of property (a Portuguese-Galician word of Latin, Germanic or pre-Latin origin) such as vila (villa, palace, estate), vilar (hamlet) castro (castle), casa (house), porta (pass, ford), agro (field), sa (Germanic sala; hall, house), busto (dairy), cabana (cabin), lama (pastures), fonte (well, spring), pena (fort), pomar (orchard) and vale (valley). This kind of name is present all over Northern Portugal: b) Sigefredo (Siegfried = victorious peace), Gondomar (the first element means «sword»), Arganil (from hargis, army), Adães e Adufe (from hathus = fight); hildis (= fight) and Tagilde, etc.; Tresmonde, Trasmil, etc. from thras (= dispute); for Ermesinde and Esposende comes sinths (= military expedition). Also citing Antenor Nascentes pg. XXI of his "Dicionário Etimológico da Língua Portuguesa": Adães (Barcelos) to Athus= fight Aldão (Feira) to Aldonaci < Alds or Altheis Aldarete (Peso da Régua) to Alderedus Adaúfe (Braga) to Ulfe= wolf Aldreu (Barcelos) to Alde + reth < Alderedus Santiago de Ribeira de Alhariz (Valpaços) to Aliarici, genitive of Aliaricus Alvarenga (Aveiro) to Alfarr, from alfr ("elf") + herr ("army") Amonde (Viana do Castelo) to Monde= Protection Arganil (Coimbra) to Hargis= army Armamar (Viseu) to Mar= Horse Baltar (Paredes) to Baltarii, genitive of Baltharius Dume (Braga) to döm= church, cathedral Escariz (Arouca) to Rico= Lord Ermesinde (Valongo) to Sinde < sinth= military expedition Esmoriz (Aveiro) to Rico= Lord Esposende (Braga) to Sende= path Fafiães (Marco de Canaveses) Freamunde (Paços de Ferreira) to Mundis= protection Germunde (Aveiro) to Mundis= protection Gudim (Peso da Régua) to Suebian Goodwinn Gomesende to Gumesindi, genitive of Gumesindus Gondomar (Porto) to Gundemari, genitive of Gundemarus Gondim (Maia) to Guntini, genitive of Guntinus Guimarães to Vimaranis, to Weig-mar São Paio de Merelim (Braga) to Merelinus + uilla Mondariz to Munderici, genitive of Mundericus Mondim de Basto to Mundis + uilla Redufe (St. Emilião) to Ulfe= wolf Rendufe (Amares) Resende (Viseu) to Sende= path Roriz (St. Tirso) to Rico= Lord, noble Ruães (Braga) to Rodanis, toponymic Sandim (Vila Nova de Gaia) to Sande= truthful Sendim (Miranda do Douro) to Sende= path Tagilde (Vizela) to Hildis= combat, fight Tibães (Braga) to Tibianes < Tibianis(?) Trasmil to thras= dispute, skirmish Tresmonde (Ponte de Lima) to thras + mundis= skirmish-protection Trouxemil (Coimbra) to Miro= famous Several thousand such toponyms are known in northern Portugal, Galicia, western Asturias and other territories which were part of the Suebi kingdom. Notes Literature Proto-Germanic reconstruction Orel, Vladimir (2003). Handbook of Germanic Etymology. Leiden: Brill, 2003.