and taxonomies. Reflection. Continuous improvement on how the individual operates. Researching, canvassing, paying attention, interviewing and observational "cultural anthropology" skills Tools Some organizations are introducing PKM "systems" with some or all of four components: Content management: taxonomy processes and desktop search tools that enable employees to subscribe to, find, organize and publish information that resides on their desktops Just-in-time canvassing: templates and e-mail canvassing lists that enable people to identify and connect with the appropriate experts and expertise quickly and effectively Knowledge harvesting: software tools that automatically collect appropriate knowledge residing on subject matter experts' hard drives Personal productivity improvement: knowledge fairs and 101 training sessions to help each employee make more effective personal use of the knowledge, learning and technology resources available in the context of their work PKM has also been linked to these tools: Email, calendars, task managers Knowledge logs (k-logs) Social bookmarking and enterprise bookmarking Virtual assistants Wikis, including personal wikis and semantic wikis Web annotations Other useful tools include stories and narrative inquiry, decision support systems, various kinds of node–link diagram (such as argument maps, mind maps, concept maps), and similar information visualization techniques. Individuals use these tools to capture ideas, expertise, experience, opinions or thoughts, and this "voicing" will encourage cognitive diversity and promote free exchanges away from a centralized policed knowledge repository. The goal is to facilitate knowledge sharing and personal content management. See also Adaptive hypermedia Card file Commonplace book Drakon-chart Memex Semantic desktop User modeling References External links Climbing the Personal Knowledge Mountain Knowledge-management-online.com Personal Toolkit: Three thousand communities of practice Personalknowledge.org Knowledge management Information systems