It is known from archaeological evidence that the first contacts that the Japanese had with Chinese writing took place in the 1st century AD, during the late Yayoi period. However, the Japanese people of that era probably had little to no comprehension of the script, and they would remain relatively illiterate until the 5th century AD in the Kofun period, when writing in Japan became more widespread. They are used to write most content words of native Japanese or (historically) Chinese origin, which include the following: many nouns, such as (kawa, "river") and (gakkō, "school") the stems of most verbs and adjectives, such as in (miru, "see") and in (shiroi, "white") the stems of many adverbs, such as in (hayaku, "quickly") and as in (jōzu ni, "masterfully") most Japanese personal names and place names, such as (Tanaka) and (Tōkyō). (Certain names may be written in hiragana or katakana, or some combination of these, plus kanji.) Some Japanese words are written with different kanji depending on the specific usage of the word—for instance, the word naosu (to fix, or to cure) is written when it refers to curing a person, and when it refers to fixing an object. Most kanji have more than one possible pronunciation (or "reading"), and some common kanji have many. These are broadly divided into on'yomi, which are readings that approximate to a Chinese pronunciation of the character at the time it was adopted into Japanese, and kun'yomi, which are pronunciations of native Japanese words that correspond to the meaning of the kanji character. However, some kanji terms have pronunciations that correspond to neither the on'yomi nor the kun'yomi readings of the individual kanji within the term, such as (ashita, "tomorrow") and (otona, "adult"). Unusual or nonstandard kanji readings may be glossed using furigana. Kanji compounds are sometimes given arbitrary readings for stylistic purposes. For example, in Natsume Sōseki's short story The Fifth Night, the author uses for tsunagatte, the gerundive -te form of the verb tsunagaru ("to connect"), which would usually be written as or . The word , meaning "connection", is normally pronounced setsuzoku. Kana Hiragana emerged as a manual simplification via cursive script of the most phonetically widespread kanji among those who could read and write during the Heian period (794-1185). The main creators of the current hiragana were ladies of the Japanese imperial court, that used the script in the writing of personal