Internationella Engelska Skolan (IES), Member of the Board (2017-2019) Non-profit organizations Africa Europe Foundation (AEF), Member of the High-Level Group of Personalities