approved the CGRP antagonists erenumab [36], fremanezumab [37], and galcanezumab [38] for migraine prevention. Smith, "Preventive treatment of migraine in adults" UpToDate 2019 Additional CGRP blockers are progressing through clinical trials. Anticipating later botox therapy for migraine, early work by Jancsó et al. found some success in treatment using denervation or pretreatment with capsaicin to prevent uncomfortable symptoms of neurogenic inflammation. A 2010 study of the treatment of migraine with CGRP blockers had shown promise for CGRP blockers. In early trials, the first oral nonpeptide CGRP antagonist, MK-0974 (Telcagepant), was shown effective in the treatment of migraine attacks, but elevated liver enzymes in two participants were found. Other therapies and other links in the neurogenic inflammatory pathway for interruption of disease are under study, including migraine therapies. Noting that botulinum toxin has been shown to have an effect on inhibiting neurogenic inflammation, and evidence suggesting the role of neurogenic inflammation in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, the University of Minnesota has a pilot clinical trial underway to follow up on the observation that patients treated with botulinum toxin for dystonia had dramatic improvement in psoriasis. Astelin (Azelastine) "is indicated for symptomatic treatment of vasomotor rhinitis including rhinorrhea, nasal congestion, and post nasal drip in adults and children 12 years of age and older." Statins appear to "decrease expression of the proinflammatory neuropeptides calcitonin gene-related peptide and substance P in sensory neurons," and so might be of use in treating diseases presenting with predominant neurogenic inflammation. Research In a 2012 article in Nature Neuroscience Chiu et al. discuss the development of science related to neurogenic inflammation and provide a graphic illustrating key discoveries leading toward the current understanding of neurogenic inflammation, its mechanisms, and the conditions caused by its disorder. References External links Bronchial asthma and other neurogenic diseases: migraine, trigeminal neuralgia and epilepsy Schön and Boehncke, Psoriasis: Neurogenic inflammation and other mechanisms NEJM 352:1899–1912, Number 18, 2005 Inflammations