which resulted in their relative more Basal position compared to other East Asians. A review article in 2022 by Professor and historian Melinda A. Yang, concluded that the main Jōmon lineage is closely related to other populations on the "East- and Southeast Asian lineage" (ESEA), which descended from a source population in Mainland Southeast Asia, and gave rise to all modern East and Southeast Asian people, Indigenous peoples of Siberia, and Indigenous peoples of the Americas, as well as the ancient Hoabinhian lineage and the Tianyuan lineage, and which is distinct from the Australasian (AA) or West-Eurasian lineages. Paternal lineages It is thought that the haplogroups D-M55 (D1a2a) and C1a1 were frequent in Jōmon period people. O-M119 is also suggested to have been presented in at least some Jōmon period people. One 3,800 year old Jōmon man excavated from Rebun Island was found to belong to Haplogroup D1a2b1(D-CTS 220). Haplogroup D-M55 is found in about 35% and haplogroup C1a1 in about 6% of modern Japanese people. D-M55 is only found in Japanese (Ainu, Ryukyuans, and Yamato). Haplogroup C1a1 has been found in modern Japanese at a frequency of 6%. Elsewhere it was found at low frequency in Koreans, and northeast Chinese. Recently it was confirmed that the Japanese branch of haplogroup D-M55 is distinct and isolated from other D-branches since more than 53,000 years. The split between D1a2-M55 and D1a-F6251 (the latter of which is common in Tibetans, other Tibeto-Burmese groups, and Altaians, and has a moderate distribution in the rest of East Asia, Southeast Asia, and Central Asia) may have occurred near the Tibetan Plateau. A DNA study in 2019 suggests that haplogroup D-M55 increased to about 70% during the late Jōmon period, suggesting a population boom and bust shortly before the Yayoi migration. Another study similar concluded that D-M55 became the dominant haplogroup in Japan during the late Jōmon period. Maternal lineages MtDNA Haplogroup Jōmon people is characterized by the presence of haplogroups M7a and N9b. Studies published in 2004 and 2007 show the combined frequency of M7a and N9b observed in modern Japanese to be from 12~15% to 17% in mainstream Japanese. N9b is frequently found in the Hokkaido Jomons while M7a is found frequently in the Tohoku Jomons. However N9b is found at very low percent in the Kanto Jomons. M7a is estimated to share a most recent common ancestor with M7b'c, a clade whose members