Relative luminance follows the photometric definition of luminance including spectral weighting for human vision, but while luminance is a measure of light in units such as , Relative luminance values are normalized as 0.0 to 1.0 (or 1 to 100), with 1.0 (or 100) being a theoretical perfect reflector of 100% reference white. Like the photometric definition, it is related to the luminous flux density in a particular direction, which is radiant flux density weighted by the luminous efficiency function (λ) of the CIE Standard Observer. The use of relative values is useful in color or appearance models that describe perception relative to the eye's adaptation state and a reference white. For example, in prepress for print media, the absolute luminance of light reflecting off the print depends on the specific illumination, but a color appearance model using relative luminance can predict the appearance by referencing the given light source. Relative luminance and colorimetric spaces For CIE colorspaces XYZ and xyY, the letter refers to relative luminance. If the maximum luminance for a given example is or , and the subject luminance is then the relative luminance is or Relative luminance and "gamma encoded" colorspaces (and ) are both linear to changes in the volume of light. Conversions from color spaces where light or lightness are encoded with a power curve, such as most image and video formats, must be linearized before being transformed to Y or the XYZ space. The simple method is to apply the inverse power curve to each of the color channels, as an example for several common RGB color spaces, a 2.2 power curve is applied: can then be calculated for these colorspaces by using the coefficients for the Y component of the transform matrix. For instance, for ITU-R BT.709 and sRGB both of which use the same primaries and whitepoint, relative luminance can be calculated from RGB components: first convert the gamma-compressed RGB values to linear RGB, and then The formula reflects the luminous efficiency function as "green" light is the major component of luminance, responsible for the majority of light perceived by humans, and "blue" light the smallest component. Different linear coefficients are needed to determine luminance for a given colorspace, which are calculated from their primary chromaticities (defined by their x&y or uʹ&vʹ chromaticity coordinates). For RGB spaces that use real colors for primaries, these coefficients will be positive for the conversion