rights, mutual interests, respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity, and non-intervention,” facilitation of close cooperation, rendering economic and industrial assistance and would strive for strengthening friendship between China and the USSR. Article 6. The treaty would be in effect for thirty years, and if no party voices objection to the treaty one year before expiration, the treaty should automatically be extended for another five years. Changchun Railway, Port Arthur, and Dalian Both sides agreed on a complete transfer of all the rights and associated properties of the Changchun railway back to the People's Republic of China free of charge until the conclusion of a peace treaty with Japan but no later than 1952. The Soviet Union would withdraw its troop from the jointly-used naval base at Port Arthur upon concluding a peace treaty with Japan, and the Chinese government would be responsible for the cost of construction and installation incurred by the Soviet Union since 1945. The Joint Sino-Soviet Military Commission with a post-rotation mechanism was to be established overseeing the military affairs until the transfer of ownership. The ownership of Port Dalian would be handed back to China along with the associated properties temporarily administered by the Soviet Union under a joint commission composed of representatives from both parties. Soviet loan to China A loan of $60 million a year and $300 million in total at the interest rate of 1 percent per year was granted to China starting from January 1950, in the form of railways, industrial infrastructure, equipment, and materials for reconstruction and recovery from the destruction of war. Soviet specialists Soviet specialists were sent to work in Chinese institutions, industries, organizations to assist and advise China's reconstruction, industrialization, and economic development with the fixed duration of work at one year, whose treatments were identical to Chinese technicians. The Chinese side is responsible for travel costs, expenditure, lodging, and wages of the Soviet experts, while the cost incurred by the abrupt recall of experts by the Soviet side falls on the Soviet Union. Controversies around national interest China covering a vast territory with rich natural resources endowments was strategically crucial for the Soviet Union. Therefore, the Soviet Union made a huge concession renouncing its vested interest in China's northeast as embodied in the return of the Chinese Changchun Railway, Port Arthur and Dalian in order to reinforce the solidarity of the socialist camp in confrontation with the