Island. Karekare was a major settlement for Te Kawerau ā Maki in the Waitākere Ranges, known for its extensive kūmara (sweet potato) cultivations inland. Te Kawerau ā Maki rangatira Kowhatu-ki-te-uru, known for his abilities to create stone pā, settled at Karekare in the mid-18th century. Directly north-east of the beach, Kowhatu-ki-te-uru built a pā known as Te Kaka Whakaara ("The Kākā Parrot Standing Watch") on The Watchman (Te Matua), while the kāinga (village) near the pā was known as Te Marae o Mana, referring to Kowhatu-ki-te-uru's son Manaairangi. The cultivations were known as Māraroa ("The Great Gardens"). Other significant pā in the area included one on Te Ahua Point, and one at Te Aoaho (above Karekare Falls). In 1826 during the Musket Wars, Te Kaka Whakaara pā was attacked by two Ngāpuhi taua (war parties) led by Hōne Heke and Te Kahakaha. Te Kawerau ā Maki killed many of the Ngāpuhi taua by pelting them with rocks, however could not match the musket fire from the war parties. Te Kawerau ā Maki suffered many losses, especially at Wharengarahi, a cave on the beach where many of the tribe's women, children and elderly were taking shelter. Due to the battle, Karekare was not occupied when Te Kawerau ā Maki returned after the war, due to the tapu caused by the deaths. During the early colonial era, Karekare was the site of two Kauri mills: Karekau Sawmill, which operated between 1881 and 18886, and a smaller mill which opened in 1906. In the early 20th century, the lower Karekare valley was farmland, tended to by the Farley family. In 1935, the Karekare Surf Club was formed. Demographics Karekare is described by Statistics New Zealand as a rural settlement, and covers . It is part of the Waitākere Ranges South SA2 statistical area. Karekare had a population of 255 at the 2018 New Zealand census, an increase of 39 people (18.1%) since the 2013 census, and an increase of 63 people (32.8%) since the 2006 census. There were 90 households, comprising 132 males and 123 females, giving a sex ratio of 1.07 males per female, with 60 people (23.5%) aged under 15 years, 27 (10.6%) aged 15 to 29, 123 (48.2%) aged 30 to 64, and 39 (15.3%) aged 65 or older. Ethnicities were 92.9% European/Pākehā, 8.2% Māori, 2.4% Pacific peoples, 3.5% Asian, and 2.4% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than