DESFire EV1). The AES variants have additional security features; e.g., CMAC. MIFARE DESFire uses a protocol compliant with ISO/IEC 14443-4. The contactless IC is based on an 8051 processor with 3DES/AES cryptographic accelerator, making very fast transactions possible. The maximal read/write distance between card and reader is , but the actual distance depends on the field power generated by the reader and its antenna size. In 2010, NXP announced the discontinuation of the MIFARE DESFire (MF3ICD40) after it had introduced its successor MIFARE DESFire EV1 (MF3ICD41) in late 2008. In October 2011 researchers of Ruhr University Bochum announced that they had broken the security of MIFARE DESFire (MF3ICD40), which was acknowledged by NXP (see MIFARE DESFire security). MIFARE DESFire EV1 First evolution of MIFARE DESFire contactless IC, broadly backwards compatible. Available with 2 kiB, 4 kiB, and 8 kiB non-volatile memory. Other features include: Support for random ID. Support for 128-bit AES Hardware and operating system are Common Criteria certified at level EAL 4+ MIFARE DESFire EV1 was publicly announced in November 2006. Key applications: Advanced public transportation Access management Loyalty Micropayment MIFARE DESFire EV2 The second evolution of the MIFARE DESFire contactless IC family, broadly backwards compatible. New features include: MIsmartApp enabling to offer or sell memory space for additional applications of 3rd parties without the need to share secret keys Transaction MAC to authenticate transactions by 3rd parties Virtual Card Architecture for privacy protection Proximity check against relay attacks MIFARE DESFire EV2 was publicly announced in March 2016 at the IT-TRANS event in Karlsruhe, Germany MIFARE DESFire EV3 The latest evolution of the MIFARE DESFire contactless IC family, broadly backward compatible. New features include: ISO/IEC 14443 A 1–4 and ISO/IEC 7816-4 compliant Common Criteria EAL5+ certified for IC hardware and software NFC Forum Tag Type 4 compliant SUN message authentication for advanced data protection within standard NDEF read operation Choice of open DES/2K3DES/3K3DES/AES crypto algorithms Flexible file structure hosts as many applications as the memory size supports Proof of transaction with card generated MAC Transaction Timer mitigates risk of man-in-the-middle attacks MIFARE DESFire EV3 was publicly announced on 2 June 2020. MIFARE SAM AV2 MIFARE SAMs are not contactless smart cards. They are secure access modules designed to provide the secure storage of cryptographic keys and cryptographic functions for terminals to access the MIFARE products securely and to enable secure communication between terminals and host (backend). MIFARE SAMs