Cincinnati, Ohio developed a triple-deck hog carrier for the Northern Pacific Railway based on the design of long "hi-cube" boxcar called the "Big Pig Palace." They later brought out a double-deck version called the "Steer Palace" that hauled livestock between Chicago and later Kansas City to slaughterhouses in Philadelphia and northern New Jersey until the early to mid-1980s on Penn Central and Conrail intermodal trains. The Union Pacific Railroad, in an effort to earn more business hauling hogs from Nebraska to Los Angeles for Farmer John Meats, converted a large number of auto parts boxcars into stock cars. Originally built by Gunderson Rail Cars in Portland, Oregon for the Missouri Pacific Railroad, the conversions were done by removing the boxcars' side panels and replacing them with panels that included vents that could be opened or closed. The tri-level cars featured built-in watering troughs. Strings of 5-10 of these "HOGX" cars were, until the mid 1990s, hauled twice-weekly at the front of double-stack intermodal freight trains. However, this service was terminated when Farmer John Meats shifted to hogs produced locally in California. The units have since been scrapped. See also Cattle wagon Deportation Livestock trailer References Notes Bibliography External links Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway#1997 — photo and short history of a horse/express car built by the Pullman Company in 1930; it was subsequently converted into a roadway machine parts car. Capsule History: Rutland Stock Cars — how the stock car was developed, improved and used by one railroad in New England. Ringling Brothers and Barnum & Bailey Circus Train — Blue Unit — photos and descriptions from November, 1998. Sacramento History Online — Transportation/Agriculture — photos of livestock transportation subjects in northern California in the early part of the 20th century. Union Pacific Railroad#43009 — photo of a 3-level stock car built for Union Pacific Railroad in 1964 and a short history of the hog hauling service to Los Angeles. Guide to Rail Cars Freight rolling stock Horse transportation Livestock