the Northern Recovery Unit exceed this. No populations in the Southern Recovery Unit meet this goal. Only one population in the Southern Recovery Unit was quantified at time of publication. Second, there must be at least 2 breeding habitats per subpopulation. Each breeding habitat must be fed by different water sources. As of 2013, this criterion has not been met, and only 12 of 27 subpopulations have more than one breeding site. Third, the habitat to support subpopulations must be formally protected and managed. This includes control of invasive species and restoration of local water sources. Actions to minimize vehicle presence are also suggested. Lastly, the Review requires the creation of a monitoring plan for each population. This must include annual population estimates. This final criterion has not been met due to lack of knowledge of breeding and habitat structure. Many regions are lacking resources needed to evaluate population sites. Hine's emerald dragonfly was last assessed by the IUCN Red List on June 8, 2018. At this point, it was listed as Least Concern. This contradicts the ESA’s older classification of Endangered. Critical habitat The current critical habitat for Hine's emeralds contains 26,531 acres of land. This land is concentrated in various counties in Illinois, Michigan, Missouri, and Wisconsin. Expected costs for protection range from $10.5 million to $25.2 million over 20 years when adjusted. This version of the critical habitat ruling was finalized in 2010. However, this ruling differs significantly from the initial proposal and the first critical habitat ruling. In the 2006 Critical Habitat Proposed Rule, 27,689 acres were proposed for protection. This proposal considered the exclusion of all Missouri populations and two from Michigan. In 2007, the original ruling designated only 13,221 acres for protection. The 2010 ruling doubles the critical habitat range for HED. Threats The Hine's emerald dragonfly recovery plan was published in 2001. At that time, the major threats to the species were habitat loss/alteration and contamination. Hine’s emerald dragonflies inhabit marsh and wetland habitats, which are already rare. Further loss of habitat would disrupt the surviving populations of the species. The recovery plan explains the habitat loss. Industrial, agricultural, and commercial development caused the most damage. This damage contributed to the decline of the species. A 5-year review was completed in 2013. It includes more recent evaluations of the threats to Hine's emerald populations. It includes a table (pp. 27–29) which details the