given an attributive meaning through one of four adnominal suffixes. Adnominal suffix : Past event for action verbs, achieved state for adjectival verbs Adnominal suffix : Habitual action in the past Adnominal suffix : Nonpast/present event or state, commonly habitual; cannot occur with other suffixes and must combine directly with the bare verb stem; can occur with adjectival verbs, unlike in Korean Adnominal suffix : Future/conjectural event or state Pre-final suffixes Jeju has a number of pre-final verbal suffixes: tense-aspect-mood markers which follow the verb stem but cannot appear at the end of the inflected verb. The exact number of these suffixes is unclear because scholars disagree on the correct morphological segmentation. One analysis of the suffix paradigm, as presented in Yang C., Yang S., and O'Grady 2019, is given below. There is relatively widespread agreement on the existence of the following four discrete TAM morphemes, presented in the order they co-occur: the continuative aspect marker , the perfective aspect marker , the prospective mood marker , and the realis mood marker . Depending on the analysis of the aforementioned epenthetical vowels that precede many verbal suffixes, the base forms of the three morphemes may alternately be analyzed as , , , and . is an imperfective or continuative aspect particle, referring to a process perceived as ongoing and similar to the English construction "be VERB-ing." With an adjectival verb, it has an inchoative ("beginning to; become") meaning. A verb with is interpreted as either present or future by default, and some analyses interpret the particle as also conveying the present tense for specific events and states. The suffix has a vowel-harmonic variant , as well as allomorphs , , and when following certain vowels. Often characterized as a perfective aspect marker, has also been described as a present perfect marker and as behaving as a perfective marker with some verbs and as a past tense marker with others. can express non-past events in certain constructions that call for verbs "conceptualized in their entirety," such as a hypothetical future event. In adjectival verbs, it may also refer to a current state that contrasts with a past situation. can also be doubled for a habitual or a past perfect interpretation. Also like , this suffix takes the vowel-harmonic variant and has allomorphs , , and after certain vowels. The prospective mood marker marks the subject's intention in first-person-subject declarative sentences or