The David and Elaine Spitz Prize is an award for a book in liberal and/or democratic theory. The Spitz Prize is awarded annually for the best book in the field published two years earlier. To be eligible, the book must be primarily theoretical rather than historical, and not a textbook or edited work. The prize is awarded by a panel of political scholars under the auspices of the International Conference for the Study of Political Thought (CSPT), "an international, interdisciplinary organization of scholars and informed citizens interested in preserving and encouraging a broad, humanistic style of thinking about politics." Winners of the David and Elaine Spitz Prize: 1988 – Joseph Raz for The Morality of Freedom 1989 – Richard E. Flathman for The Philosophy and Politics of Freedom 1990 – no award given 1991 – Robert A. Dahl for Democracy and Its Critics 1992 – Charles W. Anderson for Pragmatic Liberalism 1993 – William Galston for Liberal Purposes: Goods, Virtues, and Diversity in the Liberal State 1994 – George Kateb for The Inner Ocean: Individualism and Democratic 1995 – John Rawls for Political Liberalism 1996 – William E. Scheuerman for Between the Norm and the Exception: The Frankfurt School and the Rule of Law 1997 – Mark Kingwell for A Civil Tongue: Justice, Dialogue, and the Politics of Pluralism 1998 – John Dryzek for Democracy in Capitalist Times: Ideals, Limits, and Struggles 1999 – Richard Dagger for Civic Virtues: Rights, Citizenship, and Republican Liberalism 2000 – no award given 2001 – Thomas A. Spragens, Jr. for Civic Liberalism: Reflections on Our Democratic Ideals 2002 – no award given 2003 – Mark E. Warren for Democracy and Association 2004 – Nadia Urbinati for Mill on Democracy: From the Athenian Polis to Representative Government 2005 – Ira Katznelson for Desolation and Enlightenment: Political Knowledge After Total War, Totalitarianism, and the Holocaust 2006 – Sheldon S. Wolin for Politics and Vision: Continuity and Innovation in Western Political Thought 2007 – George Klosko for Political Obligations 2008 – Martha Nussbaum for Frontiers of Justice: Disability, Nationality, Species Membership 2009 – Richard Bellamy for Political Constitutionalism: a Republican Defence of the Constitutionality of Democracy 2010 – Sharon Krause for Civil Passions: Moral Sentiment and Democratic Deliberation 2011 – Murray Milgate and Shannon C. Stimson for After Adam Smith: A Century of Transformation in Politics and Political Economy 2012 – Paul Weithman for Why Political Liberalism?: