steam, water, or petroleum products, for which the employer shows the following: Continuity of service is essential; Shutdown of the system is impractical; and The employee follows documented procedures and uses special equipment that provides proven, effective employee protection. The employee is performing minor tool changes or other minor servicing activities that are routine, repetitive, and integral to production, and that occur during normal production operations. In these cases, employees must have effective, alternative protection. UK There are a few instances across UK regulations that refer to lockout–tagout indirectly. The use of lockout–tagout is not currently enforced in the UK but has been proven to be best practice for multiple UK industries. BS7671:2008 is a regulation in the UK that ensures that all wiring and electrical installations completed within any building is of the highest standard. It also states that "Every employer shall ensure that where appropriate, work equipment is provided with a suitable means to isolate it from all its sources of energy. Every employer shall take appropriate measures to ensure that reconnection of any energy source to work equipment does not expose any person using the equipment to any risk to their health or safety". [Provision of Work Equipment Regulations – Regulation 19 – Isolation from Sources of Energy The Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998 (1999 in Northern Ireland) (PUWER) is the key regulation that is enforced within the Manufacturing industry within the UK. This reinforces that employers should make all machinery safe for use, including adding additional precautions such as extra Guards and safer PPE (Personal Protective Equipment). Machinery should also be inspected at regular intervals to ensure it is in a continued ‘safe to use’ state. There are citations within the PUWER regulations that argue the use of safety devices such as lockout–tagout, however at no point do the regulations state this outright. But it does explain that ‘lockout devices’ should be used to enhance the safety of employees. So, it may not be written in black and white under English Regulations that lockout–tagout should be used but the document does mention a ‘Hierarchy of measures’ for standardising safety procedures that are lockout–tagout related but they are explained as a permanent fixture to any machine or tool. For instance one of the three measures mentioned is to ‘provide protection appliances (jigs, holders, push sticks)’. And as a wider assumption this could include LOTO