The Remington M1867 was a rolling-block rifle, the first rifle using metallic cartridges to be adopted by the Norwegian and Swedish armies. Nominally it had a caliber of 4 decimal lines, but the actual caliber was 3.88 Norwegian decimal lines or 4.1 Swedish decimal lines (12.17 mm), and it fired a rimfire round with a 12.615 mm (.497 in) lead bullet. The 12.17 mm caliber was chosen because the Swedish army had approximately 30,000 new muzzle-loading M1860 and breech-loading M1864 rifles in 12.17 mm caliber in stock, rifles that were suitable for conversion to M1867 rolling-block rifles. With the exception of the first 10,000 rifles and 20,000 actions (for conversions of older rifles), which were made by Remington in the US, all Remington M1867 rifles and carbines were made under license in Norway and Sweden, by Kongsberg Vaapenfabrik in Norway, and by Husqvarna Vapenfabriks Aktiebolag and Carl Gustafs stads Gevärsfaktori in Sweden with the two Swedish manufacturers producing about 80% of the weapons. Birth of the M1867 In the 1860s the Norwegian and Swedish armies realized that their standard rifles, both percussion lock breech-loading rifles and muzzle loaders, were rapidly becoming obsolete in the face of the new metal cartridge combining bullet, primer and propellant load. In early October 1866, a joint Swedish-Norwegian arms commission was established in order to select a suitable cartridge and rifle for the two nations. Several different cartridges and rifles were considered by the commission. A partial list includes: Needle-guns A Prussian needle gun designed in 1866. Larsen and Steenstrup - two different modifications of the standard issue army rifle at the time. A modified Swedish standard army rifle. Non-repeating rifles for metallic cartridges: Peabody - American lever-action Remington - American, rolling-block Larsen - two related, but different Norwegian designs. One lever-action, one bolt action Repeating rifles for metallic cartridges: Spencer - American design, removable magazine in the buttstock Henry - American design, tubular magazine under the barrel Larsen - Norwegian modification of the Henry Repeating rifles for paper cartridges: Palmcrantz - Swedish design (See Helge Palmcrantz) Percussion rifles: Burnside - American design with metallic cartridge Sharps - American design using paper cartridges After various tests, including repeated firings, it was clear that the needle guns were not particularly well-suited. These - along with the repeating rifles - were dropped from further testing. Further testing - which included test firing by previously untrained troops -