went on a rampage of systematic killing, eliminating all remaining Jewish villages in the region and seeking out the refugees. Legio III Cyrenaica was the main force to execute this last phase of the campaign. Historians disagree on the duration of the Roman campaign following the fall of Betar. While some claim further resistance was broken quickly, others argue that pockets of Jewish rebels continued to hide with their families into the winter months of late 135 and possibly even spring 136. By early 136 however, it is clear that the revolt was defeated. Aftermath Jewish casualties and the destruction of Judean countryside Modern historians view the Bar Kokhba Revolt as having decisive historic importance. They note that, unlike in the aftermath of the First Jewish–Roman War, the Jewish population of Judea was devastated after the revolt, with many Jews being killed, exiled, or sold into slavery. Jewish religious and political authority was suppressed far more brutally than before. In his account of the revolt, Roman historian Cassius Dio (–235) wrote that:In 1981, Schäfer suggested that Dio exaggerated his numbers. On the other hand, in 2003 Cotton considered Dio's figures highly plausible, in light of accurate Roman census declarations. The ethno-archaeological comparison analysis by Dvir Raviv and Chaim Ben David, published in 2021, asserts of sufficient accuracy in Dio's depopulation claims as a "reliable account, which he based on contemporaneous documentation". As of today, no village in the region of Judea whose remains have been excavated so far has not been destroyed in the revolt. Some scholars describe the destruction of the Jewish communities in Judea as a genocide. Sources indicate that Jewish captives were sold into slavery and sent to various parts of the empire. A chronicle written in the 7th century CE, which was based on lost ancient sources, states that "Jewish captives were sold for the price of one ration of food for a horse." This number indicates that the slave market was flooded with new slaves. Captives who were not sold as slaves were deported to Gaza, Egypt and elsewhere, greatly adding to the Jewish diaspora. Rabbinic Judaism had already become a portable religion, centered on synagogues. Jewish presence in the region significantly dwindled after the failure of the Bar Kokhba revolt and the expulsion of Jews from the area of Jerusalem. According to Klein, the Roman authorities replaced the Jews with a population from the