as a parasitic, international urban class that had dominated the Khazars and subjected the early East Slavs to the "Khazar Yoke". The last phrase was adapted by him from the traditional term "Tatar Yoke" for the Mongol domination of medieval Russia, a term that Gumilev rejected since he did not regard the Mongol conquest as a necessarily-negative event. In particular, he asserted that the Radhanites had been instrumental in the exploitation of East Slavic people and had exerted undue influence on the sociopolitical and economic landscape of the early Middle Ages. Gumilev maintained that the Jewish culture was by nature mercantile and existed outside and in opposition to its environment. According to that view, Jews share a specific way of thinking, and this is associated with the moral norms of Judaism. According to Gumilev, the medieval Jews also did not bear arms themselves but waged wars by proxies or mercenaries. Personal life Gumilev identified himself as an Orthodox Christian. Gumilev married in 1967, the year after his mother died. Works The Hsiung-nu (1960) Ancient Turks (1964) The Hsiung-nu in China (1974) Ethnogenesis and the Biosphere of Earth (1978) Ancient Rus and the Great Steppe (1989) An End and a New Beginning (1989) From Rus to Russia (1992) See also Eurasianism References External links Gumilevica: All about Gumilev (Biography, Bibliography, Works & Maps) Electronically available publications by Lev Gumilev (Russian) Lev Gumilev, Ethnogenesis and Eurasianism by Alexander Sergeevich Titov 1912 births 1992 deaths Writers from Saint Petersburg People from Sankt-Peterburgsky Uyezd Soviet historians Russian orientalists Khazar studies Russian ethnologists Russian geographers Russian anthropologists Sharashka inmates National mysticism Eurasianism Saint Petersburg State University alumni Academic staff of High Courses for Scriptwriters and Film Directors Russian people of Tatar descent Burials at Nikolskoe Cemetery 20th-century anthropologists 20th-century geographers Soviet military personnel of World War II Russian Turkologists