At least 223 companies have manufactured hard disk drives. Most of that industry has vanished through bankruptcy or mergers and acquisitions. None of the first four entrants continue in the industry today. Only three manufacturers have survived: Seagate, Toshiba and Western Digital (WD)—all of which grew at least in part through mergers and acquisitions. Partial list of defunct manufacturers Some of the defunct manufacturers include: Alps America Amcodyne Ampex Anelex Corp. Areal Technology – acquired by Tomen Corp in 1993 Atasi Technology, Inc. Aura Associates Avatar Systems BASF Brand Technologies Bryant Computer Products Bull Burroughs Corporation – merged with Sperry Corporation to form Unisys in 1986 C. Itoh Electronics Castlewood Systems Caelus Memories|Caelus Memories, Inc. CalComp Calluna Technologies Cardiff Century Data Cogito (company)|Cogito Comport Computer Memories Inc. (CMI) – left industry in 1986 Computer Memory Devices, Inc. Conner Peripherals – merged with Seagate in 1996 Control Data Corporation (CDC) / Imprimis Technology – sold hard disk drive business to Seagate in 1989 Cornice LLC – bankrupt in 2007 Data General Data Products Corp. Data Recording Instruments (DRI) Data Tech Memories Diablo Systems - became Diablo Data Systems in 1972 Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) – sold hard disk drive business to Quantum Corporation in 1994 Disc Tech One Disctron DMA DZU (of Bulgaria) – converted from government-owned to private, and sold to Videoton in 1999 Ecol. 2 Emulex Epson Espert ExcelStor Technology – left industry Fuji Electric Fujitsu – HDD division acquired by Toshiba in July 2009 General Electric (GE) Gigastorage GS Magicstor, Inc. – manufacturing 1-inch drives Hewlett-Packard (HP) - 1976 to 1996, left industry Hitachi Global Storage Technologies (HGST) – 2002 merger of Hitachi and IBM disk drive businesses, sold to Western Digital in 2012 with part of 3.5″ manufacturing facilities going to Toshiba Hokushin Electric Works Honeywell Bull Hyosung IBM – hard disk drive business acquired by Hitachi Global Storage Technologies in 2002 Information Storage Systems Acquired by Itel, then Univac and finally CDC Integral Peripherals – first rigid 1.8" drive; bankrupt in 1998 International Memories, Inc.(IMI) Discontinued manufacturing in early 1985. Iomec Iomega – left industry ISOT/ИЗОТ (of Bulgaria) Josephine County Technology (JCT) Ceased manufacturing in 1988. JT Storage (JTS) – bankrupt in 1999 JVC – left industry Kalok – bankrupt in 1994 Kyocera Electronics, Inc LaPine Technologies Librascope Marshall Laboratories Matsushita - left industry in 2004, its final production was exclusive for Quantum Corporation and then