by the German variety of neoclassicism that he became known as the "Chilean Hindemith". In Cuba, José Ardévol initiated a neoclassical school, though he himself moved on to a modernistic national style later in his career. Even the atonal school, represented for example by Arnold Schoenberg, showed the influence of neoclassical ideas. After his early style of 'Late Romanticism' (exemplified by his string sextet Verklärte Nacht) had been supplanted by his Atonal period, and immediately before he embraced twelve-tone serialism, the forms of Schoenberg's works after 1920, beginning with opp. 23, 24, and 25 (all composed at the same time), have been described as "openly neoclassical", and represent an effort to integrate the advances of 1908 to 1913 with the inheritance of the 18th and 19th centuries. Schoenberg attempted in those works to offer listeners structural points of reference with which they could identify, beginning with the Serenade, op. 24, and the Suite for piano, op. 25. Schoenberg's pupil Alban Berg actually came to neoclassicism before his teacher, in his Three Pieces for Orchestra, op. 6 (1913–14), and the opera Wozzeck, which uses closed forms such as suite, passacaglia, and rondo as organizing principles within each scene. Anton Webern also achieved a sort of neoclassical style through an intense concentration on the motif. However, his 1935 orchestration of the six-part ricercar from Bach's Musical Offering is not regarded as neoclassical because of its concentration on the fragmentation of instrumental colours. Other neoclassical composers Some composers below may have only written music in a neoclassical style during a portion of their careers. Arthur Berger (1912–2003) Carlos Chávez (1899–1978) Salvador Contreras (1910–1982) Pierre Gabaye (1930-2019) Harald Genzmer (1909–2007) Giorgio Federico Ghedini (1892–1965) Vagn Holmboe (1909–1996) Stefan Kisielewski (1911–1991) Iša Krejčí (1904–1968) Ernst Krenek (1900–1991) Marcel Mihalovici (1898–1985) Giorgio Pacchioni (b. 1947) Goffredo Petrassi (1904–2003) Gabriel Pierné (1863–1937) Maurice Ravel (1875–1937) Knudåge Riisager (1897–1974) Albert Roussel (1869–1937) Alexandre Tansman (1897–1986) Michael Tippett (1905–1998) Dag Wirén (1905–1986) See also Neoromanticism Neotonality Sources Reprinted in Essential Cowell: Selected Writings on Music by Henry Cowell 1921–1964, edited by Richard Carter Higgins and Bruce McPherson, preface by Kyle Gann, pp. 299–303. Kingston, New York City: Documentext, 2002. . Footnotes Further reading . Interwar period 20th-century classical music