failed captaincy in Bahia de Todos os Santos. In acknowledgment of the success of Duarte Coelho, the new governor was instructed to visit all the remaining captaincies except for Pernambuco. The Jesuits and other officials of the new government of Brazil were not similarly restricted. In 1551, the visit of Jesuits Manuel da Nóbrega and Antonio Pires resulted in multiple letters back to both the crown and their Jesuit headquarters in Coimbra. The fathers described a settlement in which laws both civil and particularly religious were broken probably as much as they were observed. Father Nobrega complained variously of sins that were long-established and deep-rooted. He reported extensive sexual license taken with the indigenous women, who freely gave themselves to the Portuguese men. He also noted many mestiço children in the colony who were raised without instruction in the faith or education. Nóbrega commented as well on the clergy in Pernambuco, saying they were living no better lives than the laymen. While in Pernambuco the Jesuits preached the gospel in the indigenous communities and made efforts to reestablish Christian mores among the Portuguese as well. They also established two brotherhoods of the rosary one for the Portuguese and one for the slaves. However, their stay was short, Father Nóbrega returned to Bahia quickly and after the departure of Father Pires in 1554 the Jesuits did not return to Pernambuco until 1561. In 1553, Duarte Coelho returned to Portugal, leaving the governance of Pernambuco with Dona Brites de Albuquerque and her brother Jeronimo de Albuquerque. When he died while in Portugal, his heir Duarte Coelho de Albuquerque was a minor and Dona Brites would govern during her son's minority and while he was in Portugal to finish his education. While Duarte Coelho had led fighting against the French and their Caeté allies during his lifetime, his absence was soon followed by more fighting with the Caeté people. Jeronimo de Albuquerque, who married the daughter of a Tabajara chieftain and fathered at least 24 children, was an effective leader in both peace and war. Shortly after the departure of the first donatário for Portugal, there was renewed war. By 1555, Jeronimo de Albuquerque had driven the Caetés South and opened up the várzea (flood plain) around the Capibaribe river for settlement and sugar cultivation. This would prove to be one of the most productive areas for sugar cultivation. After the return of