†Subchilotherium Tribe Teleoceratini †Aprotodon 28.4–5.330 Ma †Brachydiceratherium †Brachypotherium 20.0–5.33 Ma †Diaceratherium 28.4–16.0 Ma †Prosantorhinus 16.9–7.25 Ma †Shennongtherium †Teleoceras 16.9–4.9 Ma Rhinocerotina Burdigalian–Present Tribe Rhinocerotini 40.4–11.1 Ma–Present †Gaindatherium 11.6–11.1 Ma Subtribe Rhinocerotina 17.5 Ma–Present †Nesorhinus .70 Ma †Rusingaceros 17.5 Ma Rhinoceros – Indian & Javan rhinoceros Tribe Dicerorhinini †Coelodonta – Woolly rhinoceros Dicerorhinus – Sumatran rhinoceros †Dihoplus 11.610–1.810 Ma †Lartetotherium 15.97–8.7 Ma †Stephanorhinus 9.7–0.04 Ma – Merck's rhinoceros & Narrow-nosed rhinoceros Tribe Dicerotini 23.0–Present Ceratotherium – White rhinoceros 7.25–Present Diceros – Black rhinoceros 23.0–Present †Paradiceros 15.97–11.61 Ma Rhinocerotinae incertae sedis †Protaceratherium Subfamily Elasmotheriinae †Gulfoceras 23.03–20.43 Ma †Victoriaceros 15 Ma Tribe Diceratheriini †Diceratherium 33.9–11.6 Ma †Penetrigonias †Subhyracodon 38.0–26.3 Ma †Trigonias 37-34 Ma Tribe Elasmotheriini 20.0–0.1 Ma †Bugtirhinus 20.0–16.9 Ma †Caementodon †Elasmotherium – Giant rhinoceros 3.6–0.039 Ma †Hispanotherium synonymized with Huaqingtherium 16.0–7.25 Ma †Iranotherium †Kenyatherium †Meninatherium †Menoceras 23.03–16.3 Ma †Ningxiatherium †Ougandatherium 20.0–16.9 Ma †Parelasmotherium †Procoelodonta †Sinotherium 9.0–5.3 Ma Predators, poaching and hunting Adult rhinoceros have no real predators in the wild, other than humans. Young rhinos sometimes fall prey to big cats, crocodiles, African wild dogs, and hyenas. Although rhinos are large and aggressive and have a reputation for being resilient, they are very easily poached; they visit water holes daily and can be easily killed while they drink. As of December 2009, poaching increased globally while efforts to protect the rhino are considered increasingly ineffective. The most serious estimate, that only 3% of poachers are successfully countered, is reported of Zimbabwe, while Nepal has largely avoided the crisis. Poachers have become more sophisticated. South African officials have called for urgent action against poaching after poachers killed the last female rhino in the Krugersdorp Game Reserve near Johannesburg. Statistics from South African National Parks show that 333 rhinoceros were killed in South Africa in 2010, increasing to 668 by 2012, over 1,004 in 2013, and over 1,338 killed in 2015. In some cases rhinos are drugged and their horns removed, while in other instances more than the horn is taken. The Namibian government has supported the practice of rhino trophy hunting as a way to raise money for conservation. Hunting licenses for five Namibian Black rhinos are auctioned annually, with the money going to the government's Game Products Trust Fund. Some conservationists and members of the public oppose or question this practice. Horn use Rhinoceros horns develop from subcutaneous tissues, and are made of keratinous mineralized compartments. The horns root in a germinative