cratering in printed circuit boards can be found in the following links: http://www.smtnet.com/Forums/index.cfm?fuseaction=view_thread&Thread_ID=13953 http://www.ipc.org/de/ContentPage.aspx?pageid=IPC-ehrt-Best-Papers-an-der-IPC-APEX-EXPO http://integral-hdi.com Integral Technology http://integral-hdi.com/news/2010/11/next-generation-electronic-materials- Integral Technology pad cratering blog. References Printed circuit board manufacturing Soldering defects