from this widely-shared localization, Witzel places it close to Gorgan. Urva rich in pastures (): The exact location of Urva is unknown. Gnoli proposed Ghazni, while Darmesteter believed it to be Urgench in modern day Uzbekistan. Khnenta, inhabited by the Vehrkana (): This place name is not found in any historical sources, but the Vehrkana are often connected with the Hyrcanians and Khnenta is, therefore, identified with Hyrcania. However, Gnoli connects the name with the Barkanioi, a tribe mentioned by Ctesias and places Khnenta north of the Hindukush. On the other hand, Grenet connects the name Vehrkana with the town Urgun south of the Hindukush. Harakhvaiti the beautiful (): This name appears during the Achaemenid Empire as Harauvatish and was known to the Greeks as Arachosia, a historical region centered around the valley of the Arghandab River in modern-day southern Afghanistan. The name also appears as Sarasvati, a Vedic river in India. It has been noted that the name of Harakhvaiti found in the Avesta differs from a reconstructed correct Avestan form and therefore may reflect a local dialect. Haetumant possessing the Khvarenah (): Haetumant is the region of Helmand River, which derives its name from it and roughly corresponds to the Achaemenian region of Drangiana, which later became known as Sistan under the Sassanians. Ragha of the three tribes (): Classic Pahlavi commentary identified Ragha with Median Ragā (modern day Rey in Tehran province) and therefore placed it in western Iran. Following Gnoli, however, modern localization attempts often place it in Afghanistan, whereas others still support its traditional localization in western Iran. Chakhra the strong, supporting the religious order (): The location of Chakhra is still uncertain, but Darmesteter believes the location is Čarx between Ghaznī and Kabul, in the valley of Lōgar, whereas Grenet identifies Chakhra with the Chitral valley. Varena with four corners (): According to Pahlavi tradition, Varena is located in mountainous Gilan, the birthplace of Zahhak, who was killed by Thraetaona. This localization was accepted by a number of historians. According to Gnoli, however, Varena is identified with modern Buner between the Indus River and the Swat District. Yet, according to Witzel, Varena lies south of Kabul. Hapta Hendu (, Vsn. Sapta Sindhava, 'seven rivers'): Beginning with Pahlavi tradition, Hapta Hendu has been interpreted as referring to Punjab plus the Kabul river and the Indus river, a tradition that is shared by the vast majority