e, i, o, u/. Three vowels /i, a, u/ are also pharyngealized as /iˤ, aˤ, uˤ/, and also have fronted allophones of [e, æ, œ]. Grammar Lak is one of the few North East Caucasian languages with verbal agreement for person. It generally only distinguishes between speech-act participants and non-speech-act participants. In other words, the first- and second-person agreement markers are the same. The free pronouns of Lak do distinguish first and second person. Writing systems The Lak language was written using the Arabic script until 1928. Afterwards it was written with a Latin alphabet for ten years, and since 1938 it has been written in Cyrillic. The Lak alphabet in Cyrillic initially included 48 letters and later 54 letters with double letters as "тт", "пп", "чч", "хьхь", etc.: References External links Lak Grammar by Wolfgang Schulze Transliteration of Lak Lak House – Lak culture and society site Lak words Northeast Caucasian languages Languages of Russia Vulnerable languages Dagestan Laks (Caucasus)