been a New Community Corporation, the City of Newark would not have experienced the same level of neighborhood and downtown re-investment as has occurred since 1980. However, a growing number of experienced community development organizations in Newark now compete with NCC for vital grant funding. Most of these organizations did not exist when NCC opened its first housing complex in 1975. Also, a 1993 ethnographic study by the New School University (published in 1997) indicates that although New Community's broad range of services benefited its tenants in numerous ways, it could not shield them from the negative forces plaguing the surrounding neighborhoods, i.e. crime, gang activity, substance abuse, unemployment, social isolation, insufficient education and other human capital, etc. Although community development corporations such as the New Community Corporation will continue to play a significant role in addressing the needs of low-income inner city residents, their promise as the "magic bullet" against the cycle of poverty is now in doubt. References Carter, B. and Jordan, G. (March 1, 1998). "Social-Service Provider Marks 30th Anniversary." Star-Ledger (New Jersey Section) DeSouze Briggs, X. and Muller, E. J., "From Neighborhood to Community, Evidence on the Social Effects of Community Development." New York: New School for Social Research, 1997 Guskind, R. and Pierce, N., "Against the Tide: The New Community Corporation, 1968-1993." Newark, NJ: Prudential Foundation, 1993 Lemann, N. (January 9, 1994). "The Myth of Community Development." New York Times (Sunday Magazine Section) Sherman, T. (August 22, 2004). "Newark Nonprofit Stretched For Cash. Aid Dries Up, Bills Pile Up At New Community Corp." Star-Ledger (Essex County, NJ Edition) Stewart, B. (February 18, 1996). "Bill Linder and His City of Hope." New York Times (New Jersey Section, N.J. Edition) Sullivan, M. L., "More Than Housing: How Community Development Corporations Go About Changing Lives and Neighborhoods." New York: New School for Social Research, 1993 External links Monsignor William Linder, New Community Corporation: Diversity in Action Robert Zdenek, Toward Comprehensive Approaches to Strengthening Communities Rutgers University (2002 Community Development Studio), Building Community: The Work of the New Community Corporation 1968 establishments in New Jersey Catholic social teaching Community-building organizations Ford Motor Company Non-profit organizations based in New Jersey Organizations based in Newark, New Jersey Organizations established in 1968 Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Newark Catholic Church in the United States The Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Company Urban planning in the United States Urban renewal