is to be paid by all non-Muslims living in a Muslim state, excluding the weak and the poor, to the general welfare of the state. Also, in his book "Al-Kharaj," Abu Yusuf says, "No is due on females or young infants." In exchange for the tax, the non-Muslims are required to be given security, provided compensation from the Muslim Exchequer when they are in need, treated on equality with Muslims, and enjoy rights as nationals of the state. Al-Balathiri comments on this saying, "Khaled Ibn Al-Walid, on entering Damascus as a conqueror, offered a guarantee of security to its people and their properties and churches, and promised that the wall of the city would not be pulled down, and none of their houses be demolished. It was a guarantee of God, he said, and of the Caliph and all believers to keep them safe and secure on condition they paid the dues of the ." This poll tax is different from the alms tax () paid by the Muslim subjects of a Muslim state. Whereas is compulsory and paid by the tolerated community per head count, was paid only if one can afford it. Muslims and non-Muslims who hold property, especially land, were required however to pay . Territorial disputes One of the open issues in the relation between Islamic states and non-Islamic states is the claim from hardline Muslims that once a certain land, state or territory has been under "Muslim" rule, it can never be relinquished anymore, and that such rule, somewhere in history would give the Muslims a kind of an eternal right on the claimed territory. This claim is particularly controversial with regard to Israel and to a lesser degree Spain and parts of the Balkan and it applies to parts of Kashmir as well. Islamic views on religious pluralism Reference to Islamic views on religious pluralism is found in the Quran. The following verses are generally interpreted as an evidence of religious pluralism: Surah Al-Ma'idah verse 48 states: Surah Al-Ankabut verse 46 states: The Quran criticizes Christians and Jews who believed that their own religions are the only source of truth: Surah Al-Baqara verse 113 states: Many Muslims agree that cooperation with the Christian and Jewish community is important but some Muslims believe that theological debate is often unnecessary: Islam's fundamental theological concept is the belief in one God. Muslims are not expected to visualize