Banderites (Banderivtsi). After 1938 Melnyk and Bandera were recruited into the Nazi Germany military intelligence Abwehr for espionage, counter-espionage and sabotage. The Abwehr goal was to run diversion activities after Germany's planned attack on the Soviet Union. Melnik was given the code name 'Consul I'. This information is part of the testimony that Abwehr Colonel Erwin Stolze gave on 25 December 1945 and submitted to the Nuremberg trials, with a request that it be admitted as evidence. After the June 1941 German invasion of the Soviet Union, Melnyk declared his own independent Ukrainian government in Rivne, competing with Bandera supporters for influence in western Ukraine. Initially, Melnyk's more conservative and moderate supporters enjoyed support against Bandera's radicals both from the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church and from German military authorities. However, his position was contradictory. A conservative Catholic who maintained the officer's personal code of honor, Melnyk was at odds with aspects of the ideology of his own organization. His reluctance to assert dominance or to engage in a ruthless pursuit of power disadvantaged him versus his younger and more violent rivals in the Bandera camp. Many of Melnyk's close associates were killed by Bandera's Ukrainian Insurgent Army between 1941 and 1944 and Bandera's movement came to dominate the Ukrainian nationalist political milieu in most of western Ukraine. In 1944 Melnyk was briefly imprisoned by the Gestapo during a crackdown against the Ukrainian independence movement. After the war, Melnyk escaped to the West and lived in Luxembourg, West Germany, and Canada. He remained politically active and headed a number of Ukrainian émigré organizations. He died in Clervaux, Luxembourg, at the age of 73, and was buried at Bonnevoie cemetery, Luxembourg. In late 2006, the Lviv city administration announced the future transfer of the tombs of Andriy Melnyk, Yevhen Konovalets, Stepan Bandera and other key leaders of the OUN and UPA to a new area of Lychakivskiy Cemetery specifically dedicated to the Ukrainian national-liberation struggle. However this was not implemented. See also History of Ukraine Stepan Bandera Notes References Andrii Melnyk biography in Encyclopaedia of Ukraine "The History we don't know. Or don't care to know?" [Історія, якої не знаємо. Чи не хочемо знати?], available online 1890 births 1964 deaths Austro-Hungarian military personnel of World War I Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists politicians People from Lviv Oblast People from the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria Sachsenhausen concentration camp survivors Ukrainian Austro-Hungarians Ukrainian collaborators