1920. He resumed work in the Menshevik party (which was abandoning hopes of co-operation with the Bolsheviks). In 1922 he protested against the death sentences passed against A.R. Gots and his co-defendants at the 'Trial of the Right SRs'. Shortly thereafter, Liber was himself arrested and sentenced to internal exile. It was the first of several arrests in the course of the next 15 years. His final arrest occurred in March 1937, at the height of the Purges. Reportedly he was shot in October of that year, together with Gots. However, Soviet sources deny this and claim that Gots lived until 1940, while Liber retired from politics, devoted himself to business and died of natural causes. References The Great Soviet Encyclopedia. Moscow, 1937. Shukman, H., The Blackwell Encyclopedia of the Russian Revolution. Oxford, 1988. Mendelsohn, E., Class Struggle in the Pale: The Formative Years of the Jewish Workers' Movement in Tsarist Russia. Cambridge (UK), 1970. Halpern, B., and J. Reinharz, 'Nationalism and Jewish Socialism: The Early Years.' Modern Judaism (1988) 8 (3), pp. 217–248 passim. Hertz, J.S. (ed.), Doyres Bundistn, 1 (1956), 196–225. Getzler, I., Martov: a Political Biography of a Russian Social Democrat. Cambridge, 1967. 1880 births 1937 deaths Politicians from Vilnius Lithuanian Jews Bundists Mensheviks People of the Russian Revolution Russian socialists Jewish socialists