the same name. In Germany, the name (both singular and plural) replaced as the common name for a 12 coin. In the 18th century it was used predominantly in the northern states as a coin worth of a (equal to of a ). In the 19th century, a new currency system was introduced in which the , often under a new name to distinguish it from the old, was worth of a or . This began in 1821 in Prussia, where the coin was called the (Sgr) and was worth 12 pfennigs. Saxony followed in 1840 with the (ngr), also of a thaler, but subdivided in 10 (new) pfennigs. Silesia and Bohemia introduced the white groschen (Weissgroschen) in 1821 at the same time as Prussia. Frederick William III of Prussia could not yet decide on the consistent introduction of the decimal system. In order to be able to distinguish his new pfennig' from the old ones, they were called Pfenninge. The last German Kurantgroschen (regarding the simple face value) were issued in the Kingdom of Saxony in 1827 and 1828, and in the Duchy of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha in 1837 based on a monetary standard, the Konventionsfuß, of the state, according to which the silver contained in 320 groschen was equal to the weight of a Cologne Mark (233.856 grammes). An exception in relation to the value of thaler coins is the series of 'butterfly coins' (Schmetterlingsmünzen) in the Electorate of Saxony. All these coins only show their value in groschen; the usual abbreviation for groschen used in the everyday correspondence being used for the denomination on the coins. Likewise, the abbreviation for groschen used in the written word was stamped on the Electoral Saxon golden Reichsgulden zu 21 Groschen of 1584. In this case, it was probably intended to express the fact that it is a coin of account (Rechnungsmünze). Another special case is the Kipperthaler, on which the value in groschen (or Kreuzer) is also stamped to circumvent the Imperial Minting Ordinance (Reichsmünzordnung). Also interesting are thalers, which were minted in denominations of 28 and 24 groschen without differences in design and size. For example, the 24 groschen Hosenbandtaler were also coins of account, which is sometimes not recognized. Following German unification and decimalisation, with 100 pfennigs to the mark, the groschen was replaced by the 10 coin and remained a nickname for the 10 coin until the