However, originally the word itself was not used. In the laws of Henry I of England forestalling was the crime of assault on the highway, an offence against the King's Peace. It acquired the meaning of the marketing offence through the distribution of the regulations of the Marshalsea whose officers were empowered by Edward I of England to regulate trade in the shires. In time these regulations became known as the Statute of Forestallers, though probably never passed by any formal process. The laws provided for heavy penalties against forestalling. In practice the normal penalty was a fine, or, for repeated cases, exposure in the pillory. The Act against Regrators, Forestallers and Ingrossers In 1552 Edward VI's Parliament passed an Act to regulate trade, saying in the preamble, as so often, that previous laws had proved inadequate (5 & 6 Edw VI c 12). The Act excluded from the penalties it imposed the purchase and sale "in open Fair or Market" of "corn, Fish, Butter or Cheese, by any such badger, Lader, Kidder, or Carrier" as was granted a licence by three justices of the peace from the county in which he dwelt. The Act touching Badgers of Corn and Drovers of Cattle, to be licensed Like its precursors this Act was perceived to be inadequate, so in 1562 the Parliament of Elizabeth I passed a further Act, tightening the regulation of badgers and drovers (5 Eliz. 1 c 12). The Act recited that "such a great Number of Persons seeking only to live easily, and to leave their honest Labour, have and do daily seek to be allowed and licensed ... being most unfit and unmet for those Purposes ... diminishing the Number of good and necessary Husbandmen". Under this Act a licence could only be granted under strict conditions. Badgers had to be male, resident in the shire for 3 years, householders, (have been) married, and 30 years of age, or more. Household servants or retainers could not apply. In addition to buy corn or grain out of market or fair to sell again, the licence had to contain "express words" allowing this. Licences could only be granted at quarter sessions, and by three justices, of whom one had to be of the Quorum. Each one had to sign and seal the licence. The licence could be granted for no more than a year, and all licences expired