line in these areas. Cultivation and uses Bosnian pine is a popular ornamental tree in parks and large gardens, giving reliable, steady, though not fast, growth on a wide range of sites, and with a very neat, conical crown. It is also noted for its very decorative purple cones. The cultivars ‘Smidtii’ and ‘Compact Gem’ have been given the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit. It is hardy down to at least , and tolerant of severe wind exposure. Many in cultivation are still grown under the name Pinus leucodermis or Pinus heldreichii var. leucodermis. P. heldreichii is able to adapt to extreme environmental conditions and is also a great colonizer. It is resistant to sulphur dioxide, hydrogen fluoride, nitrogen dioxide and ozone pollution and is further able to withstand wind, ice and heavy snow. These abilities makes it suitable for reforestation of extensive dry and high-altitude areas. In the south of Italy it is planted because it is less susceptible to pests than other pine species. Gallery References Literature Simone Morris (2017) Pini Loricati nella nebbia | Simone Morris (2018) Loricati in the fog | External links Pinus heldreichii - information, genetic conservation units and related resources. European Forest Genetic Resources Programme (EUFORGEN) Flora of Bosnia and Herzegovina Flora of Bulgaria Flora of Italy Flora of Europe Heldreichii Flora of Montenegro Orjen Taxa named by Konrad H. Christ