the heart which is more detailed than an x-ray image and involves no exposure to radiation, to detect congenital heart defects. In 1971, Riley launched Indiana's earliest and sole pediatric burn center along with Indiana's first neonatal intensive care unit. That year Riley also initiated a new model for family-centered care called the Parent Care Unit. This allowed for open visitation, for the participation of parents, and for parents to sleep in the room with their child. In 1975, the Fontan procedure, which separates oxygenated blood from deoxygenated blood during surgery, was first staged in Indiana at Riley. Riley also was the first in Indiana to offer outpatient surgical care to children. In 1983, Riley inserted Indiana's first cochlear implant into a deaf child. After this, the hospital was the first to achieve a successful heart-lung bypass surgery, also called an ECMO procedure, for critically ill infants and children. In 1988, Riley performed the first liver transplant in Indiana. After being the first in Indiana to transplant livers in children, Riley, a year later, executed the first infant and newborn heart transplants. In the 1990s, Riley Hospital opened the Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, along with the only pediatric cancer center in Indiana with a stem cell transplant unit. Later, in 1994, physicians performed Indiana's initial pediatric cord blood transplant. In 1997, Riley Hospital for Children joined with Indiana University Hospital and Methodist Hospital to form Clarian Health Partners (now known as Indiana University Health). Shortly after, U.S. News & World Report magazine recognized Clarian Health Partners as some of the finest hospitals in the United States from 1997 through 2005. The Riley Outpatient Center was launched in 2000 and has the biggest ambulatory care center for children. In 2001, the largest pediatric sleep lab in the world, called the Riley Sleep Disorders Center, began at Riley Hospital. In 2002, the Riley Heart Center for children with heart defects opened. Also in that year, the hospital was authorized to proceed with Phase 1 of pediatric cancer research protocols. The Christian Sarkine Autism Treatment Center, one of the most extensive autism centers in the United States, was also started in 2002. In 2003, inaugural intestinal and multi-organ transplants for the state of Indiana were performed at Riley. Riley also received special authorization for the usage of the Berlin Heart in that year. The Berlin Heart is a ventricular assist