Russell. There is reason to believe that the intransigent I. R. A.-sters are getting money from the Nazis, mostly by way of the U.S." Increases in the security surrounding rich infrastructure targets in Britain also had a major effect on IRA team's ability to conduct operations. The seizure of war material and inability to get newly acquired war material into Britain under wartime restrictions meant increased improvisation, which in turn led to increased exposure to discovery. It is also clear that the campaign generated a good deal of anti-Irish sentiment, which increased the British public's suspicion of Irish people in general. All these factors led to attacks tapering off around early to mid-1940. The death of Seán Russell on 14 August 1940, (he had already been effectively incommunicado since April 1939), and the succession of Stephen Hayes as IRA Chief of Staff also contributed to the petering out of the attacks At the time, the author of the S-Plan, Seamus O'Donovan noted his views on the S-Plan campaign in his diary entry for 23 August 1939 as: "hastily conceived, scheduled to a premature start, with ill-equipped and inadequately-trained personnel, too few men and too little money.... ..unable to sustain the vital spark of what must be confessed to have fizzled out like a damp and inglorious squib" Reflecting in the 1960s, O'Donovan assessed the results of the campaign even more critically: "It brought nothing but harm to Ireland and the IRA." M.L.R Smith writing in "Fighting for Ireland? The military strategy of the Irish Republican movement", argued that the S-Plan campaign: "..can be seen not as a serious attempt to advance the nationalist cause, but as a sign of the movement reverting to type, as a vehicle for preserving the doctrinal purity of the republican vision. The bombing campaign underscored that a 'militarist caste' was exactly what the IRA had become." The main outcome of the campaign was the Prevention of Violence Act in Britain, which remained in force until 1954. The Bill gave the UKs Home Secretary powers to exclude and deport persons who were suspected of being connected with the IRA, or to make them register with the police. Special checks were imposed on Irish workers in arms factories and military facilities. In all, 119 people were deported to Ireland and dozens more were registered with the police or were prevented from entering Britain. Between 1940 and 1946