Meteorological Service of Canada issued warnings for the affected areas as early as September 9, 36 hours before the arrival of the storm. Impact Leeward Islands Overall, the powerful winds and heavy rainfall caused by Luis caused extensive crop and property damage across the Leeward Islands. Due to a lack of reports from some affected areas, the exact amount of damage caused by the storm is unknown, but it is estimated at about $3 billion USD. Antigua and Barbuda As a result of a direct hit from the Category 4 hurricane, Barbuda experienced and over of rain, contributing to very extensive damage. According to Prime Minister Lester Bird, most houses were damaged or eradicated at 70% in Barbuda, and nearly 45% of the residences on Antigua were damaged or destroyed by the hurricane as it passed near to the north of the island. Across the islands, numerous inhabitants experienced power outages and disrupted water systems. The storm ultimately accounted for three deaths, and injured 165 locals. 32,000 inhabitants on both islands were greatly affected, with 1,700 forced to take shelter, and approximately 3,000 left homeless. A United States station on Antigua lost its wind recording equipment when gusts reached and minimum pressure at , while an amateur radio reported an unconfirmed gust of in Barbuda. Throughout the country, the total damage from the storm was estimated at $350 million, or 60% of the country's Gross Domestic Product (GDP), with most of the damage on Barbuda. Guadeloupe Luis caused some damage as it passed near north of Guadeloupe, predominantly to Grande-Terre. Hurricane-force conditions resulted in moderate damage to homes and roofs, uprooted trees, and severe beach erosion. The Basse-Terre region, meanwhile, received minor damage, except to banana crops that were damaged at nearly 90%, and sugar cane crops on the north at nearly 20%. Overall, of rain were recorded in the islands, while the mountain regions recorded up to . The highest rainfall within the 48-hour period was in La Grande Soufrière, where of rain damaged the west coast roads and washed away houses. The meteorological office in Raizet recorded sustained winds of , with gusts that reached near . The office also reported a fall in minimal pressure to between 3 and 4am on September 5, and a total of of rain across the whole period. Only Desirade, the easternmost island, recorded hurricane-force winds of , and a sustained gust