The Italian Democratic Socialists (, SDI) were a social-democratic political party in Italy. The party was the direct continuation of the Italian Socialists, the legal successor of the historical Italian Socialist Party. The Italian Democratic Socialist Party, the other long-time Italian social-democratic party, was merged into it along with other minor parties. The party's long-time leader was Enrico Boselli, a former president of Emilia-Romagna (1990–1993). In 2007, the SDI were merged with other descendants of the PSI to form the modern-day Italian Socialist Party. History Early years The SDI were founded in 1998 by the merger of the Italian Socialists (Enrico Boselli, Roberto Villetti, and Ottaviano Del Turco), the Italian Democratic Socialist Party (Gian Franco Schietroma, and Giorgio Carta), a portion of the Labour Federation, a portion of the Socialist Party (Ugo Intini), and the Socialist League (Claudio Martelli and Bobo Craxi). In their first appearance on the national stage, the 1999 European Parliament election in Italy, the SDI won 2.2% of the votes and two MEPs. In December 1999, the SDI formed a short-lived centrist alliance (The Clover) with the Union for the Republic and Italian Republican Party, which was responsible for the fall of the D'Alema I Cabinet in December 1999. The SDI re-entered The Olive Tree of the centre-left coalition and in 2000 they were originally touted for inclusion in the Democracy is Freedom – The Daisy joint list, before being rejected by the Christian-inspired parties of the alliance, notably including the Italian People's Party. For the 2001 Italian general election, the SDI formed an unusual alliance (The Sunflower) with the Federation of the Greens, which was disbanded soon after the election due to political divergences and ultimately to the disappointing electoral result: 2.2% of the vote, while the two parties' combined result in 1999 had been 4.0%. In the 2004 European Parliament election in Italy, two SDI MEPs were elected on the United in the Olive Tree ticket. The Rose in the Fist In 2001, Claudio Martelli and Bobo Craxi left the party to form, along with Gianni De Michelis, the New Italian Socialist Party (NPSI), which joined the House of Freedoms of the centre-right coalition, while in 2004 Giorgio Carta left to re-establish the Italian Democratic Socialist Party. In 2005, the SDI entered in alliance with the Italian Radicals, forming the Rose in the Fist (RnP) electoral list. In 2006, the Socialist Unity of Claudio