the years after the attacks of September 11, 2001. The second edition of Michael Hogan's edited collection of essays on postwar American foreign policy, now coedited with Frank Costigliola, noted that "Williams' work remains influential well into the twenty-first century". In 2001, Justus D. Doenecke wrote a review, evaluating Williams' work, implying that the "crux of Williams's foreign policy" is within his thesis that the United States had become engaged in an "economic expansion and the creation of an informal empire." This idea of an 'American Empire' is also talked about in J.A. Thompson's 'William Appleman Williams and the 'American Empire'.' Thompson echoes this school of thought, claiming that Williams' line of argument toward American Foreign Policy "has always been an expansionist, imperialist power." Works Books American-Russian Relations, 1781–1947, 1952 America and the Middle East: Open Door Imperialism or Enlightened Leadership?, 1958 The Tragedy of American Diplomacy, 1959 The Contours of American History, 1961 The United States, Cuba, and Castro: An Essay on the Dynamics of Revolution and the Dissolution of Empire, 1962 The Great Evasion: An Essay on the Contemporary Relevance of Karl Marx and on the Wisdom of Admitting the Heretic Into the Dialogue About America's Future, 1964 The Roots of the Modern American Empire: A Study of the Growth and Shaping of Social Consciousness in a Marketplace Society, 1969 Some Presidents: Wilson to Nixon, 1972 History as a Way of Learning, 1973 America Confronts a Revolutionary World: 1776–1976, 1976 Americans in a Changing World: A History of the United States in the Twentieth Century, 1978 Empire as a Way of Life: An Essay on the Causes and Character of America's Present Predicament, Along With a Few Thoughts About an Alternative, 1980 Selected articles "The Legend of Isolationism in the 1920s," Science and Society, vol. 18, no. 1 (Winter 1954), pp. 1–20. In JSTOR. Notes References Bacevich, Andrew, American Empire: Realities and Consequences of US Diplomacy. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2002. Buhle, Paul and Edward Rice-Maximin. William Appleman Williams. The Tragedy of Empire. New York: Routledge, 1995. Kimball, Jeffrey P., "The Big Picture: William Appleman Williams, the Vietnam War, and the Economic Interpretation of U.S. Foreign Relations", New England Journal of History, vol. 66 (Fall 2009), pp. 79–102. Levin, N. Gordon, Jr., "The Open Door Thesis Reconsidered", Reviews In American History, vol. 2, no. 4 (1974). Morgan, James G., Into New Territory: American Historians and the Concept