army for up to three days before being overrun. Some NRA Divisions also managed to win minor victories in passes like Xifengkou and Gubeikou by using the ramparts to move soldiers from one sector to another in the Great Wall, just like the Ming dynasty soldiers before them. Aftermath On May 22, 1933, Chinese and Japanese representatives met at Tanggu, Tianjin, to negotiate an end of the conflict. The resulting Tanggu Truce created a demilitarized zone extending one hundred kilometers south of the Great Wall, which the Chinese army was prohibited from entering, thus greatly reducing the territorial security of China proper, whereas the Japanese were permitted to use reconnaissance aircraft or ground units to make sure that the Chinese complied. Furthermore, the Chinese government was forced to acknowledge the de facto independence of Manchukuo and the loss of Rehe. See also Events preceding World War II in Asia Jinan incident (May 1928) Huanggutun incident (Japanese assassination of the Chinese head of state Generalissimo Zhang Zuolin on 4 June 1928) Japanese invasion of Manchuria Mukden Incident (18 September 1931) January 28 Incident (Shanghai, 1932) Marco Polo Bridge Incident (7 July 1937) List of military engagements of the Second Sino-Japanese War Order of battle Operation Jehol Order of battle Defense of the Great Wall Baimaguan Fort Suiyuan campaign Chahar People's Anti-Japanese Army References Citations Sources External links Battles of the Great Wall The History of Battles of Imperial Japanese Tanks Jehol 1933 Japanese photos from Operation Nekka. "On Bended Knee". Time. January 23, 1933. "Bumps & Blood". Time. February 27, 1933. "War of Jehol". Time. March 6, 1933. "Two-Gun Tang". Time. March 6, 1933. "Glorious 16th". Time. March 13, 1933. Topographic maps Cheng-te nk50-11 SW Jehol Province, SE Chahar Province, NW Hebei Province (north of Beijing, Gubeikou Pass) Lin-yu nk50-12 S Jehol Province, NE Hebei Province, Great Wall to Shanhaikuan upper Luan River area Ch'ang-Li nj50-4 NE Hebei Luan River area Battles of the Second Sino-Japanese War Conflicts in 1933 Great Wall of China Military history of Manchuria History of Inner Mongolia 1933 in China 1933 in Japan Battles involving Manchukuo History of Zhangjiakou