branch of YWCA had however taken up the challenge, starting several scouting groups for girls. On 3rd of November 1920, a number of these groups formed the Norwegian YWCA-scouts (Norges KFUK-speidere). The association's oldest squad, Trondheim 1 had been established back in 1915 in Trondheim. Girl scouting groups had however emerged in Norway in connection to the established boy-scout groups, well before the initiative by the Queen. An article on boy scouting in Stavanger Aftenblad from back in 1910 stated that scout work has already spread to the girls. These independent girl scouting groups eventually merged into the Norwegian girl scouts association (Norsk Speiderpikeforbund). The official foundation date was set to 1st of July 1921. Later development In 1922, the Norwegian scouting associations gained recognition by the World Bureau in 1922, as a founding member of the World Organization of the Scout Movement. Several religious associations like the YMCA, Methodist Church and Salvation Army started their own scouting groups. During the Second World War Norway was occupied, and with their international ties and obvious militarily useful skills, the collaborator government fared the scouts could become a center for resistance work. All forms of scouting were banned in September 1941. The funds, equipment, banners and even uniform details were to be turned over to authorities. Scout leaders spirited away what they could, but many groups lost much of their equipment and funds. The youth wing of collaborator political party Nasjonal Samling was the only allowed scout-like activity allowed. After the war, scouting was quickly taken up again. The 14th World Scout Jamboree in 1975 took place in Norway. On April 23 1978 unit Norsk Speidergutt-Forbund (NSF) og Norsk Speiderpikeforbund (NSPF) merged to form the Norges speiderforbund (NSF) for both girls and boys, while the YMCA/YWCA, Methodist and Salvation Army groups elected to remain separate, though they often participate and cooperate with the NSF-groups and participate in their jamborees. In 1985, Dr. Gisle Johnson was awarded the Bronze Wolf, the only distinction of the World Organization of the Scout Movement, awarded by the World Scout Committee for exceptional services to world Scouting. Adjusting the religious aspect In its original form, Christianity was a central pillar of scouting. Both the Scout law and Scout pledge reflect this. All members organizations of the World Organization of the Scout Movement are required to have a spiritual aspect. As the association viewed itself as a Christian