indicated membership in the SS; however, SS men wore all-black kepis and neckties, and (from 1929) black breeches and boots. It was also during the 1930s that the SA began using uniform colors to denote an SA member's Gruppe (Division) to which the SA member belonged. The unit color was worn on the front of the kepi cap as well as rank and unit collar patches. The marking system - patches/kepi color combined with gold or silver buttons/pips - would eventually expand to cover these SA divisions; as of 1937: Crimson and Gold: SA Chief of Staff Carmine and Silver: SA Supreme Command and Standarte Feldherrnhalle Crimson and Silver: SA Group Staff Dark Maroon and Gold: Ostland Group (East Prussia and Free City of Danzig) Dark Maroon and Silver: Westfalen Group (Westphalia and Lippe) Black and Gold: Niederrhein Group (northern part of Rhine Province) Black and Silver: Berlin-Brandenburg Group (Berlin and western part of Brandenburg) Pink and Gold: Ostmark Group (Eastern part of Brandenburg) Apple Green and Gold: Pommern Group Apple Green and Silver: Thüringen Group Dark Brown and Gold: Westmark Group (parts of Rhine Province and Saar territory) Dark Brown and Silver: Niedersachsen Group (eastern part of Province of Hanover and Brunswick) Emerald and Gold: Sachsen Group Emerald and Silver: Nordmark Group (greater part of Schleswig-Holstein) Yellow Orange and Gold: Mitte Group (Province of Saxony and Anhalt) Yellow Orange and Silver: Südwest Group (Württemberg and greater part of Baden) Sulphur Yellow and Gold: Franken Group (parts of Northern and Western Bavaria) Sulphur Yellow and Silver: Schlesien Group Light Blue and Gold: Bayerische Ostmark Group (parts of Eastern and Northern Bavaria) Light Blue and Silver: Hochland Group (parts of Southern and Western Bavaria) Steel Green and Gold: Nordsee Group (Western part of Province of Hanover, Oldenburg and Bremen) Steel Green and Silver: Kurpfalz Group (including parts of Hesse and Baden) Navy Blue and Gold: Hansa Group (Hamburg, Mecklenburg, southern part of Schleswig-Holstein) Navy Blue and Silver: Hessen Group (Hesse-Nassau and parts of Hesse) Final pattern SA uniforms (1934–1945) A slight alteration to the rank and insignia system of the SA occurred in July 1934 after the Night of the Long Knives. Victor Lutze did away with Röhm's special insignia for the rank of Stabschef and instead adopted a collar patch in much the same design as that of Reichsführer-SS, a rank which Heinrich Himmler now held. Special uniforms Even before