wife, the composition of a universal history from the standpoint of radical republicanism. The result, Weltgeschichte (World History), was published in 1860. It was the major literary product of his career and the result of 30 years of study. From 1858 to 1859, he edited Die Sociale Republik. He also promoted German public schools in New York City. In 1856, he supported John Frémont for U.S. president. In 1860, he supported Abraham Lincoln. At the start of the 1860s, Struve joined in the American Civil War in the Union Army, a captain under Blenker, and one of the many German emigrant soldiers known as the Forty-Eighters. He resigned a short time later to avoid serving under Blenker's successor, the Prussian Prince Felix Salm-Salm. Struve was an abolitionist, and opposed plans to create a colony of freed slaves in Liberia because he thought it would hinder the abolition of slavery in the United States. Return to Germany He never became naturalized since he felt his primary objective was to battle the despots of Europe. In 1863, a general amnesty was issued to all those who had been involved in the revolutions in Germany, and Struve returned to Germany. His first wife had died in Staten Island in 1862. Back in Germany, he married a Frau von Centener. Lincoln appointed him U. S. consul at Sonneberg in 1865, but the Thuringian states refused to issue his exequatur due to his radical writings. On 21 August 1870 he died in Vienna where he had settled in 1869. Vegetarianism Struve was a leading figure in the initial stage of the German vegetarian movement. He had become a vegetarian in 1832 under the influence of Rousseau's treatise Émile. Struve authored the first German vegetarian-themed novel, Mandaras Wanderungen in 1833. He founded the Vegetarische Gesellschaft Stuttgart (Stuttgart Vegetarian Society) in 1868. He wrote the vegetarian book Pflanzenkost, in 1869. Historian Corinna Treitel has noted that Struve linked "vegetarianism to republican self governance." Works Politische Briefe (Mannheim, 1846) Das öffentliche Recht des deutschen Bundes (2 vols., 1846) Grundzüge der Staatswissenschaft (4 vols., Frankfort, 1847–48) Geschichte der drei Volkserhebungen in Baden (Bern, 1849) Weltgeschichte (6 vols., New York, 1856–59; 7th ed., with a continuation, Coburg, 1866–69) Das Revolutionszeitalter (New York, 1859–60) Diesseits und jenseits des Oceans (Coburg, 1864-'5) Kurzgefasster Wegweiser für Auswanderer (Bamberg, 1867) Pflanzenkost die Grundlage einer neuen Weltanschauung (Stuttgart, 1869) Das Seelenleben, oder die Naturgeschichte des