The term "high priest" usually refers either to an individual who holds the office of ruler-priest, or to one who is the head of a religious caste. Ancient Egypt In ancient Egypt, a high priest was the chief priest of any of the many gods revered by the Egyptians. While not regarded as a dynasty, the High Priest of Amun at Thebes, Egypt were nevertheless of such power and influence that they were effectively the rulers of Upper Egypt from 1080 to c. 943 BCE High Priest of Osiris. The main cult of Osiris was in Abydos, Egypt. High Priest of Ptah. The main cult of Ptah was in Memphis, Egypt. High Priest of Ra. The main cult of Ra was in Heliopolis (ancient Egypt). God's Wife of Amun the highest ranking priestess of the Amun cult. Ancient Israel The High Priest of Israel served in the Tabernacle, then in the Solomon's Temple and the Second Temple in Jerusalem. The Samaritan High Priest is the high priest of the Samaritans. Ancient world Archiereus, title of a high priest from ancient Greece. Dastur, a Zoroastrian high priest. Hierophant, the chief priest of the Eleusinian Mysteries. NIN (cuneiform) or EN (cuneiform), a high priest or priestess of a city-state's patron-deity in Sumer Pontifex maximus from ancient Rome. Pythia, high priestess of the Temple of Apollo (Delphi). China Zhang Lu was the third generation of Celestial Masters lineage from Zhang Daoling, was a high priest and appointed as General of the Household Who Guards Civilians (鎮民中郎將) and the Administrator of Hanning (漢寧太守) by imperial government. Kou Qianzhi (365–448) was conferred as the high priest or Tian Shi by Emperor Taiwu of Northern Wei, which eventually established The Northern Celestial Masters. India Vidyaranya was a high priest in the Vijayanagara Empire. Panditrao was a title of the appointed high priest that sat on the Council of 8 (Ashta Pradhan) in the early Maratha Empire. Christianity The Epistle to the Hebrews refers to Jesus as high priest. High priest is an office of the priesthood within the Melchizedek priesthood in most denominations of the Latter Day Saint movement. Mandaeism A high priest in Mandaeism is known as a ganzibra. The head of all of the high priests within a Mandaean community is known as a rishama. Other religions The Celestial Masters was founded by Zhang Daoling in 142 CE, they have been the high priests