in disease among the black bearded saki population living in small patches. This species also face a hunting problem for bushmeat and their tails used as dusters. Bearded sakis living in small forest fragments are limited in their dietary choices because of the reduced number of plant species present, and therefore consume species that those individuals inhabiting continuous forests would ignore. Shifts in feeding patterns occur where fragmentation has been accompanied by selective logging of species used by black bearded sakis as food. The ability to have a flexible diet and include seeds and unripe fruit helps this species survive in smaller forest fragments, but it appears that these conditions are unviable unless connectivity increases among the forest fragments and continuous forest in the landscape. The future survival of the black bearded saki will depend on adequate meta-population and habitat management. Habitat conservation is of top priority as this species has a particularly small range. The black bearded saki is considered the most endangered primate in the Amazon and is already locally extinct in a large portion of its original range. Future survival Studies performed at the Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project study area have recorded the changes in behavior caused in black bearded sakis by habitat fragmentation. Groups of black bearded saki living in 10 hectare fragments of isolated rainforest showed a lack of reproduction in a period of 3.5 years. This might be due to a lack of resources in these small isolated fragments of habitat. Smaller fragments of forest also result in higher population densities. The increased density of bearded saki monkeys in the small fragments may affect their health. Higher density groups living in forest fragments are more prone to parasites and disease than those others living in undisturbed areas. It is unknown if the species will be able to reproduce and achieve healthy populations in the smaller patches of fragmented forest they are forced to inhabit. References External links ARKive - Images and videos of Chiropotes satanas Sakis and uakaris Endemic fauna of Brazil Mammals of Brazil Mammals described in 1807 Taxa named by Johann Centurius Hoffmannsegg