Reform laws. Regardless, the liberal government of Benito Juárez, still resisted and fought the French and Mexican Imperial forces with the backing of the United States, whom after the end of the Civil War could now once again enforce the Monroe Doctrine. The French eventually withdrew in 1866, leading the monarchy to collapse in 1867. Former president Miguel Miramon, and conservative general Tomas Mejia would die alongside the Emperor, being executed by firing squad on June 19, 1867. Santiago Vidaurri, once Juarez' commander in the north during the Reform War had actually joined the imperialists, but he was captured and executed for his betrayal on July 8, 1867. Leonardo Marquez would once again escape, this time to Cuba, living until 1913 and publishing a defense of his role in the Empire. See also Cristero War Carlist Wars References Further reading Hamnett, Brian. Juárez. London: Longman 1994. Olliff, Donathan. Reforma Mexico and the United States: A Search for Alternatives to Annexation, 1854-1861. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press 1981. Powell, T.G. "Priests and Peasants in Central Mexico: Social Conflict during La Reforma". Hispanic American Historical Review 57(1997): 296-313. Sinkin, Richard. The Mexican Reform, 1855-1876: A Study in Liberal Nation Building''. Austin: Institute of Latin American Studies 1979. Conflicts in 1857 Conflicts in 1858 Conflicts in 1859 Conflicts in 1860 Conflicts in 1861 04 1857 in Mexico 1858 in Mexico 1859 in Mexico 1860 in Mexico 1861 in Mexico Civil wars involving the states and peoples of North America Second French intervention in Mexico Wars involving Mexico 19th century in Mexico Conservatism in Mexico Liberalism in Mexico Civil wars of the Industrial era