used again and that international cooperation should govern their use. Signatories The 70 signers at the Manhattan Project's Metallurgical Laboratory in Chicago, in alphabetical order, with their positions, were: David S. Anthony, Associate Chemist Larned B. Asprey, Junior Chemist, S.E.D. Walter Bartky, Assistant Director Austin M. Brues, Director, Biology Division Mary Burke, Research Assistant Albert Cahn, Jr., Junior Physicist George R. Carlson, Research Assistant-Physics Kenneth Stewart Cole, Principal Bio-Physicist Ethaline Hartge Cortelyou, Junior Chemist John Crawford, Physicist Mary M. Dailey, Research Assistant Miriam Posner Finkel, Associate Biologist Frank G. Foote, Metallurgist Horace Owen France, Associate Biologist Mark S. Fred, Research Associate-Chemistry Sherman Fried, Chemist Francis Lee Friedman, Physicist Melvin S. Friedman, Associate Chemist Mildred C. Ginsberg, Computer Norman Goldstein, Junior Physicist Sheffield Gordon, Associate Chemist Walter J. Grundhauser, Research Assistant Charles W. Hagen, Research Assistant David B. Hall, Physicist David L. Hill, Associate Physicist, Argonne John Perry Howe, Jr., Associate Division Director, Chemistry Earl K. Hyde, Associate Chemist Jasper B. Jeffries, Junior Physicist, Junior Chemist William Karush, Associate Physicist Truman P. Kohman, Chemist-Research Herbert E. Kubitschek, Junior Physicist Alexander Langsdorf, Jr., Research Associate Ralph E. Lapp, Assistant To Division Director Lawrence B. Magnusson, Junior Chemist Robert Joseph Maurer, Physicist Norman Frederick Modine, Research Assistant George S. Monk, Physicist Robert James Moon, Physicist Marietta Catherine Moore, Technician Robert Sanderson Mulliken, Coordinator of Information J. J. Nickson, [Medical Doctor, Biology Division] William Penrod Norris, Associate Biochemist Paul Radell O'Connor, Junior Chemist Leo Arthur Ohlinger, Senior Engineer Alfred Pfanstiehl, Junior Physicist Robert Leroy Platzman, Chemist C. Ladd Prosser, Biologist Robert Lamburn Purbrick, Junior Physicist Wilfrid Rall, Research Assistant-Physics Margaret H. Rand, Research Assistant, Health Section William Rubinson, Chemist B. Roswell Russell, position not identified George Alan Sacher, Associate Biologist Francis R. Shonka, Physicist Eric L. Simmons, Associate Biologist, Health Group John A. Simpson, Jr., Physicist Ellis P. Steinberg, Junior Chemist D. C. Stewart, S/Sgt S.E.D. George Svihla, position not identified [Health Group] Marguerite N. Swift, Associate Physiologist, Health Group Leo Szilard, Chief Physicist Ralph E. Telford, position not identified Joseph D. Teresi, Associate Chemist Albert Wattenberg, Physicist Katharine Way, Research Assistant Edgar Francis Westrum, Jr., Chemist Eugene Paul Wigner, Physicist Ernest J. Wilkins, Jr., Associate Physicist Hoylande Young, Senior Chemist William Houlder Zachariasen, Consultant See also Einstein–Szilárd letter Franck Report Leo Szilárd Nuclear ethics Nuclear weapons debate The Manhattan Project Harry S. Truman References External links Full text of the petition. "The Scientists'