the American Frontier. New York: Arno Press, 1971. Rivers, Larry Eugene. Slavery in Florida. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2000. Schneider, Pamela S. It's Not Funny: Various Aspects of Black History Charlotte PA: Lemieux Press Publishers, 2005. Simmons, William. Notices of East Florida: with an account of the Seminole nation of Indians, 1822. Intro. George E. Buker. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 1973, available online. Sturtevant, William C. "Creek into Seminole." North American Indians in Historical Perspective. Eds Eleanor B. Leacock and Nancy O. Lurie. New York: Random House, 1971. Twyman, Bruce Edward. The Black Seminole Legacy and Northern American Politics, 1693–1845. Washington: Howard University Press, 1999. Wallace, Ernest. Ranald S. Mackenzie on the Texas Frontier. College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 1993. Wright, J. Leitch, Jr. Creeks and Seminoles: The Destruction and Regeneration of the Muscogulge People. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1986. Further reading Hancock, Ian F. "A Provisional Comparison of the English-based Atlantic Creoles", Sierra Leone Language Review, 8 (1969), 7=72. ——— "Gullah and Barbadian: Origins and Relationships." American Speech, 55 (1) (1980), 17–35. ——— The Texas Seminoles and their Language, Austin: University of Texas African and Afro-American Studies and Research Center, Series 2, No. 1, 1980. Howard, Rosalyn A. black Seminoles in the Bahamas, Gainesville: University of Florida, 2002 Littlefield, Daniel C. Rice and Slaves: Ethnicity and the Slave Trade in Colonial South Carolina, Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1981/1991, University of Illinois Press. Littlefield, Daniel F. Jr. Africans and Seminoles: From Removal to Emancipation, University of Mississippi Press, 1977. Opala, Joseph A. A Brief History of the Seminole Freedmen, Austin: University of Texas African and Afro-American Studies and Research Center, Series 2, No. 3, 1980. ——— "Seminole-African Relations on the Florida Frontier", Papers in Anthropology (University of Oklahoma), 22 (1) (1981), 11–52. External links Bird, J.B (2005). "The Largest Slave Rebellion in U.S. History", Rebellion: John Horse and the black Seminoles Website Bill Hubbard, "Story of Freedman Caesar Bruner", c. 1958, Seminole Nation of Oklahoma website Seminole and black Seminole genealogical records, Freepages GenWeb "Blood Feud", Wired Magazine'', Vol. 13.09, August 2005, article on DNA, ethnicity, and black Seminoles "black Indians", ColorQWorld Pilaklikaha at History of Central Florida Podcast "Tragedy and Survival: Virtual Landscapes of 19th Century Florida Gulf Coast Maroons" African–Native American relations Gullah Seminole Wars Fugitive American slaves