independent channel, which operated on a lease agreement with the ZBC. This channel lasted until 2002, when it was controversially taken off the air for allegedly violating the Broadcasting Services Act. During the 2002 presidential elections, the nightly news bulletin Newshour gave extensive coverage to the rallies of the ruling party, amounting to a quarter of airtime. In 2003, a study conducted by the Media Monitoring Project of Zimbabwe (MMPZ) in 2003 showed that one of the propaganda jingles, Rambai Makashinga or "Continue Persevering", was being played 288 times a day on the four ZBC radio stations, and 72 times a day on ZBC television. In 2008, it found that 90 per cent of the ZBC's bulletins during the March elections were devoted to positive coverage of ZANU-PF, while in both the March and June elections, it dedicated 200 hours of coverage to ZANU-PF but just over 16 to the opposition Movement for Democratic Change (MDC), most of which was negative. In 2015, Freedom House described ZBC coverage as overwhelmingly favouring ZANU-PF. Radio ZBC has six radio networks, which are; National FM - broadcasting news and current affairs in various indigenous languages, Radio Zimbabwe - broadcasts only in Shona and Ndebele, Power Fm (formerly Radio 3 / 3FM) - broadcasting pop music, Classic 263 (formerly Spot FM or SFM) - carrying sports, news and current affairs Khulumani FM - station designed for the metropolitan province of Bulawayo and Matabeleland region 95.8 Central Radio - broadcasting for Gweru. Local radio stations run hourly news bulletins which range from two minutes to the longest being a ten-minute bulletin on weekends and holidays. Presenters include, Admire Mhungu, Innocent Manyenga, Memory Chamisa and Keith Mawoyo. On the national languages desk readers include Nqobile Malinga, Patience Machokoto, Taboka Ncube, Faith Nare, Lucy Ngosolo and Caroline Sithole. Bulletins come out live on Classic 263 at 7 am, 8 am, 1 pm, 6 pm and 8 pm and running from Monday to Friday. The anchors are Nomalanga Vuma, Theophilus Chuma, Ian Zvoma, Butler Nhepure and Jonathan Marerwa. Television ZBC's television service now consists of a single channel, known as ZBC TV. The ZBC re-established a second TV channel of its own, Channel 2, in April 2010, but this station was decommissioned in August 2015. On 28 April 2022, ZBC launched Zimbabwe's first youth-oriented television channel, Jive TV. News bulletins include the morning Good Morning Zimbabwe, produced by