the tram had been diverted from its normal route). New conduit track was laid in 1951 for the Festival of Britain, which commemorated the Great Exhibition of 1851. The last tram was withdrawn in June 1952 and virtually all the tracks had been removed by the 1970s, although a short section can still be seen at the entrance to the former Kingsway Tramway Subway. Other European hybrid tramway networks included Paris, Nice, Lyon, Lille and Bordeaux in France; Berlin, Vienna and Budapest. In Paris, the conduit sections were frequently very short, requiring cars to change from overhead to conduit and back several times in one journey. The last conduit line in Paris closed in 1936, while the last Bordeaux conduit car ran in 1953. The conduit systems in Berlin, Vienna and Budapest were very short lived, being replaced by overhead wires before World War I. See also Current collector Ground-level power supply Online Electric Vehicle Railway electrification system Third rail Tramway tracks Notes External links Illustrated articles on London's conduits and the Kingsway Tram Subway. Information, photographs and some sound clips about the ground level power supply system currently being used in Bordeaux, France. Electric rail transport Tram technology