that "the prophets, despite the difference of their laws and their religions, do not constitute but a single spirit". Naubakhti states that they also believe in reincarnation (metempsychosis) as the only existing kind of afterlife and retribution and in the cancellation of all religious prescriptions and obligations. They highly revere Abu Muslim and their imams. In their rituals, which are rather simple, they "seek the greatest sacramental effect from wine and drinks". As a whole, they were estimated by Al-Maqdisi as "Mazdaeans... who cover themselves under the guise of Islam". Legacy According to Turkish scholar Abdülbaki Gölpınarlı the Qizilbash ("Red-Heads") of the 16th century – a religious and political movement in Azerbaijan that helped to establish the Safavid dynasty – were "spiritual descendants of the Khurramites". See also Islamic conquest of Persia Kaysanites Shia Qarmatians List of extinct Shia sects Bahram Chobin Notes External links Evangelos Venetis Encyclopædia Iranica, Ḵorramis Encyclopædia Iranica, Bābak Ḵorrami Iranian religions Rebellions against the Abbasid Caliphate 9th century in Iran Opposition to Arab nationalism History of Talysh