Accademia, but preferred clinging to tradition instead of adopting new ideas. Known for his honesty and candor, Fattori deplored the direction he saw some of his students were taking in the 1890s, as a group of them, led by his favourite pupil Plinio Nomellini, adopted a Neo-impressionist style, the Divisionismo (Chromoluminarism). In 1891 he engaged in a polemic against pointillism. Around 1903 he wrote: "Do you know which is the worst animal? Man. Why? Egotistical, false, and a betrayer ... I believe in nothing: I hold nothing sacred but my wife and my stepdaughter. I am an atheist because I do not believe that there must be a God upon whom good and evil depend ... I have spent my years hoping and I will end discouraged." Among his late works are several images expressive of his profound disappointment, notably The Dead Horse—What Now? He died in Florence on August 30, 1908. He was buried, with other illustrious people from Livorno, in the loggia next to the church Santuario della Madonna di Montenero in the village of . Legacy Giovanni Fattori is considered the most prominent member of the Macchiaioli. His work is dominated by military subjects, which are rarely battle scenes but rather soldiers in encampments, soldiers mustering, or infantry units at rest. He also painted sensitive portraits, landscapes, rural scenes and horses. But at the end of his life he was out of touch with the new currents in painting, which led to his decline. His works didn't attract the interest of the public anymore, causing his financial troubles. Giovanni Fattori was respected by his colleagues but, due to his aloofness, he didn't get the recognition of the public at large. Examples of his work are at Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Moderna in Rome; Pinacoteca metropolitana di Bari; Galleria Civica d'Arte Moderna e Contemporanea, in Turin, Pinacoteca di Brera, Milan, Galleria d'Arte Moderna in Palazzo Pitti; and in New Zealand, the Dunedin Public Art Gallery; in North America at Boston's Museum of Fine Arts. Among his pupils were Luigi Michelacci and Ruggero Panerai. He is honored in his home town by the Museo Civico Giovanni Fattori in Livorno. See also Macchiaioli Landscape art Notes References Broude, Norma (1987). The Macchiaioli: Italian Painters of the Nineteenth Century. New Haven and London: Yale University Press. Steingräber, E., & Matteucci, G. (1984). The Macchiaioli: Tuscan Painters of the Sunlight : March 14-April