include evolutionary algorithms (EA), genetic algorithms (GA), genetic programming (GP), memetic programming (MP), agent based models, and cellular automata (CA). For many, artificial society is a meeting point for people from many other more traditional fields in interdisciplinary research, such as linguistics, social physics, mathematics, philosophy, law, computer science, biology, and sociology in which unusual computational and theoretical approaches that would be controversial within their native discipline can be discussed. As a field, it has had a controversial history; some have characterized it as "practical theology" or a "fact-free science". However, the recent publication of artificial society articles in the scientific journals e.g.: Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation and Journal of Social Complexity shows that artificial life techniques are becoming somewhat more accepted within the sociological mainstream. See also Agent-based model Boids Complex system Computational sociology Emergence Evolutionary algorithm Simulated reality Social complexity Social simulation References The Road to Agent-Based Model - The Brookings Institution Cognition and Multi-Agent Interaction - by Ron Sun. Cambridge University Press. Gershenson, C. (2001) Artificial Societies of Intelligent Agents. External links The Brookings Institution Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation Dynamics Lab University College Dublin Social science methodology ar:مجتمع صناعي