The Holy Qur'an: Text, Translation and Commentary is an English translation of the Qur'an by the British Indian Abdullah Yusuf Ali (1872–1953) during the British Raj. It has become among the most widely known English translations of the Qur'an, due in part to its prodigious use of footnotes, and its distribution and subsidization by Saudi Arabian beneficiaries during the late 20th century. History Ali began his translation in the 1920s, after he had retired from the Civil Service and settled in the United Kingdom. The translation was first published in 1934 by Shaik Muhammad Ashraf Publishers of Bakhshi Bazaar, Lahore, Punjab, one of the major Islamic publishing houses still in business today. The original translation was in its third edition at the time of Ali's death. Preface to First Edition, Lahore 4 April 1934 Preface to Third Edition, 1938 Saudi sponsorship In 1980, the Saudi religious establishment felt the need for a reliable English translation and exegesis of the Qur'an to be made available for the increasing English language readership across the globe. After researching the various translations in print at the time, four high-level committees under the General Presidency of the Department of Islamic Research chose Yusuf Ali's translation and commentary as the best available for publication. After significant revisions, a large Hardback edition was printed in 1985 by the King Fahd Holy Qur'an Printing Complex of Saudi Arabia, according to Royal Decree No. 12412. This edition, however, did not credit Yusuf Ali as the translator on the title page. It served briefly as the officially sanctioned English translation of the Saudi religious establishment, until it was replaced by the Noble Qur'an Salafi translation in 1993 upon the latter's arrival in the marketplace. Amana editions The translation established its pre-eminent position in the North American market when Amana Publications of Maryland reprinted the original edition in 1977, retitling it as The Meaning of the Holy Qur'an. Originally printed in paperback in two volumes, it was consolidated into a single hardback edition in 1983. In 1989, Amana introduced a revised "New Fourth Edition" featuring revision of the translation and commentary—again with politically motivated "corrections"—undertaken with the help of the International Institute of Islamic Thought. The New Revised Amana print is currently in its 11th edition, dated May 2004. The Islamic Foundation of UK released an 'English Only' hardback edition in 2005, which features both the translation and commentary without the