use the high-water mark. In the United Kingdom, the foreshore is generally deemed to be owned by the Crown although there are notable exceptions, especially what are termed several fisheries, which can be historic deeds to title, dating back to King John's time or earlier, and the Udal Law, which applies generally in Orkney and Shetland. In Greece, according to the L. 2971/01, the foreshore zone is defined as the area of the coast that might be reached by the maximum climbing of the waves on the coast (maximum wave run-up on the coast) in their maximum capacity (maximum referring to the "usually maximum winter waves" and of course not to exceptional cases, such as tsunamis etc.). The foreshore zone, a part of the exceptions of the law, is public, and permanent constructions are not allowed on it. In the East Africa and West Indian Ocean, intertidal zone management is often neglected of being a priority due to there being no intent for collective economic productivity. According to workshops performing questionaries, it is stated that eighty-six percent of respondents believe mismanagement of mangrove and coastal ecosystems are due to lack of knowledge to steward the ecosystems, yet forty-four percent of respondents state that there is a fair amount of knowledge used in those regions for fisheries. Threats Intertidal zones are sensitive habitats with an abundance of marine species, that can experience ecological hazards associated with tourism and human-induced environmental impacts. A variety of other threats that have been summarized by scientists include nutritional pollution, over harvesting, habitat destruction, and climate change. Habitat destruction is advanced through activities including harvesting fisheries with drag nets and neglect of the sensitivity of them. In popular culture The Intertidal Zone was used as a title for a comic book written by Stephen Hillenburg. The comic strip starred "Bob The Sponge", an early predecessor of SpongeBob SquarePants. Gallery See also Ballantine Scale Ecological forecasting Littoral series NaGISA Shorezone References External links Enchanted Learning Encyclopædia Britannica Watch the online documentary The Intertidal Zone Aquatic ecology Tides Marine biology Habitats Coastal geography Coastal and oceanic landforms Fisheries science Physical oceanography Oceanographical terminology de:Watt (Küste) eo:Vado