trip to the Netherlands, and to whom he presented a volume of writings on scientific topics by Boyle. Secretary of the Royal Society After the Restoration he became an early member (original fellow) of the Royal Society (founded in 1660), and served as its first secretary along with John Wilkins, maintaining an extensive network of scientific contacts through Europe. He also became the founding editor of the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. Oldenburg began the practice of sending submitted manuscripts to experts who could judge their quality before publication. This was the beginning of both the modern scientific journal and the practice of peer review. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society continues today and is the longest running scientific journal in the world. He was briefly imprisoned in the Tower as a suspected spy in 1667, during the Second Anglo-Dutch War. Oldenburg's correspondence was linked to support from the politician Sir Joseph Williamson; in part Oldenburg supplied Williamson with intelligence information. Oldenburg enjoyed good health in his lifetime, but he fell seriously ill on 3 September 1677, and he died two days thereafter at his Pall Mall, London home. He was interred on 7 September at St Mary the Virgin, Bexley. His widow died ten days later. Foreign correspondents Denmark Rasmus Bartholin. Flanders René François Walter de Sluse. France Adrien Auzout, Henri Justel, Pierre Petit, Ismaël Bullialdus. Germany Sir William Curtius, Johann Hevelius, Gottfried Leibniz, Philipp Jacob Sachs von Lewenheimb, Johann Daniel Major, Ehrenfried Walther von Tschirnhaus, Martin Vogel. Italy Paolo Boccone, Giovanni Domenico Cassini, Marcello Malpighi., Manfredo Settala Netherlands Reinier de Graaf, Christiaan Huygens and his father, Constantijn Huygens, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Willem Ten Rhijne, Benedictus/Baruch Spinoza, Peter Serrarius, Jan Swammerdam, Isaac Vossius. See also Peer review References Further reading Jean-Pierre Vittu, "Henry Oldenburg 'Grand intermédiaire'", in "Les grands intermédiaires culturels de la République des Lettres", pub. by Christiane Berkvens-Stevelinck, Hans Bots and Jens Häseler, Paris, Honoré Champion, 2005, pp. 184–209 Thomas Elsmann: Im Schatten des Kaufmanns – Bremische Gelehrte 1600–1900, Bremen: Schünemann 2012, S. 80–99 External links The Correspondence of Henry Oldenburg in EMLO 1610s births 1677 deaths 17th-century English diplomats 17th-century English scientists 17th-century English theologians 17th-century German scientists 17th-century German theologians Academic journal editors Fellows of the Royal Society German diplomats Hanseatic diplomats Natural philosophers Original Fellows of the Royal Society Peer review People associated with Baruch Spinoza Prisoners in the Tower of London Scientists