marking failed to reveal a consistent pattern and that there is no difference in the pattern of scent marking between exclusive and overlap areas rather that the distribution of scent-marking was correlated with the intensity of home-range use. Although scent marking may not be primarily as a mechanism for defending their territory, it does serve a purpose to neighboring groups and intruders, as the territory of brown-mantled tamarins overlaps the territory of many other primates, scent marking is a strategy used to communicate with other groups to reduce aggressive intergroup encounters. A secondary use of olfactory communication can be found for reproductive functions where females will release certain pheromones within their territory to convey their reproductive status as a way to find a mating partner or to prevent other females within the group from breeding. It has been found that males within the group may deposit his own scent mark over the secretions of females as a strategy to claim the female as his copulation partner. Generally, these glandular secretions will be deposited on branches or trees but can occasionally be deposited on other primates known as allomarking. Breeding Groups of brown-mantled tamarins typically involve two or more adult males and a single reproductive female. It is common within this species that the dominant female births twins which are cared for by all group members. Polyandry is more common within groups of brown-mantled tamarins because of the high frequency of twin births making it difficult for the mother to take care of her offspring's at once, as a result, alloparenting highly prevails where nonreproductive helpers and polyandrous males aid with infant care. The breeding male typically carries the infants until they are 90 days old, only passing them back to their mother for feeding. The gestation period for this species is roughly 150 days and babies are not fully weaned from their mothers until 3–4 months and reach maturity at the age of 2. Conservation status The brown mantled tamarin is listed as Least-concern species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) but is slowly becoming in danger of extinction through destruction of habitat for logging or clearing of land for farming, poaching and being captured for the illegal pet trade. References Further reading Dunbar (1995). "The mating system of callitrichid primates: II. The impact of helpers." Animal Behaviour, 50: 1071–1089. Goldizen (1987). "Facultative polyandry and the role