Terminology Wolf hunting historically gave rise to a vast vocabulary: Berkut: A tame golden eagle used to hunt wolves in Central Asia. Grand vieux loup: An old, solitary male wolf. Loup Chevalier: A wolf which regularly attacks horses. Loup lévrier: A wolf exceptionally fast in the chase. Loup Moutonnier: A wolf which regularly attacks sheep. Louve: A female wolf. La Louveterie: Wolf hunting. Louvetier royal Modern day offshoot of the luparii. Now serves an administrative function regulating vermin and maintaining healthy wildlife populations. Lovière: A wolf den. Luparii: An elite corps of crown funded officials whose purpose was to control wolf populations in France during the Middle Ages. Lycisca: A wolf-dog hybrid. Outlaw wolf: A wolf which regularly killed livestock in America. Wolfer: Both professional and civilian wolf hunters who operated in North America in the 19th and early 20th centuries. Wolfhound: A dog bred or trained to hunt wolves. Methods Aerial shooting Aerial shooting involves the tracking of wolves via a small airplane or helicopter and is considered by many to be the most effective method of wolf control. It was frequently used in the Soviet Union during its wolf control campaigns, starting in 1946 when the Chief Directorate of Aviation received reports that pilots flying at low altitudes frequently saw wolves. Polikarpov Po-2s and Antonov An-2s were the most frequently used models. The normal protocol was for the pilot to search frontally, and the shooter sideways. 70%-80% of wolves were first sighted by the pilot. Rocket guns would be fired into dense brush in order to scare wolves out into the open. Markers were thrown at the site of each kill for later collection. Actual shooting was done from the rear cockpit or left side when at a distance of 18–20 metres from the quarry. An experienced shooter could spot a standing wolf a kilometre away at heights of up to 100–140 metres. Most wolves were killed when the planes flew at speeds of 70 to 85 km/h. The load limit of a Po-2 was 2 men and 5 adult wolves; the rear cockpit could hold 4 wolves, while the shooter's cockpit could hold 2, or carcasses could be tied to the fuselage or wings of the plane. Aerial hunting has been discontinued in the former Soviet Union because of budget restraints. Wolf hunting is still practiced this way in the U.S. state of Alaska. "Congress passed the