West Frisian , Icelandic , Faroese , Norwegian (Bokmål) or (Nynorsk) and Swedish . Finnish is also derived from the German name: means "east" and "state". "Austria" or a phonetic derivative (such as ) was adopted in most other languages, including Hungarian, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, Maltese, Ukrainian, Russian, Serbo-Croatian, Polish, Slovene, Greek, Estonian, Turkish, and Albanian. French is one of the exceptions within the Romance group in adapting the German name, . Catalan also did the same, though the forms are no longer in use. Apart from the modern-day form of Austria, antiquated forms used in Catalan were and , and , which are the forms derived in that language to correspond to German . The Czech and Slovak languages have a peculiar name for Austria. Czech and Slovak neither derived from German nor from Latin . The Czech name of , previously also and later , which is still used for the states of Upper and Lower Austria (), originates in the name of the Austrian castle and town of Raabs an der Thaya near the Czech-Austrian border, formerly also known as or . It is worth noting that in his Geography the ancient writer Ptolemy mentions two tribes (of unknown ethnic affiliation) named and which inhabit the areas around the Danube River "up to his bend", roughly corresponding to the region north of Vienna and southwestern Slovakia. Another possible explanation of Czech and Slovak : The predecessor of Austria and Slovenia was Slovene principality Carantania. The central part of Carantania (the territory of present-day southern Austria and north-eastern Slovenia) is named in Slovenian (or in the old version ), in Slovak , in German and in English Carinthia. The Old High German name of Austria () appeared in written document more than three hundred years later than the name Carantania, while the shorter Latin name was first mentioned only in 12th century. Therefore is it reasonably to assume that the present-day Czech and Slovak name for Austria (, ) developed from the original Slavic name for Carantania since in early middle ages and also later the ancestor of the present-day Slovaks and Slovenes were not divided by the wedge of Germanic or Germanized population. The Arabic name for Austria is (). The Arabic appellation of Austria was first used during the Crusades and was borrowed from the Slavic name for "Germans", whence Russian (), Polish , Croatian and