from pawn shops to online operations via illegal applications. These operations aren't usually controlled by Vietnamese, but rather Vietnamese people living in Cambodia or Chinese operators. When the borrower is unable to pay debt, they will force the borrower to loan via apps or other loaners, then another, until they are able to pay(but mostly impossible since this case generate compound interests). If the borrower is unable to pay on time, the sharks will use every single ways to force borrower to repay, like sending threatening emails, text messages, annoying phone calls...to both borrower and their families and friends, sometimes they'll take gangsters to come over the borrower's properties like their house, companies,.....and spray mắm tôm(Belacans), spraying paints and feces. Most borrowers only loan a small amount of money, mostly below 10 million VNĐ, but with rates and compound rates, the true amount that they have to pay will always be much larger, about 10 to 100 time larger than what they have to pay if use official credit service suppliers. There are a lot of cases reported and most are solved by the police, but there are cases that can't be solved, thus, the unlucky borrower has to commit suicide or commit crime. Sometimes their children(if available) would be kidnapped. In recent years the government are trying to do everything to stop these loaners from operating and propaganda people to not loan or borrow money from them, but it's very hard since the victims are mostly undereducated people and people that has limited knowledge about financials. United Kingdom The research by the government and other agencies estimates that 165,000 to 200,000 people are indebted to loan sharks in the United Kingdom. Illicit loan sharking is treated as a high-level crime by law enforcement, due to its links to organized crime and the serious violence involved. Payday loans with high interest rates are legal in many cases, and have been described as "legal loan sharking" (in that the creditor is legally registered, pays taxes and contributions, and can reclaim remittance if taking the case to adjudication; likewise there is no threat of harm to the debtor). United States 19th-century salary lenders In the late 19th-century US, the low legal interest rates made small loans unprofitable, and small-time lending was viewed as irresponsible by society. Banks and other major financial institutions thus stayed away from small-time lending. There were, however, plenty