son of King Charles II of England and a noble bretonne, Louise de Penancoët de Kérouaille. List of the Lords and Earls of Richmond Earls of Richmond (early Lords of Richmond) Alan Rufus (d. 1093) – built Richmond Castle, ally of William the Conqueror Alan the Black (d. 1098) Stephen, Count of Tréguier (d. 1136) – the younger brother of Alan Rufus Earls of Richmond, 1st Creation (1136) Alan the Black, 1st Earl of Richmond (d.1146) – third son of Stephen of Treguier; husband of Bertha, Duchess of Brittany, daughter of Conan III. Alan died before she became Duchess. Conan IV, Duke of Brittany (d.1171) – son of Alan the Black and Bertha of Brittany; the first Duke of Brittany to hold the title directly; the Earldom was seized in 1158 by Henry II of England after Conan seized the County of Nantes and it was returned to Conan when the latter returned the County of Nantes to Henry II. The latter acted as a regent when Conan abdicated in favour of his daughter Constance of Brittany and would later confer the title on his son Geoffrey in connection with his marriage to Constance. Constance, Duchess of Brittany (1183–1201). Geoffrey II, Duke of Brittany – Earl of Richmond jure uxoris (1183-1186). Ranulf de Blondeville, 6th Earl of Chester – Earl of Richmond jure uxoris (1189–1198). Guy of Thouars – Earl of Richmond jure uxoris (1199–1201). Arthur I, Duke of Brittany (1196–1203) – son of Geoffrey and Constance; succeeded his mother in her lifetime. Imprisoned by his uncle King John of England (Jean sans Terres) since 1202, disappeared in 1203 and viewed as having died in 1208. The circumstances of Arthur's death were a factor in the rebellions that culminated in French royal intervention and King John's consequent loss of the continental empire that had been assiduously constructed by his father King Henry II. Eleanor, Fair Maid of Brittany – Titular Hereditary Countess of Richmond. She was Constance's daughter and Arthur's sister. She was considered by some to have succeeded to the Earldom as the 5th Countess of Richmond. Imprisoned initially by King John of England (Jean sans Terres) and then his successor King Henry III. She died 1241 after a lifetime of imprisonment since 1202. During her life imprisonment, John I had offered the Earldom to Peter Mauclerc, who declined the offer but was still recognized as Earl of Richmond