of manslaughter in the law of England and Wales. While the offence charged remains the same there can be a great variation between individual cases including whether or not the act was voluntary or involuntary: Voluntary culpable homicide is homicide where the mens rea for murder is present but mitigating circumstances reduce the crime to culpable homicide. Involuntary culpable homicide is homicide where the mens rea for murder is not present but either the independent mens rea for culpable homicide is present, or the circumstances in which death was caused make it culpable homicide. Involuntary culpable homicide may arise in the context of an unlawful act or a lawful act. The mens rea requirement is different in each case. Singapore "Culpable homicide" is: Whoever causes death by doing an act with the intention of causing death, or with the intention of causing such bodily injury as is likely to cause death, or with the knowledge that he is likely by such act to cause death, commits the offence of culpable homicide. Examples Person A lays sticks and turf over a pit, with the intention of thereby causing death, or with the knowledge that death is likely to be thereby caused. Person Z, believing the ground to be firm, treads on it, falls in and is killed. A has committed the offence of culpable homicide. A knows Z to be behind a bush. B does not know it. A, intending to cause, or knowing it to be likely to cause Z’s death, induces B to fire at the bush. B fires and kills Z. Here B may be guilty of no offence; but A has committed the offence of culpable homicide. South Africa "Culpable homicide" has been defined (in South African law) simply as "the unlawful negligent killing of a human being", the rough equivalent of involuntary manslaughter in Anglo-American law. See also Justifiable homicide Homicide Murder Manslaughter Infanticide Scottish criminal law Corporate Manslaughter and Corporate Homicide Act 2007 Criminal Code (Canada) References Footnotes Notations Strathclyde University Scots law course CanLII - Canadian Legal Information Institute Law of Canada Criminal law legal terminology Scottish criminal law Law of South Africa