Capitolina, and the Province of Judaea was renamed Syria Palaestina. At the former Jewish sanctuary on the Temple Mount he installed two statues, one of Jupiter and another of himself. The Jewish–Roman wars had a dramatic impact on the Jews, turning them from a major population in the Eastern Mediterranean into a scattered and persecuted minority. The Jewish–Roman wars are often cited as a disaster to Jewish society. The defeat of the Jewish revolts altered the Jewish population and enhanced the importance of Jewish diaspora, essentially moving the demographic center of Jews from Judea to Galilee and Babylon, with minor communities across the Mediterranean. Although having a sort of autonomy in the Galilee until the 4th century and later a limited success in establishing the short-lived Sasanian Jewish autonomy in Jerusalem in 614–617 CE, Jewish dominance in parts of the Southern Levant was regained only in the mid-20th century, with the founding of the modern state of Israel in 1948 CE. See also History of the Jews in the Roman Empire Siege of Jerusalem (63 BC) by Pompey Siege of Jerusalem (37 BC) by Herod, supported by Rome, against Hasmonean king Antigonus, supported by the Parthians Jewish revolt against Constantius Gallus (351-352 CE), originating in Sepphoris in the Galilee Samaritan revolts (484–572 CE) — Samaritan-incited revolts, originating largely in Neapolis, some with Jewish participation Jewish revolt against Heraclius (614-617/625 CE) — the Jewish revolt during the Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628, originating in Tiberias in the Galilee References Further reading Chancey, Mark A., and Adam Porter. 2001. "The Archaeology of Roman Palestine". Near Eastern Archaeology 64: 164–203. Goodman, Martin. 1989. "Nerva, the Fiscus Judaicus and Jewish identity." Journal of Roman Studies 79: 26–39. Katz, Steven T., ed. 2006. The Cambridge History of Judaism. Vol. 4, The Late Roman-Rabbinic Period. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Magness, Jodi. 2012. The Archaeology of the Holy Land: From the Destruction of Solomon's Temple to the Muslim Conquest. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Pucci Ben Zeev, Miriam. 2005. Diaspora Judaism in turmoil, 116/117 CE: Ancient sources and modern insights. Dudley, MA: Peeters. Schäfer, P., ed. 2003. The Bar Kokhba War reconsidered: New perspectives on the Second Jewish Revolt against Rome. Tübingen, Germany: Mohr Siebeck. Tsafrir, Yoram. 1988. Eretz Israel from the Destruction of the Second Temple until the Muslim Conquest. Vol. 2, Archaeology and Art. Jerusalem: Yad Ben Zvi. 60s conflicts 70s conflicts Jews and Judaism