Spruces, Picea species, are used as food plants by the caterpillars of many species of Lepidoptera. The Database of the World's Lepidopteran Hostplants (HOSTS) lists over 1,000 species of Lepidoptera (See External links). A few examples are listed below: Batrachedridae Batrachedra pinicolella Crambidae Conogethes pinicolalis – recorded on Ezo spruce (P. jezoensis) Gelechiidae Chionodes species: C. continuella – recorded on white spruce (P. glauca) C. electella Geometridae Bupalus piniaria (bordered white) Ectropis crepuscularia (engrailed) Epirrita autumnata (autumnal moth) Eupithecia subfuscata (grey pug) – recorded on black spruce (P. mariana) Odontopera bidentata (scalloped hazel) – recorded on Norway spruce (P. abies) Operophtera brumata (winter moth) – recorded on Norway spruce (P. abies) Hepialidae Gazoryctra wielgusi Korscheltellus gracilis (conifer swift) – prefers red spruce (P. rubens), also recorded on white spruce (P. glauca) Lymantriidae Lymantria dispar (gypsy moth) – older larvae only Noctuidae Agrotis segetum (turnip moth) – recorded on Sitka spruce (P. sitchensis) Panolis flammea (pine beauty) Tortricidae Cydia duplicana – recorded on injured bark of Norway spruce (P. abies) Cydia illutana – recorded on Norway spruce (P. abies) and Siberian spruce (P. (a.) obovata) cone scales Syndemis musculana References External links Spruce +Lepidoptera