policy was gradual extermination of Polish and Jewish population in the region, with the victims of German campaign estimated at 460,000. Many others were sent to Germany as forced labour or conscripted into the German army. Poznań was the seat the German Central Bureau for Resettlement (UWZ, Umwandererzentralstelle), a special German institution established in November 1939 to coordinate the expulsion of Poles from occupied Polish territories. Poznań's Jewish population, which had numbered 2,000 in 1939, was largely murdered in the Holocaust. Property belonging to expelled or murdered Poles and Jews was often given to Volksdeutsche resettled from Baltic States, Eastern Europe and central Germany. Figures for 1944 show 94,000 Germans living in Poznań. Poles were subjected to forced labour also in the city itself, and from 1941, the German labor office in Poznań demanded that Polish children as young as 12 register for work, but it is known that even ten-year-old children were forced to work. In 1943, the Germans also carried out deportations of kidnapped Polish children from Poznań to a camp for Polish children in Łódź, which was nicknamed "little Auschwitz" due to its terrible conditions. From 1940 to 1945, the Germans operated the Stalag XXI-D prisoner-of-war camp for Allied POWs in Poznań. The Polish resistance movement was active in the city. Several organizations were formed in Poznań, including Tajna Polska Organizacja Wojskowa (Secret Polish Military Organization), (Poznań Military Organization), (National Fighting Organization), Ojczyzna (Homeland) and Komitet Niesienia Pomocy (Relief Committee), with some later merged into larger structures. Regional branches of the nationwide Union of Armed Struggle, Bataliony Chłopskie, Gray Ranks and organizations were also founded. Activities included secret Polish schooling, printing and distribution of underground Polish press, sabotage actions, military trainings, espionage of German activity, providing aid to people in need, preparations for a planned uprising, and facilitating escapes of British prisoners of war from Stalag XXI-D. In June 1940, the Bureau of the Government Delegation for Poland for Polish territories annexed by Germany was founded, and in July 1940, even an underground Polish parliament was established in Poznań. The Germans cracked down on Polish resistance several times, with many Poles either executed or tortured and killed in prisons and concentration camps. In February 1943, a flying unit of the Union of Armed Struggle and Home Army carried out an operation to burn down Wehrmacht warehouses in the local river port, an action deemed one of the