immigration benefits that do not allow for "immigrant intent" (such as a grant of an additional period of TN admission [TN renewal], readmission into the U.S. for the remainder of a TN authorized period after exiting the country, and an "extension of stay" in TN classification) upon developing a fixed intention to apply for permanent residence in the United States through the Adjustment of Status (AOS) process. Such an intention would typically be evidenced by the individual's filing of a Form I-485, or, in certain cases, by the filing of a Form I-140 petition by a U.S. employer or a Form I-130 petition by a spouse who is a U.S. citizen or Lawful Permanent Resident. Thus, a TN status holder who will be undertaking AOS generally might need to avoid travel outside the United States from the time of fixing intentions for AOS until an AOS Advance Parole travel permit is issued some months after the AOS paperwork is submitted. Additionally, a TN status holder who has not recently renewed TN status, and whose period of admission in TN classification will expire within a relatively short period of time after Form I-485 is filed can be particularly affected, and might need to discontinue work once the TN authorized period expires and until an AOS Employment Authorization Document work permit is issued some months after the paperwork is submitted. History NAFTA negotiation and ratification The governments of Canada, Mexico, and the United States negotiated a regional free trade agreement, which came to be known as NAFTA, during the 1980s. The leaders of the three nations signed the agreement in their respective capitals on December 17, 1992. NAFTA included an Appendix 1603.D.1 that required each of the member-states to institute laws and regulations for the free temporary movement of certain professionals among the three member-states with special simplified immigration procedures. United States federal law NAFTA was implemented in U.S. federal law in 1993 through the North American Free Trade Agreement Implementation Act, H.R. 3450, Pub. L. 103-182, 107 Stat. 2057. After approval of the measure by the U.S. House and U.S. Senate, President Bill Clinton signed the law on December 8, 1993, placing NAFTA into effect on January 1, 1994. The measure inserted a new sub-paragraph into section 214 of the Immigration and Nationality Act, codified at United States Code, title 8, section 1184, that states: In 2020, this wording was updated