prevent moisture ingress problems. The composition of ammonal used at Messines was 65% ammonium nitrate, 17% aluminium, 15% trinitrotoluene (TNT), and 3% charcoal. Ammonal remains in use as an industrial explosive. Typically, it is used for quarrying or mining purposes. ETA, a Basque separatist organisation, used 250 kg of ammonal in a car bomb in its attack on the Zaragoza barracks on 11 December 1987 in Zaragoza, Spain. Proportions A T-ammonal mixture previously used in hand grenades and shells has the proportions (by mass): ammonium nitrate 58.6% aluminium powder 21% charcoal 2.4% TNT 18% See also Amatol ANFO BLU-82 "Daisy Cutter" Tritonal References Explosives