at most are the names of trees. The other names have a variety of meanings, which are set out in the list below. Beith, Old Irish Beithe means "birch-tree", cognate to Middle Welsh bedw. Latin betula is considered a borrowing from the Gaulish cognate. Luis, Old Irish Luis is either related to luise "blaze" or lus "herb". The arboreal tradition has caertheand "rowan". Fearn, Old Irish Fern means "alder-tree", Primitive Irish *wernā, so that the original value of the letter was . Sail, Old Irish Sail means "willow-tree", cognate to Latin salix. Nion, Old Irish Nin means either "fork" or "loft". The arboreal tradition has uinnius "ash-tree". Uath, Old Irish Úath means úath "horror, fear"; the arboreal tradition has "white-thorn". The original etymology of the name, and the letter's value, are however unclear. McManus (1986) suggested a value . Peter Schrijver (see McManus 1991:37) suggested that if úath "fear" is cognate with Latin pavere, a trace of PIE *p might have survived into Primitive Irish, but there is no independent evidence for this. Dair, Old Irish Dair means "oak" (PIE *doru-). Tinne, Old Irish Tinne from the evidence of the kennings means "bar of metal, ingot". The arboreal tradition has cuileand "holly". Coll, Old Irish Coll meant "hazel-tree", cognate with Welsh collen, correctly glossed as cainfidh "fair-wood" ("hazel") by the arboreal interpretation. Latin corulus or corylus is cognate. Ceirt, Old Irish Cert is cognate with Welsh perth "bush", Latin quercus "oak" (PIE *perkwos). It was confused with Old Irish ceirt "rag", reflected in the kennings. The Auraicept glosses aball "apple". Muin, Old Irish Muin: the kennings connect this name to three different words, muin "neck, upper part of the back", muin "wile, ruse", and muin "love, esteem". The arboreal tradition has finemhain "vine". Gort, Old Irish Gort means "field" (cognate to garden). The arboreal tradition has edind "ivy". nGéadal, Old Irish Gétal from the kennings has a meaning of "killing", maybe cognate to gonid "slays", from PIE . The value of the letter in Primitive Irish, then, was a voiced labiovelar, . The arboreal tradition glosses cilcach, "broom" or "fern". Straif, Old Irish Straiph means "sulphur". The Primitive Irish letter value is uncertain, it may have been a sibilant different from s, which is taken by sail, maybe a reflex of or . The arboreal tradition glosses draighin "blackthorn". Ruis, Old Irish Ruis means "red" or "redness", glossed as trom