1683 korntønde – Barrel of corn, defined as 144 potter from 1683 Weight pund – Pound, from 1683 the weight of fot3 of water, 499.75 g Miscellaneous dusin – 12 snes – 20 gross – 144 Dutch system The Dutch system was not standardised until Napoleon introduced the metric system. Different towns used measures with the same names but differing sizes. Some common measures: Length duim –2.54 cm kleine palm –3 cm grote palm –9.6 cm, after 1820, 10 cm voet –12 duim = abt. 29.54 cm, many local variations el – about 70 cm Volume Pint – 0.6 L Weight Ons, Once – pond = 30.881 g Pond (Amsterdam) – 494.09 g (other ponds were also in use) Scheepslast – 4000 Amsterdam pond = 1976.4 kg = 2.1786 short tons Finnish system In Finland, approximate measures derived from body parts and were used for a long time, some being later standardised for the purpose of commerce. Some Swedish, and later some Russian units have also been used. Length vaaksa – The distance between the tips of little finger and thumb, when the fingers are fully extended. kyynärä – c. 60 cm – The distance from the elbow to the fingertips. syli – fathom, c. 180 cm – The distance between the fingertips of both hands when the arms are raised horizontally on the sides. virsta – 2672 m (Swedish), 1068.84 m (Russian) poronkusema – c. 7.5 km – The distance a reindeer walks between two spots it urinates on. This unit originates from Lapland (i.e. Sápmi). peninkulma – 10.67 km – The distance a barking dog can be heard in still air. Area tynnyrinala – 4936.5 m2 – The area (of field) that could be sown with one barrel of grain. Volume kannu – 2.6172 L kappa – 5.4961 L Weight leiviskä – 8.5004 kg Miscellaneous kortteli – 148 mm (length) or 0.327 L (volume) French system In France, again, there were many local variants. For instance, the lieue could vary from 3.268 km in Beauce to 5.849 km in Provence. Between 1812 and 1839, many of the traditional units continued in metrified adaptations as the mesures usuelles. In Paris, the redefinition in terms of metric units made 1 m = 443.296 ligne = 3 pied 11.296 ligne. In Quebec, the surveys in French units were converted using the relationship 1 pied (of the French variety; the same word