Finland, the Baltic states, Russia, northern Poland and northern Germany, Avalonian fragments - England, Ireland, Netherlands, northern Germany, etc., Laurentian (North American) fragments - Western Norway and Scotland, Gondwana fragments - Spain, Italy, Malta, possibly belonging to the Cimmerian Arc, Neo-Tethys Ocean floor - the Pyrenees/Alps/Apennine/Balkan Alps/Carpathian complex, the Anatolian part of the Cimmerian Arc originating from Gondwana. See also Geography of Europe European Cenozoic Rift System External links Geology of Europe OneGeology-Europe Maps showing the tectonic development of Europe References