Speech was demonstrated following the September 11 attacks, which many commentators also compared with Pearl Harbor in terms of its lasting impression on the world. In the days following the attacks, Richard Jackson noted in his book Writing the War on Terrorism: Language, Politics and Counter-terrorism that "there [was] a deliberate and sustained effort" on the part of the President George W. Bush's administration to "discursively link September 11, to the attack on Pearl Harbor itself", both by directly invoking Roosevelt's Infamy Speech and by re-using the themes employed by Roosevelt in his speech. In Bush's speech to the nation on September 11, 2001, he contrasted the "evil, despicable acts of terror" with the "brightest beacon for freedom and opportunity" that America represented in his view. Sandra Silberstein drew direct parallels between the language used by Roosevelt and Bush, highlighting several similarities between the Infamy Speech and Bush's presidential address. Emily S. Rosenberg noted rhetorical efforts to link the conflicts of 1941 and 2001 by re-utilizing World War II terminology of the sort used by Roosevelt, such as using the term axis to refer to America's enemies (as in the "Axis of Evil"). Spanish Prime Minister José Maria Aznar referenced the speech hours after the 2004 Madrid train bombings, saying, "On March 11, 2004, it already occupies its place in the history of infamy." In 2019, Daniel Immerwahr wrote that in the speech's editing, Roosevelt elevated Hawaii as part of America, and downgraded the Philippines as foreign. On January 6, 2021, following the storming of the Capitol, Senator Chuck Schumer added that date to the "very short list of dates in American history that will live forever in infamy." Gallery See also Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt, first and second terms Timeline of World War II "Let Us Continue" — address by President Lyndon B. Johnson after the assassination of John F. Kennedy George W. Bush's address to the nation — after the September 11 attacks. References Works cited Books and journals Online sources External links Day of Infamy Speech — via Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum Speech by Franklin D. Roosevelt (Transcript) — via Library of Congress Attack on Pearl Harbor World War II speeches Speeches by Franklin D. Roosevelt 1941 in American politics 1941 speeches American political neologisms American political catchphrases 1941 in international relations Joint sessions of the United States Congress 77th United States Congress