Volksgrenadier was the name given to a type of German Army division formed in the Autumn of 1944 after the double loss of Army Group Center to the Soviets in Operation Bagration and the Fifth Panzer Army to the Allies in Normandy. The name itself was intended to build morale, appealing at once to nationalism (Volk) and Germany's older military traditions (Grenadier). Germany formed 78 VGDs during the war. Volksgrenadier divisions were professional military formations with standardized weapons and equipment, unlike the unrelated Volkssturm militia. History and organisation The strategic emergency and concomitant manpower shortage resulting from the losses in mid-1944 required the creation of infantry divisions that economized on personnel and emphasized defensive strength over offensive strength. The Volksgrenadier divisions met this need by using only six line infantry battalions instead of the normal nine for infantry divisions – already a common reality for many existing divisions. The units also had a higher proportion of submachine guns and light automatic weapons and thus relied more on short-range firepower than in standard German Army infantry units. Automatic weapons like the new Sturmgewehr 44 and anti-tank weaponry like the single shot panzerfaust were also used by Volksgrenadier units. One battalion of one grenadier regiment and the two companies of the engineer battalion were assigned bicycles for transportation instead of motor vehicles. They were organized around small cadres of hardened veteran soldiers, noncommissioned officers and officers, and then bulked out with anything the Replacement Army could supply: "jobless" personnel of the shrinking Kriegsmarine and Luftwaffe, recovered wounded soldiers from broken formations returning to duty from hospitals, older men who would have been considered too old or too unfit for the peacetime army, and young men and teenagers from the latest conscription classes were all recruited into the ranks. Organisation Division headquarters Füsilier company or battalion (bicycle-mounted) Company headquarters Submachine gun platoon Submachine gun platoon Rifle platoon Heavy weapons platoon Infantry howitzer section Signal battalion Battalion headquarters Telephone company Radio company Supply platoon Grenadier regiment Regimental headquarters Regimental headquarters company Infantry battalion Infantry battalion Infantry howitzer company Antitank rocket launcher company Grenadier regiment Grenadier regiment Artillery regiment Regimental headquarters Regimental headquarters battery 75 mm gun battalion 105 mm gun/howitzer battalion 105 mm gun/howitzer battalion 150 mm howitzer battalion Antitank battalion Battalion headquarters Battalion headquarters company Antitank company (motorized) Antitank company (self-propelled) Antiaircraft company (self-propelled) Engineer battalion Battalion headquarters company Engineer company (bicycle-mounted) Engineer