– these conditions would include implementation of the Additional Protocol and safety and protection standards being satisfied. The six nations proposed two levels of enrichment assurance beyond the normal market. At the “basic assurances” level, suppliers would agree to substitute for each other to cover certain supply interruptions to customers. At the “reserves” assurance level, participating governments could provide physical or virtual reserves of low-enriched uranium that would be made available if the “basic assurances” were not met. Other proposals Other proposals for a nuclear fuel bank have included: U.S. – "Reserve of nuclear fuel", September 2005 Russia – "Statement on the Peaceful Use of Nuclear Energy", February 2006 U.S. – "Global Nuclear Energy Partnership", February 2006 World Nuclear Association, "Ensuring Security of Supply in the International Fuel Cycle", 2006 Japan – "IAEA Standby Arrangements System for the Assurance of Nuclear Fuel Supply", September 2006 UK – "Enrichment Bonds", June 2007 European Union – "Nuclear Fuel Cycle", June 2007 Low Enriched Uranium Bank in Kazakhstan On August 27, 2015, an agreement to locate the IAEA LEU Bank in Kazakhstan was signed in the country's capital Astana. The bank was inaugurated on August 29, 2017, and is located at Ulba Metallurgical Plant. It is a physical reserve of up to 90 metric tons of LEU, sufficient to run a 1,000 MWe light-water reactor. Such a reactor can power a large city for three years. The facility was wholly funded by IAEA member states and other contributions for a total of $150 million. This is expected to cover costs for 20 years. In October 2019, the Ulba bank received its first shipment of 32 canisters of LEU fuel. See also Global Nuclear Energy Partnership Nuclear proliferation Nuclear reactor technology Nuclear renaissance References External links IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency INFCIRC/640: "Multilateral Approaches to the Nuclear Fuel Cycle: Expert Group Report submitted to the Director General of the IAEA". 22 February 2005. International Atomic Energy Agency INFCIRC/704: "German proposal on the Multilateralization of the Nuclear Fuel Cycle". 4 May 2007. International Atomic Energy Agency INFCIRC/708: "On the Establishment, Structure and Operation of the International Uranium Enrichment Centre". 8 June 2007. Others "Internationalization of the Nuclear Fuel Cycle: Goals, Strategies, and Challenges" (2009). Nuclear and Radiation Studies Board (NRSB). The National Academies Press. Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists: "The realities of nuclear fuel supply guarantees." Podvig, Pavel. 18 April 2008. World Nuclear Association: "Ensuring