the flooding are not known. Aftermath The response to requests for international aid was moderate. American church groups, Cuba, and Mexico collectively contributed around 2,500 tons of food and medicine. The Canadian, Swedish, West German, Spanish, and Dutch governments contributed aid amounting to 2 million dollars (1988) each. No aid was sent by the United States government. The Soviet Union contributed an unknown sum. The slow response to requests for aid was contributed to by the Sandinista Government's actions, which was viewed by a few anonymous diplomats from other countries who commented to the press, as undermining the peace process championed by Óscar Arias. Those actions were the July 10 arrests of opposition activists and the closing down of independent radio stations. In addition, the government also barred foreign humanitarian groups from receiving American aid, as well as turning back a relief shipment days before the storm. On October 28, 1988, the United Nations General Assembly passed without a vote Resolution 17 of its 43rd session in response to the disaster. The resolution called on countries to contribute to the relief effort. Retirement The name Joan was retired in 1989 and replaced by Joyce on the list for the 1994 season. The name will never again be used for a North Atlantic hurricane. Because the impact of the Miriam portion of the tropical cyclone was minimal, the name Miriam was not retired in the Pacific and is still on the list of names for that basin. See also List of Atlantic–Pacific crossover hurricanes List of Category 4 Atlantic hurricanes List of Eastern Pacific tropical storms Hurricane Irene–Olivia (1971) Hurricane Fifi–Orlene (1974) Tropical Storm Bret (1993) Hurricane Otto (2016) Hurricane Iota (2020) References External links Joan path Miriam path Joan preliminary report Miriam preliminary report Miriam advisories Atlantic to Pacific crossover storms Joan-Miriam Joan-Miriam Joan-Miriam Joan-Miriam Joan-Miriam Retired Atlantic hurricanes Hurricanes in Nicaragua Hurricanes in Colombia Hurricanes in Venezuela Hurricanes in Barbados Joan-Miriam Hurricanes in Grenada Hurricanes in El Salvador Hurricanes in Guatemala 1988 in Venezuela 1988 in Colombia 1988 in Barbados 1988 in Grenada 1988 in Panama 1988 in Costa Rica 1988 in Nicaragua 1988 in El Salvador 1988 in Guatemala Hurricanes in the ABC Islands Joan-Miriam Hurricanes in Costa Rica Hurricanes in Panama