Maksym Zalizniak (, Maksym Zaliznyak) (born early 1740s in Medvedivka near Chyhyryn - date and place of death unknown, after 1768) was a Ukrainian Cossack and leader of the Koliivshchyna rebellion. History Zaliznyak was born in a poor peasant family of Orthodox Christians in the Crown land in Polish Right-bank Ukraine about 1740. At a very young age he joined the Zaporozhian Host of Sich in 1753 as an agricultural employee, then a fishery one. By 1767 he had retired both from Sich and his canteen trade and became a lay brother at near Chyhyryn. He learnt that there was a lot of Russian money (false Dutch ducats) in the monastery and in many parts of Ukraine to fund an uprising against Bar confederation. Witnessing Bar confederation oppression of Ukrainian peasants in right-bank Ukraine Zaliznyak decided to divide ducats among rank-and-file Ukrainians, left the monastery and led an uprising of over 1,000 cossacks and of many others throughout right-bank Ukraine. He called himself a colonel of Zaporozhian Sich although the people often called him an Otaman. In fact he was the employee of Zaporozhian Cossacks and then the owner of a canteen in Turkish Ochakov. This was very dangerous for him because he could be sent to Turkey by the Russian army after his imprisonment to investigate his canteen activities. But as reported the otoman of his regiment Vasily Korzh in July 1768 to Russian prosecutors Maxim apart from his service as an employee had had military training in artillery and was a subcannoneer of Tymashevsky kouren (regiment) in Sich up to 1762 and thus a Russian subject by July 1768. His otoman knew nothing about the honesty of activities of the Maxim's canteen in Ochakov and about his decision to become a monk and had no connection to him for many years. The main reasons for the uprising were the brutal enforcement of new religious and social-economic laws implemented by the Polish nobility (szlachta) during the Bar Confederation which was very negative regarding Orthodox Christianity and even Eastern Catholics. Bar confederation members were used to hang a Uniate clergyman, a Jew and a dog on a single tree to emphasize that the Uniate faith and Orthodox one (the clergymen had the same clothes) were the same with the faith of dogs and Jews. People of Zaliznyak were used to hang Roman Catholic clergymen/noblemen together with Jews and dogs in