The paradisaical narrative of man and woman in Genesis establishes a foundation of marriage: This doctrine is repeated in the Gospel by Jesus, but with the added conclusion "so then they are no longer two, but one flesh." The same doctrine is continued in the Epistles in the writings of the Apostle Paul. It is further explicated by the Apostle Paul, who asserts that neither spouse should deny their partner sex: On the standing of each party to determine how this biblical principle—denial of conjugal relations—was to be effected was codified as an ecclesiastical canon in 280 A.D. by St. Dionysian of Alexandria: "Persons who are self-sufficient and married ought to be judges of themselves." The canon was given ecumenical application by the Sixth Ecumenical Council in 691 A.D. Ecclesiastical canons continued to adjudicate marital issues well into the modern era until all but entirely superseded by the civil courts. The Christian religion teaches that pre-marital sex is fornication, and sexual relations by a married person with someone other than their spouse is adultery, both of which are sins, while sex within marriage is a duty. This concept of 'conjugal sexual rights' has the purpose to prevent sin (in the form of adultery and temptation) as well as to enable procreation. The above is interpreted by some religious figures as to render marital rape an impossibility. However, not all religious figures hold this view. Further, Pentecostal Christianity prescribes gender expectations for married individuals that "…reestablish a patriarchal bargain…" in which "…women acquiesce to men's authority in return for certain kinds of support". Husbands are expected to provide for the family, and in return, wives are to submit to their husband's authority. Ultimately, this "…strengthens some of the gender dynamics that make intimate partner violence possible in the first place". By contrast, Pope Paul VI in his 1968 encyclical letter Humanae vitae wrote that "Men rightly observe that a conjugal act imposed on one's partner without regard to his or her condition or personal and reasonable wishes in the matter, is no true act of love, and therefore offends the moral order in its particular application to the intimate relationship of husband and wife." This teaching, which has been reaffirmed more recently by Pope Francis, and has been interpreted by Bertrand de Margerie to condemn "intra-marital rape", and the use of force in marriage more generally. Islam Gender expectations Another sustaining