to Gitarama. According to HRW, Callixte Nzabonimana, who was affiliated with MRND and local to Gitarama, publicly admonished the of Rutobwe for refusing to participate in the genocide by publicly slapping him. One former from Nyamabuye testified before the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda that the Presidential Guard and Interhamwe had swept through Gitarama "teaching the ideology of killing, of massacres. They incited the population to hate the local authority by saying that those who did not kill the Tutsi were accomplices of the Inkotanyi." (Inkotanyi is a pejorative word used by some Hutu as a slur for Tutsi people.) On 18 April, a meeting was called by Uwizeye for the local leaders, which was reportedly also attended by members of the interim government including Nzabonimana, André Rwamakuba, Straton Nsabumukunzi, Eliézer Niyitegeka, Jean de Dieu Habineza and Justin Mugenzi. Jean Paul Akayesu, the of Taba, also attended this meeting. Taken from "Killing Neighbors" by Lee Ann Fujii: The Gitarama region was the founding place of Grégoire Kayibanda's Parmehutu, the party founded by Rwanda's first president. This region and the political elites involved, were also the source of much tension between the capital province of Kigali in the north, and the central and south province of Gitarama. This tension eventually played a role in the conflicts behind the Rwandan genocide. Page 48 References Former provinces of Rwanda States and territories disestablished in 2006