of this style of case is the lack of heat sinking. Transistors and ICs of these types cannot handle as much power as higher-power equivalents, such as the TO-220, and can burn out quickly if they dissipate excessive power. There is no standard pinout for the TO-92. The American BJTs use the E-B-C pinout while their Japanese counterparts use the E-C-B pinout and some RF devices use the B-E-C pinout. Voltage and current Although TO-92 devices are mainly used in low-voltage / low-current (<30 V; <1 A) applications, high-voltage (600 Volt Vce) and high-current (5 A Ic) devices are available. Nominal maximum power dissipation is less than one watt (600 mW). Variants For diodes or integrated circuits with two connections (e.g. temperature sensors) the middle lead is either not connected or omitted entirely. In the late 1960s, Ferranti introduced a smaller package with a compatible footprint, called "E-Line". This package was later standardized as a British Standard (but not by JEDEC) and remained in production with Ferranti Semiconductors' successor companies (Plessey, Zetex Semiconductors, Diodes Incorporated). In East Germany the E-Line package was known as the "Miniplast" package and widely used by Kombinat Mikroelektronik Erfurt. Standards Common components in a TO-92 package Common transistors: BC548, general purpose NPN transistor BC558, general purpose PNP transistor 2N3904, general purpose NPN transistor 2N3906, general purpose PNP transistor 2N7000, N-channel FET BS170, N-channel FET, similar to 2N7000 PN2222A, a "plastic" version of the original 2N2222 NPN transistor which came in a TO-18 package Other common components: MK484, AM radio integrated circuit 78Lxx series, voltage regulator integrated circuits TL431, voltage regulator integrated circuit References External links TO-92 Package, EESemi.com Essay about TO92 housings (German) by Dipl.-Ing. Bernd Wiebus at German national library server. Semiconductor packages