Apples (Malus species) are used as food plants by the caterpillars of a number of Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths). These include: Bucculatricidae Bucculatrix bechsteinella Bucculatrix pomifoliella Coleophoridae Several Coleophora case-bearers, such as: C. anatipennella – leaves – recorded on apple (M. pumila), and possibly others C. cerasivorella C. coracipennella C. hemerobiella C. malivorella C. paripennella – recorded on apple (M. pumila) C. pruniella C. sacramenta – recorded on apple (Malus pumila) C. serratella C. spinella (apple-and-plum case-bearer) Geometridae Agriopis marginaria (dotted border) Campaea margaritata (light emerald) Chloroclystis rectangulata (green pug) Colotois pennaria (feathered thorn) Ectropis crepuscularia (engrailed) Epirrita autumnata (autumnal moth) Epirrita dilutata (November moth) Erannis defoliaria (mottled umber) Eupithecia exiguata (mottled pug) Eupithecia pusillata (juniper pug) – Americas only Eupithecia subfuscata (grey pug) Gymnoscelis rufifasciata (double-striped pug) Hemithea aestivaria (common emerald) Odontopera bidentata (scalloped hazel) Operophtera brumata (winter moth) Opisthograptis luteolata (brimstone moth) Peribatodes rhomboidaria (willow beauty) – leaves Selenia tetralunaria (purple thorn) Hepialidae Phymatopus behrensii Lymantriidae Euproctis chrysorrhoea (brown-tail) Euproctis similis (yellow-tail) Lymantria dispar (gypsy moth) Noctuidae Acronicta psi (grey dagger) Acronicta tridens (dark dagger) Agrotis segetum (turnip moth) Amphipyra pyramidea (copper underwing) Cosmia trapezina (dun-bar) Eupsilia transversa (satellite) Mamestra brassicae (cabbage moth) Naenia typica (gothic) Orthosia cerasi (common Quaker) Orthosia gothica (Hebrew character) Phlogophora meticulosa (angle shades) Xestia c-nigrum (setaceous Hebrew character) Nolidae Nola cucullatella (short-cloaked moth) Notodontidae Ptilodon capucina (coxcomb prominent) Nymphalidae Limenitis arthemis (American white admiral/red-spotted purple) – recorded on apple (Malus pumila) Saturniidae Pavonia pavonia (emperor moth) Sphingidae Laothoe populi (poplar hawk-moth) Smerinthus jamaicensis (twin-spotted sphinx) – recorded on European wild apple (M. sylvestris) Tortricidae Enarmonia formosana (cherrybark tortrix) – recorded on apple bark Epiphyas postvittana (light brown apple moth) Yponomeutidae Yponomeuta malinellus (apple ermine) Argyresthia curvella (apple blossom tineid) – only known from apple blossoms and perhaps rotting apple wood Scythropia crataegella (hawthorn moth) – recorded on European wild apple (M. sylvestris) References Malus Malus