Carolyn Elizabeth Robinson Cassady (April 28, 1923 – September 20, 2013) was an American writer and associated with the Beat Generation through her marriage to Neal Cassady and her friendships with Jack Kerouac, Allen Ginsberg, and other prominent Beat figures. She became a frequent character in the works of Jack Kerouac. Early life Carolyn Elizabeth Robinson was born in Lansing, Michigan, on April 28, 1923. The youngest of five siblings, her father Charles S. Robinson was a college professor of nutrition and biochemist and her mother a former English teacher. They raised their children according to strict conventional values. She spent the first eight years of her childhood in East Lansing, then the family moved to Nashville, Tennessee, where she attended the Ward-Belmont College Preparatory School for Girls. Although she enjoyed the school, she was less happy with Nashville, and chose to spend her summers in Glen Lake, Michigan. After the move to Nashville, she developed her lifelong interest in the fine arts and theater arts. She began formal art lessons at age 9, sold her first portrait at age 14, and continued her interest in portrait painting as an adult. At age 12, she joined the Nashville Community Playhouse, where she won awards for set designs, and became the head of the make-up department at age 16. She secured a scholarship to Bennington College, where she initially studied art and then switched to drama. Education In 1943, she studied for six months in New York City. Until her roommate and she could find an apartment of their own, they were hosted by playwright Robert E. Sherwood. By day, she worked for Dazian's fabric company; by night, she studied at Traphagen School of Fashion. She browsed the local museums such as the Metropolitan Museum of Art and the Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) for obscure patterns and fabrics. She attended Broadway theatre productions, witnessed the beginning of the American Ballet Theatre, and took in performances of the biggest swing bands of the era. Both her roommate and she became air raid wardens, serving as auxiliary members of the NYPD. At Bennington College, Carolyn took classes with Martha Graham, Erich Fromm, Peter Drucker, Francis Ferguson, and Theodore Roethke, obtaining her bachelor of arts degree in Stanislavsky drama in 1944. After graduation, she became an occupational therapist for the U.S. Army, and served at Torney General Hospital in Palm Springs, California. When