The Korean Social Kumdo Federation was formed and followed by the 1st National Social Championships 1993 Inauguration of the SBS Royal National Championships Today Philosophy As with Martial Arts practices around the World, Korean Kumdo is imbued with cultural and philosophical thought of both current society and the historic past. In this way the sport aspects of Kumdo practice seek to build strong Character in its practitioners, while good Character in turn contributes to an ardent competitive spirit while respecting tenets of courtesy, respect, sportsmanship and fair-play. Though Kumdo is of modern vintage, Kumdo schools still invoke the "O-Gae" or "Five tenets" associated with the Silla kingdom of The Three Kingdoms Period. The modern rendition of this code is as follows. "Be loyal and faithful to your country and organization. Be faithful and respectful to your parents and elders. Be faithful and respectful to your friends and colleagues. Be confident and show courage when faced with injustice. Be benevolent." In the modern era, additional tenets have been added, often reflecting challenges common to competition. Known as "the Four Poisons of Kumdo" these include Surprise, Fear, Doubt (or Hesitation) and Confusion. Regular and ardent practice is encouraged to steadily bring these natural responses under control. Similarly, Kumdo practitioners seek to develop a state termed "emptiness (K. Pyoungsangsim) wherein natural execution of method is not impacted by circumstances or environment. Another condition, known as "Kiwi" --- the state of mental, physical and spiritual discipline--- seeks clarity and objectivity regarding the matter at hand. And Jan Sim (lit. "remaining mind") concerns steadfastness and perseverance. Equipment Protective equipment used in Kumdo is called Hogu()---bōgu in Japanese--- and consists of 6 elements. NOT SHOWN.) Myŏn-soo-goon (, "tenugui" in Japanese): cotton scarf worn under the helmet to absorb perspiration and prevent interference in the competitors' vision. It can also be called a "Dougong" but not to be mixed up with the Chinese definition. A.) Homyeoun (, "men" in Japanese): Helmet including a wire grill to protect the face. B.) Kap (, "dō" in Japanese): Chest protector D.) Kapsang (, "tare" in Japanese): Canvas and leather skirt worn around the waist to protect the hip and groin area C,E.) Howan (, "kote" in Japanese):(pair) formed mitts with cuffs used to protect the hand and wrist area. As with any modern contact sport, the use of a mouthguard (K.'eep bohodae') is strongly encouraged. In addition the individual will