prepositions that take clauses as complements. Prepositions marked with an asterisk in this section can only take non-finite clauses as complements. Note that dictionaries and grammars informed by concepts from traditional grammar may categorize these conjunctive prepositions as subordinating conjunctions. after although as at* because before beside* besides* between* by* considering despite* except for from* given granted if (conditional sense) into* lest like notwithstanding now of* on* once provided providing save seeing since so (purpose or result sense) supposing than though till to* unless until upon* when whenever where whereas wherever while whilst with* without* Postpositions The following are postpositions, prepositions whose complements typically precede them. Note that some grammars classify prepositions and postpositions as different kinds of adpositions while other grammars categorize both under the heading of the more common variety in the language. ago apart aside aslant (archaic) away hence notwithstanding (also prepositional) on (usually prepositional but occurs in phrases like "ten years on") over (usually prepositional but occurs in phrases like "the world over") short (also prepositional) through (usually prepositional but occurs in phrases like "the whole day through") Complex prepositions The following are prepositions that consist of multiple words. They are categorized according to their structure. Preposition + preposition according to across from ahead of along with apart from as for as from (formal) as of as per as regards as to aside from away from back to because of counter to except for in between instead of (informal) near to next to opposite of out from out of outside of owing to pertaining to round about up against up to Preposition + (article) + noun + preposition English has many idiomatic expressions that act as prepositions that can be analyzed as a preposition followed by a noun (sometimes preceded by the definite or, occasionally, indefinite article) followed by another preposition. Common examples include: at the behest of at the expense of at the hands of at (the) risk of at variance with by dint of by means of by virtue of by way of for (the) sake of for lack of for/from want of in accordance with in addition to in case of in charge of in compliance with in conformity with in contact with in exchange for in favor of in front of in lieu of in (the) light of in line with in place of in point of in quest of in relation