average of 0.82%, (maximum 1%) opened in December 1988. References Pierre Berton The Last Spike McCelland and Stewart Ltd. 1971 Toronto/Montreal 0-7710-1327-2 W.Kaye Lamb History of the Canadian Pacific Railway Collier MacMillan Canada Ltd. 1977 Omer Lavalee Van Horne's Road Railfare Enterprises Ltd. 1974 Library of Congress Number 73-86285 Robert D. Turner West of the Great Divide Sono Nis Press 1987 Victoria BC Floyd Yates Canadian Pacific's Big Hill BRMNA Calgary, Alberta 1985 History of British Columbia Canadian Pacific Railway facilities Rail infrastructure in British Columbia