claim that Howard did not intend for the amendment to apply to children born in the U.S. of foreign parents. In response, Ho and Wydra argued that a close reading of Howard's statement reveals that he meant one class of persons, the children of ambassadors at posts in the United States at the time their children were born because ambassadors to the U.S. would be foreigners, and since they were not permanent residents, they were aliens. In their view, Howard was describing one class, not three—the children born of ambassadors and foreigners and aliens. Death and burial Howard died in Detroit on April 2, 1871, soon after his final Senate term expired. According to published accounts, he overexerted himself while helping take down a tree on the property line between his house and his neighbor's, and burst a blood vessel in his brain, which caused his death two days later. He was buried at Elmwood Cemetery in Detroit. Family In 1835, Howard married Catherine Amelia Shaw (1810–1866) of Ware, Massachusetts. They were the parents of seven children: Edward Wellington, who died at age 3; Catherine Amelia, died at age 5; Mary Elizabeth, the wife of Dr. Joseph S. Hildreth; Colonel Jacob Merritt Jr., a Union Army veteran and businessman in Litchfield, Minnesota; Hamilton Gay, a lawyer in San Francisco; Charles Millington, a mining engineer in Salt Lake City; and Jennie, the wife of Samuel Brady, a grandson of Hugh Brady. Honors In 1866, Howard received the honorary degree of LL.D. from Williams College. In 1954, a historic marker commemorating Howard's career was placed on the lawn of the Baptist church in Shaftsbury, which later became the home of the Shaftsbury Historical Society. References External links Jacob M. Howard at The Political Graveyard Speech introducing the Fourteenth Amendment in the U.S. Senate Howard's handwritten draft of speech to the Senate introducing the Fourteenth Amendment, via TIFIS.org. Congressional Globe, 39th Congress, 1st Session, Senate, 2764‐68 (May 23, 1866). "Reconstruction: The Debate in the Senate", Boston Daily Advertiser (May 24, 1866) via TIFIS.org. "Senator Howard’s Speech", Philadelphia Inquirer (May 24, 1866), via TIFIS.org. 1805 births 1871 deaths People from Shaftsbury, Vermont Republican Party members of the Michigan House of Representatives Michigan Attorneys General Michigan lawyers Williams College alumni Burials at Elmwood Cemetery (Detroit) People of Michigan in the American Civil War Union (American Civil War) political leaders Slavery in the United States Republican