A Little Manila ( or ), also known as a Manilatown () or Filipinotown (), is a community with a large Filipino immigrant and descendant population. Little Manilas are enclaves of Overseas Filipinos consisting of people of Filipino origin living outside of the Philippines. This term applies to Filipinos who are both abroad indefinitely as citizens or permanent residents of a different country, and to those Filipino citizens abroad for a limited, definite period, such as on a work contract or as students. It can also include seamen and others who work outside the Philippines, but are neither permanent nor temporary residents of another country. Characteristics Filipino markets According to Rick Bonus, author of Locating Filipino Americans: Ethnicity and the Cultural Politics of Space, "...Filipinos only deal with Filipinos." The author meant that in a Filipino society is very "tightly bound" and tend to only purchase Filipino products only from known Filipino grocery stores, even though the same products may be available at more mainstream retailers. Filipino restaurants Many Filipinos who grow up in a Filipino enclave experience a yearning only for Filipino food. For example, one author stated that "... my stomach was trained at an early age to love Filipino food. I ate tocino (sweet pork) and longanisa (sweet sausage) for breakfast, and had adobo, pancit, and beef caldereta for dinner... White kids... would make faces at my food and ask what I was eating." Income and schooling According to an article, the percentage of Filipinos living below the poverty line is one of the lowest among Asian groups with the third highest income level averaging around $65,000 U.S. dollars. Sterngass further states that education is a priority in this culture as well. Locations Australia Sydney There are about 85,000 Filipino-Australians in the area controlled by Blacktown City Council. Philippine-born residents comprise 5.9% of the population in the City of Blacktown and are the largest directly born ethnic group in Blacktown. More than fifty percent of Filipino-Australians are based in New South Wales. Filipino food shops exist around Blacktown railway station. Melbourne "... in different areas of Metropolitan Melbourne, with the greatest number settling down in the western suburbs." Filipinos in Victoria, a website from Vicnet, a division of the State Library of Victoria. Canada Manitoba Winnipeg Winnipeg is home to 56,400 Filipinos, making them the third largest Filipino community in Canada by total population, however the largest