of exercise and require 30 points a week to maintain the Training Effect. Cooper instead recommended a "12-minute test" (the Cooper test) followed by adherence to the appropriate starting-up schedule in his book. As always, he recommends that a physical exam should precede any exercise program. The physiological effects of training have received much further study since Cooper's original work. It is now generally considered that effects of exercise on general metabolic rate (post-exercise) are comparatively small and the greatest effect occurs for only a few hours. Though endurance training does increase the VO2 max of many people, there is considerable variation in the degree to which it increases VO2 max between individuals. See also Aerobics Bill Orban Exercise Exercise physiology Physical fitness Power walking Citations References Aerobics (1968) Run for Your Life: Aerobic Conditioning for Your Heart (1974) The Aerobics Way: New Data on the World's Most Popular Exercise Program (1978) The New Aerobics (1979) Aerobics for Women (1982) The Aerobics Program for Total Well-being: Exercise, Diet, Emotional Balance (1982, 1983) Fitness for Life, 6 Audio Cassettes (1983) Aerobics Program (1985) Running Without Fear (1986) The New Aerobics for Women (1988) Preventing Osteoporosis: Dr. Kenneth H. Cooper's Preventive Medicine Program (1989) Controlling Cholesterol: Dr. Kenneth H. Cooper's Preventative Medicine Program (1989) Reducing Cholesterol: A Heart-Smart Guide to Low-Fat Eating (No Nonsense Health Guide) (1989) Overcoming Hypertension: Dr. Kenneth H. Cooper's Preventive Medicine Program (1990) Kid Fitness: a Complete Shape-up Program From Birth Through High School (1991) Dr. Kenneth H. Cooper's Antioxidant Revolution (1994) Its Better To Believe (1995) Faith-based Fitness The Medical Program That Uses Spiritual Motivation To Achieve Maximum Health And *Add Years To Your Life (1997) Antioxidant Revolution (1997) Can Stress Heal? Converting A Major Health Hazard Into A Surprising Health Benefit (1998) Advanced Nutritional Therapies (1998) Regaining the Power of Youth at Any Age (1998) Discoveries (1999) Controlling Cholesterol the Natural Way Eat Your Way to Better Health With New Breakthrough Food Matters of the Heart: Adventures in Sports Medicine (2007) Start Strong, Finish Strong (2007) External links Cooper Aerobics Center Kenneth H. Cooper Biography 1931 births Living people American Christian writers American exercise and fitness writers Exercise instructors Military personnel from Oklahoma Physicians from Oklahoma United States Air Force Medical Corps officers United States Army Medical Corps officers Writers from Oklahoma City