Married conversi – continued to live with their family, but partially or fully abstained from conjugal relations. Voluntary pilgrims – went on pilgrimages to the Holy Land or to more local shrines if that were not possible. Hermits – lived alone or with one or two companions in the wild, in grottos and caves or even in the hollows of trees. Religious virgins – not nuns, lived with family Recluses – women who consecrated themselves to God without entering a religious institution Character of penitents Attire – tunic, walking-stick, cincture (belt), knapsack, sandals; symbol was often a Tau Cross after St. Anthony of the Desert. Charitable works – most often in hospitals and hospices and leprosaria (hospitalers); restoring churches and burying the dead. Life of Prayer. Abstinence – from feasts and shows and dances, avoidance of drunkenness and gluttony. Prohibited from public office or from riding horses. Forbidden to take up arms or to take an oath. Orders of penitents Umiliati The Umiliati were established in northern Italy. Innocent III approved their way of life or "Propositum" in 1201. In 1208 he approved the "Propositum" of the Poveri Cattolici and in 1210 that of the Poveri Lombardi. Penitents of Assisi Established as a lay order by St. Francis of Assisi, their full name was viri poenitentiales de civitate Assisii oriundi ("penitents from the town of Assisi") Eventually they became the Secular Franciscan Order. Penitents or Hermits of St. John the Baptist A community near Pamplona in the Kingdom of Navarre, leading a life of mortification and silence, and assembling only for the chanting of the Divine Office. They received the approbation of Gregory XIII (c. 1515), who appointed a provincial for them. A community founded in France about 1630 by Michel de Sabine for the reform of abuses among the hermits. Only those of the most edifying lives were chosen as members, and rules were drawn up which were approved for their dioceses by the Bishops of Metz and LePuy en Velay. Canons Regular of the Penitence of the Blessed Martyrs There are various opinions as to the period of foundation, some dating it back to the time of Pope Cletus, but it is certain that the order was flourishing in Poland and Lithuania in the second half of the thirteenth century, the most important monastery being that of St. Mark at Cracow, where the religious lived under the Rule