had started manufacturing space suits for Indian astronauts, part of the Gaganyaan crewed mission, four of which had begun training at the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in Russia in 2019. Design The Orlan space suit has gone through several models. Space-rated designations include the Orlan-D, Orlan-DM, Orlan-DMA, and Orlan-M models; the Orlan-GN, Orlan-T, and Orlan-V are used in training and are used underwater. The latest model, called Orlan-MKS, has been used on the ISS since 2017. The original Orlan suit, with a two and a half hour operation time, was designed as an orbital suit for use on the Soviet Lunar programme, although it was abandoned in favour of a model with a greater operating capacity. The Orlan-D expanded the operation time to three hours; the Orlan-M to nine hours. The designed average lifespan of the spacesuit is four years (or up to 15 EVA's) and, according to tradition at the manufacturing plant, suits with blue stripes are assigned even production numbers and red, odd numbers. The Orlan space suit is semi-rigid, with a solid torso and flexible arms. It includes a rear hatch entry through the backpack that allows it to be donned relatively quickly (approximately five minutes). The first Orlan suits were attached to the spacecraft by an umbilical tether that supplied power and communications links. The Orlan-DM and later models are self-sustaining. Models Lunar orbit suit Name: Orlan Lunar Orbital Spacesuit Manufacturer: NPP Zvezda Missions: Development occurred from 1967-1971, no flight models that were operational were produced. Function: Extra-vehicular activity (EVA) Operating pressure: Mass: Primary life support: 5 hours D model Name: Orlan-D Manufacturer: NPP Zvezda Missions: Developed from 1969-1977. Used on Salyut-6 and Salyut-7 Space Stations. Used from 1977-1984. Function: Extra-vehicular activity (EVA) Operating Pressure: Mass: Primary Life Support: 5 hours DM model Name: Orlan-DM Manufacturer: NPP Zvezda Company Missions: Used on Salyut-7 and Mir. Used from 1985-1988. Function: Extra-vehicular activity (EVA) Operating pressure: Mass: Primary life support: 6 hours DMA model Name: Orlan-DMA Manufacturer: NPP Zvezda Missions: Used on Mir. Used from 1988-1997. Function: Extra-vehicular activity (EVA) Operating Pressure: Mass: Primary Life Support: 7 hours M model Name: Orlan-M Manufacturer: NPP Zvezda Missions: Used on Mir and ISS. Used from 1997-2009? Function: Extra-vehicular activity (EVA) Operating Pressure: Mass: Primary Life Support: 7 hours MK model Name: Orlan-MK Manufacturer: NPP Zvezda Missions: Used on ISS. Used from 2009-2017. Function: Extra-vehicular activity (EVA) Operating pressure: Mass: Primary