Tenonitis is a rare eye disease that is represented by inflammation of Tenon's capsule. Tenon's capsule, also known as the fascial sheath of the eyeball, is a structure surrounding the eyeball, and when it becomes inflamed it may cause issues in regards to vision. Also known as orbital tenonitis, tenonitis is associated with the SLC26A3 gene. The inflammation of the Tenon capsule resulting from heightened blood flow may also affect the lacrimal gland and the extraocular muscles. Signs and Symptoms Signs and symptoms depend on the severity of the case with tenonitis. In mild cases it may just be an uncomfortable sensation in the eye socket. In extreme cases it may cause permanent blindness or eye removal is needed. Swelling Intraocular pressure Blindness Causes There are no specific causes of this disease. With this being so rare not enough research has been allocated to pinpoint a specific cause of this disease. The main thing that we know about this disease is that the inflammation of the Tenon capsule may be related to macular retinal edema and intraocular pressure quantitative trait locus. Mechanism With the lack of research and understanding about this specific disease it is hard to come up with a mechanism that outlines how this arises in the body. Although we cannot pinpoint specifically how it occurs, there are some findings that may help us get to that point in the future. A gene that is associated with orbital tenonitis is the SLC26A3 gene. This gene mediates chloride and bicarbonate exchange and additionally transports sulfate and other anions at the apical membrane, part of the plasma membrane of enterocytes. It is also known that related phenotypes are Increased shRNA abundance (Z-score > 2). Diagnosis Tenonitis can be identified and diagnosed a few different ways. Tenon's capsule may have inflammation from a disease called idiopathic orbital inflammation syndrome. There is no history of trauma or adjacent focus of infection with this disease. In order to diagnose tenonitis some type of imaging is needed, such as a CT or MRI. The imaging is used to capture the inflammation and to spot any possible chance of infection. For chronic diseases a biopsy may be needed to determine an underlying condition that may be causing the recurring inflammation. Treatment The main course of treatment for this specific disease would be to surgically excise the capsule. There is no info that implies the inflammation