was executed. O'Neill was specifically named as a ringleader in the Cromwellian Act for the Settlement of Ireland 1652 and could therefore expect no mercy. A bounty of £100 was put on his head. O'Neill was captured on 4 February 1653 by William Caulfeild, 1st Viscount Charlemont on a crannog (artificial island) in Roughan Lough next to Roughan Castle, Newmills, County Tyrone where he had taken refuge. He was taken to Dublin, where his trial was held. He was found guilty, hanged, drawn, and quartered for treason on 10 March 1653. O'Neill may have been able to avoid execution had he testified that he had Charles I's commission for the uprising of 1641, as the Parliamentarians claimed at the time. However, O'Neill refused to do so. He was survived by at least one child, Gordon O'Neill, who would serve as a colonel in the Jacobite forces during the Williamite War. Phelim O'Neill in literature O'Neill is depicted as a historical character in several books. Annraoi Ó Liatháin's Irish-language novel Dún na Cinniúna centres on the 1651 siege of Charlemont Fort in Tyrone. O'Neill's defeat at the battle of Glanmaquin in 1642 is described in Darach Ó Scolaí's novel An Cléireach. The use of "P. O'Neill" as a pseudonym in Provisional IRA public statements is thought by some to be a reference to Phelim O'Neill. Notes and references Notes Citations Sources Subject matter monographs: Click here. Casway 2004 in Oxford Dictionary of National Biography Click here. McGrath 1997 in A Biographical Dictionary of the Membership of the Irish House of Commons 1640 to 1641 Click here. Ó Siochrú in Dictionary of Irish Biography Click here. Dunlop 1895 in Dictionary of National Biography Click here. Webb 1878 in Compendium of Irish Biography Click here. Wills 1840 in Lives of illustrious and distinguished Irishmen – 1650 to 1653 – 1653 to 1660 – (Preview) – (for timeline) – Preface, Introduction, Depositions – Not available online – Parliaments & Biographies (PDF downloadable from given URL) – (Snippet view) – (PDF downloadable from given URL) – (Preview) – Knights bachelors & Index – 1643 to 1660 and index 1604 births 1653 deaths 17th-century rebels Executed Irish people O'Neill of Kinard, Felim Irish Rebellion of 1641 O'Neill Irish soldiers in the Irish Confederate Wars O'Neill dynasty People executed under the Interregnum (England) by hanging People from County Armagh O'Neill Year of birth unknown