or machines, and must appear in Dzongkha and English. In certain cases, ballots may be mailed by overseas officials, civil servants, and military. All ballot boxes and machines are sealed and secured at the end of voting by Presiding Officers and transmitted to Dzongkhag Election Officers. If ballots are destroyed or tainted by substantial error or irregularity, a fresh poll is required. Exit polls outside polling stations are banned. Votes are counted under the general supervision of the Returning Officer, supported by Counting Officers selected from among Election Officers so that no Officer counts the votes from his station. Those who can be present include candidates and their representatives; observers appointed by the Election Commission; counting staff; public servants aiding elections; and other persons authorized by the Election Commission. Votes are subjected to scrutiny, may be viewed but not touched by those other than counting staff, and may be rejected for a variety of reasons detailed below. The result is tallied by the Returning Officer, and there is a separate procedure proscribed for recounts when demanded by a party, candidate, or representative within 24 hours of the result upon reasonable grounds. The results of any count or recount are published, and successful candidates are notified by their respective bodies. In the event of disputes surrounding elections and candidates, the Election Act provides a substantive and procedural framework for petitions, trials, and withdrawals and abatements of petitions. The Election Act also provides a procedural framework for appeals to the Supreme Court for Parliamentary offices, and to the High Court for local government offices. Challenging identity, provisional votes, and rejection of votes Election Representatives may challenge the identity of voters and refer them to the Presiding Officer of the polling place. It is within the Officer's discretion to debar the voter, however if he finds a Representative's challenge to constitute harassment of voters or obstruction of smooth polling, the representative may be ejected. Those voters whose identity likewise fails scrutiny of the Presiding Officer are allowed to swear an oath, file an affidavit, and cast a provisional vote, which is sealed in an envelope. The consideration of provisional ballots is left to the discretion of election commission, and no particular procedure is described under the Election Act. Votes may otherwise be rejected if they are blank, are unauthenticated by the Presiding Officer, are illegible, indicate more than one selection for a given