who depend on the protection of tariffs and state subsidies, or alliances of lesser developed countries, or identitarian and environmentalist movements in the industrialized West. If a counterhegemony grows large enough, it is able to subsume and replace the historic bloc it was born in. Neo-Gramscians use the Machiavellian terms "war of position" and "war of movement" to explain how this is possible. In a war of position, a counterhegemonic movement attempts through persuasion or propaganda to increase the number of people who share its view on the hegemonic order whereas in a war of movement the counterhegemonic tendencies which have grown large enough to overthrow, violently or democratically, the current hegemony and establish themselves as a new historic bloc. Notes External links Andreas Bieler, Adam David Morton: Theoretical and Methodological Challenges of neo-Gramscian Perspectives in International Political Economy Teaching Neo-Gramscian Perspectives Kees van der Pijl, The Making of an Atlantic Ruling Class, London Verso, 1984. Published online 2004 Stephen Gill, A. Claire Cutler, "New Constitutionalism and World Order", Cambridge, 2014. Antonio Gramsci Critical theory Eponymous political ideologies Imperialism studies International relations theory Marxist theory