prevented them from getting off the train. When black people arrived in Greenridge and begged for food, they were "stoned out of town." In Gage Park, white residents threatened over 40 black refugee families with shotguns, ropes, and lynching should they try to attempt to seek shelter there. Such rejection brought about more deaths. For example, Lawrence Paine fled Springfield with his wife and three-week-old daughter. After the family was "denied refuge from the elements in the white towns along the route of their march, [the baby] died of exposure." It is uncertain how many black people permanently left the city due to the attacks. Many newspapers claimed that more 2,000 fled; which might have been likely during the attack and its immediate aftermath. It appears that most black people did return to Springfield, or were replaced by new migrants. Prior to the attacks, Springfield had about 2,700 black people. Two years later, per the 1910 US Census, the black population had risen to just under 3,000. Those who did return, and found that they were rendered homeless, sought refuge at the state Arsenal building, joining the 300 black people who had not left the Arsenal since the attacks began. Some newspapers labeled the returnees as "fugitives." At least 400 black people would live in the Arsenal building in the aftermath of the attacks, and some officials feared that "their very presence" would incite a riot. To prevent such incitement, the militiamen kept the doors to the armory closed, brought the residents food prepared by militia cooks, and discouraged them from leaving the building. Personal and property damages The militia quelled the riot on August 15, with nearly 50 homes and 35 businesses left in ruins. It was reported that "violent explosions and winds could not have accomplished more destruction. The negro quarters over these places were emptied and every window was shot out": Within one week, pictures of the burned ruins were sold as postcards and other memorabilia. There was over $120,000 in property damage "by fire," and over $35,000 filed in personal damages. Adjusted for inflation, in 2018, the total amount equates to about $4 million. However, not included in those estimates was property damage due to vandalism. With costs to transport and feed the state militia, during the violence, the total cost to the state was $265,000 (about $7 million in 2018). The family of Scott Barton