of Lake Urmia) (Christian Neo-Aramaic dialect of Urmia) Sopurghan (north of Urmia) Naghadeh (south of Lake Urmia) Salmas (north west of Lake Urmia) Sanandaj (Iranian Kurdistan) (Senaya dialect)Turkey group: Nochiya Jilu (west of Gavar and south of Qudshanis) Gawar (between Salmas and Van) Diza Baz ] Lower Tyari – Dialects of the Tyari group share features with both the Chaldean Neo-Aramaic dialects in Northern Iraq (below) and Urmian (above). Ashita Zawita Halmon/Geramon Mangesh Upper Tyari Walto Upper Barwari Qudshanis (just south of Lake Van) Tkhuma Tal Lewin Bohtan (Neo-Aramaic dialect of Bohtan)northern Iraq (Nineveh Plains)''': Tel Keppe Alqosh Batnaya Qaraqosh Tesqopa Zakho Araden Lower Barwari – The dialect within this group has more in common with Tyari than with Upper Barwari dialect Dooreh Hayes Iraqi Koine Iraqi Koine, also known as Iraqi Assyrian and "Standard" Assyrian, is a compromise between the rural Ashiret accents of Hakkari and Nineveh Plains (listed above) and the former prestigious dialect in Urmia. Iraqi Koine does not really constitute a new dialect, but an incomplete merger of dialects, with some speakers sounding more Urmian, such as those from Habbaniyah, and others more Hakkarian, such as those who immigrated from northern Iraq. Koine is more analogous or similar to Urmian in terms of manner of articulation, place of articulation and its consonant cluster formations than it is to the Hakkari dialects, though it just lacks the regional Persian influence in some consonants and vowels, as the front vowels in Urmian tend to be more fronted and the back ones more rounded. For an English accent equivalence, the difference between Iraqi Koine and Urmian dialect would be akin to the difference between Australian and New Zealand English. During the First World War, many Assyrians living in the Ottoman Empire were forced from their homes, and many of their descendants now live in Iraq. The relocation has led to the creation of this dialect. Iraqi Koine was developed in the urban areas of Iraq (i.e. Baghdad, Basra, Habbaniyah and Kirkuk), which became the meccas for the rural Assyrian population. By the end of the 1950s, vast number of Assyrians started to speak Iraqi Koine. Today, Iraqi Koine is the predominant use of communication between the majority of the Assyrians from Iraqi cities and it is also used as the standard dialect in music and formal speech. Some modern Hakkari speakers from Iraq can switch back and forth from