a de novo 176T-C transition in exon 1 leading to a leu59-to-arg (L59R) substitution. Diagnosis There is no set criteria used to diagnose Malouf syndrome. Signs and symptoms such as congestive or dilated cardiomyopathy, ovarian dysgenesis in females or primary testicular failure in males, mental retardation, broad nasal base, blepharoptosis, skin lesions, and skeletal abnormalities are used as a reference to diagnosis this rare disease, and genetic testing of the LMNA gene can serve as a way to confirm any diagnosis made. Malouf syndrome was first diagnosed in 1985 by Dr. Joe Malouf. Dr. Malouf examined two sisters who exhibited congestive cardiomyopathy associated with ovarian dysgenesis, secondary hypergonadotropic hypogonadism, bilateral ptosis, and prominent nasal bones. Dr. Malouf noted that this disease may be familial as the two sisters were children of first degree cousins. In 1992, Kouji Narahara examined an 18-year-old girl who displayed the same symptoms seen by Dr. Malouf. Diagnosis of this syndrome is sometimes conflicting as the symptoms displayed match that of other diseases such as limb girdle muscular dystrophy, Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome etc. Management Currently, there is no specific cure or treatment for Malouf syndrome. However, there are ways to manage the symptoms associated with the disease. In order to treat dilated cardiomyopathy, doctors normally use a combination of drugs. Depending on your symptoms, you might need two or more drugs. The following is a list of drugs that are used to treat dilated cardiomyopathy. Drugs: Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors- Type of medicine enlarges blood vessels and lowers blood pressure in order to improve an individual's blood flow. This type of medicine can cause dry cough, low blood pressure, low white blood cell count, and kidney or liver problems. Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs)- Alternative drug that can be used if a person cannot tolerate ACE inhibitors. This drug can cause diarrhea, muscle cramps, and dizziness. Sacubitril/valsartan (Entresto)- Type of Drug that combines ARBs with another medicinal drug to help pump blood from your heart to the rest of your body. This drug is mainly for people with chronic heart failure. Beta-blockers- This type of drug slows your heart rate and lowers you blood pressure. This medication may also prevent the harmful effects of stress hormones. Some of the side effects of this medication include dizziness and low blood pressure. Diuretics- This type of drug removes excess fluid and salt from your body as well as