blood film, can quickly identify live trypanosomes. It is expected that these procedures are 100% specific. Even though their sensitivity is far from adequate, they are regarded as the gold standard in the absence of more sensitive tests that are also similarly specific. Thick blood films (TBFs) TBFs are created by spreading a tiny drop of blood (between 10 and 20 l) on a glass slide to roughly four times its original surface area. After extensive drying, the slides can be dyed and examined under a 1000x magnification. Giemsa-based staining takes around 30 minutes to complete for thick film preparations. Because no centrifuge is used, electricity is not always required. It can be difficult to identify trypanosomes, which are usually distorted in this preparation, and it takes a lot of skill and experience. Results depend on the proficiency of the lab worker and the quality of the reagents. According to several research, the TBF's sensitivity ranges from 259 to 100%. Lymph node aspirate (LNA) A posteriorly enlarged cervical lymph node is pierced with a needle for LNA examination, and the fluid is seen at a magnification of 400x. Both reagents and electricity are not needed for this test. A mobile team's typical activity may involve the examination of several individual animal in a single day. Most frequently, LNA is used in the field as a result of its ease of use and low cost, but a screening test should also come before it because enlarged cervical lymph nodes are not only a sign of African trypanosomiasis but also of other tropical diseases like leishmaniasis, tuberculosis, malaria, and toxoplasmosis. The quantity of blood analyzed and the degree of parasitemia have a significant impact on the likelihood of finding trypanosomes in a sample from an infected animal. The volume of blood tested with direct examination techniques is small (2-10 l), and parasite counts in the blood of an infected animal are sometimes extremely low. These two elements together lower the sensitivity of direct examination methods. By concentrating the trypanosomes and examining larger volumes of blood, one can increase sensitivity. The hematocrit centrifuge technique (HCT), among these techniques, is the traditional and most reliable reference diagnostic test for identification of live trypanosomes. Mini hematocrit centrifugation technique (mHCT) About 50–70 ml of blood may be collected in a capillary tube, and after centrifugation, the white blood cell zone between the plasma and the erythrocytes