of Missouri for one single instant the right to dictate to my government in any matter however important, I would see you, and you, and you, and you, and every man, woman, and child in the State, dead and buried! This means war. In an hour one of my officers will call on you and conduct you out of my lines." Jackson returned to the state capital at Jefferson City. Lyon delivered federal troops by steamboat to Jefferson City on June 12, and Jackson fled west to join newly assembled State Guard troops near Boonville. Lyon's men occupied the capital without resistance and pursued Jackson with approximately 1,400 volunteers and U.S. Army regulars. Against the advice of his senior officers, Jackson exercised his authority as Commander-in-Chief and ordered the State Guard to make a stand at Boonville. In the resulting Battle of Boonville on June 17, Lyon's troops routed the State Guard. Jackson, the State Guard, and a few secessionist state legislators escaped to southwest Missouri, near the Arkansas border, leaving most of the state under federal control. The Constitutional Convention reconvened on July 22 and declared the office of Governor vacant due to Jackson's absence. The Convention then voted to appoint former Chief Justice of the Missouri Supreme Court and conservative Unionist Hamilton Rowan Gamble as Governor of the Provisional Government of Missouri. The Lincoln administration recognized Gamble's government. Nativism, mistrust of the federal government, fears for and of slavery, and states' rights issues all played roles in provoking the Camp Jackson affair. The incident immediately polarized the state between Union and Confederate supporters. Where previously, most Missourians had advocated neutrality, many were now forced to take sides. Some Missourians had attempted to find a compromise as "Conditional Unionists", who opposed secession but with conditions: that slavery not be interfered with and that no "coercion" or military force be used against the seceding states of the Confederacy. After the Camp Jackson affair, many of these "Conditional Unionists" became full Confederate supporters, such as former Governor Sterling Price. See also List of incidents of civil unrest in the United States St. Louis in the American Civil War Missouri in the American Civil War Notes Citations Sources Further reading Civil War reenactors of the Turner Brigade of Missouri Volunteers. They include elements of the 1st Missouri Light Artillery, direct descendants of the 1st Missouri Volunteer Infantry, which participated in Camp Jackson