some of its founding components in 1998–2002, see above), on the remnants of the latter party. 2014: The MoDem and the Union of Democrats and Independents form a short-lived alliance named The Alternative. 2017: The MoDem forms an alliance with La République En Marche! and endorses its leader Emmanuel Macron in the presidential election (see below). La République En Marche! 2016: Emmanuel Macron, a former member of the Socialist Party, launches La République En Marche! (EM!). 2017: Macron is elected President of France in the presidential election. Liberal leaders 19th century: Lafayette, Benjamin Constant, François Guizot, Adolphe Thiers, Jules Grévy, Léon Gambetta ARD: Émile Loubet, Armand Fallières, Paul Deschanel, Raymond Poincaré, Louis Barthou, Albert Lebrun, André Tardieu, André Maginot, Pierre-Étienne Flandin Rad/MR: Émile Combes, Georges Clemenceau, Gaston Doumergue, Édouard Herriot, Henri Queuille, Édouard Daladier, Camille Chautemps, René Mayer, Gaston Monnerville, Pierre Mendès France, Edgar Faure, Maurice Faure, Jean-Jacques Servan-Schreiber, Jean-Louis Borloo, Laurent Hénart CNIP: Paul Reynaud (ex-ARD), René Coty (ex-Rad), Joseph Laniel (ex-ARD), Antoine Pinay (ex-ARD), Roger Duchet RI/PR/DL: Raymond Marcellin (ex-CNIP), Michel Poniatowski (ex-CNIP), Valéry Giscard d'Estaing (ex-CNIP), Simone Veil, Jean-Pierre Soisson, Alain Madelin MRS/PRS/PRG: Robert Fabre (ex-Rad), Michel Crépeau (ex-Rad), Émile Zuccarelli, Roger-Gérard Schwartzenberg, Jean-Michel Baylet, Sylvia Pinel UMP: Jean-Claude Gaudin (ex-PR/DL), Patrick Devedjian, Jean-Pierre Raffarin (ex-PR/DL) LREM: Emmanuel Macron (ex-PS), Sylvie Goulard (ex-MoDem) Liberal thinkers Montesquieu (1689–1755) Voltaire (1694–1778) Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712–1778) Marquis de Condorcet (1743–1794) Benjamin Constant (1767–1830) Frédéric Bastiat (1801–1850) Alexis de Tocqueville (1805–1859) Raymond Aron (1905–1983) Raymond Boudon (1934–2013) See also History of France Politics of France List of political parties in France References External links "Le Centre national des indépendants et paysans (CNIP) de 1948 à nos jours": interview with Gilles Richard, Professor of Contemporary history at Rennes Ghins, Arthur (2023). "What Is French Liberalism?". Political Studies. Politics of France France France Radical parties in France Political history of France