buses. This is expected to grow to 1,388 by the end of 2020. In the provinces of Groningen and Drenthe 47% of buses are electric, in Limburg 37% and in North Holland 31%. The main manufacturers are VDL (486 of the existing 770) Ebusco (110), Heuliez (49) and BYD (44). In 2015, the Dutch public transport authorities agreed to buy only emission-free buses from 2025 onwards, and to make the entire fleet emission-free by 2030. Amsterdam In December 2018 GVB ordered 31 electric buses from VDL, with an option for 69 more buses. They entered service on 2 April 2020 on routes 15, 22 and 36, and are 9 Citeas SLF-120 Electric, with 216 kWh batteries 22 articulated Citeas SLFA-180 Electric, with 288 kWh batteries The buses recharge through a pantograph from 31 8 MW Heliox fast chargers at the Garage West depot on Jan Tooropstraat and seven 45 kW chargers at Sloterdijk station. EBS (Egged Bus Systems), which primarily serves Waterland to the north of Amsterdam, has also ordered 10 electric buses from VDL. Arnhem Arnhem has the Netherlands's only trolleybus network, which opened in 1949 and operates 46 articulated buses on six routes. Eindhoven On 11 December 2016 Hermes introduced 43 fully electric VDL 18-metre buses in Eindhoven, driving a daily distance of 400 km each. In 2017 this was the biggest all-electric bus operation of Europe. Haaglanden For use on its Haaglanden network EBS is using 116 electric buses: 23 VDL Citea LLE 99 Electrics for Zoetermeer and Delft () 93 Mercedes-Benz Citaro NGT Hybrids for other routes (83 and 10 articulated) Rotterdam In 2018 Rotterdam ordered 55 electric buses from VDL and in 2019 obtained a European Investment Bank loan to buy a further 105 electric and 103 hybrids. Schiphol Since March 2018, 100 VDL Citea articulated electric buses operated by Connexxion have served Schiphol airport. The buses have a battery capacity of 170 kWh and a range of 80 kilometres. They are charged during the day by Heliox 450 kW fast chargers, taking between 15 and 25 minutes. Overnight, 30 kW slow charges take 4–5 hours. They are powered by 100% renewable energy, from wind power and solar panels at the depots. The buses serve two different networks: R-net: routes 242, 342, 347 and 347 with a total length of 78 km Schipholnet: routes 180, 181, 185, 186, 187, 190, 191, 194, 195, 198, 199