ablaut of - "person". *- was created by analogy with the pet-name suffix -, the only masculine suffix in the language, so that pet names and the gender suffixes would be symmetrical: An element common to all such proposals is that the gender-changing nouns are to be reanalyzed as gender neutral when they occur without a gender suffix, as the names of professions and nationalities came to be treated in the mid twentieth century, such as "policeman" → "police officer" and "Englishman" → "English person". This doesn't affect all words: Nouns that never changed gender to begin with, such as "bull", do not take gender suffixes in these reforms either. The resulting paradigms are as follows: The most common objection to the proposal is the very analysis of words such as "patro" as gender neutral. The reason behind the objection is that the specifically masculine words are defined as such in the Fundamento, and it is felt that reanalyzing them as gender neutral violates the Fundamento. One proposed solution to this problem is to introduce new root words for the gender neutral concepts: parent, sibling, grandparent, grandchild, etc. As an example, the currently neologistic root word (parent) can accept both to denote father and to denote mother. Though none of these are widespread, has appeared in books published by Jorge Camacho and Luiz Portella. Proponents of one proposal often claim that a competing proposal is confusing because it resembles an existing suffix, for example that "father" resembles pejorative "a bad father", or that "father" resembles "mother", but there does not seem to be a problem in actual use: With the word stress on the suffix vowel, and are as distinct as many other pairs of Esperanto suffixes, such as . One specific objection to the proposal is that "grandson" is homophonous with , being Esperanto slang for "pussy"; on the other hand, would mean not just "a male" but also "the UN". Epicene prefixes Various epicene affixes have also been proposed. They may be proposed instead of a masculine suffix—that is, gender derivation remains as in standard Esperanto, but the language gains a simple way of saying "a parent"—or in addition to a masculine suffix, often to avoid confusion between people speaking reformed and standard Esperanto. The only such affix commonly seen is the prefix . In standard Esperanto, means both sexes together, and is normally only seen in the