different ways, and it was as intelligible to them across long distances as their language. Their methods are unknown. Manners and customs The Karankawa had a specific way of conversing. They carefully repressed their breath while speaking; at the end of their sentences, they exhaled heavily, releasing the air they held back during speaking. Moreover, their expression was interpreted by Europeans as impassive, especially because they never looked at the person to whom they were speaking. Their pronunciation was very exact, and they ridiculed poor elocution by the whites who tried to learn their language. The Europeans described their general demeanor as surly and fatigued. They did not have a regular sleep schedule, but slept whenever they wished. They also ate and drank at all times of the day. Karankawa never communicated their native names to the whites. However, they all adopted English or Spanish names. Many men adopted American military epithets and Christian names, and they would change these frequently. Among the Karankawa exists an in-law taboo. Once a man and his wife have become, in the Karankawa sense, married, the husband and his children are now no longer allowed to enter the residence of his wife's parents, nor can his wife's parents enter his or his children's home. These two groups are also no longer allowed to talk with one another and must never come face to face with one another. If a situation of coming face to face with one another arises, both parties must avert their eyes and move away from each other. This taboo only seems to apply to the husbands and their children, most likely due to inconvenience on the wife's part, as Karankawans are typically patrilocal. Arts, athletics, and recreation The Karankawa possessed at least three musical instruments - a large gourd filled with stones, which was shaken to produce sound, a fluted piece of wood, which the Karankawa drew a stick over to produce sound, and a flute, which was softly blown. The Karankawa practiced hatchet throwing, recreational brawls with knives, ball games, and wrestling matches. No gambling or guessing games seemed to have developed among the Karankawa. The Karankawa were also noted for their remarkable physical feats, such as continuing to fight after being wounded in battle, breaking ice with their bodies, and swimming in freezing water. Archery Their most notable skill was archery. The Karankawa made their own bows and