the observation of CMR in stoichiometric phases like the pyrochlore . Microstructural effects in polycrystalline samples have also been investigated and it has been found that the magnetoresistance is often dominated by the tunneling of spin-polarized electrons between grains, resulting in the magnetoresistance having an intrinsic dependence on grain size. A fully quantitative understanding of the CMR effect remains elusive and it is still the subject of much current research. Early promises of the development of new CMR-based technologies have not yet come to fruition. See also Giant magnetoresistance References External links Magnetoresistance Quantum electronics Spintronics