bricks at, and stealing a substantial amount of silverware and linen, from Loper's restaurant, which she looted for her hotel. It was reported that, at Burton's lynching, she "behaved like a fury of the French Revolution." In an interview, Howard said her actions were inspired by observations during a trip she'd taken to the South with her brother. While in Texas and Arkansas, she saw how stringently whites enforced segregation (which their legislatures had passed into law), and thought it worked to "teach the negro where he belonged." When she returned to Springfield, she noticed more businesses boycotting black people, but thought they were being cowardly in enforcing it. She thought it was time for the city's whites to "act up" and take action that she was willing to steer. After the attacks, she proudly displayed buckshot wounds in her arms, which were rumored to have been inflicted during Burton's lynching. She said that she believed white citizens would not allow her to be punished. But when arrested and facing 10 indictments, Howard said that she was not guilty. She said she had gone into Loper's only to collect souvenirs of the attack. One of her souvenirs was a 20-pound bucket of lard. After Howard was indicted, a white saloonkeeper posted her a $10,000 bond (over $250,000 in 2018). When Deputy Sheriff Kramer arrived at her home to arrest her on the murder charge, she excused herself to "change her clothes." When she stepped away, she secretly swallowed arsenic, then allowed Deputy Kramer to place her under arrest, telling him: "I'm ready to go." By the time they reached the jail, Howard collapsed and died as she walked through the door. Persons indicted Conviction Abraham Raymer As the trials began, it was widely reported that "few men of any prominence will be hit in the investigation." However, given the numbers of indictments, the scope of evidence (including confessions), and the Grand Jury's "determination to rid the community of the lawless element," newspapers reported that it was likely that perpetrators would serve time: Only one conviction was made by the jury. Abraham Raymer, a 20-year-old Russian-Jewish vegetable peddler, who spoke in broken English was indicted on 10 charges. Raymer had immigrated in 1903. He had two sisters in Boston, and his mother was in Russia. He came to Springfield, from St. Louis, where he had been employed at a shoe factory,