to explore the upper reaches of the Saint Lawrence and the Great Lakes, they would be able to make contact with the tribes of those areas and trade directly with them. The economic conflicts over the fur trade also led to military conflicts between the different Indian tribes, which resulted in the Iroquois in particular being in constant conflict with the French and the Hurons of the Great Lakes region. The conflict, known as the Beaver Wars, resulted in an Iroquois victory, and the Hurons fleeing from their homeland in the Great Lakes area to new settlements near the town of Quebec. Trudel also explores the religious history of New France, coupled with the development of civil government. He concludes that the primary reason that the French government emphasised missionary work in New France was to bolster its claims to support from the papacy against other European powers which were colonising North America. He also reviews the sporadic growth in civil government, and concludes that even at the end of the period of his volume, civil government was not well-established. The volume ends with a major change in French colonial policy. The government of the young Louis XIV and his main minister, Jean-Baptiste Colbert, ends the monopoly of the last of the trading companies, the Compagnie des Cent-Associés, and assumes direct governance of the colony. Given Trudel's stature amongst the historians of New France, the volume appears to have been well received. One reviewer commented that Trudel's pattern of opposing the different interests of individuals and groups served to illustrate some of the difficulties of the colonial efforts, but perhaps masked some of the larger economical and political reasons for the uncertain progress of the French colony, such as the weakness of French maritime power; the number of enemies France had in Europe, which made it difficult for the French settlements to develop in peace; and the impossibility of establishing a monopoly over the fur trade, given the large number of competitors. The same reviewer took issue with Trudel's conclusion that by the end of the period under study, New France was still largely a rural population. Subsequent volumes Canada Under Louis XIV, 1663-1701, by W. J. Eccles. It was originally planned to be written by Guy Frégault, a Quebec historian. New France, 1701-1744: A Supplement to Europe by Dale Miquelon, an historian from Saskatchewan. It was originally planned to