used to clear mines and wrecks in harbours. For other events, see Operations of X Flottiglia MAS and British commando frogmen. Some nations including Italy have continued to build and deploy manned torpedoes since 1945. Italy World War I Raffaele Rossetti in 1918 created a new weapon, based on his idea of a torpedo manned by a person, to be linked to enemy vessels underwater and explode under the ship hull. This weapon was called "mignatta" (leech) and was the precursor of the maiale of World War II and the actual human torpedo. World War II Siluro a Lenta Corsa (Italian, Low Speed Torpedo – SLC), also known as Maiale (Italian for "pig", plural maiali). Siluro San Bartolomeo (Italian, St. Bartholomew Torpedo, also called SSB). It was never used in action. For information on Italian manned torpedo operations, see Decima Flottiglia MAS. After 1945 CE2F/X100 is a swimmer delivery vehicle made after 1945. They were made in Italy. Range . 2 riders. The Pakistan Navy has several of them. India and Argentina also have some. Recent upgrades included: control module with a GPS autopilot digitized on board electronics launcher for five LCAW mini-torpedoes (optional) United Kingdom World War II Chariot Mark 1, long, wide, high, speed , weight: 1.6 tonnes, maximum diving depth: . Endurance 5 hours (distance depended on water current). Its control handle was -shaped. 34 were made. Chariot Mark II, long, diameter, maximum height, weight , max speed , range 5–6 hours at full speed, had two riders, who sat back to back. 30 were made. Both types were made by Stothert & Pitt (crane makers) at Bath, Somerset. Germany World War II Neger This extreme form of a genuine human torpedo carried a second torpedo underneath, which was launched at the target. Speed: , and about 10 hours at 3 knots. One seat. This manned torpedo was named after its inventor Richard Mohr. Marder and Biber These very small submarines carried two torpedoes and one or two men. There were other types that never ran into production. In July 1944 Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine introduced their human torpedoes to harass allied positions at Normandy anchorages. Although they could not submerge, they were difficult to observe at night and inflicted several losses on allied vessels. They were also used to harass allied vessels in the invasion of southern France but were largely ineffective. Japan World War II Kaiten.