the help of businessman and diplomat Henri B. van Leeuwen (1888-1973). There, Birnbaum, van Leeuwen, and banker Daniel Wolfe published the anti-Zionist newspaper Der Ruf ("The Call"). (Menachem and his family were murdered by the Nazis in 1944.) At the same time, their son Solomon (Professor of Yiddish and Hebrew paleography) and his family fled from Hamburg to England. Their other son, Uriel, an artist and poet, and his family fled from Vienna to the Netherlands in 1939. Van Leeuwen, also an Orthodox Jew, became a Dutch anti-Zionist leader and Bergen-Belsen survivor. Birnbaum died in Scheveningen in 1937 after a period of severe illness. Published works "In bondage to our fellow Jews", 1919, from Nathan Birnbaum, Series of Essays on Agudas Yisroel, London, 1944, reproduced in Michael Selzer, editor, Zionism Reconsidered, Macmillan, London, 1970. Selbstemanzipation! Periodical. Vienna, 1885-1894. (ed., numerous articles). See above in text. Die jüdische Moderne; (Schulze) Leipzig, 1896, Ausgewählte Schriften zur jüdischen Frage, 2 Bände, 1910. Den Ostjuden Ihr Recht!; (Löwit) Vienna, 1915, Gottes Volk; (Löwit) Vienna, 1918, Um die Ewigkeit. Jüdische Essays; (Welt) Berlin, 1920, Im Dienste der Verheissung, Frankfurt 1927. Der Aufstieg (periodical); Berlin and Vienna, Jan. 1930 - Dec. 1932. Solomon A. Birnbaum (ed): The Bridge, London, 1956. Confession, New York, 1946. Translation (abridged) of Gottes Volk. From Freethinker to Believer in: Lucy Dawidowicz: The Golden Tradition, New York, 1967. Translation of Vom Freigeist zum Glaubigen, Zürich, 1919. Shloimy Birnboim (ed) Ais Laasys - Giklibene Ksuvim fun Nusn Birnboim, Lodz, 1939. (Yiddish). Selected essays. Die Freistatt (periodical). Eschweiler, 1913-1914. Numerous articles. An'iberblik iber maan lebn in: Orlean, Y.L. and Hasofer, N. (eds):Yubileyum Bukh zum zektsiktn Giburtstug fun Dr. Nusn Birnboim. Yeshurun, Warsaw, 1925. Yiddish. See also Theodor Herzl Timeline of Zionism References Further reading Michael Kühntopf-Gentz, Nathan Birnbaum. Biographie; Diss. Tübingen 1990. (In German.) Angelika M. Hausenbichl, Nathan Birnbaum. Seine Bemühungen um das jüdische Theater und die jüdische Kultur; Dipl.Arb. Wien 2001. (In German.) dies., Wirklich nur Politiker?; in: David. Jüdische Kulturzeitschrift 54, Wien (09/2002). (In German.) Joshua A. Fishman, Ideology, Society and Language. The Odyssey of Nathan Birnbaum; Ann Arbor (Karoma Publ.) 1987. (In English.) Solomon Birnbaum, Nathan Birnbaum; in: Leo Jung (ed.), Men of the Spirit, New York (Kymson Publ.) 1964. (In English.) S. A. Birnbaum, Nathan Birnbaum and National Autonomy; in: Josef Fraenkel (ed.), The Jews of Austria, London 1967, 1970. (In English+German.) An essay on Nathan Birnbaum's activities within Orthodox