spent his life battling against the tide of intolerance". Honours Watt received the American Giorgio Levi Della Vida Medal and won, as its first recipient, the British Society for Middle Eastern Studies award for outstanding scholarship. Watt received an Honorary Doctorate from Aberdeen University. Views Watt believed that the Qur'an was divinely inspired but not infallibly true. Martin Forward, a 21st-century non-Muslim Islamic scholar, states: Carole Hillenbrand, a professor of Islamic History at the University of Edinburgh, states: His account of the origin of Islam met with criticism from other scholars such as John Wansbrough of the University of London's School of Oriental and African Studies, and Patricia Crone and Michael Cook, in their book Hagarism: The Making of the Islamic World (1977), and Crone's Meccan Trade and the Rise of Islam. However, Both Patricia Crone and Michael Cook have later suggested that the central thesis of the book "Hagarism" was mistaken because the evidence they had to support the thesis was not sufficient or internally consistent enough. Reception Pakistani academic, Zafar Ali Qureshi, in his book, Prophet Muhammad and His Western Critics: A Critique of W. Montgomery Watt and Others has criticized Watt as having incorrectly portrayed the life of Muhammad in his works. Qureshi's book was praised by Turkish academic İbrahim Kalın. Georges-Henri Bousquet has mocked Watt's book, Muhammad at Mecca, describing it as "A Marxist interpretation of the origins of Islam by an Episcopal clergyman." Selected works The faith and practice of al-Ghazālī (1953) Muhammad at Mecca (1953) Muhammad at Medina (1956) (online) Muhammad: Prophet and Statesman (1961) , a summary of the above two major works (online) Islamic Philosophy and Theology (1962) Islamic Political Thought (1968) Islamic Surveys: The Influence of Islam on Medieval Europe (1972) The Majesty That Was Islam (1976) What Is Islam? (1980) Muhammad's Mecca (1988) Muslim-Christian Encounters: Perceptions and Misperceptions (1991) Early Islam (1991) Islamic Philosophy And Theology (1987) Islamic Creeds (1994) History of Islamic Spain (1996) Islamic Political Thought (1998) Islam and the Integration of Society (1998) Islam: A Short History (1999) A Christian Faith For Today (2002) References External links Professor W. Montgomery Watt by Carole Hillenbrand W. Montgomery Watt: Muhammad, Prophet and Statesman "Sirat An-Nabi and the Orientalists" Criticism of some of Watt's works by Muhammad Mohar Ali Obituary by Charlotte Alfred. Edinburgh Middle East Report Online, a journal founded in Watt's former department. Winter 2006 Professor Watt's paper