the Japanese was regarded as the pinnacle of his achievements by himself. Ma Biao crushed the Japanese at the Battle of Huaiyang. Ma Bufang's army battled extensively in bloody battles against the Japanese in Henan province and fought against White Lotus elements who had allied with the Japanese. The Qinghai Chinese, Salar, Chinese Muslim, Dongxiang, and Tibetan troops were under the commander of Ma Biao, being sent to fight to the death against the Imperial Japanese Army, or committed suicide refusing to be taken prisoner. When they defeated the Japanese, the Muslim troops slaughtered all of them except for a few prisoners to send back to Qinghai prove that they were victorious. In September 1940, when the Japanese made an offensive against the Muslim Qinghai troops, the Muslims ambushed them and killed so many of them they were forced to retreat. The Japanese could not even pick up their dead, they instead cut an arm from their corpses limbs for cremation to send back to Japan. The Japanese did not dare make an offensive like that again. During World War II, the China Information Publishing Company included an article on Ma Biao in Volume 4 of its publication "China at War", which discussed both his service in the Boxer Rebellion in 1900 and his fight against the Japanese in World War II in Henan. According to the article, he knew four languages: an indigenous dialect, Tibetan, Arabic, and Chinese. Tibetan Lamaists (Tibetan Buddhists) made up 20% of his soldiers, Han Chinese made up 30% of his soldiers, and various Muslim ethnicities made up the remaining 50%. He had a beard. Ma Biao was forced to retire and leave the battlefield with great reluctance. Ma Biao's relative Ma Bukang succeeded him as 8th Cavalry Division commander in the summer of 1942 and proceeded to battle the Japanese. Ma Biao died at age 63 due to a car accident in Xining. References External links https://web.archive.org/web/20170510105521/http://www.gs.xinhuanet.com/zhuanti/2015/krzz70/kzyxp.htm https://web.archive.org/web/20170510105314/http://www.gs.xinhuanet.com/zhuanti/2015-04/27/c_1115105176.htm 1885 births 1948 deaths Ma clique National Revolutionary Army generals from Qinghai Qing dynasty military personnel Warlords in Republican China