The Patwin (also Patween, Southern Wintu) are a band of Wintun people native to the area of Northern California. The Patwin comprise the southern branch of the Wintun group, native inhabitants of California since approximately 500 AD. The Patwin were bordered by the Yuki in the northwest; the Nomlaki (Wintun) in the north; the Konkow (Maiduan) in northeast; the Nisenan (Maiduan) and Plains Miwok in the east; the Bay Miwok to the south; the Coast Miwok in the southwest; and the Wappo, Lake Miwok, and Pomo in the west. The "Southern Patwins" lived between what is now Suisun, Vacaville, and Putah Creek. By 1800 they had been forced by Spanish and other European settlers into small tribal units: Ululatos (Vacaville), Labaytos (Putah Creek), Malacas (Lagoon Valley), Tolenas (Upper Suisun Valley), and Suisunes (Suisun Marsh and Plain). Patwin Indian remains were discovered at the Mondavi Center construction site beginning in 1999, and consequently the University of California, Davis built a Native American Contemplative Garden within the Arboretum, a project honoring the Patwin. Language The Patwin spoke a Southern Wintuan language called Patwin. Population Estimates for the pre-contact populations of most native groups in California have varied substantially. Alfred L. Kroeber put the 1770 population of the Wintun, including the Patwin, Nomlaki, and Wintu proper, at 12,000. Sherburne F. Cook (1976a:180-181) estimated the combined population of the Patwin and Nomlaki at 11,300, of which 3,300 represented the southern Patwin. He subsequently raised his figure for the southern Patwin to 5,000. Kroeber estimated the population of the combined Wintun groups in 1910 as 1,000. By the 1920s, no Patwin remained along Putah Creek and few were left in the area. Today, Wintun descendants of the three groups (i.e. the Patwin, Nomlaki, and Wintu proper) total about 2,500 people. Only three federally recognized Patwin (Wintun) rancherías remain. Villages Aguasto Bo´-do Chemocu Churup Dok´–dok Gapa Ho´lokomi Imil Katsil Kisi Koh´pah de´-he Koru Kusêmpu Liwai Lopa Moso Napato Nawidihu No´pah P’ālo Putato Si'-ko-pe Soneto Sukui Suskol Tebti Til-til Tokti Tolenas Tulukai Ululato Yo´doi Yulyul Notable Patwin people Mabel McKay (1907–1994), basket weaver and healer Sem-Yeto (), 19th-century leader and diplomat, also known as "Chief Solano" See also Fully feathered basket Notes References Cook, Sherburne F. 1976a. The Conflict between the California Indian and White Civilization. University of California Press, Berkeley. Golla, Victor. 2011. California Indian Languages. University of California Press, Berkeley. Kroeber, A. L. 1925. Handbook