(in a diphthong), o, and u (allomorphs of the plural suffix) can occur after a long vowel. A wide variety of consonant clusters can occur in Crow. All consonants except for /h/ can be geminated. Voiced labials and dentals (phonemic m and n, allophones b, m, w and d, n, l) are resistant to clustering. Because they only occur intervocallically, l and w do not occur in clusters. The plosive allophones b and d only occur in clusters as the second consonant and only at morpheme boundaries. The nasal allophones m and n can only occur with each other with the exception of nm, or occur with h at a morpheme boundary. Clusters in general occur at morphemic boundaries. Some morphemic constraints: A word begins either with a V (long or short) or a single C; no word-initial consonant clusters Consonant clusters only occur word-internally; exception: sht as a single morpheme is an emphatic sentence-final declarative marker. A word can end in any C except for p and x; ch only occurs in one word (iach) as a plural demonstrative All lexical nouns and verb stems end in a vowel Generally, nonderived noun and verb stems consist of between 1-4 syllables. Only V: or diphthongs occur in one-syllable word Stress Stress in Crow is phonemic. The position of the stress in the stem is determined lexically. Virtually all noun and verb stems have an inherent stress. In word initial syllables, accented short vowels in a word initial syllable are generally followed by a consonant cluster, while accented long vowels are generally followed by a single consonant. Stress can fall on short vowels as well as long vowels and may fall on either mora of a long vowel. With diphthongs, either the long vowel or the offglide may bear the stress. Stress helps predict the tones of all the vowels in a word: stressed vowels are high in pitch; all vowels following the stressed vowel are low in pitch; all short vowels preceding the stressed vowel are low in pitch; all long vowels preceding the stressed vowel are high in pitch; short vowels occurring between a long vowel and the accented vowel assimilate to a high pitch. In words composed of more than one morpheme, there are several rules (with a few exceptions) to determine the placement of the stress: If the first stressed morpheme is stressed anywhere except for the