Quantitative geography is a subfield of geography that develops, tests, and uses mathematical and statistical methods to analyze and model geographic phenomena and patterns. It aims to explain and predict the distribution and dynamics of human and physical geography through the collection and analysis of quantifiable data. The approach quantitative geographers take is generally in line with the scientific method, where a falsifiable hypothesis is generated, and then tested through experimentation. This has received criticism, and in recent years, quantitative geography has moved to include systematic model creation and understanding the limits of their models. This approach is used to study a wide range of topics, including population demographics, urbanization, environmental patterns, and the spatial distribution of economic activity. The methods of quantitative geography are often contrasted by those employed by qualitative geography, which is more focused on observing and recording characteristics of geographic place. History Quantitative geography emerged in the mid-20th century as a response to the increasing demand for more systematic, empirical, and data-driven approaches to studying geographic phenomena. It is a direct product of the quantitative revolution in geography. It was influenced by developments in statistics, mathematics, computer science, and the physical sciences. Quantitative geographers sought to use mathematical and statistical methods to better understand patterns, relationships, and processes in the spatial distribution of human and physical phenomena. Computers perhaps had the most profound impact on quantitative geography, they used techniques such as map analysis, regression analysis, and spatial statistics to investigate various geographic questions. In the 1950s and 1960s, advances in computer technology facilitated the application of quantitative methods in geography, leading to the development of new techniques such as geographic information systems (GIS). Notable early pioneers in GIS are Roger Tomlinson and Waldo Tobler. Simultaneously, new data sources, such as remote sensing and GPS, were incorporated into geographic research. These tools enabled geographers to collect, analyze, and visualize large amounts of spatial data in new ways, further advancing the field of quantitative geography. In the late 20th century, quantitative geography became a central discipline within geography, and its influence was felt in fields such as urban, economic, and environmental geography. Today, research in quantitative geography continues, focusing on using innovative quantitative methods and technologies to address complex geographic questions and problems. Techniques and subfields Quantitative revolution Laws of geography The concept of laws in geography is a product of the quantitative revolution and is a