1869, and refused to entertain the idea of a French alliance unless Italy were allowed to occupy the Papal States, and, on occasion, Rome itself. On the eve of the assembly of the Oecumenical Council at Rome Menabrea reserved to the Italian government its right in respect of any measures directed against Italian institutions. He withdrew from seminary students in 1860 the exemption from military service which they had hitherto enjoyed. Throughout his term of office he was supported by the finance minister Count Cambray Digny, who forced through parliament the grist tax proposed by Quintino Sella, though in an altered form from the earlier proposal. After a series of changes in the cabinet, and many crises, Menabrea resigned in December 1869 on the election of a new chamber in which he did not command a majority. He was made marquis of Valdora in 1875. His successor in the premiership, Giovanni Lanza, in order to remove him from his influential position as aide-de-camp to the king, sent him to London as ambassador, where he remained until in 1882 he replaced General Cialdini at the Paris Embassy. Ten years later he withdrew from public life, and died at Saint Capin on 24 May 1896. Publications "Notions sur la machine analytique de M. Charles Babbage", Bibliothèque universelle de Genève, nouvelle série 41 (1842) p. 352–76 (23 pages). Available via Bibnum (fr). Its translation by Ada Lovelace: "Sketch of the Analytical Engine Invented by Charles Babbage . . . with Notes by the Translator", Scientific Memoirs, Selected from the Transactions of Foreign Academies of Science and Learned Societies 3 (1843): 666-731. Available online at Fourmilab and York University. "Letter to the Editor of Cosmos." Cosmos. Vol. 6. 1855. pp 421–422. Published online by Wired magazine. References External links Sources 1809 births 1896 deaths Politicians from Chambéry People from the Kingdom of Sardinia 19th-century Italian mathematicians Prime Ministers of Italy Foreign ministers of Italy Members of the Senate of the Kingdom of Italy Knights Commander of the Order of Saint Joseph University of Turin alumni Members of the Chamber of Deputies (Kingdom of Sardinia) Deputies of Legislature I of the Kingdom of Sardinia Deputies of Legislature III of the Kingdom of Sardinia Deputies of Legislature IV of the Kingdom of Sardinia Deputies of Legislature V of the Kingdom of Sardinia Deputies of Legislature VI of the Kingdom of Sardinia Members of the Senate of