himself on the riverbank at the border of three states and the survey completed. After drinking and resting he retreated back to the dead horses and collecting his saddle and bridle he returned to the river, managed to cross it and borrow a horse at Chowilla sheep station. He rode 180 miles (290 km) to Adelaide and filed a report on the survey. White died three years later. Smalley and Todd survey Doubts as to the accuracy of the Wade-White line grew with the availability of better astronomical equipment and the advent of the telegraph. As a result of appointments of Government Astronomers in Sydney and Melbourne there were far more precise values for the longitudes of these places and hence the 141st longitude of the legal border. By agreement, an expedition left Adelaide in April 1868 for Chowilla near the Murray River and the border. It was led by George Smalley, N.S.W. Government Astronomer and Charles Todd South Australian Superintendent of Telegraphs. The purpose was to make transit observations of eleven stars whilst similar observations were made in Melbourne and Sydney. Whilst Tyers had used a small three inch (76 mm) theodolite this expedition had a telescope, the largest available portable device in Australia at the time. The site of the transit observations near the border was temporarily linked to the Adelaide-Sydney telegraph line, allowing the precise time of the transit observations to be transmitted instantaneously to Sydney, where these were recorded against the Sydney Observatory's chronograph. As a result of their observations Smalley and Todd declared the new 141st meridian. This led to the discovery that the proclaimed border on the ground was at least two miles and 19 chains (3.6 km) to the west of the more accurate measurement of the 141st meridian. A new border between New South Wales and South Australia on the newly-verified 141st meridian line, was jointly accepted by Smalley, on behalf of the New South Wales Government, and Todd, on behalf of the South Australian Government, and new N.S.W.- S.A border markers were set in place. This border realignment had other implications, as the 141st meridian also forms part of the Queensland-South Australian border (between what is now Cameron Corner and Haddon Corner) and the original Victoria-S.A. border had been supposed to lie on the same meridian. However, despite the involvement of the Melbourne Observatory in the astronomical work, Victoria was not