upland game birds (grouse, partridge, and pheasants). Although hunting is open to everyone, the regulations of hunting for non-Indigenous peoples requires that hunters have a tag for the big game animal they are harvesting. These tags, besides resident whitetail deer, are all handed out through a draw system. Licenses are also required for the hunting of birds. Status First Nation hunters can exercise their right to hunt for the purpose of food without having to obtain a license. Indigenous hunters often demonstrate respect for the animals by leaving tobacco when an animal is taken. This is a way to honor the animal for the life it has given in order to provide food. It is also common for Indigenous hunters to share the meat with elders and people who are not able to hunt themselves. Fishing Those fishing in the valley catch northern pike, walleye, whitefish, tullibee, burbot, yellow perch, carp, bigmouth buffalo, white sucker, and channel catfish. The primary method to fish is by rod and reel throughout all seasons. Some Indigenous fishermen rely on snares to harvest fish. However, non-Indigenous people are required to have a license to fish and are bound to regulations such as fishing seasons and catch limits. The valley is also home to the Fort Qu'Appelle Fish Culture Station near Echo Lake that produces 20 million walleye a year to be distributed around the province. Trapping People continue to trap rabbit, beaver, coyote, mink, muskrat, lynx, and weasel. Here, the trapping zone is called the Southern Fur Conservation Area (SFCA). The area used by most Indigenous trappers is located near the Pasqua First Nation in the fall and winter seasons. Gathering People gather fruits and vegetables along with medicinal plants. The berries that are gathered are chokecherries, saskatoon berries, high-bush cranberries, gooseberries, pincherries, and raspberries. Modern day gatherers still pick medicinal plants, including berries, herbs, and sweetgrass; however, the Pasqua Nation is concerned that knowledge about medicinal plants is being lost. Scientific inquiry Scientific inquiry within the Qu'Appelle Valley is also a significant contemporary use. Studies from the University of Saskatchewan and the University of Regina, among other institutions, look at different features of the valley and how they operate, and have changed. Main fields of study in the valley include limnology, geology, and geography. Parks and recreation The Qu'appelle Valley contains a number of parks and recreational sites including those of Echo Valley,