February at Mont-Valérien. The execution of Olga Bancic was suspended for further enquiry and because French law prohibited executing women by firing squad. In a new sentence passed on her birthday of 10 May 1944 at Stuttgart, she was condemned to death. She was beheaded shortly after the sentencing. One accused, Migratulski, was transferred to French jurisdiction. Following the trial and executions, the Germans created a poster with a red background, featuring ten men of the Manouchian group with their names, photos and alleged crimes; it became known as l'Affiche Rouge. The Germans distributed thousands of copies of the poster around the city to encourage Parisians to think of the partisans as criminal foreigners and "not French", and discourage resistance; instead, the Affiches Rouges inspired citizens to more actions. Some marked the posters with phrases such as Morts pour la France! (They died for France.) Structure of the FTP-MOI Paris region, Groupe Manouchian The group in Paris was commanded by Boris Holban from April 1942 to July 1943. From July 1943 to November 1943, the group was led by Joseph Epstein and Missak Manouchian. Holban commanded the group again from December 1943 to August 1944. The armed group had the following members: Celestino Alfonso — Spaniard Olga Bancic — Jewish Romanian Joseph Boczov — Jewish Hungarian Georges Cloarec — French Breton Rino Della Negra— French Italian Thomas Elek — Jewish Hungarian Maurice Fingercwajg — Polish Jew Spartaco Fontano — Italian Imre Glasz — Jewish Hungarian Jonas Geduldig — Polish Jew Elise Gerchinovitz - French Jew Léon Goldberg — Polish Jew Szlama Grzywacz — Polish Jew Stanislas Kubacki — Polish Arpen Tavitian — Armenian Cesare Luccarini — Italian Missak Manouchian — Armenian Marcel Rayman — Polish Jew Roger Rouxel — French Antonio Salvadori — Italian Willy Schapiro — Polish Jew Arsène Tchakarian — Armenian. Tchakarian, the last surviving member of the Manouchian Group, died on August 4, 2018, at the age of 101. Amadeo Usseglio— Italian Wolf Wajsbrot — Polish Jew Robert Witchitz — French Lyon region, Compagnie Carmagnole-Liberté The armed group Carmagnole in Lyon and the armed group Liberté in Grenoble had the following members: Herbert Herz Léon Centner Jacques Viktorovitch Léon Landini Simon Fryd Elie Amselem Max Tzwangue Léon Rabinovitch Léopold Rabinovitch Paul Mossovic Francis Chapochnik Herbert Herz was a member of both groups. Toulouse region, 35th Brigade The 35th Brigade took its name from the thirty-five divisions of