on the previously used Hanafi systems in sharia-influenced courts. In the Ottoman Empire, a Kadiluk – the district covered by a kadı – was an administrative subdivision, smaller than a Sanjak. Expansion of the use of qadis As the Empire expanded, so did the legal complexities that were built into the system of administration carried over and were enhanced by the conditions of frontier expansion. In particular, the Islamic empire adapted legal devices to deal with the existence of large populations of non-Muslims, a persistent feature of empire despite incentives for conversion and in part because of institutional protections for communal legal forums. These aspects of the Islamic legal order would have been quite familiar to travelers from other parts of the world. Indeed, Jewish, Armenian, and Christian traders found institutional continuity across Islamic and Western regions, negotiating for and adopting strategies to enhance this resemblance. See also Ibn Battuta Cadilesker Islamic law Kadiluk, Ottoman administrative unit ruled by a Kadi List of Islamic terms in Arabic Tel el-Qadi, ("Mound of the Judge"), Arabic name of Tel Dan, Israel Thumal the Qahraman Qadiyat Kadhi courts, special for civil law matters among Muslims in Kenya References Sources Bekir Kemal Ataman, "Ottoman Kadi Registers as a Source of Social History". Unpublished M.A. Thesis. University of London, University College London, School of Library, Archive and Information Studies. 1987. Özhan Öztürk (2005). Karadeniz (Black Sea): Ansiklopedik Sözlük. 2 Cilt. Heyamola Yayıncılık. İstanbul. Further reading Schacht, Joseph. An Introduction to Islamic Law. Oxford, 1964. Tillier, Mathieu. Les cadis d'Iraq et l'Etat abbasside (132/750-334/945). Damascus, 2009. Read online: https://web.archive.org/web/20130202072807/http://ifpo.revues.org/673 Tillier, Mathieu. L’invention du cadi. La justice des musulmans, des juifs et des chrétiens aux premiers siècles de l’Islam. Paris, 2017. Al-Kindî. Histoire des cadis égyptiens (Akhbâr qudât Misr). Introduction, translation and notes by Mathieu Tillier. Cairo, 2012. Tillier, Mathieu. Vies des cadis de Misr (257/851-366/976). Extrait du Raf' al-isr 'an qudât Misr d'Ibn Hagar al-'Asqalânî. Cairo, 2002. Tyan, Emile. "Judicial Organization". In Law in the Middle East, vol. 1, edited by Majid Khadduri and Herbert J. Liebesny, pp. 236–278. Washington, D. C., 1955. Tyan, Emile. Histoire de l'organisation judiciaire en pays d'Islam. 2d ed. Leiden, 1960. External links The Muslim Marriage and Divorce Act of Sri Lanka, LawNet, Government of Sri Lanka. LawNet – Sri Lanka's Legal Information Network Gubernatorial titles Arabic honorifics Islamic honorifics Arabic words and phrases in Sharia Sri Lankan tribunals