disappeared out of the Belgian Parliament after the elections of 1985. The most successful Maoist movement to emerge in Flanders was Alle Macht Aan De Arbeiders (AMADA - All Power To The Workers) at the end of the 1960s during a time of students protests at the University of Leuven. In 1979 this movement evolved into the Partij van de Arbeid van België (PVDA), which is at the moment the biggest communist party in Flanders and is represented in some municipal councils in Flanders, and in the Flemish Parliament. Other minor communist parties are the Trotskyist Socialistische Arbeiderspartij (SAP) and the Linkse Socialistische Partij (LSP). Alliances After the installation of a 5% electoral threshold, with private funding close to forbidden and public funding only for parties with at least one representative in parliament, some of the smaller parties have made alliances with a larger, more traditional party. Parties in any alliance remain independent, but they would field candidates on one combined list at elections. In general, the smaller party/parties would be assured of gaining seats, and the larger party would be assured of obtaining a larger overall share of the vote. This was especially true for the CD&V / N-VA alliance, whereby CD&V became the largest party by votes in the Flemish regional elections, so therefore it could initiate coalition talks and the party could appoint the leader of the Flemish regional government. The VLD / Vivant alliance did not perform well in the polls. The proposed SP.a / Spirit / Groen! alliance did not succeed, instead the SP.a / Spirit alliance went to the polls. Electoral results and membership CD&V had the highest number of members (followed by the other two traditional parties) from its founding until the 2010s, when its membership decreased rapidly and sunk below Open Vld. The parties Representative parties Christian-Democratic and Flemish (Christen-Democratisch en Vlaams, CD&V) Flemish Interest (Vlaams Belang, VB) Green (Groen) New Flemish Alliance (Nieuw-Vlaamse Alliantie, N-VA) Open Flemish Liberals and Democrats (Open Vlaamse Liberalen en Democraten, Open VLD) Forward (Vooruit) Union of Francophones (Union des Francophones, UF) Worker's Party of Belgium (Partij van de Arbeid van Belgiquë, PVDA) Parties not represented in the Flemish Parliament Belgian Union (Belgische Unie, BUB) (Vrije Vlaamse Christen Democraten, VCD) Left Socialist Party (Linkse Socialistische Partij, LSP) Libertarian, Direct, Democratic (Libertair, Direct, Democratisch, previously Lijst Dedecker, LDD) Pirate Party (Piratenpartij) Red! (Rood!) Socialist Workers' Party (Socialistische Arbeiders