and a later raid on Mission Rosario also masterminded by Maria that led to the mission's abandonment by the Spanish, they planned a series of punitive expeditions against the Karankawa intended to exterminate them, although all of these proved abortive and unsuccessful, and they were abandoned as a strategy by 1786, with the war ending three years later, in 1789. In 1806, the Rosario mission was merged with that of Refugio. In 1830, Refugio and La Bahía del Espiritu Santo were secularized. Relations with the English and the French While the Spanish tried to incorporate the Karankawa into their empire, the Karankawa engaged in purely economic terms with the English and the French, trading skins and deer for weapons (i.e., muskets, guns) and household goods. Encounters with Jean Lafitte When Galveston Island was occupied by the pirate Jean Lafitte from 1817 to 1821, some of his men kidnapped a Karankawa woman. In response, about 300 Karankawa moved in to attack. When Lafitte learned of their encampment and impending attack, he sent 200 of his men, armed with two cannons, to confront the Karankawa. After the Karankawa lost about 30 men, they retreated to the mainland, with the pirates in pursuit. On the mainland, a few more Karankawa were killed. Encounters with the Texan colonists Austin was introduced to the Karankawas by an encounter with a peaceful Coco tribe. After some talks and an exchange of tobacco and a frying pan, Moses Austin considered them good friends, but after a warning of Karankawas at the mouth of a nearby river, Moses wrote in his journal that Karankawas are universal enemies of man and cannot be befriended and must be removed for Anglo-American settlers to live in peace. In 1821, Moses Austin received the Austin land grant to settle 300 families between Galveston Bay and the Colorado River. The Karankawa sought to hinder their progress by killing settlers who were guarding the ship John Motley and by stealing their supplies. By 1825, settlers banded together to attack the Karankawa. Stephen Austin commissioned Captain Kuykendall to lead volunteers to expel them from the territory, which extended to the Lavaca River. They chased the Karankawa to Manahila Creek, where a Spanish missionary interceded on their behalf and made them promise to never again go east of the Lavaca. This promise was broken, however, and was met by disproportionate violence by the Texan colonists. Demise