meat packing plants of Chicago were among the first to utilize assembly line (or in this case, disassembly-line) production techniques. Henry Ford states in his autobiography My Life and Work that it was a visit to a Chicago slaughterhouse which opened his eyes to the virtues of employing a moving conveyor system and fixed work stations in industrial applications. These practices symbolize the concept of "rationalized organization of work" to this day. Swift adapted the methods of the industrial revolution to meat packing operations, which resulted in huge efficiency by allowing his plants to produce on a massive scale. The work was divided into myriad specific sub-tasks, which were carried out under the direction of supervisory personnel. Swift & Co. was broken down organizationally into various divisions, each one responsible for conducting a different aspect of the business of "bringing meat from the ranch to the consumer". By developing a vertically integrated company, Swift was able to control the sale of his meats from the slaughterhouse to the local butcher shop. Swift devoted a great deal of time to indoctrinating employees and teaching them the company's methods and policies. He also motivated his employees to focus on the company's profit goals by adhering to a strict policy of promotion from within. The innovations that Swift championed not only revolutionized the meat packing industry, but also played a vital role in establishing the modern American business system, with an emphasis on mass production, functional specialization, managerial expertise, national distribution networks, and adaptation to technological innovation. Notes References Boyle, Elizabeth and Rodolfo Estrada. (1994) "Development of the U.S. Meat Industry" — Kansas State University Department of Animal Sciences and Industry Buenker, John D. (2000) "Swift, Gustavus Franklin" — American National Biography Online Chandler, Alfred D. (1959), Integration and Diversification as Business Strategies — An Historical Analysis (PDF) — Massachusetts Institute of Technology Kutner, Jon Jr. "Swift and Company" — The Handbook of Texas Online Swift & Company (1920). The Meat Packing Industry in America. Swift & Company, Chicago. White, John H. (1986) The Great Yellow Fleet. Golden West Books, San Marino, California. Further reading Lowe, David Garrard (2000) Lost Chicago. Watson-Guptill Publications, New York . Neilson, Helen Louise Swift (1937) My Father and My Mother. The Lakeside Press, Chicago. Swift, Louis Franklin and Arthur Van Vlissingen (1927) The Yankee of the Yards: The Biography of Gustavus Franklin Swift. A.W. Shaw and Company,