oppose such unauthorized humanitarian interventions on the formal ground that they are simply illegal, or on the practical ground that such a right would only be ever used against weaker states by stronger states. This was specifically shown in the Ministerial Declaration of G-77 countries, in which 134 states condemned such intervention. Proponents have typically resorted to a claim that the right has developed as a new part of customary law. The use of non-military force There has been widespread debate about the significance of the phrasing of article 2(4), specifically about the use of the solitary word "force." There is a strain of opinion holding that whereas "armed attack" is referred to in article 51, the use of the word "force" in 2(4) holds a wider meaning, encompassing economic force or other methods of non-military coercion. Cyber-attacks, according to some frameworks such as the Schmitt analysis, could be seen in some cases as being a use of force. Although such measures may be banned by certain other provisions of the Charter, it does not seem possible to justify such a wide non-military interpretation of 2(4) in the light of subsequent state practice. This article covers the threat of force, which is not permissible in a situation where the use of actual armed force would not be. See also International law Just war theory Law of war Sources of international law Kosovo independence precedent References Further reading Barzilai, Gad and Efraim Inbar. "The Use of Force: Israeli Public Opinion on Military Options." Armed Forces & Society, October 1996; vol. 23: pp. 49–80. Hendrickson, Ryan C. "Clinton's Military Strikes in 1998: Diversionary Uses of Force?" Armed Forces & Society, January 2002; vol. 28: pp. 309–332. Stevenson, Charles A. "The Evolving Clinton Doctrine on the Use of Force." Armed Forces & Society, July 1996; vol. 22: pp. 511–535. Hendrickson, Ryan C. "NATO's Secretary General and the Use of Force: Willy Claes and the Air Strikes in Bosnia." Armed Forces & Society, October 2004; vol. 31: pp. 95–117. "Legality of the Threat or Use of Nuclear Weapons" International law Law of war states