conditions, especially temperature, humidity and wind. Directional fabrics Fabric construction which directs water away from the body, rather than membranes, coatings or laminates, can be used to keep the wearer dry. This means that perspiration can be moved away from the body more effectively, as both liquid water and water vapour can be directed. These are directional fabrics such as Nikwax Analogy and FurTech, which are also breathable in the conventional sense (although these examples are actually a combination of two different fabrics, a directional "pump" layer underneath a distinct windproof and water resistant outer layer, and while effectively completely waterproof against rain they would fail a strict hydrostatic head test as given in the definition above). In combination with thermal insulation Garments that combine waterproofing with some thermal insulation, such as those manufactured by FurTech and Nikwax Analogy, resist cold bridging, heat transferred through layers of poorly-thermally-insulating materials in close contact that would be prevented by a small airspace. When there is cold bridging, vapour on the dry side can condense on the cold surface, making it appear that the thin waterproof breathable fabric has leaked. See also Durable water repellent Layered clothing Sauna suit Waterproofing Hipora Gore-Tex Ventile Nikwax Analogy References External links "Breathability" comparison of commercial outerwear shell layers, Phil Gibson, 2000, Materials Science Team, United States Army Soldier Systems Center Water Resistant vs Waterproof – What’s the Difference? Allthingswaterproof.com Article 2016 Technical fabrics