San Carlos is the name of a city and commune (Spanish: comuna) of Punilla Province in the Ñuble Region of Chile. Geography and agriculture San Carlos is a bustling market town located roughly in the center of Chile's agricultural heartland about south of Santiago, northeast of Concepción, the regional capital and north of Chillán, the provincial capital. It sits on an alluvial plain between nearby Chillán and the Perquilauquén river. The commune covers an area of . Its territory lies almost entirely within the fertile, central plain or "depresión intermedia", (Chilean Central Valley). Its countryside is reputed for its bountiful production of various crops as well as orchards (apple, grapes, berries, and more recently, kiwi). San Carlos is bordered on the west by the commune of Ninhue, on the north by Ñiquén and Cauquenes (the latter in Cauquenes Province), on the east by San Fabián, and on the south by San Nicolás, Chillán and Coihueco. Geographic Coordinates Altitude: Latitude: 36° 25' 60S Longitude: 72° 2' 60W Climate San Carlos has a mild Mediterranean climate. The summers are hot and mainly dry (November to March) with temperatures reaching up to on the months of December, January and February. Demography Today, San Carlos is the second most populous city of Ñuble Region. According to the 2002 census the population of the city was 29,359 (14,035 male, 15,324 female) while that of the commune of San Carlos was 50,088 (24,910 male, 25,178 female). Roughly, 62% of the population is urban and 38% is rural. According to recent estimations by SUBDERE, the commune has a population of 51,119 in 2006. Between the 1992 census and that of 2002, the population of San Carlos grew at a 4.1% rate (.41% annual rate). The commune encompasses a large number of villages, hamlets and other rural entities. Its second most populous locality, after San Carlos, is Cachapoal, with 1,164 residents in 2002 (578 male, 586 female). This village has been considered as "urban" in the 2002 census by the National Statistics Institute. History The city was founded by a Spaniard, don José Joaquín del Pino de Rozas y Negrete on July 3, 1800. On May 15, 1813, San Carlos was the setting for one of the most important battles of the Chilean War of Independence, the Battle of San Carlos, where the patriot army, led by general José Miguel Carrera defeated the royalist army. The outcome of