the Flash Gordon serials. Fluid typography In fluid typography, letterforms change and evolve without necessarily changing location. An example is the subtitles of the international release of Night Watch: In a scene in which a character is being called by a vampire, he is in a pool and the camera is underwater. The caption appears as blood red text that dissolves as blood would in water. Production Kinetic typography is often produced using standard animation programs, including Adobe Flash, Adobe After Effects, and Apple Motion. The effect is most often achieved by compositing layers of text such that either individual letters or words can be animated separately from the rest. See also ANSI art allowed for animation based on text characters. AAlib allows to convert moving images into ASCII art. References Typography Animation