, the first and the last vowels could be backed to and the last vowel could be turned to . The second vowel could also be backed to or fronted to . Thus . See Arabic phonology. References Further reading Debasa, Ana Maria Carballeira, Charity and Poverty, in Muhammad in History, Thought, and Culture: An Encyclopedia oxf the Prophet of God (2 vols.), Edited by C. Fitzpatrick and A. Walker, Santa Barbara, ABC-CLIO, 2014, Vol. I, pp. 92–96. 1610691776 Oxford Islamic Studies On-line External Links Urdu Book about Islamic concept of Sadaqah مالی قربانی کا اسلامی تصور Islamic worship Islamic terminology Arabic words and phrases Alms in Islam