of housing, roads, architecture or even agriculture all contribute to habitat loss for the brown titis. Other detrimental threats include transportation such as roads and utility/service lines where they may possibly be killed when traversing across, dams and water management use, agriculture and biological resource use - hunting and trapping. It is not typically hunted in Brazil. Although rare, when hunted, they are harvested as food for local populations. Conservation Status As of its last assessment in 2020, the brown titi was rated as vulnerable by the IUCN Red List. Current population trends for the species were reported as unknown. They are still currently listed as vulnerable with a decreasing population trend, however, their population is not severely fragmented. It is estimated that only about 250 mature individuals remain. Actions Current conservation efforts to protect this vulnerable species includes education and habitat protection. Education efforts have the species included in international legislation and they are subject to trade controls and international management. For their habitat protection, there are active conservation sites and there are individuals within protected areas. References brown titi Mammals of Brazil Endemic fauna of Brazil brown titi Taxa named by Johann Andreas Wagner