adverse events raises an ethical issue. In order to respect autonomy, one is required to inform a patient about what harms a treatment is likely to cause. Yet the way in which potential harms are communicated could cause additional harm, which may violate the ethical principle of non-maleficence. It may be possible that nocebo effects can be reduced while respecting autonomy using different models of informed consent, including the use of a framing effect and the authorized concealment. In fact, it has been argued that forcing patients to learn about all potential adverse events against their will could violate autonomy. See also Notes References External links Nocebo and nocebo effect The nocebo response The Nocebo Effect: Placebo's Evil Twin What modifies a healing response The science of voodoo: When mind attacks body, New Scientist The Effect of Treatment Expectation on Drug Efficacy: Imaging the Analgesic Benefit of the Opioid Remifentanil This Video Will Hurt (The Nocebo Effect), via YouTube BBC Discovery program on the nocebo effect What is the Nocebo effect? Clinical research Cultural anthropology Drug discovery 1960s neologisms Latin medical words and phrases Medical terminology Medicinal chemistry Mind–body interventions Somatic psychology