1860 federal census recorded 1,571 Kumeyaay living in 24 villages. The Bureau of Indian Affairs recorded 1,322 Kumeyaay in 1968, with 435 living on reservations. By 1990, an estimated 1,200 lived on reservation lands, while 2,000 lived elsewhere. Tribes and reservations Villages Present-day cities with Kumeyaay village origins Kosa'aay (Cosoy) (San Diego) Pa-tai (Ensenada) Pawai (Poway) Sinyweche (Santee) Tecate Tecuan (Tijuana) Other former villages in the US In the City of San Diego: Nyip 'ewai (Nipaquay) (Mission Valley) Matt Xtaat (Choyas) (Barrio Logan) Utay (Otay Mesa) Jamo (Pacific Beach) 'Iilh Taawaa (Ystagua) (Sorrento Valley) Milh Ixox (Melijo) (Tijuana River Valley) Onap (San Clemente Canyon) Tisirr (Downtown San Diego) Totakamalam (Point Loma) Sinyau-Pichkara (Rancho Bernardo) Awil-Nyawa (Rancho Penasquitos) Ahwell-ewa (North City, San Diego) Hatam's Village (within the former Native American neighborhood in San Diego) (Balboa Park) In the County of San Diego Chaip/Chayp (Chula Vista) Meti (National City, California) Neti (Spring Valley, San Diego County, California) 'Aa Kuskilly (Apusquel) (Bonita, California) Tapin/Jacunmat (El Cajon) Matt Tumau (Matamo) (El Cajon near Dehesa, California) Milh 'Ewa (Michegua) (Sycramore Canyon, Santee, California) Alyshuhwi (Imperial Beach) Hayal/Jayal (Olivenhain, Encinitas) Hakutl (Encinitas) Kulaumai (Solana Beach) Tehayiiw/Ajopunquile (La Costa) Hamashaw (Jamacha) Canapu (Ramona, California) Shpank/Epegam (Ballena, California) Hapatul Cojuat Hakwa (Anza-Borrego) Hortluke (near Ranchita) Winal (near Ocotillo Wells) Wi-i (near Ocotillo Wells) In Imperial County Kwpol (Imperial, California) Sitcarknyewa (near Brawley, California) Matakal (near Rockwood, California) Hacamikalau Other former villages in Mexico In the Municipality of Tijuana Kwa-kwa (Cuero de Venado) Wanya pu:wam (Cerro de Bonifacia) We-ilmex (near Presa El Carrizo) Mat g'tay Mat Hasil Ewik Kakap (Islas Coronado) In the Municipality of Tecate Mat'haina:l (Villareal de San José) Cikaú (Tanama) Mat'kwoho:l (Cañon Manteca) Uap 'cu:l uit (Cañon Manteca) Ja-kwak-wak (Las Juntas) Hacamum/Ha'kumum (Agua Tule) Metot'tai (Valle de las Palmas) Kwat' Kunšapax (Las Calabazas) Cukwapa:l (El Compadre) 'Ui'ha'tumer Mutu Cata (Cañon del Cansio) Jat'ám (Santa Clara) Ha'mat'tai (Jamatay) Ha'kume (Ejido Jacume) In the Municipality of Mexicali Hwat Nyaknyuma (Ejido Lázaro Cárdenas) Wekwilul Hakwisiay In the Municipality of Ensenada Jhlumúk (Valle de Guadalupe) Jiurr-jiurr (Agua Escondida) Kwar Nuwa (El Sauzal) 'Ui'cikwar (Real del Castillo) Yiu kwiñi:l (Ojos Negros) Ha'cur (San Salvador) Hispap Matnuk Hakwisay Hacukpin Hameskiny See also Kumeyaay traditional narratives Kumeyaay astronomy O. M. Wozencraft negotiated the Treaty of Santa Ysabel on January 7, 1852. Sycuan Institute on Tribal Gaming at San Diego State University Viejas Arena at San Diego State University Viejas Casino References Bibliography Master's