undergraduates are expected to fulfill the university's core curriculum and CSOM's curriculum in general management, which encompasses courses in accounting, finance, operations management, marketing, and economics. Beginning with students of the Class of 2013, the school required its incoming freshmen to enroll in a course called "Portico." This course, while serving as an introduction to CSOM for new undergraduates, also serves to teach new students about business ethics through the readings of Plato, Aristotle, Immanuel Kant, and Ayn Rand. This course will supersede the previous version of the course, which was known as "Introduction to Ethics." Students may dual-concentrate (but not triple-concentrate) within CSOM, pursue minors in either the Lynch School of Education or in the College of Arts and Sciences, enroll in the pre-med program, or even pursue a full major in the College of Arts and Sciences while enrolled as a student in CSOM. CSOM offers concentrations in accounting, accounting information systems, business analytics, corporate reporting, computer science, economics, entrepreneurship, finance, general management, information system, management leadership, marketing, and operations management. Graduate program The Carroll School's graduate programs include: a Master of Business Administration (full-time MBA and part-time MBA), a Master of Science in finance, a Master of Science in accounting and three Doctor of Philosophy programs in accounting, finance, and organization studies respectively. MBA programs The admissions rate for the Carroll School's Class of 2019 was 39%. Applicants are required to take the GMAT exam. Of the admitted applicants, the median score was 637 and the middle 80% of scores ranged from 580 to 700. All full-time M.B.A. students are required to complete a specialization area, such as Asset Management, Corporate Finance, or Global Management. There are more than 34,000 Carroll graduates working around the globe, and some of the notable alumni include Ronald Logue, chairman and former CEO of financial services firm State Street Corp., and Denis O’Brien, chairman of mobile phone network provider Digicel. M.S. programs Carroll School offers two M.S. programs including Master of Science in finance and Master of Science in accounting. Ph.D. programs Carroll School offers three doctor of philosophy programs including Ph.D. in accounting, Ph.D. in finance, and Ph.D. in organization studies. It takes five years to complete the doctoral program. Carroll School's Ph.D. programs admission is highly selective, and graduates have become successful teachers and scholars at leading management schools around the globe, such as Harvard University, University of Pennsylvania,