the Comintern in 1935. In 1937, he went to Spain during the Spanish Civil War of 1936-1939. He then went to Paris, and in 1938 returned to Yugoslavia, where he was arrested at the border again. Cesarec, who had discovered his literary talent in his teenage years, became known as one of the leading Croatian literary figures of his time. He initially wrote a number of poems, which were often an expression of his feelings and ideas on social and political issues. He later stopped writing poems and switched to prose. He wrote about seventy works of prose, most of them short stories and novellas, with some novels, a handful of dramas and some travel memoirs (not all of which were literary). The bulk of these were written between 1922 and 1932. Only a third of these had been published during his lifetime. Posthumously, his novels Careva kraljevina, Zlatni mladić and Bjegunci achieved the most acclaim, in addition to the short story Tonkina jedina ljubav. Together with Miroslav Krleža he was one of the founders of the literary magazine Plamen in 1919. Cesarec had a significant body of work in literary magazines, over 200 articles in total, two collections of which were separately published in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. Cesarec was a known polemicist, having contributed to Plamen, Borba, Književna republika, Komunista, Zaštita čovjeka, Nova riječ and Izraz. He often argued for Marxist points of view, having redacted and prepared for print the Serbo-Croatian translation of Das Kapital made by Moše Pijade and Rodoljub Čolaković. At the same time, Cesarec advocated for the Croatian peasant movements led by Stjepan Radić, against Greater Serbian hegemony, and was one of the first people at the time to publicly recognize the Macedonians as a nation. He was also one of the first people among his contemporaries in Yugoslavia to write about Adler's individual psychology. Another one of the topics he was known for was arguing against the regressive nature of fascism and evaluating the work of Ante Starčević and Eugen Kvaternik as revolutionaries and against the clerical and Frankist (far-right) interpretations. As World War II started in Europe, he provided insightful analysis of world events and predicted the demise of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact. In March 1941, a few days before the Axis invasion of Yugoslavia, he was arrested and interned in Kerestinec prison in Croatia, together with some 90 leading members of the