Charles Austen Angell (14 December 1933 – 12 March 2021) was a renowned Australian and American physical chemist known for his prolific and highly cited research on the chemistry and physics of glasses and glass-forming liquids. He was internationally recognized as a luminary in the fields of glasses, liquids, water and ionic liquids. His best known contribution is probably the development of the fragility concept and the "strong–fragile" classification of viscous liquids in general. The plot of logarithm of viscosity of liquids of all types to be placed on the same diagram by using the reduced temperature scale with the glass transition temperature Tg as scaling parameter, is widely known as the "Angell plot". He was a pioneer of discovering the extraordinary behavior of supercooled water and launched the modern era of exploring the anomalies of water, which transformed the understanding of the most common substance on Earth in modern physics and chemistry. He was one of the first scientists to embrace molecular simulations for gaining insights into the amorphous materials and liquids. He also worked on the problems of ionic liquids and Li battery electrolytes. He is credited with the "decoupling index" concept for characterizing the freedom of conducting species and with the "polymer-in-salt" concept for lithium battery electrolytes. He was a "visionary explorer of glasses and the limits of the liquid state". Early life and education Austen Angell was born in Canberra, Australia, in 1933, the first child of Herbert and Kate Angell. His father was a plant pathologist with a wide range of hobbies from reassembling model T Ford to grinding telescope lens. He recalled his father's casting of aluminum parts from scrap aircraft in a dining room fireplace that got his interest in molten liquids at an early age. After high school, he went to Melbourne University for undergraduate studies in Chemical Metallurgy. After graduation, he worked on molten salts with electrochemist John Bockris at the University of Pennsylvania. He went on to Imperial College London as the Stanley Elmore Fellow to pursue a PhD degree working with a physical chemist John Tomlinson. After two and half years working on metal-molten salt solution, he wrote his PhD thesis on self-diffusion in molten Cd-CdCl2 solution and TlCl, which earned him the biennial Armstrong Medal for graduate research. Before he returned to Australia, he embarked on a six-month adventure in a Volkswagen Beetle across Africa from Liberia to