Rock music was originated in the Soviet Union in the 1960s under the influence of Western rock music and bard songs and developed due to both amateur bands and official VIA. The "golden age" of Russian rock was during the 1980s (especially the era of perestroika), when the Soviet underground rock bands became able to release their records officially. During this period, "rock clubs" were created, such groups as "Kino", "Alisa", "DDT", "Bravo", "Nautilus Pompilius", "Aria","Chaif", "Grazhdanskaya Oborona" appeared and gained popularity, and already known, such as "Mashina Vremeni" and "Aquarium", began to publish albums officially. Russian rock's characteristic feature was the emphasis on the lyrics, and Russian rock also became a symbol of the youth of the Perestroika era. Russian rock of the XX century is often considered as a single cultural movement that has some common musical, aesthetic and ideological features. In the XXI century, almost all genres of rock music exist in Russia, which is why "Russian rock" has become a more vague concept. The majority of the Russian bands perform in the Russian language. According to various polls, the most popular Russian rock bands include Kino, Aquarium, Aria, Alisa, DDT and Agatha Christie. History The early 1960s: Local bard music and first western influences By the mid-1960s, beat groups had formed in Moscow and Leningrad, at first performing cover versions of foreign hits on home-made equipment. Among these groups were "Sokol", "Scythians", "Buffoons" and "Slavs" (Alexander Gradsky's groups), "Forest Brothers". In 1965, the band Sokol released the first rock song in Russian, "Gde tot krai?" (). The beat quartet "Integral" performed jazz music and compositions in the style of The Shadows and The Swinging Blue Jeans, and also composed their own twists and rock 'n' rolls. With the widespread of Beatlemania, almost every school had its own rock band. The movement was partly influenced by the ideology of the Western hippies. At the same time, Russian rock was partly influenced by Bard music, the style which is referred to as avtorskaya pesnya (), mostly played on unaccompanied acoustic guitar and characterized by a strong emphasis on lyrics that sometimes carried a subversive meaning, as well as a lively and informal approach to the theme - romance, everyday life, military songs, patriotic songs, satire, irony etc. The most famous performers of the bard song were Alexander Galich, Vladimir Vysotsky, Bulat Okudzhava. Meanwhile, some Western music was either