Kolhapur has a sex ratio of 953 females for every 1000 males. 31.73% of the population lived in urban areas. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 13.01% and 0.78% of the population respectively. Kolhapur has one of the highest Human Development Index in India which stood at 0.770 in 2011. At the time of the 2011 Census of India, 89.16% of the population in the district spoke Marathi, 3.84% Hindi, 2.70% Urdu and 2.00% Kannada as their first language. Urdu and Kannada both had a decline in absolute numbers from 2001 to 2011. The district has three centres of tourism, the Mahlakshmi Temple and Karveer Peeth Jagadguru Shankaracharya Math in the city of Kolhapur and Jyotiba temple in Wadi Ratnagiri. Educational institutions The Kolhapur district has a good number of educational institutions that provide a range of educational programs - from KG to PG and beyond. The district has Shivaji University located in the city of Kolhapur. The university provides various master and Ph.D. level programs. Shivaji University covers three districts - Kolhapur, Sangli and Satara under its jurisdiction. Apart from the university, Kolhapur district has a number of other renowned educational institutions like CSIBER-Chhatrapati Shahu Institute of Business Education and Research, Rajaram College Kolhapur, Swami Vivekanand College Kolhapur, D. Y. Patil College of Engineering and Technology, Chhatrapati Shahu Maharaj Government Medical College, Mouni Vidyapeeth, KIT College of Engineering Kolhapur, etc. Kolhapur District is enriched in terms of the availability of quality education of all kinds. Economy Manufacturing industry Kolhapur has a Higher per capita domestic product than the states average. It has auto-ancillary, Foundry, and Casting industrial establishments which act as supporting industries for Pune and Bangalore industries. The city is the home of Kolhapuri chappal, a hand-crafted buffalo leather slipper that is locally tanned using vegetable dyes. Kolhapuri slippers are sold on Mahadwar road. Other handicrafts include: hand block printing of textiles; silver, bead and paste jewellery crafting; pottery; wood carving and lacquerware; brass sheet work and oxidised silver artwork;and lace and embroidery making. Kolhapur is also an industrial city with approximately 300 foundries producing exports with a value of 15 billion rupees per year. A manufacturing plant of Kirloskar Oil Engines [KOEL] is set up in 5 star MIDC at Kagal near Kolhapur, and the Raymond clothes plant is also located in the same industrial area. Kolhapur has two more industrial areas, Gokul-Shirgaon MIDC, Shiroli MIDC