rare earth minerals abroad 19.7 Recycling, urban mining and developing alternative technology by the government and the private sector 1.6 Developing offshore oil and gas in Japan 16.3 Pre-feasibility study on methane hydrate deposits 8.9 Study on cobalt rich crust and other undersea reserves 6.8 (Cobalt rich crusts are undersea mineral deposits that contain manganese, cobalt, nickel and platinum, as well as rare earths such as neodymium and dysprosium.) Business The business community thinks that this incident has exposed China's country risks, called in Japan. Japanese companies proactively invest into rare earth mining in countries other than China. Examples include Sumitomo Corporation and Toshiba in Kazakhstan, Marubeni in South Africa, Sojitz and Toyota Tsusho in Vietnam, Sojitsu in Australia, and Sumitomo in the United States. Many companies have shifted the focus of investment away from China to India (the top recipient of Japanese investment) and the ASEAN nations. Protests On October 2, 2010, large-scale anti-Chinese protests occurred in Tokyo and six other cities in Japan. On November 6, an anti-Chinese demonstration was held in Hibiya Park. Response in China Mainland China Beijing September 8, 2010, mainland Chinese non-governmental fisherman groups took to the streets of Beijing in protest, including a major protest outside the Japanese embassy. Chinese patriotism and anti-Japanese sentiment were evident amongst protestors who waved Chinese flags and sang the national anthem while holding placards demanding that the Japanese withdraw from the islands. A letter of protest was left with Japanese embassy staff along with an ancient Chinese styled copper sheet used to send off a dead person's spirit, as a death wish. On September 18, dozens of individuals wearing the increasing popular "Oppose Japan" shirts held a protest around the Japanese embassy, demanding Japanese withdrawal from the islands and waving maps of China that included the islands as Chinese territories and chanted 'China forever' (lit. "China ten thousand years"/中国万岁/中國萬歲). The protesters posed a much larger danger to the embassy and local police were reinforced to 2–3 times the previous levels. Requests by the police, who were in riot gear, for the protesters to depart were largely unheeded. The embassy instead locked down and police closed off neighbouring streets to limit the increase of protesters and the possibility of chaos. Tianjin On September 12, 2010 a Japanese private school in Tianjin, China, was vandalised prompting police to increase police presence in Japanese schools, as well as cultural facilities,