FAPSI () or Federal Agency of Government Communications and Information (FAGCI) () was a Russian government agency, which was responsible for signal intelligence and security of governmental communications. The present-day FAPSI successor agencies are the relevant departments of the Federal Security Service (FSB) and Foreign Intelligence Service (SVR) as well as the Special Communications Service of Russia (Spetssvyaz) (part of the Federal Protective Service of the Russian Federation) (FSO RF). History Creation FAPSI was created from the 8th Main Directorate (Government Communications) and 16th Directorate (Electronic Intelligence) of the KGB. It is the equivalent to the USA National Security Agency. On September 25, 1991, Soviet president Mikhail Gorbachev dismantled the KGB into several independent departments. One of them became the Committee on Government Communications under the President of Soviet Union. On December 24, 1991 after the disbanding of the Soviet Union the organization became the Federal Agency of Government Communications and Information under the President of Russian Federation. Dissolution On March 11, 2003 the agency was reorganized into the Service of Special Communications and Information (Spetssvyaz, Spetssviaz) () of the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation (FSB RF). On August 7, 2004, Spetssviaz was incorporated as a structural sub unit of the Federal Protective Service of the Russian Federation (FSO RF). Structure According to the press, the structure of FAPSI copied the structure of the US National Security Agency, it includes: Chief R&D Directorate (Главное научно-техническое управление) Chief directorate of government communications Chief directorate of security of communications Chief directorate of information technology (Главное управление информационных систем) Special troops of FAPSI Academy of Cryptography Military School of FAPSI in Voronezh, sometimes referred as the world largest hacker's school Military school of communications in Orel Moscow Department of Penza Scientific Research Electrotechnics Institute (МО ПНИЭИ), manufacturer of software and hardware used by the above agencies Chiefs 16th Directorate of the KGB Nikolai Nikolaevich Andreev (1968–1973) Major-General Igor Vasilievich Maslov (1973–?) Committee on Government Communications under President of Soviet Union General Aleksandr Vladimirovich Starovoitov (1991) Federal Agency of Government Communications and Information General Aleksandr Vladimirovich Starovoitov (1991–1998) Vladislav Petrovich Sherstyuk (1998–1999) – former chief of Radio-electronics intelligence department of the agency Vladimir Georgievich Matykhin (1999–2003) – a civilian specialist on cryptography and data protection Service of Special Communications and Information (FAPSI successor) Yuri P. Kornev (2003–2010) Aleksey Mironov (since 2010) FAPSI and the Internet FAPSI was always interested in monitoring of