As of 2013, there were 86 , 90 public universities and 606 private universities in Japan. National universities tend to be held in higher regard in higher education in Japan than private or public universities. As of the 2019 fiscal year, the number of national universities, 86, is unchanged, while the number of public universities increased to 93 and private universities increased to 607 compared with 2013. History In 2004, the national university system underwent partial privatization. Since 2004, each national university has been incorporated as a and given limited autonomy in its operations. Faculty and staff are no longer working for the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology. University names which shifted are . Designated National Universities In April 2017, an amendment to the National University Corporation Act enabled the classification of national university corporations as “Designated National University Corporations”, with the stated aims of significantly improving the education and research levels of Japanese universities. As of 2021 a total of 10 national universities have been thus selected by the MEXT. Hitotsubashi University (former Tokyo College of Commerce) Kyoto University (former Kyoto Imperial University) Nagoya University (former Nagoya Imperial University) Osaka University (former Osaka Imperial University) Tohoku University (former Tohoku Imperial University) Tokyo Institute of Technology Tokyo Medical and Dental University The University of Tokyo (former Tokyo Imperial University) University of Tsukuba Kyushu University (former Kyushu Imperial University) National universities Aichi University of Education Akita University Asahikawa Medical University Chiba University Ehime University Fukuoka University of Education Fukushima University Gifu University The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI) Gunma University Hamamatsu University School of Medicine Hirosaki University Hiroshima University Hokkaido University (former Hokkaido Imperial University) Hokkaido University of Education Hyogo University of Teacher Education Ibaraki University Iwate University Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (JAIST) Joetsu University of Education Kagawa University Kagoshima University Kanazawa University Kitami Institute of Technology Kobe University Kochi University Kumamoto University Kyoto Institute of Technology Kyoto University of Education Kyushu Institute of Technology Mie University Miyagi University of Education Muroran Institute of Technology Nagaoka University of Technology Nagasaki University Nagoya Institute of Technology Nara Institute of Science and Technology Nara University of Education Nara Women's University Naruto University of Education National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya Niigata University Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine Ochanomizu University Oita University Okayama University Osaka Kyoiku University