to the peace finalized at Serdica on 1 March 317 (a date chosen deliberately by Constantine because it was the anniversary of his father's elevation), Licinius recognised Constantine as his superior in government, ceded to him all European territories except for Thrace and deposed and executed Valens. Constantine named himself and Licinius consuls while his two sons Crispus and Constantine II and Licinius' son, also called Licinius, were all appointed Caesars. The peace lasted for about seven years. Citations References Anonymus Valesianus. Origo Constantini Imperatoris at The Latin Library Eusebius. Life of Constantine, transl. and commentary by Averil Cameron, Stuart George Hall, Oxford University Press, 1999. . Lieu, Samuel N. C., Montserrat, Dominic. From Constantine to Julian: A Source History, Routledge, 1996. Lenski, N. E. The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Constantine, Cambridge University Press, 2006. Odahl, Charles M. Constantine and the Christian Empire, Routledge, 2004. Potter, David S. The Roman Empire at Bay AD 180–395, Routledge, 2004. Treadgold, Warren. A history of the Byzantine State and Society, Stanford University Press 1997. Zosimus, Historia Nova (Greek: Νέα Ιστορία), book 1, in Corpus Scriptorum Historiae Byzantinae, ed. Bekker, Weber, Bonn, 1837 Mardia Mardia Mardia 316 310s in the Roman Empire