of Reform Judaism Samson Raphael Hirsch, intellectual founder of the Torah im Derech Eretz school of contemporary Orthodox Judaism Immanuel Jakobovits, Chief Rabbi of Great Britain Elijah Loans, rabbi of Fulda, Hanau, Friedberg, and Worms Seligmann Meyer, rabbi of Regensburg Leopold Zunz (10 August 1794 – 17 March 1886), founder of academic Jewish studies Reform Levi Herzfeld, 19th-century proponent of moderate reform Other Ridley Haim Herschell, missionary Joseph Wolff, missionary Scientific figures Natural scientists Adolf von Baeyer, industrial chemist, Nobel Prize (1905) (Jewish mother) Norbert Berkowitz, physicist Hans Bethe, nuclear physics, Nobel Prize (1967) (Jewish mother) Sir Walter Bodmer, medical researcher Max Born, quantum mechanics, Nobel Prize (1954) (converted to Christianity) Heinrich Caro, industrial chemist Nikodem Caro, industrial chemist Albert Einstein, theoretical physics, Nobel Prize (1921) Erwin Finlay-Freundlich, astronomer James Franck, quantum physics, Nobel Prize (1925) Adolph Frank, industrial chemist Herbert Fröhlich, physicist Eugen Glueckauf, chemist, expert on atomic energy Hans Goldschmidt, industrial chemist Fritz Haber, developed the Haber process, Nobel Prize (1918) Walter Heitler, chemist Arthur Korn, physicist Ernst Ising, statistical mechanics Albert Ladenburg, chemist Fritz London, quantum mechanics Leonard Mandel, quantum optics Kurt Mendelssohn, German-born British medical physicist Viktor Meyer, organic chemist (converted to Christianity) Leonor Michaelis, biochemist Albert A. Michelson, measured speed of light, Nobel Prize (1907) (Jewish father) Ludwig Mond, chemist and industrialist Sir Rudolf Peierls, solid state theory Arno Penzias, co-discoverer of CMB, Nobel Prize (1978) Alfred Philippson, geologist John Charles Polanyi, chemist, Nobel Prize (born Berlin) Ernst Pringsheim, spectrometry, black-body radiation Michael Rossmann, physicist and microbiologist (Jewish mother) Rudolf Schoenheimer, biochemist Arthur Schuster, spectroscopist Karl Schwarzschild, physicist and astronomer (converted to Christianity) Franz Simon, physicist, separation of Uranium 235 Jack Steinberger, particle physics, Nobel Prize (1988) Otto Stern, experimental physicist, Nobel Prize (1943) Moritz Traube, biochemist Wilhelm Traube, chemist, caffeine/purine synthesis Otto Wallach, chemist, Nobel Prize (1910) (converted to Christianity) Richard Willstätter, chemist, Nobel Prize (1915) Physicians and medical researchers Adolph Baginsky, pediatrician, diphtheria researcher Alfred Bielschowsky, ophthalmologist Max Bielschowsky, neuropathologist Konrad Bloch, biochemist, Nobel Prize (1964) Marcus Elieser Bloch, physician Gustav Born, professor of pharmacology Edith Bulbring, professor of pharmacy (Jewish mother) Sir Ernst Chain, developed penicillin, Nobel Prize (1945) Ferdinand Cohn, pioneer in microbiology Julius Friedrich Cohnheim, pathologist Paul Ehrlich, developed magic bullet concept, Nobel Prize (1908) Arthur Eichengrün, possible inventor of aspirin Wilhelm Feldberg, biologist Heinz Fraenkel-Conrat, biochemist Hermann Friedberg, physician Salome Gluecksohn-Waelsch, geneticist Ernst Gräfenberg, obstetrician, the intrauterine device, the