be disingenuous in its control or goals or if it attempts to mask extremist views within a supposedly more moderate group. Some special interest groups engage in astroturfing, an attempt to mask lobbying as a grassroots movement. Apartheid government fronts South Africa's apartheid-era government used numerous front organizations to influence world opinion and to undertake extra-judicial activities and the killing of anti-apartheid activists; these included the following: The Citizen – funded secretly by the government and was intended to challenge the liberal Rand Daily Mail, contributing to the political ruin of John Vorster and Connie Mulder Civil Cooperation Bureau (CCB) – a covert, special forces organization that harassed, seriously injured, and eliminated anti-apartheid activists Federal Independent Democratic Alliance (FIDA) – a conservative black group. International Freedom Foundation – Washington-based mechanism to combat sanctions and support Jonas Savimbi and UNITA Jeugkrag – or Youth for South Africa, led by Marthinus van Schalkwyk as a short-lived Afrikaner youth group, surreptitiously funded by the Military Intelligence's Project Essay National Student Federation (NSF) – led by Russell Crystal, intended to challenge NUSAS Roodeplaat Research Laboratories – Led by Daan Goosen, the main research facility of Project Coast Taussig Familienstiftung, or Taussig Family Trust - a Liechtenstein conduit for secret government transactions Veterans for Victory – consisting of national servicemen, a countermeasure to the End Conscription Campaign, which was allied to the United Democratic Front (UDF) Communist fronts Communist parties (especially Marxist-Leninist ones) have sometimes used front organizations to attract support from those (sometimes called "fellow travellers") who do not fully agree with the party's ideology but agree with certain aspects of it. The front organization often obscures its provenance and may often be a tool for recruitment. Other Marxists often describe front organizations as opportunist. The concept of a front organization should be distinguished from the united front (a coalition of working class or socialist parties) and the popular front. Both the united front and the popular front usually disclose the groups that make up their coalitions. United States According to a list prepared in 1955 by the United States Senate Internal Security Subcommittee, the Comintern set up no less than 82 front organizations in the United States in the 1930s and the 1940s. Soviet intelligence infiltrated many peace movements in the West. In addition to the World Peace Council, important communist front organizations included the World Federation of Trade Unions, the World Federation