indicate only a very small difference. Indeed, results are highly dependent on the categories chosen for evaluation. As a generalisation, the following tend to indicate that there is some sort of north–south divide: Health conditions, which are generally seen as being worse in the north, though spending on healthcare is higher. House prices, which are higher in the south, particularly the south-east. Average earnings, which are significantly higher in the south and east. Political influence. Public investment in London and the south-east per person in the five years to 2019–20, was 50% more than that in the North. However, when factors such as the cost of living or urban poverty are included, the divisions are sometimes less clear. Furthermore, many middle class/Upper middle class and affluent areas are located near Leeds and Manchester. Yorkshire and Cheshire, geographically part of the North, include prosperous towns and suburbs such as Harrogate, Ilkley and Alwoodley in Yorkshire and Alderley Edge, Wilmslow and Bowdon in Cheshire. On the other hand, geographically southern areas such as the Isle of Thanet in Kent have struggled with the same industrial decline as parts of the north. Cornwall, many London boroughs such as Hackney and Haringey and southern towns like Luton are other anomalies to the north–south divide with poor health and education. This has led some commentators to suggest that other divisions, such as class or ethnicity might be more important. The Economist claims that one of the main causes of the divide was the migration of young professionals from the north to work in London, whereas it is much less common for young professionals from the south to move to a northern city. The Institute for Public Policy Research published the "State of the North 2019" report, from IPPR North, which blames regional inequality on power centralisation and the lack of devolution. The report showed that the UK has larger regional divisions than any other country at a comparable level of economic development. The Northern Independence Party was founded in October 2020, with the intention of fixing the north–south divide by gaining independence for the North of England. Identities and differences Culture There is also a perceived cultural divide in England between the north and the south. The BBC television series It's Grim Up North and subsequent book attempted to tease out some of these divisions. While those in the north complained of having fewer cultural