condemned the entire human race to the intrinsic moral worth of the outlaw, dehumanizing the outlaw literally as a "wolf" or "wolf's-head" (in an era where hunting of wolves existed strongly, including a commercial element) and is first revoked only by the English Habeas Corpus Act of 1679 which declares that any criminal must be judged by a tribunal before being punished. Italian philosopher Giorgio Agamben takes the concept as the starting point of his main work Homo Sacer: Sovereign Power and Bare Life (1998). See also Proscription, a related Roman legal practice instituted by Sulla Burakumin, a similar practice in Japan Civil death, the loss of most or all civil rights as a punishment Dalit, the lowest caste in India Hague Conventions Hostis humani generis, in admiralty law, a term for pirates and slavers which may be attacked by any nation Kafir, a term in Islam for someone who rejects God's authority Nonperson, a person without social or legal status Outcast (person), someone rejected by or excluded from society Stateless person, someone not considered a national by any state Persona non grata, someone whose diplomatic immunity has been revoked Third Geneva Convention Unlawful combatant, category in United States law for attackers not regarded as protected by the Geneva Conventions Vogelfrei, a German person declared outside the protection of the law References . Trans. Daniel Heller-Roazen. External links Homo sacer y violencia divina en el caso judío: lo insacrificable sometido a castigo de Ely Orrego Interview with Giorgio Agamben – Life, A Work of Art Without an Author: The State of Exception, the Administration of Disorder and Private Life By Ulrich Raulff, German Law Journal No. 5 - Special Edition, 1 May 2004) [ The Refugee & the Decline of the Nation State] A paper delivered by Andonis Tsonis at 'Forms of Legal Identity', 19th Annual Law & Society Conference, Melbourne, 10–12 December 2001 "We Refugees" , Giogio Agamben on Hannah Arendt in Symposium #49 Knight of the Living Dead March 24, 2007 New York Times Op-Ed piece by Slavoj Zizek on Terrorism and normalization of torture. Ancient Roman religion Crime and punishment in ancient Rome Emergency laws Human rights Latin legal terminology Philosophy of law Roman law Caste Sacrifice