without its base. A musician using a string instrument would accent a note by playing the string harder and with more attack creating a louder sound. Compound articulations Occasionally, articulations can be combined to create stylistically or technically correct sounds. For example, when staccato marks are combined with a slur, the result is portato, also known as articulated legato. Tenuto markings under a slur are called (for bowed strings) hook bows. This name is also less commonly applied to staccato or martellato (martelé) markings. Apagados Apagados (from the Spanish verb apagar, "to mute") refers to notes that are played dampened or "muted," without sustain. The term is written above or below the notes with a dotted or dashed line drawn to the end of the group of notes that are to be played dampened. The technique is chiefly written for bowed or plucked instruments. Modernists refer to the 'apogado' (slightly different spelling) as "palm mute." On the guitar, the musician dampens the strings with the palm of the hand and plucks with the thumb. Strictly speaking, the term dampened is correct for this effect in music; since to mute means to silence. Illustration of the apagados may be found in the work of the composer for Spanish guitar, Gerardo de Altona. See also List of musical symbols: Articulation Marks Prosody (music) Tonguing Notes References Bibliography Cooper, Helen (1985). Basic Guide to How to Read Music. . External links GNU Lilypond Notation Software's List of Articulation Symbols