social and behavioral scientists, Lang's challenge was successful, and Huntington was twice rejected for Academy membership. Huntington's supporters argued that Lang's opposition was political rather than scientific in nature. Lang's detailed description of these events, "Academia, Journalism, and Politics: A Case Study: The Huntington Case", occupies the first 222 pages of his 1998 book Challenges. Lang kept his political correspondence and related documentation in extensive "files". He would send letters or publish articles, wait for responses, engage the writers in further correspondence, collect all these writings together and point out what he considered contradictions. He often mailed these files to mathematicians and other interested parties throughout the world. Some of the files were published in his books Challenges and The File : Case Study in Correction (1977-1979). His extensive file criticizing Nobel laureate David Baltimore was published in the journal Ethics and Behaviour in January 1993 and in his book Challenges. Lang fought the decision by Yale University to hire Daniel Kevles, a historian of science, because Lang disagreed with Kevles' analysis in The Baltimore Case. Lang's most controversial political stance was as an HIV/AIDS denialist. He maintained that the prevailing scientific consensus that HIV causes AIDS had not been backed up by reliable scientific research, yet for political and commercial reasons further research questioning the current point of view was suppressed. In public he was very outspoken about this point and a portion of Challenges is devoted to this issue. List of books Pregraduate-level textbooks Graduate-level textbooks Other References Sources and further reading Steele Prize citation and Lang's acceptance (AMS Notices, April 1999) External links Obituary from the New York Times Lang's obituary article in the Yale Daily News People from Saint-Germain-en-Laye 1927 births 2005 deaths 20th-century American mathematicians 21st-century American mathematicians Nicolas Bourbaki Number theorists Princeton University alumni University of Chicago faculty Columbia University faculty Yale University faculty California Institute of Technology alumni HIV/AIDS denialists American anti–Vietnam War activists French emigrants to the United States Institute for Advanced Study visiting scholars Textbook writers Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences