and the On Leong gangs hosting each other for banquets, then participating in a ceremony as the 100 men in each group cut off their queues simultaneously. The truce would last for only one year, before the Hip Sing leader was murdered. Born: John Sturges, American film director known for The Magnificent Seven; in Oak Park, Illinois (d. 1982) Joseph L. Rauh, Jr., founder of Americans for Democratic Action, in Cincinnati (d. 1992) January 4, 1911 (Wednesday) The British Antarctic Expedition, led by Robert Falcon Scott, accompanied by the crew of the Terra Nova reached Antarctica, landing at Cape Evans, and prepared for an expedition to the South Pole that would begin on November 1. Born: Izzy Leon, light-skinned Cuban baseball player who pitched for the Philadelphia Phillies in 1945, after first playing in the Negro leagues (1944–48), in Cruces, Cuba Died: Stephen B. Elkins, 69, former U.S. Secretary of State and incumbent U.S. Senator from West Virginia.; Charlotte E. Ray, 60, first female African-American lawyer January 5, 1911 (Thursday) The African-American fraternity Kappa Alpha Psi Fraternity was founded, with the first chapter at Indiana University in Bloomington, Indiana. The organization now has 721 chapters and 150,000 members worldwide. White burley tobacco growers from Kentucky, Virginia and North Carolina met at Lexington, Kentucky, and agreed not to plant a crop in 1911. The town of Zillah, Washington, was incorporated. Born: Jean-Pierre Aumont, French film actor and war hero; in Paris (d. 2001) January 6, 1911 (Friday) U.S. President Taft refused to grant a pardon to H.S. Harlan, a wealthy lumber and turpentine factory manager convicted of labor violations, and signaled that he would not keep white collar criminals from serving prison time. "Fines are not effective against men of wealth," Taft wrote, adding that to relieve "men of large affairs and business standing" from incarceration "would be to break down the authority of the law with those of power and influence... What is worse, it would give real ground for the contention so often heard that it is only the poor criminals who are really punished." Died: Sir John Aird, 77, architect of the Aswan Dam George Walker, African-American comedian, 38. January 7, 1911 (Saturday) The world's first downhill skiing race was held, taking place at Crans-Montana in the Alps of Switzerland. Lord Roberts of Kandahar, British war hero, sponsored the trophy, the Roberts of Kandahar Challenge Cup. Twenty competitors