Ugra (), written by Vassian Patrikeyev, bishop of Rostov and confidant of Ivan III. The anonymous Epistle to Ivan IV (dated 1550s), attributed to metropolitan Makarii or priest Silvestr. The anonymous Kazan Chronicle () alias Kazan History () (dated 1560s). Halperin (1987) called the view that the Stand marked 'the definitive event in the Russian liberation' "oversimplified", saying 'Moscow had probably ceased paying tribute to the Great Horde sometime in the 1470s, yet continued formal relations' for 20 more years, and 'Muscovy continued to pay tribute, of a sort, to various other Tatar khanates. It was not until three quarters of a century later that Muscovite ideologues began to ascribe to this confrontation the significance it currently holds in Russian historical writings.' Janet L B. Martin (1995) dismissed the significance of the stand of the Ugra as 'embellished': '[T]he non-battle has commonly, although erroneously, been identified as the event that ended Tatar domination over the Russian lands. The so-called Battle of the Ugra neither broke the Tatar yoke nor destroyed the close relations Muscovy maintained with its Tatar neighbors.' Concurring, and adding that Muscovy continued paying tribute to the Crimean Khanate, Wilson et al. (2022) called it 'a glorified staring contest. Only centuries later did Rus' chronicles see it as marking the independence of the Rus'.' Perhaps the most important result of the Russo-Crimean alliance was its effect on Lithuania. In 1480–1515, Muscovy (Russia) expanded out of its Oka-Volga cradle west to Smolensk and southwest across the Ugra and down the west side of the Oka as far as Novgorod-Seversky. See also Battle of Kulikovo Battle of Molodi Notes References Sources Nesin, M.K. "On the Reasons for the Withdrawal of Tatar Troops after the Ugra Standoff", 2015, in Russian: http://www.reenactor.ru/ARH/PDF/Nesin_05.pdf (avoid further links to milhist.info which is not secure) External links Conflicts in 1480 Wars involving the Golden Horde 15th century in the Grand Duchy of Moscow