and to generate a plot displaying the variation of the block error rate as function of playtime. In a typical 700-MB CD-R containing 79.7 minutes of audio data, for example, the radius that error occurs can be calculated from the following equation: t is the reading time and r is the radius location. AAS In the AAS method, the set of servo systems (focus, tracking, sled, and spindle servos) keeps the laser beam focused on the spiral track, and allows disc rotation and laser head motion during the scanning. The amplification/detection board (DAB) is integrated into the CD/DVD drive unit and incorporates a photosensor and electronic circuitry to amplify the RF signal extracted from the photodiode transducer. The photosensor generates a trigger signal when detecting the trigger mark. Both signals are brought to the USB2.0 data acquisition board(DAQ) for digitization and quantification. See also lab on a chip point-of-care testing diagnostic testing MEMS Immunoassay Notes References External links Marc Madou's BioMEMS lab in UC Irvine YKCho's FRUITS lab in UNIST Hua-Zhong Yu's webpage in SFU Gang Logan Liu's research webpage on biodisk Lab-on-a-chip publishing Cell culture techniques Microfluidics