did not hold an academic pedigree, supported intellectuals who have devoted themselves to solitary study. He has also engaged in a number of belligerent exchanges. Famous among these have been his dispute with Kiyoteru Hanada, with New Testament scholar Kenzō Tagawa, and with his former friend and critic Yutaka Haniya. References Bibliography Japanese philosophers 1924 births 2012 deaths Tokyo Institute of Technology alumni 20th-century Japanese poets Japanese Marxists