symbols in Linear B, and are transcribed as q. In Ancient Greek, all labialized velars merged with other stops: labials , dentals , and velars . Which one they became depended on dialect and phonological environment. Because of this, certain words that originally had labialized velars have different stops depending on dialect, and certain words from the same root have different stops even in the same Ancient Greek dialect. PIE, PGr > Attic , Thessalian Doric ('who?, what?') — compare Latin PIE, PGr > Attic , Ionic ('what kind?') PIE > PGr > Attic ('I strike') > PGr > Attic ('slaughtering') PIE ('notice') > Mycenaean qe-te-o ('paid'), Ancient Greek ('pay') ('honor') ('penalty') > Latin poena) Near or , the labialized velars had already lost their labialization in the Mycenaean period. PG > Mycenaean qo-u-ko-ro, Ancient Greek ('cowherd') Mycenaean a-pi-qo-ro, Ancient Greek ('attendant') Psilosis Through psilosis ('stripping'), from the term for lack of (see below), the was lost even at the beginnings of words. This sound change did not occur in Attic until the Koine period, but occurred in East Ionic and Lesbian Aeolic, and therefore can be seen in certain Homeric forms. These dialects are called psilotic. Homeric , Attic '(sun') Homeric , Attic ('dawn') Homeric , Attic ('border') Even later, during the Koine Greek period, disappeared totally from Greek and never reappeared, resulting in Modern Greek not possessing this phoneme at all. Spirantization The Classical Greek aspirated and voiced stops changed to voiceless and voiced fricatives during the period of Koine Greek (spirantization, a form of lenition). Spirantization of occurred earlier in Laconian Greek. Some examples are transcribed by Aristophanes and Thucydides, such as for ('Yes, by the two gods!') and for ("virgin goddess!') (Lysistrata 142 and 1263), for ('sacrificial victim') (Histories book 5, chapter 77). These spellings indicate that was pronounced as a dental fricative or a sibilant , the same change that occurred later in Koine. Greek spelling, however, does not have a letter for a labial or velar fricative, so it is impossible to tell whether also changed to . Compensatory lengthening In Attic, Ionic, and Doric, vowels were usually lengthened when a following consonant was lost. The syllable before the consonant was originally heavy, but loss of the consonant would cause it to be light. Therefore, the vowel before the consonant was lengthened, so that the syllable would continue to be heavy. This sound change