Morgan in 1670–71; and the Raid on Cartagena by the French in 1697. Pirates operating in the area included the Dutchman Laurens de Graaf, who raided Veracruz in 1683 and Cartagena in 1697. See also History of the Caribbean Piracy in the Caribbean References Further reading Sauer, Carl O. The Early Spanish Main. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press 1969. External links Melfisher.org: Reefs, Wrecks and Rascals — archived version. Spanish colonization of the Americas Age of Sail Piracy in the Atlantic Ocean Colonial Central America Colonial Mexico Colonial Venezuela Spanish Florida Spanish West Indies Viceroyalty of New Granada History of the Atlantic Ocean History of international trade History of New Spain Gulf Coast of Mexico Gulf Coast of the United States Economic history of Spain Naval warfare of the Early Modern period Anti-piracy Sea lanes