Tamerlane chess is a medieval chess variant. Like modern chess, it is derived from shatranj. It was developed in Central Asia during the reign of Emperor Timur, and its invention is also attributed to him. Because Tamerlane chess is a larger variant of chaturanga, it is also called Shatranj Al-Kabir (Large chess or Great chess), as opposed to Shatranj ash-shaghir ("Small Chess"). Although the game is similar to modern chess, it is distinctive in that there are varieties of pawn, each of which promotes in its own way. Board A Tamerlane chessboard is made up of 110 uncheckered squares arranged in a 10×11 pattern ("camp"). Additional squares, known as citadels, protrude from the left side on the ninth row and from the right side on the second row, making a total of 112 squares. When the opposing king occupies a player's citadel, the game is declared a draw. No piece other than a king may occupy a citadel. There are several ways for an opening setup to be arranged. A common one is as follows: White's side (bottom row, from the left): elephant, (space), camel, (space), war machine, (space), war machine, (space), camel, (space), elephant. Second row (from the left): rook, knight, picket, giraffe, general, king, vizier, giraffe, picket, knight, rook. Third row (from the left): pawn of pawns, pawn of war engines, pawn of camels, pawn of elephants, pawn of general, pawn of king, pawn of vizier, pawn of giraffes, pawn of pickets, pawn of knights, pawn of rooks. Black's side mirrors White's. Pieces Anglicised versions of piece names are also given here. king (shah) – Moves as a traditional king, but once during the game it may switch places with any of its own pieces to evade check/checkmate or stalemate. general or counsellor (ferz) – Moves one square diagonally vizier or governor (wazir) – Moves one square horizontally or vertically giraffe (zurafa) – Moves one square diagonally and then a minimum of three squares horizontally or vertically (a restricted gryphon) picket (tali'a) – Moves as a bishop in traditional chess, but must move a minimum of two squares knight (faras) – Moves as a knight in traditional chess rook (rukh) – Moves as a rook in traditional chess elephant (pil) – Moves two squares diagonally and is unobstructed by pieces in between camel (jamal/shutur) – Moves one diagonally and two straight, unobstructed by pieces in between. It moves