modern market economies. Planning that coordinates interrelated decisions before their implementation can take into account a wider range of social effects. This has important applications for efficient industrial planning, including decisions about the external effects of uneven development between sectors, and in terms of the external effects of public works, and for development of infant industries; this is in addition to widely publicised negative external effects on the environment. Variables in planning By taking the complex of factors into consideration, only coordinated antecedent planning allows for fluid allocation where things that appear as "data" in static frameworks can be used as variables in a planning process. By way of example one can enumerate the following categories of "data" that under coordinated antecedent plan will assume the form of variables that can be adjusted in the plan according to circumstances: rate of investment, distribution of investment between capital and consumption, choices of production techniques, geographical distribution of investment and relative rates of growth of transport, fuel and power, and of agriculture in relation to industry, the rate of introduction of new products, and their character, and the degree of standardisation or variety in production that the economy at its stage of development feels it can afford. Footnotes Works Capitalist Enterprise and Social Progress, 1925 Russian Economic Development since the Revolution. Assisted by H. C. Stevens. London: G. Routledge & Sons, 1928. Wages, 1928 "A skeptical view of the theory of wages", 1929, Economic Journal Russia To-Day and Tomorrow, 1930, The Hogarth Press On Marxism To-Day, 1932, The Hogarth Press Political Economy and Capitalism: Some essays in economic tradition, 1937 Soviet Planning and Labour in Peace and War: Four Studies. London: George Routledge & Sons, 1942 "How Soviet Trade Unions Work." San Francisco: International Bookshop, n.d. [1942]. Leaflet Marx as an Economist: An Essay. London: Lawrence and Wishart, 1943 Soviet Economy and the War. New York: International Publishers, 1943 Studies in the Development of Capitalism, 1946 Soviet Economic Development Since 1917, 1948 Reply (to Paul Sweezy's article on the transition from feudalism to capitalism), 1950, Science and Society Some Aspects of Economic Development, 1951 Economic Theory and Socialism: Collected Papers, 1955 An Essay on Economic Growth and Planning, 1960 Economic Growth and Underdeveloped Countries. New York: International Publishers, 1963 Papers on Capitalism, Development and Planning, 1967 Welfare Economics and the Economics of Socialism, 1969 "The Sraffa System and Critique of the Neoclassical