Central Western / Midwestern North Western (Netherlandic–Northern German) Central (Pomeranian-Brandenburgish-Sorbian) (transitional West-East Yiddish) South Central (Sorbian Yiddish) North Central (Brandengurbish-Pomeranian Yiddish) Eastern Yiddish (it was the Yiddish dialect or language of many Ashkenazi Jews that originally came to the Kingdom of Poland and Grand Duchy of Lithuania, later unified in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, due to their historically religious tolerant policies; after the Partitions of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the late 18th century, many of these Ashkenazi Jews started to live in the Jewish Pale or Pale of Settlement, western region of the Russian Empire, where most of European Jews lived, roughly corresponds to today's eastern and central Poland or Congress Poland, most of modern-day Ukraine, Bessarabia, Belarus, Lithuania and part of Latvia, in the southeast, including Daugavpils) (although they were called "Russian Jews", the large majority did not lived in Russia proper, very few actually lived in Russia due to the restrictive Russian Empire policy of the Jewish Pale and most lived in separate communities in Jewish small towns called "Shtetlach", they were called "Russian Jews" because most were subjects of the Russian Empire) Central Eastern/Mideastern (Polish–Galician–Eastern Hungarian Yiddish) South Eastern (Ukrainian–Romanian Yiddish) Standard Theater Yiddish (Standard form of Yiddish used in theatrics) North Eastern / Litvish (Lithuanian–Belarusian) (centered in modern-day Lithuania, Belarus, and most of Latvia, it was also spoken in portions of northeastern Poland, northern and eastern Ukraine and along Dnieper river valley and western Russia; many of these regions belonged to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, hence the name) (it was the biggest Eastern Yiddish dialect by number of speakers and the most prestigious) Klezmer-loshn (קלעזמער-לשון) ("Musician's Tongue") (Yiddish argot created by traveling Jewish musicians in the Russian Empire) Literary Yiddish (Standardized Yiddish used in certain institutes such as YiVo) Udmurtish (Yiddish spoken by Jews of Udmurtia and Tatarstan) Low Franconian languages (descends from Weser-Rhine Germanic but did not participate in the High German consonant shift) (dialect continuum) (it was mainly the language of the Franks) Old Low Franconian (Old Dutch) Limburgish (Lèmburgs) / East Low Franconian Bergish dialects Ripuarisch-niederfränkisches Übergangsgebiet ohne nordbergischen Raum Middle Dutch / West Low Franconian (Nederlands Dietsch / Nederlands Duutsch – Lowland Dutch or Lowland German/Germanic in a broad sense) Dutch / Nederlandic (Modern Dutch) (Nederlands – short name for Nederlands Duutsch – Lowland Dutch or Lowland German/Germanic in a broad sense, hence the name Dutch for the language in English) Central