a tribute to be paid to the Turushkas (Ghaznavids), or a tax towards potential war expenses involving Turushka enemies. Some scholars, such as Sten Konow, had theorized this to be a tax imposed on Turushkas (Muslim Turkic people), implying that the Gahadavalas persecuted Muslim subjects — this has fallen out of favor with modern scholars. List of rulers Chandradeva (c. 1089-1103 CE) Madanapala (c. 1104-1113 CE) Govindachandra (c. 1114-1155 CE Vijayachandra (c. 1155-1169 CE), alias Vijayapala or Malladeva Jayachandra (c. 1170-1194 CE), called Jaichand in vernacular legends Harishchandra (c. 1194-1197 CE) Adakkamalla, attested by a 1237 CE inscription, may have been the successor of Harishchandra. But this cannot be said with certainty. References Bibliography Further reading Dynasties of India History of Uttar Pradesh History of Bihar Rathores Dynasties of the Rajputs Kingdoms of Bihar