such as ash and oak. This is the climax community on a lithosere, defined as the point where a plant succession does not develop any further—it reaches a delicate equilibrium with the environment, in particular the climate. In the off chance of a phenomenon which effectively removes most of the lifeforms in these areas, the resultant landscape is considered to be a disclimax, where there is a loss of the previous climax community. Factors which interrupt succession include: human intervention (plagioclimax), change in relief of land (topoclimax), change in animal species (biotic climax) or change in soil such as an increase in acidity (edaphic climax) . In most cases, should the area be left to regenerate as normal when the limiting factor is removed, the area eventually becomes a climax community again (secondary succession). See also Hydrosere Psammosere Seral community Xerosere References Sources Codrington, S. B. (2005) Planet Geography. Solid Star Press. pp. 322–323. Smithson, P.; K. Addison. (2002) Fundamentals of the Physical Environment. Routledge. pp. 432–433. Verma, P. S.; V.K. Agarwal. (2000) Environmental Biology: Principles of Ecology. Chand (S.) & Co Ltd., India. pp. 303–304. Ecological succession