seeds. Pollination involves a range of different animals, and several types of rewards. Floral resin occurs in many, probably most species of Clusia. The resin is produced by the stamens (by sterile stamens, referred to as staminodes, in pistillate flowers) and is collected by bees that use it in nest construction. Nectar is most common in montane species, e.g. Clusia clusioides, and these flowers are visited by insects such as moths and wasps, and sometimes by bats or hummingbirds. In flowers lacking nectar or resin, pollination may be carried out by pollen-eating beetles, which visit also the rewardless pistillate flowers, as observed in Clusia criuva. Clusia blattophila is pollinated by male cockroaches attracted by a pheromone-containing fluid produced by the flowers. Seeds are dispersed by birds and perhaps, in some cases, by small mammals. Clusia plants provide excellent nesting sites for some insects. For instance, Clusia grandiflora, a common species in Guianese forests, is an attractive place for Polistes pacificus wasps to build their paper nests because arboreal ants, which often prey on these wasps, do not normally reside in this species of tree. Uses The wood of Clusia is highly durable, and is sometimes used for roof construction. The latex and the floral resin have antiseptic properties and have been used to seal wounds. Dry latex is sometimes burned like incense in churches. A few species are grown as house plants, or, in tropical areas, as ornamental trees and shrubs. Examples are Clusia rosea, C. major and C. orthoneura. Selected species Clusia alata Clusia amazonica Clusia blattophila Clusia bracteosa Clusia carinata Clusia caudata Clusia celiae Clusia clarendonensis Clusia clusioides Clusia cochlitheca Clusia croatii Clusia colombiana Clusia columnaris Clusia congestiflora Clusia crenata Clusia cuneifolia Clusia cupulata Clusia decussata Clusia dixonii Clusia ducu Clusia ducuoides Clusia duidae Clusia elliptica Clusia flava Clusia flavida Clusia fluminensis Planch. & Triana Clusia fockeana Clusia frigida Clusia fructiangusta Clusia garciabarrigae Clusia gardneri Clusia grandiflora Clusia gundlachii Clusia hammeliana Clusia haugtii Clusia hilariana Clusia hydrogera Clusia hyleae Clusia insignis Clusia lanceolata Clusia latipes Clusia laurifolia Clusia laxiflora Clusia leprantha Clusia lineata Clusia longipetiolata Clusia longistyla Clusia loretensis Clusia magnoliiflora Clusia major Clusia melchiorii Clusia mexiensis Clusia minor Clusia minutiflora Clusia nemorosa Clusia nubium Clusia octandra Clusia orthoneura Clusia osseocarpa Clusia pallida Clusia palmicida Clusia panapanari Clusia paralicola G.Mariz 1972 Clusia penduliflora Clusia pernambucensis Clusia platystigma Clusia plurivalvis Clusia polystigma Clusia portlandiana Clusia pseudomangle Clusia pulcherrima Clusia