die every year. The three most recent epidemics occurred in 1896 -1906, 1920, and 1970. Studies of the tsetse fly show that females generally mate only once (occasionally twice). Studies found this process to be effective in preventing the scourge. Successful programs The screw-worm fly (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was eradicated from the United States, Mexico, Central America, Puerto Rico and Libya. The Mexican fruit fly (Anastrepha ludens, Loew) was eradicated from most of northern Mexico. The tsetse fly was eradicated from Zanzibar in 1998 and Senegal in 2014. The Mediterranean fruit fly (Medfly, Ceratitis capitata, Wiedemann) was eradicated from the northern part of Chile and southern parts of Argentina, Peru and Mexico. It is being suppressed by SIT in fruit-producing areas of Croatia, Israel, South Africa and Spain. The codling moth (Cydia pomonella) is being effectively suppressed in parts of British Columbia, Canada, The pink bollworm (Pectinophora gossypiella) eradicated from southwestern USA and northwestern Mexico. The false codling moth (Thaumatotibia leucotreta) is being effectively suppressed in parts of South Africa. The cactus moth (Cactoblastis cactorum) was eradicated from an outbreak in Yucatán, Mexico. The melon fly (Bactrocera cucurbitae, Coquillett) was eradicated from Okinawa. The onion fly (Delia antiqua) managed in onion production areas in the Netherlands The sweet potato weevil (Cylas formicarius) was eradicated from Kume Island and Tsuken Island, Okinawa Japan. Targets Anopheles mosquito – malaria vector, example Anopheles arabiensis. Tsetse fly (Glossina spp.) – vector of sleeping sickness in humans and nagana in livestock. Painted apple moth in Auckland, New Zealand Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes, vectors for filariasis, dengue, yellow fever, chikungunya, and the Zika virus Fruit fly species, including Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata), Caribbean fruit fly (Anastrepha suspensa) and Mexican fruit fly (Anastrepha ludens) in Americas, Queensland fruit fly (Bactrocera tryoni) in Australia, the oriental fruit fly (Bactrocera dorsalis) in Hawaii, and several other Bactrocera spp. across Australia, Asia, and Oceania: FAO/IAEA lists 39 different SIT facilities (DIR-SIT) across the globe, aiding the retrieval of information on mass production and on radiation doses (IDIDAS). It includes data on both the radiation dose required for the disinfestation of generic commodity groups and the radiation dose used to induce sterility for pest control through the SIT. West Indian sweet potato weevil from Tsuken Island, Okinawa, Japan. History of transboundary shipment of sterile insects Transboundary shipment of sterile insects has taken place on a continuous basis for 55