being interested and suggesting that his English and health were not good enough to be a national leader. It was seen as necessary for national unity and the health of the party to have a strong Quebec candidate. Marchand and Gérard Pelletier united behind Justice Minister Pierre Trudeau. Trudeau had little experience and was not well known nationally, but had earned some renown for his wit and charisma. He had received plaudits for a wide-ranging overhaul of the criminal code that removed many of the morality laws, such as those against sodomy. Trudeau also had the strong support of top Pearson advisor Marc Lalonde as well as the tacit backing of Pearson himself, who felt it was important that a Francophone finish at least second in the race. Candidates Pierre Elliot Trudeau, 48, had been Justice Minister since 1967 and Member of Parliament for Mount Royal, Quebec, since 1965. Before entering politics he had been a law professor, writer, and founder and editor of the dissident journal Cité Libre. Robert Winters, 57, was Minister of Trade and Commerce under Pearson and had been Public Works Minister under Louis St. Laurent. An engineer by training, he had been an MP for Nova Scotia from 1945 until 1957. After several years as a corporate executive he re-entered parliament, representing the Toronto riding of York West since 1965. John Turner, 38, Minister of Consumer and Corporate Affairs since 1967 and previously a Minister without portfolio since 1965, Turner had been MP for St. Lawrence—St. George, Quebec since 1962. Paul Hellyer, 44, had been a Toronto MP since 1949. He served briefly as Associate Minister of National Defence in 1957 in St. Laurent's last government, and as Minister of National Defence and then Transport Minister under Pearson. Joe Greene, 47, had been the MP for Renfrew South, Ontario, since 1963 and served as Agriculture Minister under Pearson. Allan MacEachen, 46, MP for Inverness—Richmond, Nova Scotia from 1953 to 1958 and again since 1962, served first as Minister of Labour, and then as Health Minister in Pearson's cabinet. Paul Martin Sr., 64, MP for Essex East, Ontario since 1935, had first entered Cabinet in 1945 as Secretary of State of Canada under William Lyon Mackenzie King, served as Minsister of National Health and Welfare under St. Laurent and, since 1963, was Secretary of State for External Affairs under Pearson. He was the runner-up to Pearson