be taken by walkers, as the weather conditions on Mount Cargill are notoriously unpredictable and can change very rapidly. The peak is, along with the similarly high Flagstaff one of the highest points surrounding Dunedin, and as such, it is a popular lookout. From the summit, views can be obtained of the entire Dunedin urban area, as well as a considerable stretch of open countryside and much of Otago's coastline, from Shag Point near Palmerston to Nugget Point in The Catlins. Particularly notable is the view of the Otago Peninsula and Otago Harbour, the entire length of which can be seen from the summit. Geology Mount Cargill, and the nearby smaller peaks are among the youngest parts of the massive extinct Dunedin Volcano and was formed between 16 and 10 million years ago. Its peak comprises a nepheline phonolite dome, an intrusion through earlier pyroclastics and phonolite flows, suggesting that the volcanic origins of the peak were as a pyroclastic cone, followed by a plugging with the nepheline dome. Buttar's Peak and Mt. Zion are similar, smaller domes. Mt. Holmes is a more distinct plug, featuring the columnar jointed basalt of the Organ Pipes. Demographics The Mount Cargill statistical area includes Waitati, Pūrākaunui and Aramoana. It covers and had an estimated population of as of with a population density of people per km2. Mount Cargill had a population of 2,016 at the 2018 New Zealand census, an increase of 240 people (13.5%) since the 2013 census, and an increase of 261 people (14.9%) since the 2006 census. There were 798 households. There were 1,038 males and 975 females, giving a sex ratio of 1.06 males per female. The median age was 47.0 years (compared with 37.4 years nationally), with 390 people (19.3%) aged under 15 years, 192 (9.5%) aged 15 to 29, 1,119 (55.5%) aged 30 to 64, and 312 (15.5%) aged 65 or older. Ethnicities were 92.9% European/Pākehā, 7.9% Māori, 0.9% Pacific peoples, 2.4% Asian, and 3.6% other ethnicities (totals add to more than 100% since people could identify with multiple ethnicities). The proportion of people born overseas was 23.7%, compared with 27.1% nationally. Although some people objected to giving their religion, 62.9% had no religion, 25.1% were Christian, 0.1% were Hindu, 0.7% were Buddhist and 3.9% had other religions. Of those at least 15 years old, 639 (39.3%) people had a bachelor or higher degree, and 189 (11.6%)