under no circumstances be thrown. 11. In case of deliberate infringement of any of the above rules, the captain of the opposite side may claim that any one of his party may have a free kick from the place where the breach of rule was made. 12. Before the commencement of a match each side shall appoint an umpire, and they shall be the sole judges of goals and breaches of rules. The nearest umpire shall be appealed to in every case of dispute. The major changes at this time were: Players must bounce the ball every when carrying it (this had previously been adopted as one of the Geelong Football Club's compromise rules) Games must be officiated by umpires. Not one but two umpires (independent of the players) must control the match. The closest umpire to the play adjudicated all aspects of the game, including scoring and free kicks. Time limit established for matches Behind posts used for first time The publishing of the laws prompted the adoption of the code by the first football clubs in the colonies of Queensland (22 May 1866) and New South Wales (26 May 1866). Though the shape of the ball is not specified in the rules, the game during this time was primarily played with a round ball, unlike the prolate spheriod which was later widely adopted. Tom Wills had advocated for use of the rugby ball during the game's formative years arguing that it was more aerodynamic. The first documented use of a rugby ball was by the Richmond Football Club (1860-1861) (of which Wills was secretary) against the Melbourne Football Club in 1860 however its early use was unpopular and did not become customary until the 1870s. The laws were subsequently agreed upon by the major clubs playing the sport and widely adopted by several major leagues in Victoria, Queensland, New South Wales and New Zealand and with a slightly modified and played within a rectangular field. The colonies of South Australia and Tasmania would continue to resist adoption of these rules until the late 1870s. At some stage during the early 1870s, possibly 1874, it was also introduced to the South-West region of Ireland to become what is now Gaelic football. In 1869, a time limit – 100 minutes – was introduced to the game for the first time. In 1872, the Ball-up was first introduced to the rules;