avoidance also reside in areas where Cushites appear to have lived in earlier times. Within East Africa, the fish taboo is found no further than Tanzania. This is attributed to the local presence of the tsetse fly and in areas beyond, which likely acted as a barrier to further southern migrations by wandering pastoralists, the principal fish-avoiders. Zambia and Mozambique's Bantus were therefore spared subjugation by pastoral groups, and they consequently nearly all consume fish. There is also another center of fish avoidance in Southern Africa, among mainly Bantu speakers. It is not clear whether this disinclination developed independently or whether it was introduced. It is certain, however, that no avoidance of fish occurs among southern Africa's earliest inhabitants, the Khoisan. Nevertheless, since the Bantu of southern Africa also share various cultural traits with the pastoralists further north in East Africa, it is believed that, at an unknown date, the taboo against the consumption of fish was similarly introduced from East Africa by cattle-herding peoples who somehow managed to get their livestock past the aforementioned tsetse fly endemic regions. Certain species of fish are also forbidden in Judaism such as the freshwater eel (Anguillidae) and all species of catfish. Although they live in water, they appear to have no fins or scales (except under a microscope) (see Leviticus 11:10–13). Sunni Muslim laws are more flexible in this and catfish and shark are generally seen as halal as they are special types of fish. Eel is generally considered permissible in the four Sunni madh'hab, but the Ja'fari jurisprudence followed by most Shia Muslims forbids it. Many tribes of the Southwestern United States, including the Navaho, Apache, and Zuñi, have a taboo against fish and other water-related animals, including waterfowl. Dishes Bokkoms Bouillabaisse Bourdeto Ceviche Cioppino Crab stick Crappit heid Croquette Curanto Dressed herring Fish and chips Fish ball Fish chowder Fish slice Fishcake Fishstick Gefilte fish Kamaboko Kipper Lox Machher Jhol Paella Poke (Hawaii) Pompano en Papillote Quenelles Lyonnaises Rakfisk Remoulade Rissole Sashimi Seafood birdsnest Smoked salmon Soused herring Stargazy pie Surimi Surströmming Sushi Tuna fish sandwich Ukha See also Anisakis Boneless Fish Boning knife Fish head Fish products Fishmonger Got Mercury? Ichthyoallyeinotoxism Kudoa thyrsites List of fish dishes Lists of foods List of commercially important fish species List of seafood dishes Oily fish Maguro bōchō Pescetarianism Phosphatidylserine Seafood Watch References Bibliography Aquamedia, "Consumption of Fishery Products" retrieved from https://web.archive.org/web/20060223203558/http://www.feap.info/economics/Tradebalance_en.asp on