engineering team, the new V8 engine in the Town Car compared favorably to its pushrod-based predecessor. In spite of having a smaller displacement, the 4.6L Modular V8 could generate more power than the Town Car's previous 5.0L V8 and could launch the car 1.5 seconds quicker, all while delivering better fuel efficiency. Accompanying these performance advantages, the engine was also lighter than the older 5.0L V8. Following the Modular V8's debut in the Town Car, engines using the Modular architecture would go on to replace older V8 designs in Ford products, eventually becoming Ford's chief gasoline V8 (and V10) architecture. 4.6 L The displacement 90-degree V8 has been offered in 2-valve SOHC, 3-valve SOHC, and 4-valve DOHC versions. The engines were also offered with both aluminum and cast iron blocks, depending on application. The 4.6 L's bore and stroke are nearly square at , respectively. Deck height for the 4.6 block is and connecting rod length is center to center, giving the 4.6 L a 1.67:1 rod to stroke ratio. Cylinder bore spacing measures , which is common to all members of the Modular engine family. All Modular V8s, except for the new 5.0 L Coyote, utilize the same firing order as the Ford 5.0 L HO and 351 CID V8s (1-3-7-2-6-5-4-8). The 4.6 L engines have been assembled at Romeo Engine Plant in Michigan, and at Windsor Engine Plant and Essex Engine Plant, both located in Windsor, Ontario. The final 4.6 L engine was produced in May 2014. The engine was a 2-valve version and installed in a 2014 model year Ford E-Series van. 2-valve The first production Modular engine was the 4.6 L 2-valve SOHC V8 introduced in the 1991 Lincoln Town Car. The 4.6 L 2V has been built at both Romeo Engine Plant and Windsor Engine Plant, and the plants have different designs for cylinder heads (cam caps: interconnected cam "cages" vs. individual caps per cam journal), camshaft sprockets (bolt-on vs. press-on), valve covers (11 bolts vs. 13 bolts), crankshaft (6 bolts vs. 8 bolts) and main bearing caps (2 bolt fasteners with 2 jackscrews vs. 2 bolt fasteners with dowel pins). Vehicles equipped with the 16-valve SOHC 4.6 L include the following: 3-valve The 3-valve SOHC 4.6 L with variable camshaft timing (VCT) first appeared in the redesigned 2005 Ford Mustang. The engines are equipped with an electronic Charge Motion Control Valve (CMCV) system that