the burning room. Second, comparing the total production of heat, toxic gases, and smoke from the fire; this is applicable to occupants of the building remote from the room of fire origin. The time to untenability is judged by the time that is available to the occupants before either (a) room flashover occurs, or (b) untenability due to toxic gas production occurs. For the FR tests, the average available escape time was more than 15-fold greater than for the occupants of the room without fire retardants. Hence, with regard to the production of combustion products, The amount of material consumed in the fire for the fire retardant (FR) tests was less than half the amount lost in the non-fire retardant (NFR) tests. The FR tests indicated an amount of heat released from the fire which was 1/4 that released by the NFR tests. The total quantities of toxic gases produced in the room fire tests, expressed in "CO equivalents," were 1/3 for the FR products, compared to the NFR ones. The production of smoke was not significantly different between the room fire tests using NFR products and those with FR products. Thus, in these tests, the fire retardant additives decreased the overall fire hazard. Global demand In 2013, the world consumption of flame retardants was more than 2 million tonnes. The commercially most import application area is the construction sector. It needs flame retardants for instance for pipes and cables made of plastics. In 2008 the United States, Europe and Asia consumed 1.8 million tonnes, worth US$4.20-4.25 billion. According to Ceresana, the market for flame retardants is increasing due to rising safety standards worldwide and the increased use of flame retardants. It is expected that the global flame retardant market will generate US$5.8 billion. In 2010, Asia-Pacific was the largest market for flame retardants, accounting for approximately 41% of global demand, followed by North America, and Western Europe. See also Brominated flame retardant Cotton Fire glass Fire retardant Flammability NEMA FR-2 NEMA FR-4 Polymer References Further reading The Dangers of Brominated Fire Retardants, by Nick Gromicko, International Association of Certified Home Inspectors, Inc, viewed January 2018. Fire Resistant and Fire Retardant Cables, by Steven McFadyen, myElectrical Engineering, July 4, 2013. External links FlameRetardants-Online from Clariant Produkte (Deutschland) GmbH Phosphorus, Inorganic and Nitrogen Flame Retardants Association Flame retardants Flame retardant fabrics Cotton