referred by Toyota as the U-IMV (Under-IMV) project, a reference to the Innova that sits in a segment above the Avanza which rides on the IMV platform. Unlike the Kijang and the succeeding Kijang Innova that both utilised full body-on-frame chassis, the first two generations of Avanza/Xenia used a semi-unibody chassis where the front half of the chassis used body-on-frame construction, while the rear half used monocoque construction. This hybrid-type chassis made it possible for the vehicle to retain the rear-wheel-drive layout from the previous generations of Kijang along with its ability to handle heavier loads. According to journalists, it also came with several downsides such as unstable ride during high speeds and unrefined NVH levels. The second-generation model retained the same platform as the original model and took 4 years of development. Toyota and Daihatsu invested for the project. The third-generation model ditched the semi-unibody chassis with rear-wheel-drive layout in favour of the full unibody construction of the Daihatsu New Global Architecture with front-wheel-drive layout. According to Toyota and Daihatsu, the switch was made as the infrastructure quality had improved in Indonesia, along with efficiency, performance and comfort benefits of the front-wheel-drive layout. The first-generation Avanza/Xenia was assembled at the first Indonesian Daihatsu plant in Sunter, Jakarta. Between 2008 and 2011, Toyota also manufactured the car in Karawang under contract to meet the high demand. The second-generation model is assembled at the same plant as the first-generation model and also at the second Daihatsu plant in Karawang, West Java, from April 2013 to an unspecified period. For the third-generation model, production in Indonesia is split between the Daihatsu plant in Sunter for the Avanza and Xenia, and at the Toyota plant in Karawang for the Avanza and Veloz. It is also contract assembled in Malaysia by Perodua for the first and third-generation models to be sold by Toyota with the Avanza and Veloz badging respectively. Vietnamese assembly for the third-generation model is also carried out via CKD method. Engines First generation (F600; 2003) Markets Indonesia The Avanza was unveiled on 11 December 2003 and released on 15 January 2004. The car emerged from the first collaboration project between Toyota and Daihatsu in Indonesia with development led by Toyota chief engineer Kaoru Hosokawa, product planning leader of Toyota Commercial Vehicle Development Centre. It was manufactured at Astra Daihatsu Motor's Sunter assembly plant, with 61 percent of its parts were sourced