and income from the sale of fish for small farmers and can also supply irrigation needs and water for livestock. The ecosystem and production services offered by carp farming in fish ponds have immense societal and economic advantages. For example, per production cycle, common carp aquaculture in the whole Central and Eastern Europe fishponds offer at least 579 million € worth of services, some of which are realized while a larger part is intangible. European carp aquaculture in fishponds is probably cleaner than most food production sectors in the European Union, offering lesser nutrient burden to the environment than standard crop and livestock sectors. Gallery See also Ancient Hawaiian aquaculture Garden pond Kahaluu Fish Pond Koi pond Raceway (aquaculture) Raceway pond Sea cage Stew pond Water garden Notes References Aston M (1998) Medieval fish, fisheries and fishponds in England Volumes 1–2. B.A.R. . Chattopadhyay GN (1998) Chemical Analysis of Fish Pond Soil and Water Daya Publishing House. . Compton LV (1943) Techniques of fishpond management U.S. Dept. of Agriculture. Delincé G (1992) The ecology of the fish pond ecosystem Kluwer Academic Publishers. . Farber JM (1997) Ancient Hawaiian fishponds: can restoration succeed on Molokaʻi? Neptune House Publications. . Gopalakrishnan V and Coche AG (1994) Handbook on small-scale freshwater fish farming Training Series No. 24, FAO, Rome. . Hoare J (1870) A treatise on fishponds, addressed to the nobility and gentry of Sussex Wyman & sons, original from Harvard University. IUCN (1997) Fishing for a living: the ecology and economics of fishponds in Central Europe . FAO (1996) Simple methods for aquaculture: Management for freshwater fish culture: Ponds and water practices Training Series No. 21/1, Rome. FAO (1995) Simple methods for aquaculture: Pond Construction for Freshwater Fish Culture: Building Earthen Ponds FAO Training Series No. 20/1, Rome. FAO (1992) Simple methods for aquaculture: Pond Construction for Freshwater Fish Culture: Pond-Farm Structures and Layouts FAO Training Series No. 20/2, Rome. FAO (1989) Simple methods for aquaculture: Topography: Making topographical surveys for freshwater fish culture Training Series No. 16/2, Rome. FAO (1981) Simple methods for aquaculture. Water for freshwater fish culture Training Series No.4, Rome. Fish farming Pond