nobody had informed Mahmud's son, Kamran Mirza, of the peace agreement; as a result, when he saw Zaman Shah withdrawing his armies, Kamran tailed his armies. However, once Kamran had left (with the main portion for the army off defending the city), Timuri Khan, the garrison commander, had led an open revolt, and opened the gates to Zaman Shah, having heard of this, Mahmud Shah and Kamran had fled to Tehran for shelter to the Persian court. Return of Mahmud Shah During Zaman Shah's campaigns in Punjab against the Sikhs, the British had seen this as a threat, where Zaman Shah could align the Muslim powers of India against the British in a coalition, as a result, the British had given 10,000 rupees to the Shah of Persia. Seeing opportunity, Mahmud Shah, along with his brother, Firoz Mirza, had mobilized and marched on Farah and Herat. Instead of the Shah joining directly, he supported Mahmud and Firoz. The two princes captured Farah, and also defeated Qaizar Mirza, Zaman Shah's son, and also besieged Herat. Zaman Shah had abandoned his Punjab campaign and pulled back to Peshawar, the Sikhs recaptured Lahore as a result of this. Despite Herat in large support of Mahmud Shah, Qaizar had held out. In an attempt to undermine the Persian alliance, Qaizar's Wazir had sent a letter to Mahmud Shah's ally, Mir Ali, and had offered to assassinate Mahmud Shah. However Mahmud's spies intercepted this message, Mahmud Shah and Kamran were completely deceived, and fled in the dead of the night. The following morning, seeing that Mahmud and Kamran had fled, chaos erupted in the camp, and taking advantage of this, Qaizar had marched out and routed the Persian army from besieging Herat. Following this victory, Zaman Shah had returned to Punjab, recapturing Lahore and also placed Ranjit Singh, as an attempt to divide the Sikhs as the nawab of Lahore, and Zaman had returned to Peshawar. Second Return of Mahmud Shah After the execution of Payandah Khan Barakzai, his sons fled to the Persian court, pledging loyalty to Mahmud Shah and persuading him to take up arms and attempt a second campaign against Zaman Shah. When Zaman Shah went to Lahore in the spring of 1800 to deal with the rebellious Ranjit Singh, Mahmud Shah, and his followers including Fateh Khan had marched on Ghirishk, they had raised an army of several thousand, prominently Barakzai