Bar-chee-am-pe, or Pine Leaf, who may be identified with Woman Chief. Some details of Pine Leaf's life match what is known of Woman Chief, though Beckwourth's account appears to be greatly exaggerated, if not entirely fictional. Beckwourth claimed to have met Pine Leaf while living with the Crow in the 1820s. He wrote that she was a formidable warrior who vowed to kill one hundred enemies before she would marry. He further claimed to have had a romantic relationship with her and to have proposed marriage. Among those challenging Beckwourth's account was Bernard DeVoto, who wrote that Beckwourth is reliable save for three areas: numbers, romance, and his own importance. Beside Woman Chief there were other known warrior women of the Crow Nation, including Akkeekaahuush (Comes Toward The Near Bank, c. 1810 – 1880) and Biliíche Héeleelash (Among The Willows, c. 1837 – 1912), the latter a prominent war leader (pipe carrier). Further reading Benjamin Capps: Woman Chief, new ed. 2002: Chivers Press. novel, fictionalizing the life of Pine leaf, based on the few established facts. First ed. 1979: Doubleday. Rose Sobol: Woman Chief, 1976: Dial Press. References Year of birth unknown 1854 deaths Crow tribe Female Native American leaders Native American women in warfare Two-spirit people Women in 19th-century warfare Year of birth uncertain 19th-century Native American women 19th-century Native Americans