human beings—though she admits those interests to be existent. Furthermore, Steinbock affirms speciesism. For her, humans are more important than non-human animals, though non-human animals, in their own right, have moral status because they have interests of their own. Beings without interests of their own (e.g., plants, wilderness areas, species, works of art, embryos) do not have moral status, but may have moral value, if there are moral reasons to protect or preserve them. These reasons do not stem from their interests, since they do not have any interests of their own, and so are not "golden-rule type" reasons, but may be morally very important. Steinbock has stated that "We do not subject animals to different moral treatment simply because they have fur and feathers, but because they are in fact different from human beings in ways that could be morally relevant". Selected publications Speciesism and the Idea of Equality (1978) Life Before Birth: The Moral and Legal Status of Embryos and Fetuses (1992) Killing and Letting Die (with Alastair Norcross, 1994) The Oxford Handbook of Bioethics (2007) References External links Bonnie Steinbock's home page "Life Before Birth" Second Edition 1947 births 20th-century American philosophers 20th-century American women 21st-century American philosophers 21st-century American women American animal welfare scholars American philosophy academics American women philosophers Bioethicists Hastings Center Fellows Living people University at Albany, SUNY faculty University of California, Berkeley alumni