Varnsdorf (; , ) is a town in the Ústí nad Labem Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 15,000 inhabitants. It lies on the border with Germany. Administrative parts Villages of Studánka and Světliny 1.díl are administrative parts of Varnsdorf. Geography Varnsdorf is located about northeast of Děčín. It lies in the salient region of Šluknov Hook, on the border with Germany. Varnsdorf is situated in the Lusatian Highlands. The highest point is the hill Špičák, at . The Mandau river flows through the town. History The first written mention of Varnsdorf is from 1357. In 1681 Varnsdorf with the whole manor was purchased by the House of Liechtenstein and it remained in their possession until 1919. In 1849, Old Varnsdorf merged with five municipalities and created a new municipality called Varnsdorf. It was the largest municipality in Austrian Empire by population without town rights. In 1868, Warnsdorf became a town. Prior to the end of World War I, Varnsdorf was part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Following that war, the Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye incorporated it, together with the region of Bohemia, into the new country of Czechoslovakia. Before the Holocaust, 211 Jews lived in Varnsdorf. Following the end of World War II, its ethnic German population was mostly expelled to Germany, and the official spelling of its name was changed from the German "Warnsdorf" to the Czech "Varnsdorf". In 1980, the municipality of Studánka joined Varnsdorf. Demographics Around 2,500 Buddhist Vietnamese live in and around Varnsdorf. In 2008 the Thien An Buddhist Pagoda was consecrated in Varnsdorf, the first Vietnamese Buddhist temple in the Czech Republic. Economy Varnsdorf is an industrial centre of the region. The town became well known for the texile industry. Its tradition here dates back to 1777, when the Velveta company was founded and became a significant manufacturer of cotton fabrics, especially for clothing purposes. Other big textile company with headquarters in Varnsdorf is Frottana, producer of towels. The engineering industry is represented by Továrny obráběcích strojů – TOS company (machine tools manufacturer) and KWL s.r.o., producer of cable harnesses. Varnsdorf is also home to the Kocour Brewery, who make a range of ales, including American style IPA and a stout. Transport Varnsdorf has road border crossings to the Saxon towns of Seifhennersdorf and Großschönau, and a railway border crossing to Großschönau. Varnsdorf lies on a regional railway line from Seifhennersdorf to Liberec, and