the company as a commissioning editor in the 1990s. Cultural studies editor William Germano served as vice-president and publishing director for two decades before becoming dean of the humanities at Cooper Union. Authors Routledge has published works from Adorno, Bohm, Butler, Derrida, Einstein, Foucault, Freud, Al Gore, Hayek, Jung, Levi-Strauss, McLuhan, Malinowski, Marcuse, Popper, Johan Rockström, Russell, Sartre, and Wittgenstein. The republished works of some of these authors have appeared as part of the Routledge Classics and Routledge Great Minds series. Competitors to the series are Verso Books' Radical Thinkers, Penguin Classics, and Oxford World's Classics. Publications Routledge has been criticised for a pricing structure which "will limit readership to the privileged few", as opposed to options for open access offered by DOAJ, Unpaywall, and DOAB. Reference works Taylor and Francis closed down the Routledge print encyclopaedia division in 2006. Some of its publications were: Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy, by Edward Craig (1998), in 10 volumes, but now online. Encyclopedia of Ethics, by Lawrence C. Becker and Charlotte B. Becker (2002), in three volumes. Reference works by Europa Publications, published by Routledge: Europa World Year Book International Who's Who Europa World of Learning Many of Routledge's reference works are published in print and electronic formats as Routledge Handbooks and have their own dedicated website: Routledge Handbooks Online. The company also publishes several online encyclopedias and collections of digital content such as Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Routledge Encyclopedia of Modernism, Routledge Performance Archive, and South Asia Archive. Book series The Broadway Travellers (1926–37) edited by Eileen Power and Edward Denison Ross. Colloquial Series of Multimedia Language Courses Essential Grammars (since 1999) Morley's Universal Library (also known as: Routledge's Universal Library) (1883–88) The Muses' Library (1904–1940; 1950–1980) established in 1891 by Lawrence & Bullen as a series of fine editions of poetry until L&B folded in 1900, Routledge revived the series in 1904 with reprints and new titles. Over the years parallel editions were published in the US by Charles Scribner’s Sons, E.P. Dutton and Harvard University Press The Republic of Letters Routledge's Railway Library (1848–99) were sold through W. H. Smith's bookstalls on railway platforms; in 50 years 1,277 books were published, most as pictorial hardbacks, with some bestsellers re-released as cheaper paperbacks. Authors included Edward Bulwer Lytton, James Fenimore Cooper, Jane Austen, Benjamin Disraeli, Henry Fielding, Frances Trollope, William Harrison Ainsworth, Alexandre Dumas, and Victor Hugo References Citations Sources External