AGU Advances, Earth’s Future, Earth and Space Science, GeoHealth, JAMES, and Space Weather. The remainder are delayed open access journals, having free access after a two-year rolling period. The AGU hosts a number of blogs, collectively known as the AGU Blogosphere, informally publishing frequent updates on the Earth and space sciences. Texaco copyright case AGU publications are copyrighted, but in the United States many exceptions to the exclusive rights of copyright are allowed under the fair use provision, part of the Copyright Act of 1976. Making copies of publications are allowed for such uses as teaching and research as long as a set of four criteria are met. However, when Texaco's corporate library made systematic copies of journal articles for its collection, AGU and five other publishers took Texaco to court. The judges found for AGU. Texaco was fined and agreed to retroactively purchase a license from the Copyright Clearance Center. Executive Presidents The presidents of the AGU have been: William Bowie (1920–1922) Louis Agricola Bauer (1922–1924) Harry Fielding Reid (1924–1926) Henry S. Washington (1926–1928) William Bowie (1929–1932) William Jackson Humphreys (1932–1935) Nicholas H. Heck (1935–1938) Richard M. Field (1938–1941) Walter C. Lowdermilk (1941–1944) Leason H. Adams (1944–1947) Oscar Edward Meinzer (1947–1948) Walter Hermann Bucher (1948–1953) James B. Macelwane (1953–1956) Maurice Ewing (1956–1959) Lloyd V. Berkner (1959–1961) Thomas F. Malone (1961–1964) George P. Woollard (1964–1966) William C. Ackermann (1966–1968) Helmut Landsberg (1968–1970) Homer E. Newell, Jr. (1970–1972) Philip H. Abelson (1972–1974) Frank Press (1974–1976) Arthur E. Maxwell (1976–1978) Allan V. Cox (1978–1980) John T. Wilson (1980–1982) James Van Allen (1982–1984) Charles L. Drake (1984–1986) Peter S. Eagleson (1986–1988) Don L. Anderson (1988–1990) Brent Dalrymple (1990–1992) Ralph J. Cicerone (1992–1994) Marcia Neugebauer (1994–1996) Sean Solomon (1996–1998) John A. Knauss (1998–2000) Marcia McNutt (2000–2002) Robert E. Dickenson (2002–2004) John A. Orcutt (2004–2006) Tim Killeen (2006–2008) Tim Grove (2008–2010) Michael McPhaden (2010–2013) Carol Finn (2013–2014) Margaret Leinen (2015–2017) Eric A. Davidson (2017–2019) Robin Bell (2019–2021) Susan Lozier (2021–) Michael Brandon Jones (2023–) Executive directors While more than 40 presidents have provided scientific leadership for the AGU since 1919, operational leadership has been provided by just four individuals. The first was John Adam Fleming, who was elected Secretary in 1925 and changed the name of his position to General Secretary. He served as a volunteer while working at the Department of Terrestrial Magnetism at the Carnegie Institution. By 1943, with the membership nearing 2,000,