solidarity." In the German context, the "Three Arrows" logo was a social democratic symbol designed by Sergei Chakhotin, former assistant to the physiologist Ivan Pavlov in 1931. The circular logo was designed so as to be able to easily cover Nazi swastikas. The three arrows originally stood for the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) opposition to three enemies of democracy: communism, monarchism, and fascism (in Germany: Nazism). Footnotes External links Official Website Socialist Party USA Youth wings of political parties in the United States