general (Chamber of Deputies) and European Parliament elections since 1913 are shown in the chart below. Electoral results Italian Parliament European Parliament Leadership Secretary: Alberto Giovannini (1922–1924), Quintino Piras (1924–1926), Giovanni Cassandro (1944), Manlio Brosio (1944–1945), Leone Cattani (1945–1946), Giovanni Cassandro (1946–1947), Roberto Lucifero (1947–1948), Bruno Villabruna (1948–1954), Alessandro Leone di Tavagnasco (1954), Giovanni Malagodi (1954–1972), Agostino Bignardi (1972–1976), Valerio Zanone (1976–1985), Alfredo Biondi (1985–1986), Renato Altissimo (1986–1993), Raffaele Costa (1993–1994) President: Emilio Borzino (1922–1925), Benedetto Croce (1944–1947), Raffaele De Caro (1947–1961), Gaetano Martino (1961–1967), Vittorio Badini Confalonieri (1967–1972), Giovanni Malagodi (1972–1976), Agostino Bignardi (1976–1979), Aldo Bozzi (1979–1987), Salvatore Valitutti (1988–1991), Valerio Zanone (1991–1993), Alfredo Biondi (1993–1994) Party Leader in the Chamber of Deputies: Vittorio Emanuele Orlando (1946), Luigi Einaudi (1946), Francesco Saverio Nitti (1946–1947), Epicarmo Corbino (1947–1948), Raffaele De Caro (1948–1961), Giovanni Malagodi (1961–1971), Aldo Bozzi (1971–1987), Paolo Battistuzzi (1987–1993), Savino Melillo (1993–1994) Symbols References 1922 establishments in Italy 1994 disestablishments in Italy Centre-right parties in Europe Classical liberal parties Conservative liberal parties Conservative parties in Italy Defunct political parties in Italy Formerly banned political parties Liberal parties in Italy Political parties established in 1922 Political parties disestablished in 1994