such projects as "RadioAstron" and Fobos-Grunt. Mathematics and Mathematical Modelling One of the greatest mathematicians of the twentieth century I. M. Gelfand was at the head of the Department of heat transmission before his departure for the United States in 1989. He was carrying out the fundamental works on functional analysis, algebra and topology. A. N. Tikhonov worked initially also in these areas of mathematics. However, Tikhonov is better known with his works of more applied orientation, such as methods for solving ill-posed problems (Tikhonov regularization). Tikhonov also created the theory of differential equations with a small parameter at the highest derivative. The general theory of stability of difference schemes was developed by . Samarskii considered mathematical modelling as an independent scientific discipline. S. P. Kurdyumov created a whole scientific school in nonlinear dynamics and synergetics in Russia. Currently, the existing arsenal of numerical methods is updated and improved in response to the growing complexity of the models and the possibilities of modern supercomputers. Scientists of KIAM elaborate grid methods for solving computational problems, which has led, in particular, to the creation of a declarative language "Norma". Computers and Programming The institute is always supplied with the most modern computer technology, which the domestic industry could put. The first studies were carried out still on mechanical calculators "Mercedes" by a large staff of estimators. In 1955, the first domestically produced computer "Strela" appeared, and, in particular, the orbit of the first satellite was calculated with use of it. Currently, work is underway to create a distributed computing systems based on combining several supercomputers, which are used for grid – technology and developed a specialized operating system (DVM). Robotics Currently, work on the robotics are carried out in: the Group of of the Sector under guidance of (virtual football), the Group of (vision systems), the Group of (autonomous tracked vehicles). Work is also continuing on the establishment of six-legged walking machine. Computational biology Since 2016, the sphere of interests of KIAM includes also computational biology problems, which are solved in IMPB RAS – Branch of KIAM RAS in Pushchino. Specialized research projects The project "RadioAstron" The project "Norma" The project "DVM" The project "GNS" The project "grid" (multiprocessor computations) The project "Virtual football" International Scientific Optical Network (ISON) Teaching and social activities Most of the leading employees of KIAM worked part-time as professors of the Moscow State University and Moscow Institute