refer to the masculine and feminine principles, respectively. [5] Oxen are customarily used to work the land; the year of the birth of the Karmapa was that of the Wood Ox (1995). [6] This refers to the sound of the conch that, soon after the birth of the Karmapa, resounded miraculously in the sky. [7] Dönyö Drubpa (Sanskrit: Amoghasiddhi), one of the five dhyānibuddhas, represents the Family of Activity, Karma. Dönyö refers to the twelfth Tai Situpa, whose name is Pema Dönyö Nyinje, indicating that he will become the root lama of the seventeenth Karmapa." Shamar Rinpoche questions the letter's authenticity Shamar Rinpoche questioned the authenticity of Tai Situ's prediction letter presented in 1992. He requested a forensic examination to prove or disprove its age and authorship. Shamar Rinpoche stated the inner letter appeared to be older than its outer envelope, and claimed the handwriting and grammar did not match that of the 16th Karmapa. Tai Situ rejected the idea of a scientific evaluation. Recognizing the current Karmapa An academic expert in the field, Geoffrey Samuel, testified in court that while the recognition of Ogyen Trinley "appears to have been accepted by a majority of Karma Kagyu monasteries and lamas, there remains a substantial minority of monasteries and lamas who have not accepted Ogyen Trinley as Karmapa. In particular, these include the Shamar Rinpoche, who historically has been the person most directly involved in the process of recognition." It is difficult to produce an objective description of the events. Among the major tulkus of the Karma Kagyu lineage, the 7th Dzogchen Ponlop Rinpoche, the 9th Thrangu Rinpoche, the 7th Mingyur Rinpoche, and the 9th Traleg Kyabgon Rinpoche hold Ogyen Trinley Dorje to be the 17th Karmapa, while the majority of lamas and Karma Kagyu sangha also agree; Trinley Thaye Dorje has been recognized by Shamar Rinpoche, Lama Jigme Rinpoche, Topga Yulgyal Rinpoche, Lopon Tsechu Rinpoche, Sherab Gyaltsen Rinpoche, Khenchen Rinpoche Drupon Trinley Paljor, and the Fourth Trungram Gyaltrul Rinpoche. The government of the People's Republic of China officially recognized Ogyen Trinley Dorje as the 17th Karmapa in 1992. The PRC has continued to recognize Ogyen Trinley Dorje as the Karmapa even after he departed Tibet and arrived in India in January 2000. Ogyen Trinley has been referred to as the 'Beijing Karmapa', due to the backing he receives from the government of the PRC. Trinley Thaye, meanwhile, is referred to