the nation. Buchez was, at that time, president of the assembly. Faithful to his convictions and trust in the people, he did not call for the use of force to clear the chamber. This calm response earned Buchez scorn and loud criticism from prominent assembly members. Tocqueville in his Recollections described this day, disdainfully recalling Buchez's conduct: "Buchez" he wrote, "the president, whom some would make out to be a rascal and others a saint, but who, on that day, was a great blockhead, rang his bell with all his might to obtain silence, as though the silence of that multitude was not, under the circumstances, more to be dreaded than its cries." He speedily showed he did not possess the qualities needed in such a situation. He retained the position only for a short time. After the dissolution of the assembly he was not re-elected. Retirement Thrown back into private life, he resumed his studies, and added several works to those already mentioned. A Traité de politique (published 1866), which may be considered as the completion of his Traité de philosophie, was the most important of the productions of the last period of his life. His brochures are very numerous and on a great variety of subjects, medical, historical, political, philosophical, etc. He died on 12 August 1865. He found a disciple of considerable ability in A. Ott, who advocated and applied his principles in various writings. References Sources Armand Cuvillier, Un journal d'ouvriers : "L'atelier" (1840–1850), Éditions Ouvrières, Paris, 1954. Notice de l'Université de l'Ohio sur "L'Atelier" 1796 births 1866 deaths People from Namur (province) Saint-Simonists French republicans Members of the 1848 Constituent Assembly French scholars Walloon people Burials at Père Lachaise Cemetery French Christian socialists Catholic socialists Utopian socialists