realm of modern-day realities and issues of life in India. Makaan had an impact on many English writers such as Vikram Seth, who turned to novel writing. These Urdu novels further impacted significant works such as Andhere Pag by Sarwat Khan, Numberdar Ka Neela by S M Ashraf and Fire Area by Ilyas Ahmed Gaddi. Paigham Afaqui's second major novel, Paleeta, was published in 2011 and depicts the tension of the political sickening of a common Indian citizen in the six decades after India's independence. Bewildered by the disappointing state of democracy and the transformation of Indian society into a mental desert the central character dies after leaving behind his writings which catch fire. Famous novels Mirat-ul-Uroos (The Bride's Mirror; 1868–1869) by Deputy Nazeer Ahmed is regarded as the first novel in Urdu. Within twenty years of publication over 100,000 copies had been printed; and was also translated into Bengali, Braj, Kashmiri, Punjabi, and Gujarati. It has never been out of print in Urdu. In 1903 an English translation was published in London by G. E. Ward. Umrao Jaan Ada by Mirza Hadi Ruswa is considered the first Urdu novel by many critics. Binat-ul-Nash (The Daughters of the Bier, a name for the constellation Ursa Major) is another novel by Deputy Nazeer Ahmed. It was his 2nd novel after Mirat-tul-uroos. Like Mira-tul-Uroos, this novel is also on the education of women and their character building. Zindagi (Everything Happens in Life; 1933–1934) by Chaudhry Afzal Haq describes the ups and downs of life for developing moral values and guidance of young people. His entire work is full of the teaching of moral values. Taubat-un-Nasuh (Repentance of Nasuh; 1873–1874) by Deputy Nazeer Ahmed also focused on moral lessons for youth. Fasaana-e-Mubtalaa (1885) was another novel for developing moral values and guidance for youth. Jasoosi Dunya and Imran series by Ibn-e-Safi Aag Ka Darya by Quratulain Haider Aangan by Khadija Mastoor Udaas Naslain by Abdullah Hussain Jangloos by Shaukat Siddiqui "Daira" (دائرہ) by Muhammad Asim Butt "Jannat Kay Pattay" by Nemrah Ahmed "Pir-e-Kamil" by Umera Ahmad "Khuda Ke Saaye Mein Ankh Micholi " by Rahman Abbas "Ek Mamnua Muhabbat Ki Kahani " by Rahman Abbas "Rohzin " By Rahman Abbas In the first decade of twenty first century Rahman Abbas has emerged as most influential Urdu fiction writer. 'The Hindu', writes about work of Rahman Abbas, "With his uncanny ability to subvert what