restored the Sphinx as a result of a dream, on the promise of becoming a pharaoh. Greek Dream divination was a common feature of Greek and Roman religion and literature of all genres. Aristotle and Plato discuss dreams in various works. The only surviving Greco-Roman dreambook, the Oneirocritica, was written by Artemidorus. Artemidorus cites a large number of previous authors, all of whom are now lost. These include Artemidoros, Astrampsychos, Nikephoros, Germanos, and Manuel Palaiologos. In Book XIX of the Odyssey, Penelopē said that "dreams ... which issue forth from the gate of polished horn bring true issues to pass, when any mortal sees them." (Here, there may be a pun of /KRainō/ 'I fulfill' with /KeRas/ 'horn'.) Likewise, Herodotos distinguished /oneiros/ (or /enar/) as "the prophetic, God-sent dream" from /en-upnion/ "the non-predictive dream". In the scheme of Artemidoros, the "oneiros was subdivided into two great categories: ... allēgorikos, which corresponds to the Platonic theory of the predictive dream operating in the impure soul, and the ... theōrēmatikos, which is the dream represented in the pure state of the soul." Medieval oneirocritic literature Āstika The pertinent material is included in the several Purāṇa-s, such as the Liṅga Purāṇa. Arabic Here, dreams about specific numbers or about reading specific chapters of the Qurʼan are among the chief subjects of prognostication. The most renowned of the Arabic texts of oneiromancy is the Great Book of Interpretation of Dreams, a 15th-century compilation of earlier scholarship. European Achmet is an adaptation of an Arabic book to the tastes of a European readership. Derived from older literature, modern dream-books are still in common use in Europe and the United States, being commonly sold along with good-luck charms. Japanese Sei Shonagon refers to having her dreams interpreted in The Pillow Book. The Taiheiki, a 14th-century war chronicle, portrays Emperor Godaigo selecting Kusunoki Masashige as the leader of his forces based on a portentous dream. Other oneiromantic traditions The indigenous Chontal of the Mexican state of Oaxaca use Calea zacatechichi, a flowering plant, for oneiromancy by placing it under the pillow of the dreamer. Similarly, Entada rheedii is used in various African cultures. See also Oneirology Precognition Synchronicity Hatsuyume The Dreaming Notes References AMERICAN ORIENTAL SERIES, Vol. 89 = Noegel, Scott B.: Nocturnal Ciphers: the Allusive Language of Dreams in the Ancient Near East. New Haven, 2007. Oberhelman, Steven Michael: The Oneirocritic Literature of the Late Roman