issue was resolved illustrates the deeply divided views that exist to the assignment of women to combat aircraft" Commission vote—Yes=8, No=7, Abs=0 M. Combatant Vessels Women may be assigned to all naval vessels except amphibious craft and submarines. The navy should modify vessels to accommodate women when needed as part of normally scheduled maintenance. Commission vote—Yes=8, No=6, Abs=1 N. Special Operations Retain the existing policies excluding female personnel from assignment to Special Forces. Commission vote—Yes=14, No=0, Abs=0, NV=1 O. "Risk Rule" The "risk rule" is standard operating procedure whereby the exposure of women members of the armed services to situations involving injury, death, or capture is avoided. The "risk rule" should be retained except for women serving on naval vessels. Commission vote—Yes=9, No=4, Abs=2 P. Transition Process The further integration of female personnel into existing military units should be done according to an individual's physical and professional qualifications for the assignment. This transition period should proceed in a timely fashion adhering to best operating procedures. Modifications of existing equipment and facilities for women personnel should be carried out during scheduled routine maintenance Commission vote—Yes=11, No=3, Abs=1 Q. Conscription Women should be excluded from any draft or conscription for required military service. Commission vote—Yes=11, No=3, Abs=0, NV=1 Alternative views Five members of the commission — Cockerham, Donnelly, O'Beirne, Ray, and White - wrote a 38 page section in the Final Report entitled "The Case Against Women in Combat". They argued that the proponents of assigning women to combat did not prove the necessity of their case. The five members repeated and emphasized the evidence and personal testimony the Commission collected that cast doubt on combat roles for women. "Most importantly", they stated, "(combat roles for women) would overturn two centuries of settled law and military policy based on deeply held and commonly shared cultural assumptions defining how men should treat women". See also Women in the Military: United States Women in warfare (1945-1999) Women in warfare (2000-present) References Sources The Presidential Commission on the Assignment of Women in the Armed Forces: Report to the President, November 15, 1992. Washington, DC: GPO, 1992. 1 volume of various pagination. Cited in the text as "Final Report" Encyclopedia of Governmental Advisory Organizations Detroit, MI: Gale, 1998-1999. Entry number 1958. Assignment of Women in the Armed Forces, Presidential Commission on the Presidency of George H. W. Bush