Piscane's failed expedition anticipated the successful one carried out by Garibaldi several years later, and which fully achieved the aim of overthrowing the Bourbon Monarchy. Propaganda of the deed Pisacane was a pioneering advocate of propaganda of the deed, arguing that "ideas result from deeds, not the latter from the former, and the people will not be free when they are educated, but educated when they are free." He argued that violence was necessary not only to draw attention to, or generate publicity for, a cause, but also to inform, educate, and ultimately rally the masses behind the revolution. These ideas have exerted compelling influence on rebels and terrorist alike ever since. During the historical period known as Risorgimento, Pisacane represented the extreme left, and as a follower of French philosopher Pierre-Joseph Proudhon introduced anarchism in Italy. His essays, titled "Saggi" and "Testamento Politico", were published posthumously in France. He was an atheist. Benito Mussolini was heavily influenced by Pisacane's revolutionary ideas and ideals to achieve political goals. Arts and culture The landing is remembered in the poem by Luigi Mercantini, composed in the same year. This poem in turn inspired the title of the 1952 film about the landing, Eran trecento. It was also translated into English by Henry W. Longfellow with the title The Gleaner of Sapri. In August of every year Carlo Pisacane's landing is celebrated in a three-day festival in Sapri. Pisacane's expedition is referenced in Umberto Eco's The Cemetery of Prague (Chapter 5). References Further reading Carlo Pisacane. La Rivoluzione. Revolution: An alternative answer to the Italian question translated and introduced by Richard Mann Roberts. (2011) External links The Gleaner of Sapri 1818 births 1857 deaths 19th-century Neapolitan people Italian republicans Italian socialists Italian soldiers Italian people of the Italian unification Italian atheists Critics of the Catholic Church 1850s suicides People convicted of adultery