This is a list of people burned after being deemed heretics by different Christian Churches. The list does not attempt to encompass the list of those executed by burning for other reasons (such as victims of witch hunts or other persecutions). The Catholic Encyclopedia states that "with the formal recognition of the Church by the State and the increase of ecclesiastical penalties proportioned to the increase of ecclesiastical offences, came an appeal from the Church to the secular arm for aid in enforcing the said penalties, which aid was always willingly granted [...] deviations from the Catholic Faith, were by the State made punishable in civil law and secular penalties were attached to them." Canon 3 of the ecumenical Fourth Council of the Lateran, 1215 required secular authorities to "exterminate in the territories subject to their jurisdiction all heretics" pointed out by the Catholic Church, resulting in the inquisitor executing certain people accused of heresy. Some laws allowed the civil government to employ punishment. Pre-Reformation Roman Catholic Europe Ramihrdus of Cambrai (1076 or 1077) (lynched) Peter of Bruys († 1130) (lynched) Gerard Segarelli († 1300) Fra Dolcino († 1307) (never tried by Catholic Church), Italy Marguerite Porete († 1310), Paris, France Botulf Botulfsson († 1311), the only known person executed for heresy in Sweden Jacques de Molay (1243–1314), burned after conviction by a tribunal under the control of King Philip IV of France, Paris, France Geoffroi de Charney († 1314), burned with Jacques de Molay above, Paris, France. Guilhèm Belibasta († 1321), last Cathar, Villerouge-Termenès, France Cecco d'Ascoli († 1327), Florence, Italy Na Prous Boneta († 1328) William Sawtre († 1401), Smithfield, London, England John Badby († 1410), Smithfield, London, England Jan Hus (1371–1415), Constance, Germany Jerome of Prague (1365–1416) William Taylor († 1423), Smithfield, London, England Joan of Arc (1412–1431), Trial of Joan of Arc, Rouen, France Thomas Bagley († 1431), Smithfield, London, England Pavel Kravař († 1433) Joan Boughton († 1494), Smithfield, London, England Girolamo Savonarola, Domenico da Pascia, and Silvestro Maruffi(† 1498), Florence, Italy (hanged and then burned) Roman Catholic countries Ipswich Martyrs († 1515–1558) Jean Vallière († 1523), Paris, France Jan de Bakker († 1525), 1st martyr in the Northern Netherland Wendelmoet Claesdochter († 1527), 1st Dutch woman charged and burned for the accusation of heresy Michael Sattler († 1527), Rottenburg am Neckar, Germany Patrick Hamilton († 1528), St Andrews, Scotland Balthasar Hubmaier (1485–1528), Vienna, Austria