The Ethnocacerist movement (, also sometimes referred to as the Movimiento Nacionalista Peruano or "Peruvian Nationalist Movement") is a Peruvian ethnic nationalist movement that espouses an ideology called ethnocacerism (). The movement seeks to establish a proletarian dictatorship led by the country's Indigenous communities and their descendants. It draws on the ideas and history of Indigenous and anticolonial movements, including those of Juan Velasco Alvarado, Evo Morales, Abdel Nasser, Muammar Gaddafi, and Che Guevara. Ethnocacerism is considered an Indigenist ideology and is currently represented in mainstream politics by the Union for Peru party and other smaller parties. The ideology is followed by Peruvian militant groups like Asociación Plurinacional de Reservistas del Tahuantinsuyo and Ejército de Reservistas Andino Amazónico – T. The name "ethnocacerism" is composed of two parts: the first evokes Peru's ethnic identity (specifically, its origins with the Quechua, a Native Peruvian people often identified in the popular imagination with the Inca, a pre-Columbian royal group); the second indicates the movement's veneration of 19th century president and war hero Andrés Avelino Cáceres, who led a guerrilla resistance campaign against occupying Chilean troops during the War of the Pacific. Due to the latter, the movement also demands the return of the territories of Arica and Tarapacá that were lost to Chile in the war. Many members of the movement are armed forces veterans of Peru's internal wars or the border disputes with Ecuador in the 1980s and 1990s. History Origins The ideas of ethnocacerism originated from lawyer Isaac Humala and its practice as a doctrine was begun by his sons Ollanta Humala and Antauro Humala in 1987 during the Internal War against the Shining Path. Etnocacerism began as a military doctrine and organizing strategy, not a political doctrine, that was contesting the military doctrine and strategic errors of the Peruvian armed forces, which viewed the Indigenous countryside as a foreign territory and colony. Ollanta Humala explains that Etnocacerism began from the personal experiences of soldiers on the field in clandestine study groups. While critical of high military and political officials, it was not a conspiratorial movement against these official. Rather, Etnocacerism was developed to be an effective military doctrine that spoke to the experiences of Indigenous peoples (Quechua, Aymara, Amazonians), viewed the war as much a political campaign as a military one, and would win over Indigenous peoples in contested territories against the Shining Path. Isaac Humala founded the Instituto