All motorized vehicles in Indonesia, including motorcycles, are required to have registration plates, which must be displayed at the front and back of the vehicles. The issuing of number plates is regulated and administered by the () (SAMSAT), which is a collaboration between the Indonesian National Police, provincial offices of regional revenue, and the national mandatory vehicle insurance operator Jasa Raharja. History Colonial era Vehicle registration plates were first introduced in the Dutch East Indies in 1900. The early format included regional codes such as CH for Cirebon, SB for Surabaya, and SOK for the eastern coast of Sumatra; and registration numbers with no official standards. Plates were not always installed at the front and the rear of the vehicle; some owners affixed the plates on the side of the vehicle. For international purposes, the Government of the Dutch East Indies introduced the code IN for government vehicles. IN plates were elliptical and the registration numbers were placed below on a rectangular plate. A more-structured system was introduced in 1917 with the implementation of regulations regarding the content of applications for number and driving licenses, the specification of numbers and letters, the models of number and driving licenses, the establishment of registers of holders of the licenses and the publication of the contents of the registers. The regulation obliged vehicle owners to register their vehicles. The Karesidenan-based system was first implemented on Java and afterwards elsewhere in the colony. The alphabetical codes were: A: Banten B: Batavia (now Jakarta) D: Preanger Regencies (now Greater Bandung) E: Cirebon G: Pekalongan H: Semarang K: Rembang L: Surabaya M: Madura N: Pasuruan P: Besuki R: Banyumas AA: Kedu AB: Special Region of Yogyakarta AD: Surakarta (Sragen Regency, Klaten Regency, Karanganyar Regency, Boyolali Regency) AE: Madiun (Ngawi Regency, Ponorogo Regency, Magetan Regency, Pacitan Regency) AG: Kediri (Tulungagung Regency, Blitar, Trenggalek Regency, Nganjuk Regency) BA: Western Coast of Sumatra BB: Tapanuli BD: Bengkulu BE: Lampung BG: Palembang BH: Jambi BK: East Sumatra BL: Aceh BM: Riau BN: Bangka BP: Riau Islands BR: West Kalimantan DA: South Kalimantan and East Kalimantan DB: Manado DD: Sulawesi DE: Ambon DG: Ternate DH: Timor DK: Bali and Lombok Until the 1920s, regional codes were added along with the Karesidenan regional expansion. For example, Bogor used the code F, Bojonegoro used the code S, and Western Papua used the code DS. Post-colonial era 1980s The early format of registration plates