based on the San Francisco-area team anchored by Chip Martel–Lew Stansby and Peter Pender–Hugh Ross. They won the annual US Grand National Teams in 1982-83-85-87 (with another pair in '82, with Mike Lawrence in '87). Austria and Israel finished 1–2 among 21 open teams in Europe and placed 2–3 behind USA in São Paulo. * Frydrich and Hochzeit did not play enough boards to qualify for third place. Brazil finished fourth. Infrequent entries Canada, New Zealand, and India finished 8–9–10, having qualified in the familiar places of "USA 2", Australia, and Pakistan. 1987 Ocho Ríos, Jamaica The "San Francisco" GNT with world veterans Hamman–Wolff defended successfully. Great Britain and Sweden reversed their European finish. Chinese Taipei finished fourth. 1989 Perth, Australia Brazil won its first Bermuda Bowl, defeating a team of three "San Francisco" pairs in the final. Australia finished fourth at home. Egypt and Colombia represented Asia–Middle East and Central America–Caribbean. Poland and France, the best of 25 teams in Europe, finished only 3rd and 6th. 1990s 1991 Yokohama, Japan Iceland won the Bermuda Bowl after finishing fourth in Europe, the last to qualify from Zone 1. Europe's fourth, third, and second place teams won all three medals while European champion Great Britain finished 5th to 8th in the world. The tournament expanded from 10 teams with a 4-team knockout conclusion to 16 teams with an 8-team KO, without any playoffs to distinguish the four quarterfinal losers. Defending champion Brazil finished fourth, Argentina 5th to 8th. The two USA teams also finished 5th to 8th. Brazil finished fourth with the same lineup that won in 1989. With expansion from 10 to 16 teams, a third entry was awarded to North America, and the American Contract Bridge League settled on two United States teams, who both finished 5th to 8th. (The two US teams are determined under the auspices of the United States Bridge Federation. The other team from Zone 2 is determined by a playoff of other national teams, if necessary.) 1993 Santiago, Chile Netherlands won its first Bermuda Bowl. Netherlands and Norway were fourth and third in Europe, as finalists Iceland and Poland had been two years earlier. De Boer, Leufkens, and Westra had played on the Netherlands 1987 world champion junior team. Helgemo of Norway played on the contemporary junior team and thus won two silver medals in 1993. USA 2 finished fourth. South Africa represented Africa