the purposes of formulating Sharia. "obliteration, cancellation, transfer, suppression, suspension" depending on the context, (Badshah, Naeem, et al.); suspension or replacement of one Sharia ruling by another with the conditions that the ruling that suspends/replaces is of a subsequent origin, and that the two rulings are enacted separately from one another, (Recep Dogan); removal of an Islamic command by a legally valid argument (raf al-hukm al-Shar'i bi dalil shar'i) (Al-Zurqani). Scriptural basis Quran According to non-Muslim scholar of Islam John Burton, "no single verse" in the Quran "unequivocally points to the naskh of any other verse", (nor does any "irreproachable" hadith identify "any one verse as having either undergone or effected naskh"). Islamic Modernist mufti Muhammad Abduh (1849-1905) also stated "the Quran nowhere announced that verse so-and-so is naskh, or that verse such-and-such is mansukh." Many of the verses believed to indicate the principle of naskh do not contain any form of the word naskh, i.e. any word with the triconsonantal root n-s-kh. Instead, they use "in place of" (baddal), "efface" (yamhua), "withdraw" (nadhhabanna لَنَذْهَبَنَّ), or "forget" (tansha تَنسَىٰٓ) which are all interpreted to refer to the process of naskh: Of the four verses within the Qur'an that do contain some form of the word naskh — verses Q.7:154, Q.45:29, Q.22:52, and Q.2:106 — in two cases the word has nothing to do with abrogation of divine revelation, but is used in the context of texts and scribal activity: —and The two verse that do involve abrogation are , a verse allegedly referring to the Satanic Verse(s), (see below) and , which is called a "Verse of abrogation". Verses of abrogation Q2:106 and Q16:101 are the two "verses of abrogation" contained in the Quran. They establish the principle in Islam that an older divine revelation may be abrogated and substituted with another one, a principle that has been historically accepted and applied by vast majority of Islamic jurists of both the Quran and the Sunnah. Only Q.2:106 uses a form of the word naskh (specifically "nanskh" meaning "we abrogate"). Although there "are no less than a dozen" readings/interpretations of verse Q.2:106 (according to Khaleel Mohammed citing John Burton), the "majority of exegetes" (scholars of the interpretation of the Quran), find 2:106 indicative of two varieties of abrogation (see below): "supersession", i.e. the "suspension" and replacement of the old verse without its elimination (process known as naskh al-hukm duna al-tilawa, or