Gastrotheca is a genus of frogs in the family Hemiphractidae. They are found in Central America south of Costa Rica and in South America. Most species occur in the American Cordillera from southern Costa Rica to north-western Argentina. This genus makes up the bulk of marsupial frog diversity; formerly it was placed in the "Leptodactylidae" assemblage. Marsupial frogs are so-called because they possess a dorsal brood pouch. In some species the eggs are fertilized on the female's lower back, and are inserted in her pouch with the aid of the male's toes. The eggs remain in contact with the female's vascular tissue, which provides them oxygen. Gastrotheca guentheri (Guenther's marsupial frog) is the only known frog with true teeth in its lower jaw. Gastrotheca riobambae (Andean marsupial tree frog) is kept as pet and is used in scientific experiments. Gastrotheca gemma was additionally discovered in 2021. Species There are 74 species recognized in the genus Gastrotheca : Gastrotheca abdita Duellman, 1987 Gastrotheca aguaruna Duellman, Barley, and Venegas, 2014 Gastrotheca albolineata (Lutz and Lutz, 1939) Gastrotheca andaquiensis Ruiz-Carranza and Hernández-Camacho, 1976 Gastrotheca angustifrons (Boulenger, 1898) Gastrotheca antomia Ruiz-Carranza, Ardila-Robayo, Lynch, and Restrepo-Toro, 1997 Gastrotheca antoniiochoai (De la Riva and Chaparro, 2005) Gastrotheca aratia Duellman, Barley, and Venegas, 2014 Gastrotheca argenteovirens (Boettger, 1892) Gastrotheca atympana Duellman, Lehr, Rodríguez, and von May, 2004 Gastrotheca aureomaculata Cochran and Goin, 1970 Gastrotheca bufona Cochran and Goin, 1970 Gastrotheca carinaceps Duellman, Trueb, and Lehr, 2006 Gastrotheca christiani Laurent, 1967 Gastrotheca chrysosticta Laurent, 1976 Gastrotheca coeruleomaculatus (Werner, 1899) Gastrotheca cornuta (Boulenger, 1898) Gastrotheca cuencana Carvajal-Endara, Coloma, Morales-Mite, Guayasamin, Székely, and Duellman, 2019 Gastrotheca dendronastes Duellman, 1983 Gastrotheca dunni Lutz, 1977 Gastrotheca dysprosita Duellman, 2013 Gastrotheca elicioi Carvajal-Endara, Coloma, Morales-Mite, Guayasamin, Székely, and Duellman, 2019 Gastrotheca ernestoi Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920 Gastrotheca espeletia Duellman and Hillis, 1987 Gastrotheca excubitor Duellman and Fritts, 1972 Gastrotheca fissipes (Boulenger, 1888) Gastrotheca flamma Juncá and Nunes, 2008 Gastrotheca fulvorufa (Andersson, 1911) Gastrotheca galeata Trueb and Duellman, 1978 Gastrotheca gemma Venegas, García Ayachi, Echevarría, Paluh, Chávez-Arribasplata, Marchelie, & Catenazzi, 2021 Gastrotheca gracilis Laurent, 1969 Gastrotheca griswoldi Shreve, 1941 Gastrotheca guentheri (Boulenger, 1882) Gastrotheca helenae Dunn, 1944 Gastrotheca lateonota Duellman and Trueb, 1988 Gastrotheca litonedis Duellman and Hillis, 1987 Gastrotheca lojana Parker, 1932 Gastrotheca longipes (Boulenger, 1882) Gastrotheca marsupiata (Duméril and Bibron, 1841) Gastrotheca megacephala Izecksohn, Carvalho-e-Silva, and Peixoto, 2009 Gastrotheca microdiscus (Andersson, 1910) Gastrotheca monticola Barbour and Noble, 1920 Gastrotheca nebulanastes Duellman, Catenazzi, and Blackburn,