& Grev. Pityrogramma Link – gold ferns Vittarioid ferns (tribe Vittarieae ); primarily epiphytic in tropical regions and all have simple leaves with sori that follow the veins and lack true indusia: Anetium Antrophyum Hecistopteris Monogramma Vittaria – Shoestring fern Subfamilies Based on phylogenetic research, Christenhusz et al. (2011) divided the Pteridaceae genera into five subfamilies. These roughly correspond with the groups listed above, with the main difference being that adiantoid and vittarioid ferns are combined under the Vittarioideae subfamily name. The approach was followed by the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I). Cryptogrammoideae Genera: Coniogramme, Cryptogramma, Llavea Parkerioideae Genera: Acrostichum, Ceratopteris Pteridoideae Genera: Actiniopteris, Anogramma, Austrogramme, Cerosora, Cosentinia, Gastoniella, Jamesonia (incl. Eriosorus and Nephopteris), Onychium, Pityrogramma, Pteris (incl. Neurocallis & Platyzoma), Pterozonium, Syngramma, Taenitis, Tryonia Cheilanthoideae Genera: Adiantopsis, Aleuritopteris, Allosorus, Argyrochosma, Aspidotis, Astrolepis, Bommeria, Calciphilopteris, Cheilanthes, Cheiloplecton, Doryopteris, Gaga, Hemionitis, Lytoneuron, Mildella, Myriopteris, Notholaena, Ormopteris, Paragymnopteris, Parahemionitis, Pellaea, Pentagramma, Trachypteris Vittarioideae Genera: Adiantum, Ananthacorus, Antrophyopsis, Antrophyum, Haplopteris, Hecistopteris, Polytaenium, Radiovittaria, Rheopteris, Scoliosorus, Vaginularia, Vittaria Phylogenic relationships Smith et al. (2006) carried out the first higher-level pteridophyte classification published in the molecular phylogenetic era. Smith referred to the ferns as monilophytes, dividing them into four groups. The vast majority of ferns were placed in the Polypodiopsida. In 2016, the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group divided order Polypodiales into six suborders. Pteridaceae is the sole family in suborder Pteridiineae, with 52 genera. The suborder has the same circumscription as Smith et al. used for the family. The phylogenetic relationship between these six suborders is shown in this cladogram: The oldest fossil of the family is Heinrichsia from the early Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian) aged Burmese amber of Myanmar, which cannot be assigned to modern grouping of the family. Molecular clock evidence suggests a diversification of the family during the Late Cretaceous. Phylogeny of Pteridaceae. Distribution and habitat Mostly terrestrial or epipetric (growing on rock). References Bibliography , in Eric Schuettpelz. The evolution and diversification of epiphytic ferns. PhD Thesis Duke University 2007 Michael Hassler and Brian Swale. Checklist of Ferns and Fern Allies 2001 Australian National Botanic Gardens. A classification of the ferns and their allies External links Tree of Life: Pteridaceae Fern families Polypodiales