much higher spatial resolution than images from a standard plenoptic camera. However, the lower angular resolution can introduce aliasing artifacts. Coded aperture camera A design that used a low-cost printed film mask instead of a microlens array was proposed in 2007. This design reduces the chromatic aberrations and loss of boundary pixels seen in microlens arrays, and allows greater spatial resolution. However, the mask-based design reduces the amount of light that reaches the image sensor, reducing brightness. Features Features include: Variable depth of field and "refocusing": Lytro's "Focus Spread" feature allows the depth of field (depth of focus) of a 2 dimensional representation of a Lytro image to be adjusted after a picture has been taken. Instead of setting the focus at a particular distance, "Focus Spread" allows more of a 2D image to be in focus. In some cases this may be the entire 2D image field. Users also are able to "refocus" 2D images at particular distances for artistic effects. The Illum allows the "refocus-able" and "Focus Spreadable" range to be selected using the optical focus and zoom rings on the lens. The Illum also features "focus bracketing" to extend the refocusable range by capturing 3 or 5 consecutive images at different depths. Speed: Because there is less need to focus the lens before taking a picture, a light field camera can capture images more quickly than conventional point-and-shoot digital cameras. This is an advantage in sports photography, for example, where many pictures are lost because the cameras auto-focus system cannot precisely track a fast moving subject. Low-light sensitivity: The ability to adjust focus in post-processing allows the use of larger apertures than are feasible on conventional cameras, thus enabling photography in low-light environments. 3D views: Since a plenoptic camera records depth information, 3D views can be constructed in software from a single plenoptic image capture. 3D views are different from solely stereo images in this case. Stereo images may also be constructed. Metalens array In 2022, NIST announced a device with a focal range of to . The device employed a 39x39-element titanium dioxide metalens array. Each metalens is either right- or left-circle polarized to create a different focal length. Each metalens was rectangular in shape. The light is routed separately through the shorter and longer sides of the rectangle, producing two focal points in the image. Differences among the metalenses were corrected algorithmically. Manufacturers Products Lytro