home ranges in KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) in South Africa of male long-crested eagles is between 0.56 to 11.6 kilometers2 and the home range of females is 0.5 to 15.08 kilometers2. Some individuals in KZN were observed to be 20 km away from the center of their home range. In the Mpumalanga Province, the home range has been reported to be between 25 to 35 kilometers2. Long-crested eagles in Zimbabwe have been studied to have a home range of 40 to 65 kilometers2. Finally, within these home range sizes, the mean distance travelled in a study by Maphalala et al. was about 2 kilometers due to their sit and wait approach discussed in the food section below. Behaviour Breeding The long-crested eagle is territorial and the male displays during courtship in which he performs steep dives and also uses a rocking, level display flight, they call frequently during these displays. Both sexes build the nest, constructing a stick platform with a bowl-shaped depression in the centre which is lined with green leaves. The nest is normally situated in the mid-canopy and very close to the trunk of a tree near the forest edge. If available, the long-crested eagle will often reuse the nest of another bird, for example, the black sparrowhawk or lizard buzzard. It breeds all year but most eggs are laid in July–November. The female lays 1-2 eggs, and she takes most of the burden of incubating them, incubation lasting 42 days, as she incubates the male provides her with food. As is normal in birds of prey the eggs are laid asynchronously, as much as two weeks apart, and the female begins incubation as soon as the first egg is laid which means that hatching is also asynchronous. When the young hatch they are initially mainly fed by the male. The period from hatching to fledging is about 53 days, and the juveniles remain dependent on the adults for about a further 2–3 months. The nests have been recorded as being preyed upon by monkeys Cercopithecus spp and genets. Long-crested eagles breed throughout the year if enough food is available. They also maintain their nesting territories throughout the year, however, females have been shown to leave the territory during the non-breeding season. Furthermore, home ranges during the breeding season have been observed to be smaller and expand during the non-breeding season. Females forage closer to their chicks and travel