were already in use from European Astronomers while others he invented himself. While working in this observatory, Taqī al-Dīn not only operated many previously created instruments and techniques, but he also developed numerous new ones. Of these novel inventions, the automatic-mechanical clock is regarded as one of the most important developed in the Constantinople Observatory. Each of these instruments were first described by Ptolemy. An Armillary Sphere- A model of celestial bodies with rings that represent longitude and latitude. A Paralactic Ruler- also known as a Triquetrum was used to calculate the altitudes of celestial bodies. An Astrolabe- Measures the inclined position of celestial bodies. These instruments were created by Muslim astronomers. A Mural quadrant, a type of mural Instrument for measuring angles from 0 to 90 degrees. An Azimuthally Quadrant Each of the instruments were created by Taqi al-Din to use for his own work.A Parallel rulerA Ruler Quadrant or Wooden Quadrant an instrument with two holes for the measurement of apparent diameters and eclipses.A mechanical clock with a train of cogwheels which helped measure the true ascension of the stars.Muşabbaha bi'l-menatık, an instrument with chords to determine the equinoxes, invented to replace the equinoctial armillary. A Sunaydi Ruler which was apparently a special type of instrument of an auxiliary nature, the function of which was explained by Alaeddin el-Mansur Contributions Clock mechanics Rise of clock use in the Ottoman Empire Before the sixteenth century European mechanical clocks were not in high demand. This lack of demand was brought on by the extremely high prices and the lack of preciseness needed by the population who had to calculate when they would have to have the prayer. The use of hourglasses, water clocks, and sundials was more than enough to meet their needs. It was not until around 1547 that the Ottomans started creating a high demand for them. Initially, it was started by the gifts brought by the Austrians but this would end up starting a market for the clocks. European clockmakers began to create clocks designed to the tastes and needs of the Ottoman people. They did this by showing both the phases of the moon and by utilizing Ottoman numbers. Taqī al-Dīn's work Due to this high demand for mechanical clocks, Taqī al-Dīn was asked by the Grand Vizier to create a clock that would show exactly when the call to prayer was. This would lead him