the goal posts, and the two outer (and shorter) posts are the behind posts. The area between the goal posts is the goal; the ball must be kicked by an attacking player between these posts, without touching either post and without touching another player, and must completely cross the back edge of the goalline to score a goal, which is worth six points. The other type of score is a behind, worth one point. This can occur in many ways: by an attacking player kicking the ball between a goal post and a behind post without touching the latter; by the ball hitting a goal post (even if it does not completely cross the goalline) or passing over the top of the goal post; by the ball passing through the goals after touching any part of an attacking player other than the lower leg or foot; or by the ball being kicked, handpassed, carried or forced between the posts by a defending player – the last of these is known as a rushed behind, and can result in a free kick instead of a behind if the umpire deems the player who was rushed it was under insufficient pressure. The term 'behind' derives from the formative years of football, referring to the ball going out of play 'behind goal', rather than 'out of bounds' along the side boundary lines, and these two outcomes triggered different means of restarting play. During these early years, 'behinds' did not score, and it was not until 1897 in Victoria that the modern method of scoring (six points for a goal and one for a behind) was first adopted; prior to this, only the number of goals kicked determined a match result. If the ball touches an umpire or league official, and the field umpire deems that there would have been score had this not occurred, the field umpire can stop play and award that score. In all other cases a goal umpire judges whether a goal or behind is scored. At the elite level, the goal umpire may also call for a video replay to confirm a score; in these cases, the goal umpire makes an initial soft call, which stands if the video replay is inconclusive. The goal umpire at the scoring end signals that a goal has been scored by pointing both index fingers forward with bent elbows at waist level; a