of meiosis occurs as normal, but there is no crossing over or chiasma formation in the females at the prophase I stage. The males on the other hand show conventional meiotic recombination. Mating In many hepialids, the female releases attractants to draw in males. This is the ancestral condition whereas in Phymatopus, the opposite occurs, with males attracting females. See also Gold swift Host plants and food plants Host plant: Pteridium (bracken) Food plants: Brooms (Baccharis) Horkelia Figworts (Scrophularia) Woolly sunflower (Eriophyllum) Sneezeweed (Helenium) Lupins/ lupines (Lupinus) Apple trees (Malus) Roots of: Erica (heaths) Primula Docks and sorrels (Rumex) Common heather / ling (Calluna) Mobility Mobility is defined as the ability to migrate. According to the metapopulation theory, migration is important for individuals to colonize new areas and recolonize old ones to avoid extinction. Moths, like other insects, are only mobile in the larval and adult stages. Mobility at the larval stage is limited and required mainly to find food and an optimal environment to pupate. According to van der Meulen and Groenendijk's classification, Phymatopus exhibit area restricted, limited wandering behaviour and small flight range. References External links Hepialidae genera Hepialidae Exoporia genera Taxa named by Hans Daniel Johan Wallengren