qualitative, sometimes innovative and usually legislative, and as the unstressed a- prefix, called alpha privative, is also the schwa or before stems that begin with consonants, e.g. apolitical, asymmetric or asymmetry, asymptomatic, atypical, etc. The phoneme may be merged or replaced by the longer for some speakers. The words peel and pill might sound the same. The may be enunciated as an (color or even tomorrow, sorry, sorrow, etc. like in Canada) or an (not). The u sound from the digraph qu may be dropped before e and i in some words such as tranquilize(r) and colloquial. The in namely couple and double may also be enunciated as an or, rarely, as an . The in namely culture and ultimate is sometimes enunciated as an , partly similar to accents in England, Ireland and Wales without the foot–strut split. Emphasis Distinct non-native emphasis or stress is common. For example, the words ceremony and Arabic are emphasized on the second syllable (as and respectively) as another result of indirect Spanish influence. Additionally, words ending in -ary such as beneficiary, complementary, elementary, judiciary and supplementary are treated as paroxytones or stressed on the /a/, rather than as proparoxytones or the preceding syllable, a hyperforeignism from the Spanish-derived -aria/-arya and -ario/-aryo. Pronunciation Many Filipinos often have distinct non-native English pronunciation, and many fall under different lectal variations (i.e. basilectal, mesolectal, acrolectal). Some Philippine languages (e.g. Ibanag, Itawis, Surigaonon, Tausug) feature certain unique phonemes such as , , , and , which are also present in English. However, Filipinos' first languages have generally different phonological repertoires (if not more simplified compared to English), and this leads to mis- or distinct pronunciations particularly among basilectal and to some extent mesolectal speakers. See also International English English as a second or foreign language Formal written English List of dialects of the English language List of English words of Philippine origin Regional accents of English speakers Spanglish Special English Philippine literature in English List of loanwords in Tagalog Coño English, English-Tagalog code-switching based on English Taglish, Tagalog-English codeswitching based on Tagalog Hokaglish, Hokkien-Tagalog-English contact language in the Philippines References Further reading Acar, A. "Models, Norms and Goals for English as an International Language Pedagogy and Task Based Language Teaching and Learning.", The Asian EFL Journal, Volume 8. Issue 3, Article 9, (2006). Manarpaac, Danilo. "When I was a child I spoke as a child": Reflecting on the