Mamluks' dominion. Later, during the era of Sultan al-Zahir Baibars al-Bunduqdari, the Cilician Armenians and the Principality of Antioch had to pay a huge price for their alliance with the Mongols. After the Battle of Ain Jalut the Mamluks repulsed three more invasions of Syria by the Mongols. Islam survived the combined crusaders and Mongol invasions though it had never been in such great jeopardy at any date since its birth. In 1257, the Mongol Empire suffered a serious split when Mongols of the Golden Horde, in the western half of the Eurasian steppe, converted to Islam and allied with the Mamluks (see Berke–Hulagu war), followed, in later years by other Mongols. In 1270 Louis IX made his last attempt and organized a new crusade (the Eighth Crusade) against Tunis, hoping to be able to attack Egypt again from there, but he died in Tunis. During the reign of Sultan Baibars the number of the Franks' dominions on the Syrian coast were reduced drastically. Acre and the last Frankish strongholds were captured by the Mamluk Sultan al-Ashraf Khalil between 1291 and 1292. See also Battle of Al Mansurah Berke–Hulagu war Notes References Abu al-Fida, Tarikh Abu Al-Fida, The Concise History of Humanity. Al-Maqrizi, Al Selouk Leme'refatt Dewall al-Melouk, Dar al-kotob, 1997. In English: Bohn, Henry G., The Road to Knowledge of the Return of Kings, Chronicles of the Crusades, AMS Press, 1969. Dupuy, Trevor N The Harpers Military Encyclopedia of Military History, New York:HarperCollins, 1993. Hassan, O., Al-Zahir Baibars, Dar al-Amal 1997 Ibn Taghri, al-Nujum al-Zahirah Fi Milook Misr wa al-Qahirah, al-Hay'ah al-Misreyah 1968 Qasim, Abdu Qasim Dr., Asr Salatin AlMamlik (Era of the Mamluk Sultans), Eye for human and social studies, Cairo 2007 Sadawi, H., Al-Mamalik, Maroof Ikhwan, Alexandria Skip Knox, Dr. E.L., The Crusades, Seventh Crusade, A college course on the Crusades, 1999 Toynbee, Arnold J., Mankind and Mother Earth, Oxford University Press 1976 Paris, Matthew, The Chronicles of Matthew Paris (Matthew Paris: Chronica Majora) translated by Helen Nicholson 1989. Paris, Matthew, Roger of Wendover, and Richards, Henry, Matthæi Parisiensis, monachi Sancti Albani, Chronica majora, Longman & Co. 1880. Joinville, Jean de, The Memoirs of the Lord of Joinville, translated by Ethel Wedgwood (1906) The New Encyclopædia Britannica, H. H. Berton Publisher, 1973 The New Encyclopædia Britannica, Macropædia, H. H. Berton Publisher, 1973–1974 www.historyofwar.org External links Map of Fariskur Fariskur Fariskur Battles involving the Ayyubids 1250 Conflicts in