evidence of sufficient timber, during the Old Kingdom a higher level of rainfall would have resulted in a larger availability of timber along the Nile and Wadis. The slags stemming from the factory contain iron, indicative of a ferruginous flux. This specific flux requires iron oxide, which is abundant throughout the Nile valley. Despite evidence for the majority of the requirements, when it comes to the copper that would have been used for smelting not much is known about the source. All copper deposits recorded in Egypt and in Northern Sudan are long from Buhen. All of these deposits are also located on the eastern side of the Nile, which poses further complications in transporting the copper that would have been smelted as it would have had to cross the Nile. See also List of ancient Egyptian towns and cities Gallery Notes External links Historic Photographs and 3D Reconstruction Video Brian Yare, The Middle Kingdom Egyptian Fortresses in Nubia. 2001 3D reconstruction of the Buhen fortress Buildings and structures completed in the 19th century BC Archaeological sites in Egypt Former populated places in Egypt History of Nubia 19th-century BC establishments in Egypt