to be this bridge from zapper to loyal fan, being "built up of 'attractions,' short, highly emotionally charged units that can be watched in or out of sequence" (Jenkins 2006:77). American Idol is one such show, as it is "designed to pull in every possible viewer and to give each a reason not to change the channel" (Jenkins 2006:77). This technique has been perfected in American Idol via the cliffhanger commercial breaks and ending, convincing viewers to "stay tuned following these messages" or watch the show the next time it airs (Jenkins 2006:77). Zapping TV shows The format or genre was pioneered with the Italian tv show Blob, and was an instant great success. It was first broadcast on April 17, 1989, and shortly after adopted by CanalPlus in France with Le Zapping. Canal Plus will then spread the format to other EU countries. France Le Zapping (Since September 1989) Le Grand zapping de l'humour Toutes les télés du monde Le Zapping de Tele7 Germany Premiere Zapping (from 1993 to 2006) Italy Blob (Since April 1989) Poland Łapu Capu Spain Alguna Pregunta Més? Top Trending Tele See also Scanner (radio) References External links The Initiative. (9):6-12, October/November 2006. Official Blog of Henry Jenkins Written reviews of Convergence Culture Zapping.io - TV Guide Television terminology History of television